Effects of controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) (C-AS, polyolefin coated ammonium sulfate, 50-day-type; Dd-LP, polyolefincoated urea with dicyandiamide, 40-day-type; C-ANP, polyolefin coated ammonium nitrate phosphat...Effects of controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) (C-AS, polyolefin coated ammonium sulfate, 50-day-type; Dd-LP, polyolefincoated urea with dicyandiamide, 40-day-type; C-ANP, polyolefin coated ammonium nitrate phosphate, 40-day-type; andC-DAP, polyolefin coated diammonium acid phosphate, 40-day-type), ammonium sulphate and no fertilizer control, andtheir application methods (spot, band, surface and mixed) on germination and seedling development of sweet corn (Zeamays L.var. saccharata Sturt.) and dent corn (Zea mays L.var. indentata Sturt.) were investigated in a greenhouse. Underco-situs application (band and spot) of CRFs, there were no obvious differences in the germination speed and rate for bothdent corn and sweet corn relative to control. Mortality rates of sweet corn seedlings under co-situs application were highin experiment 1, but were very low in experiment 2, because the environmental conditions were different in the twoexperiments. That is, under lower temperature and weaker sunlight, young seedlings easily die due to high soil nutrientconcentration and slow growth speed of corn. Shoot weight of both dent and sweet corn did not greatly decrease inexperiment 1. In experiment 2, there were no significant differences in shoot and root weight of both corns between co-situs and surface or mixed application methods. However, with spot and band application of ammonium sulfate, shoot androot weight were significantly reduced. Soil EC and pH were considerably affected by co-situs application, especially atthe fertilizer application site. For both dent and sweet corn, EC in the 0-3 cm soil was significantly higher under co-situsapplication and surface application than that under mixed application, whereas in the 3-6 cm soil depth the situation wasreversed. Compared with control, mixed application of CRFs decreased soil pH slightly (0-3 cm depth) or greatly (3-6 cmdepth).展开更多
Nutrient management plays a crucial role in the yield and quality of sweet corn.A field experiment was conducted in consecutive two kharif seasons in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the effect of various organic sources ...Nutrient management plays a crucial role in the yield and quality of sweet corn.A field experiment was conducted in consecutive two kharif seasons in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the effect of various organic sources of nutrients in combination with inorganic sources on the yield and quality of sweet corn under new alluvial soils of West Bengal,India.Treatments were:T_(1):Control(without fertilizers);T_(2):100%recommended dose(RDF)of chemical fertilizers(CF)(RDF CF_(100%));T_(3):100%recommended dose of N(RDN)through vermicompost(VC)(RDN VC_(100%));T_(4):50 RDN through CF+50%RDN through VC(RDN CF_(50%)+RDN VC50%);T_(5):50%RDF through CF+50%RDN through organic source(OS)1,Soligro(Ascophyllum nodosum)granular(RDN CF_(50%)+RDN OS_(150%));T6:50%RDN through CF+50%RDN through OS 2,Bioenzyme(liquid)(RDN CF_(50%)+RDN OS250%);T7:50%RDN through CF+50%RDN through OS 3,Opteine(Ascophyllum nodosum)filtrate[RDN CF_(50%)+RDN OS350%];T8:50%RDN through VC+50%RDF through OS 1,Soligro(Ascophyllum nodosum)granular(RDN VC50%+RDN OS_(150%)).The OS of fertilizers were VC,SoliGro Gr(OS1)(Ascophyllum nodosum),Bioenzyme liquid(OS2),and Opteine(Ascophyllum nodosum)filtrate(OS3).The inorganic source was traditional CF applied at the RDF(150:75:75 kg ha^(−1) of N:P2O5:K2O).The VC was used to supply 100%RDN as one source or 50%RDN when combined with CF or OS.Maximum fruit yield(10.75 and 10.79 t ha^(−1) in 2018 and 2019,respectively)was recorded when RDF was substituted through CF only,being statistically at par with 50%CF+50%VC on a nitrogen equivalent basis(9.92 and 10.00 t ha^(−1) in 2018 and 2019,respectively)and 100%VC(8.22 and 8.32 t ha^(−1) in 2018 and 2019,respectively).Compared to chemical sources of nutrients,VC-based treatments produced a larger percentage of large-size cob(>25 cm).The 100%VC increased antioxidant(8.35 and 8.45 mg g^(−1)),carotenoid(0.59 and 0.61 mg/100 g),and phenol(55.06 and 55.02 mg 100 g^(−1))content compared with its 50%dose in combination with other sources.The study revealed the potentiality of organic sources towards achieving improved cob quality of sweet corn.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disease caused by a glycolipid metabolism disorder and isletβ-cell dysfunction.SCP-80-I is a biologically active water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from sweet corncob,a...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disease caused by a glycolipid metabolism disorder and isletβ-cell dysfunction.SCP-80-I is a biologically active water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from sweet corncob,an agricultural byproduct.The hypoglycemic effects of SCP-80-I on T2DM mice and its mechanisms were investigated in this study.SCP-80-I was found to significantly reduce blood glucose and lipid deposition levels in T2DM mice,as well as decrease serum leptin and increase adiponectin secretion.Interestingly,real time-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blotting results revealed that SCP-80-I could regulate the expression of several glycolipid metabolisms and insulin secretion genes and proteins,including 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK),carnitine palmitoyltransferase I(CPTI),and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase(ACC)in the liver and AMPK,sirtuin1(Sirtl),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorycoactivator-1(PGC-1α),and uncoupling protein 2(UCP2)in the pancreas.To have a hypoglycemic effect,SCP-80-1 regulated glycolipid metabolism and islet cell function in the liver by regulating the AMPK/AC C/CPT1 signaling pathway and the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1αand AMPK/Sirtl/UCP2 signaling pathways.These findings improve our understanding of polysaccharides derived from sweet corncob and the use of SCP-80-I in the production of hypoglycemic foods.展开更多
[Objective] In order to research differences of economic benefits among 5planting patterns of sweet corn. [Method] Planting benefit of five kinds of planting patterns of Ditian6 were studied. They were one cropping of...[Objective] In order to research differences of economic benefits among 5planting patterns of sweet corn. [Method] Planting benefit of five kinds of planting patterns of Ditian6 were studied. They were one cropping of sweet corn per year,two cropping of sweet corn per year, multiple sowing of wheat and sweet corn, intercropping of sweet corn and vegetables（potatoes, peppers）. [Result] Planting benefit of two cropping of sweet corn in a year, multiple sowing of wheat and sweet,intercropping of sweet corn and vegetables（potatoes, peppers） were higher than that of sweet corn monoculture. The benefit of two cropping of sweet corn per year was the highest, which was 93 937.5 yuan/hm^2. The pure income increase was 41 610 yuan if the average investment of 18 480 yuan/hm^2 was eliminated. Compared with wheat monoculture, the benefit of multiple sowing of wheat and sweet increased39 060 yuan/hm^2. The pure income increase was 25 500 yuan if the average investment of 13 560 yuan/hm^2 was eliminated. The planting benefit of intercropping of sweet corn and potato was 71 460 yuan, and that of intercropping of sweet corn and pepper was 63 750 yuan. [Conclusion] There were extremely significant differences among the economic benefits of 5 planting patterns of sweet corn. According to local actual situation, farmers can choose the most suitable pattern to improve the planting efficiency of the sweet corn.展开更多
The invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)invaded Asia in 2018,colonizing the tropical and southern subtropical regions as well as migrating with the monsoons into Northeast Asia during spring and sum...The invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)invaded Asia in 2018,colonizing the tropical and southern subtropical regions as well as migrating with the monsoons into Northeast Asia during spring and summer.This has resulted in widespread infestations,with significant impacts on maize production in various Asian countries.Previous studies have shown that the invasion of this pest can alter the species relationships of maize pests,but the actual impact on maize pest management is still unclear.This study investigated the changes in maize pest occurrence and pesticide use in the annual breeding areas of S.frugiperda in Yunnan Province and the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China during 2017-2021,based on surveys and interviews with small farmers in maize production.The results showed that S.frugiperda has emerged as the dominant species among maize pests after invasion and colonization,replacing traditional pests such as Ostrinia furnacalis,Spodoptera litura,Agrotis ypsilon,and Rhopalosiphum maidis.The variety of pesticides used for maize pest control has changed from chlorpyrifos,lambda-cyhalothrin,and acetamiprid to emamectin benzoate-based pesticides with high effectiveness against S.frugiperda.Furthermore,the frequency of maize pest chemical applications has increased from an average of 5.88 to 7.21 times per season,with the amounts of pesticides used in summer and autumn maize being significantly higher than in winter and spring maize,thereby increasing application costs by more than 35%.The results of this study clarified the impact of S.frugiperda invasion on maize pest community succession and chemical pesticide use in tropical and south subtropical China,thereby providing a baseline for modifying the regional control strategies for maize pests after the invasion of this relatively new pest.展开更多
To investigate the variation law of pericarp tenderness in growth progress of super sweet corn kernel, the values of pericarp tenderness of 10 super sweet corn inbreeds were measured during kernel growth, and the vari...To investigate the variation law of pericarp tenderness in growth progress of super sweet corn kernel, the values of pericarp tenderness of 10 super sweet corn inbreeds were measured during kernel growth, and the variations under differ- ent conditions were analyzed. The results showed that there existed gradient differ- ences in pericarp tenderness among the 10 materials, of which PE10 had the best pericarp tenderness, T105 took medial place, and $33205 performed worst in peri- carp tenderness. Pericarp tenderness values of these 3 inbreeds increased curvedly from 12 to 24 days after pollination, in the spring （Wuhan, Hubei） and winter （Ling- shui, Hainan） of 2014. Moreover, the average pericarp tenderness at different time points presented the same decreasing order of $33205, T105, PE10, which was not altered by enviroment. With the growth of kernel, for one material, the difference of pericarp tenderness under different environments presented a law of increment, re- duction, uniformity. As for optimum-picking time, there was four days difference be- tween the spring in Wuhan and winter in Lingshui. However, there was no obvious difference in pericarp tenderness on the optimum picking time, which indicated that growing environment could affect the variation ratio of pericarp tenderness, but it still depended on the nature of materials.展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the genetic regularity of indexes related to freshness keeping and its molecular basis by acquiring 6 generations （P1, P2, F1, B1, B2 and F2） of an inbred line T3 with long fr...This study was conducted to investigate the genetic regularity of indexes related to freshness keeping and its molecular basis by acquiring 6 generations （P1, P2, F1, B1, B2 and F2） of an inbred line T3 with long freshness period × an inbred line T15 with short freshness period in sweet corn. The genetic analysis of the indexes was performed by major gene＋polygene mixed genetic model combined with the genetic analysis combining six generations.The results showed that the decreasing rate of the postharvest sugar content in the T3 was controlled by two pairs of additive-dominante-epistatic major genes＋additive-dominant polygenes; each segregating generation was affected by its major genes, the heritability of major genes and polygene in the B1 generation was 74.63% and 17.67%, respectively; the heritability of major gene and potygene in the B2 was 91.98% and 0,00%, respectively; and the heritability of major gene and polygene inthe F2 was 82.67%, and 12.93%, respectively.展开更多
The changes of kernel nutritive components and seed vigor in F1 seeds of sh2 sweet corn during seed development stage were investigated and the relationships between them were analyzed by time series regression (TSR) ...The changes of kernel nutritive components and seed vigor in F1 seeds of sh2 sweet corn during seed development stage were investigated and the relationships between them were analyzed by time series regression (TSR) analysis. The results show that total soluble sugar and reducing sugar contents gradually declined, while starch and soluble protein contents increased throughout the seed development stages. Germination percentage, energy of germination, germination index and vigor index gradually increased along with seed development and reached the highest levels at 38 d after pollination (DAP). The TSR showed that, during 14 to 42 DAP, total soluble sugar content was independent of the vigor parameters determined in present experiment, while the reducing sugar content had a significant effect on seed vigor. TSR equations between seed reducing sugar and seed vigor were also developed. There were negative correlations between the seed reducing sugar content and the germination percentage, energy of germination, germination index and vigor index, respectively. It is suggested that the seed germination, energy of germination, germination index and vigor index could be predicted by the content of reducing sugar in sweet corn seeds during seed development stages.展开更多
A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted using a complete random design with six replications. A pressure-volume curve analysis was employed to study the effects of organic fertilizers on plant water relations in swe...A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted using a complete random design with six replications. A pressure-volume curve analysis was employed to study the effects of organic fertilizers on plant water relations in sweet corn (Zea mays L. cv. Honey-bantam) in terms of leaf osmotic concentration (Cs), osmotic potentials at full turgid status (πFT) and at incipient plasmolysis (πIP), and of symplastic (ζsym) and apoplastic (ζapo) fractions in the tissue water compartment in relation to photosynthetic capacity (Pc) and dry mass accumulation. At the seedling stage (day 15), plants with chemical fertilizer treatments showed lower πFT, πIP and ζapo and higher Cs, ζsym and PC than those with organic fertilizer treatments. Compared to PC and relative growth, where values from day 15 to day 75 were first lower for organic treatments and then higher, ζsym and Cs values were similar, while πFT and πIP were opposite being higher then lower. Dry mass production with organic fertilizer was higher than or close to the chemical fertilizer treatments in the later growth stage (day 75), though dry mass production with chemical fertilizers was much higher in the early and middle growing stages (days 15 and 45). Increased photosynthesis and dry mass production in later growth stages due to organic fertilizers were associated with increased osmotic concentration in the tissue and the symplastic fraction of the tissue water compartment. These might favor stomatal opening and biochemical activities.展开更多
The health status of 18 sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt) hybrids classified to two types, collected from five areas in China, was examined by PDA method, and factors influencing seed health and relationships ...The health status of 18 sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt) hybrids classified to two types, collected from five areas in China, was examined by PDA method, and factors influencing seed health and relationships between seed health and field seedling emergence were studied. Seventeen fungal genera were isolated and Fusarium was the most frequently isolated. There were significant differences both in incidence of Fusarium and in percentage of infected seeds among 18 hybrids. Research also showed that significant and consistent differences both in seed-borne fungal taxa and in percentage of infected seeds existed between two types of sweet corn. Sugar enhanced corn is more slightly infected than super sweet corn both in fungal taxa (13 and 16, respectively) and in percentage of infected seeds (62.0 and 79.2%, respectively). There were also significant differences both in seed-borne fungal taxa and in percentage of infected seeds among five areas. Seeds from South China were most severely infected, for there were 14 fungal genera detected and the percentage of infected seeds was highly 99.1% while those from Northwest China were slightly infected, for there were 10 fungal genera detected and the percentage of infected seeds was only 14.3%. Further research showed that there were significant negative correlations both between incidence of Fusarium and percentage of field seedling emergence and between percentage of infected seeds and percentage of field seedling emergence. Percentage of field seedling emergence could be estimated by regression equations built by regression analysis.展开更多
The sugar components and their dynamic variation in the developing grains of sweet corn(Zea mays L. seccharata Sturt)and normal corn (Zea mays L. indentata Sturt) were compared. There are WSP (water-soluble polysaccha...The sugar components and their dynamic variation in the developing grains of sweet corn(Zea mays L. seccharata Sturt)and normal corn (Zea mays L. indentata Sturt) were compared. There are WSP (water-soluble polysaccharides), sucrose, fructose, glucose, mannitol and sorbitol in both sweet corn and normal corn, but no maltose. Two components with different degrees of polymerization (D. P. N) were detected in the sweet corn; only one of them was detected in the normal corn 20 days after pollination. With the development of grains, the total soluble sugar content(TSS)in sweet corn increased, but in normal corn it decreased. The dynamic variation of WSP, sucrose, glucose, fructose, mannitol and sorbitol in sweet and normal corn grains are different. The contents of sugar components in the sweet corn grains are higher than that in the normal corn. Sweet corn accumulates less starch than normal corn.展开更多
Objective] This study aimed to detect al organophosphate, organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residues in fresh sweet corn in one determination using a gas chromatograph. [Method] The pesticide residues in fresh s...Objective] This study aimed to detect al organophosphate, organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residues in fresh sweet corn in one determination using a gas chromatograph. [Method] The pesticide residues in fresh sweet corn were ex-tracted and loaded to simultaneously the gas chromatograph Agilent 6890N which was equipped with two autosamplers, two columns and two detectors. [Result] Al the 26 pesticides were completely separated and eluted out within 25 min. The re-coveries of standard addition of the 26 pesticides ranged from 76% to 106%, with relative standard deviations （RSD） ranging from 0.5% to 8.9%. The linear regression equation fit wel from 0.050 to 1.500 mg/L corn extract （r2＆gt;0.996）. [Conclusion] The method is accuracy, which meets the requirements of pesticide residue analysis and can be used for the rapid detection, qualitative and quantitative analysis of pesticide residues in fresh sweet corn.展开更多
Objective] The effect of nutrition synergist was evaluated. [Method] The experiment was conducted to study the effect of nutrient synergist on the yield and quality of sweet corn as tested material. [Result] The resul...Objective] The effect of nutrition synergist was evaluated. [Method] The experiment was conducted to study the effect of nutrient synergist on the yield and quality of sweet corn as tested material. [Result] The result showed that during jointing stage, CropbiolifeTM nutrient synergist could increase the content of chloro-phyl and total nitrogen in the leaves of sweet corn by 8.45% and 4.22%, respec-tively; Compared with control, at harvest time the contents of VC soluble protein, crude protein in sweet corn fruits were raised by 15.68%, 8.45%, and 4.22%, re-spectively, and yield of sweet corn also increased by 12.89%. [Conclusion] The nu-trient synergist can improve the corn yield and quality.展开更多
Data on the mechanism of how pericarp components in fresh sweet corn affect pericarp tenderness are scarce.This study explored variation and correlation of pericarp tenderness and components over time in three inbred ...Data on the mechanism of how pericarp components in fresh sweet corn affect pericarp tenderness are scarce.This study explored variation and correlation of pericarp tenderness and components over time in three inbred lines of sweet corn that were selected for their differences in pericarp tenderness.The three lines presented a curvilinear increase in pericarp tenderness(puncture reading)from 12 to 24 d after pollination(DAP)across two environments,with the means at each time point always in the same order:S33205>T105>PE10.Pericarp tenderness difference at each same time point in two environments over time varied similarly in each of the three inbred lines:increasing first,then dropping after peak,and insignificant at the end.Of the main pericarp components,mean contents were in the order:hemicellulose>cellulose>lignin in both environments at each time point for the three inbred lines.As the pericarp developed,hemicellulose content increased gradually,lignin content varied along a single-peak curve,cellulose content fluctuated around 24%,and pectin and ash contents changed slightly and irregularly.The pericarp of PE10,with the most tender pericarp,accumulated hemicellulose faster than other two lines.Hemicellulose and lignin contents were significantly correlated with pericarp tenderness,and the main components affected pericarp tenderness.展开更多
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of application of various levels of GML （ground magnesium limestone） for sweet corn production on two Ultisols, viz.： Bungor and Rengam series soil. The treatmen...An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of application of various levels of GML （ground magnesium limestone） for sweet corn production on two Ultisols, viz.： Bungor and Rengam series soil. The treatments consisted of six levels of GML 0, 0.5, 1.0,2.0,4.0 and 8.0 Mg·ML·ha^-1 incorporated into the top 15 cm, a control which received no GML and no fertilizer. Two crops of sweet corn were planted with a crop of groundnut in a sequence of corn-groundnut-corn. Results indicated that application of 4.0 Mg·GML·ha^-1 and 2.0 Mg·GML·ha^-1 on Bungor and Rengan series soil respectively gave the highest yields in terms of saleable cob number. Soil analysis showed that application of 4.0 and 2.0 Mg·ha^-1 to Bungor and Rengam series soils respectively reduced Al saturation in both soils to 2.0% and increased soil pH to 5.7 and 4.8, respectively.展开更多
Identifying and selecting high-quality seeds is crucial for improving crop yield.The purpose of this study was to improve the selection of crop seeds based on separating vital seeds from dead seeds,by predicting the p...Identifying and selecting high-quality seeds is crucial for improving crop yield.The purpose of this study was to improve the selection of crop seeds based on separating vital seeds from dead seeds,by predicting the potential germination ability of each seed,and thus improving seed quality.The methods of oxygen consumption (Q) of seeds and the headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry(HS-GC-IMS) were evaluated for identifying the viability of individual seeds.Firstly,the oxygen consumption technique showed clear differences among the values related to respiratory characteristics for seeds that were either vital or not,and the discrimination ability of final oxygen consumption(Q_(120)) was achieved not only in sweet corn seeds but also in pepper and wheat seeds.Besides,Qtwas established as a new variable to shorten the measuring process in the Q2 (oxygen sensor) procedure,which was significantly related to the viability of individual seeds.To minimize seed damage during measurement,the timing for viability evaluation was pinpointed at the 12,6 and 9 h for pepper,sweet corn,and wheat seeds based on the new variables concerning oxygen consumption (i.e.,Q_(12),Q_(6)and Q_(9),respectively).The accuracies of viability prediction were 91.9,97.7 and 96.2%,respectively.Dead seeds were identified and hence discarded,leading to an enhancement in the quality of the seed lot as indicated by an increase in germination percentage,from 86.6,90.9,and 53.8%to all at 100%.We then used the HS-GC-IMS to determine the viability of individual sweet corn seeds,noting that corn seed has a heavier weight so the volatile gas components are more likely to be detected.A total of 48 chromatographic peaks were identified,among which 38 target compounds were characterized,including alcohols,aldehydes,acids and esters.However,there were no significant differences between the vital and dead seeds,due to the trace amount volatile composition differences among the individual seeds.Furthermore,a PCA based on the signal intensities of the target volatile compounds obtained was found to lose its effectiveness,as it was unable to distinguish those two types of sweet corn seeds.These strategies can provide a reference for the rapid detection of single seed viability.展开更多
基金partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NFSC)(30230230 and 30070429)
文摘Effects of controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) (C-AS, polyolefin coated ammonium sulfate, 50-day-type; Dd-LP, polyolefincoated urea with dicyandiamide, 40-day-type; C-ANP, polyolefin coated ammonium nitrate phosphate, 40-day-type; andC-DAP, polyolefin coated diammonium acid phosphate, 40-day-type), ammonium sulphate and no fertilizer control, andtheir application methods (spot, band, surface and mixed) on germination and seedling development of sweet corn (Zeamays L.var. saccharata Sturt.) and dent corn (Zea mays L.var. indentata Sturt.) were investigated in a greenhouse. Underco-situs application (band and spot) of CRFs, there were no obvious differences in the germination speed and rate for bothdent corn and sweet corn relative to control. Mortality rates of sweet corn seedlings under co-situs application were highin experiment 1, but were very low in experiment 2, because the environmental conditions were different in the twoexperiments. That is, under lower temperature and weaker sunlight, young seedlings easily die due to high soil nutrientconcentration and slow growth speed of corn. Shoot weight of both dent and sweet corn did not greatly decrease inexperiment 1. In experiment 2, there were no significant differences in shoot and root weight of both corns between co-situs and surface or mixed application methods. However, with spot and band application of ammonium sulfate, shoot androot weight were significantly reduced. Soil EC and pH were considerably affected by co-situs application, especially atthe fertilizer application site. For both dent and sweet corn, EC in the 0-3 cm soil was significantly higher under co-situsapplication and surface application than that under mixed application, whereas in the 3-6 cm soil depth the situation wasreversed. Compared with control, mixed application of CRFs decreased soil pH slightly (0-3 cm depth) or greatly (3-6 cmdepth).
基金Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSP2024R7)King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Nutrient management plays a crucial role in the yield and quality of sweet corn.A field experiment was conducted in consecutive two kharif seasons in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the effect of various organic sources of nutrients in combination with inorganic sources on the yield and quality of sweet corn under new alluvial soils of West Bengal,India.Treatments were:T_(1):Control(without fertilizers);T_(2):100%recommended dose(RDF)of chemical fertilizers(CF)(RDF CF_(100%));T_(3):100%recommended dose of N(RDN)through vermicompost(VC)(RDN VC_(100%));T_(4):50 RDN through CF+50%RDN through VC(RDN CF_(50%)+RDN VC50%);T_(5):50%RDF through CF+50%RDN through organic source(OS)1,Soligro(Ascophyllum nodosum)granular(RDN CF_(50%)+RDN OS_(150%));T6:50%RDN through CF+50%RDN through OS 2,Bioenzyme(liquid)(RDN CF_(50%)+RDN OS250%);T7:50%RDN through CF+50%RDN through OS 3,Opteine(Ascophyllum nodosum)filtrate[RDN CF_(50%)+RDN OS350%];T8:50%RDN through VC+50%RDF through OS 1,Soligro(Ascophyllum nodosum)granular(RDN VC50%+RDN OS_(150%)).The OS of fertilizers were VC,SoliGro Gr(OS1)(Ascophyllum nodosum),Bioenzyme liquid(OS2),and Opteine(Ascophyllum nodosum)filtrate(OS3).The inorganic source was traditional CF applied at the RDF(150:75:75 kg ha^(−1) of N:P2O5:K2O).The VC was used to supply 100%RDN as one source or 50%RDN when combined with CF or OS.Maximum fruit yield(10.75 and 10.79 t ha^(−1) in 2018 and 2019,respectively)was recorded when RDF was substituted through CF only,being statistically at par with 50%CF+50%VC on a nitrogen equivalent basis(9.92 and 10.00 t ha^(−1) in 2018 and 2019,respectively)and 100%VC(8.22 and 8.32 t ha^(−1) in 2018 and 2019,respectively).Compared to chemical sources of nutrients,VC-based treatments produced a larger percentage of large-size cob(>25 cm).The 100%VC increased antioxidant(8.35 and 8.45 mg g^(−1)),carotenoid(0.59 and 0.61 mg/100 g),and phenol(55.06 and 55.02 mg 100 g^(−1))content compared with its 50%dose in combination with other sources.The study revealed the potentiality of organic sources towards achieving improved cob quality of sweet corn.
基金financially supported by the Doctoral Scientific Research Start-up Foundation of the Harbin University of Commerce (2019DS098)the Young Innovation Talents Project from the Harbin University of Commerce (2019CX31)the Graduate Innovation Fund from the Harbin University of Commerce (YJSCX2019–615HSD)。
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disease caused by a glycolipid metabolism disorder and isletβ-cell dysfunction.SCP-80-I is a biologically active water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from sweet corncob,an agricultural byproduct.The hypoglycemic effects of SCP-80-I on T2DM mice and its mechanisms were investigated in this study.SCP-80-I was found to significantly reduce blood glucose and lipid deposition levels in T2DM mice,as well as decrease serum leptin and increase adiponectin secretion.Interestingly,real time-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blotting results revealed that SCP-80-I could regulate the expression of several glycolipid metabolisms and insulin secretion genes and proteins,including 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK),carnitine palmitoyltransferase I(CPTI),and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase(ACC)in the liver and AMPK,sirtuin1(Sirtl),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorycoactivator-1(PGC-1α),and uncoupling protein 2(UCP2)in the pancreas.To have a hypoglycemic effect,SCP-80-1 regulated glycolipid metabolism and islet cell function in the liver by regulating the AMPK/AC C/CPT1 signaling pathway and the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1αand AMPK/Sirtl/UCP2 signaling pathways.These findings improve our understanding of polysaccharides derived from sweet corncob and the use of SCP-80-I in the production of hypoglycemic foods.
基金Supported by Demonstration Project of Shanxi Science and Technology Bureau"Three-dimensional and Efficient Planting Pattern Demonstration of Sweet Corn in Basin of Central Shanxi"(No.2012.49)~~
文摘[Objective] In order to research differences of economic benefits among 5planting patterns of sweet corn. [Method] Planting benefit of five kinds of planting patterns of Ditian6 were studied. They were one cropping of sweet corn per year,two cropping of sweet corn per year, multiple sowing of wheat and sweet corn, intercropping of sweet corn and vegetables（potatoes, peppers）. [Result] Planting benefit of two cropping of sweet corn in a year, multiple sowing of wheat and sweet,intercropping of sweet corn and vegetables（potatoes, peppers） were higher than that of sweet corn monoculture. The benefit of two cropping of sweet corn per year was the highest, which was 93 937.5 yuan/hm^2. The pure income increase was 41 610 yuan if the average investment of 18 480 yuan/hm^2 was eliminated. Compared with wheat monoculture, the benefit of multiple sowing of wheat and sweet increased39 060 yuan/hm^2. The pure income increase was 25 500 yuan if the average investment of 13 560 yuan/hm^2 was eliminated. The planting benefit of intercropping of sweet corn and potato was 71 460 yuan, and that of intercropping of sweet corn and pepper was 63 750 yuan. [Conclusion] There were extremely significant differences among the economic benefits of 5 planting patterns of sweet corn. According to local actual situation, farmers can choose the most suitable pattern to improve the planting efficiency of the sweet corn.
基金supported by the Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project China(NT2021003)the earmarked fund for China Agricultural Research System(CARS-02)。
文摘The invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)invaded Asia in 2018,colonizing the tropical and southern subtropical regions as well as migrating with the monsoons into Northeast Asia during spring and summer.This has resulted in widespread infestations,with significant impacts on maize production in various Asian countries.Previous studies have shown that the invasion of this pest can alter the species relationships of maize pests,but the actual impact on maize pest management is still unclear.This study investigated the changes in maize pest occurrence and pesticide use in the annual breeding areas of S.frugiperda in Yunnan Province and the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China during 2017-2021,based on surveys and interviews with small farmers in maize production.The results showed that S.frugiperda has emerged as the dominant species among maize pests after invasion and colonization,replacing traditional pests such as Ostrinia furnacalis,Spodoptera litura,Agrotis ypsilon,and Rhopalosiphum maidis.The variety of pesticides used for maize pest control has changed from chlorpyrifos,lambda-cyhalothrin,and acetamiprid to emamectin benzoate-based pesticides with high effectiveness against S.frugiperda.Furthermore,the frequency of maize pest chemical applications has increased from an average of 5.88 to 7.21 times per season,with the amounts of pesticides used in summer and autumn maize being significantly higher than in winter and spring maize,thereby increasing application costs by more than 35%.The results of this study clarified the impact of S.frugiperda invasion on maize pest community succession and chemical pesticide use in tropical and south subtropical China,thereby providing a baseline for modifying the regional control strategies for maize pests after the invasion of this relatively new pest.
基金Supported by the Open Project of the State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources(SKL-CUSAb-2013-03)
文摘To investigate the variation law of pericarp tenderness in growth progress of super sweet corn kernel, the values of pericarp tenderness of 10 super sweet corn inbreeds were measured during kernel growth, and the variations under differ- ent conditions were analyzed. The results showed that there existed gradient differ- ences in pericarp tenderness among the 10 materials, of which PE10 had the best pericarp tenderness, T105 took medial place, and $33205 performed worst in peri- carp tenderness. Pericarp tenderness values of these 3 inbreeds increased curvedly from 12 to 24 days after pollination, in the spring （Wuhan, Hubei） and winter （Ling- shui, Hainan） of 2014. Moreover, the average pericarp tenderness at different time points presented the same decreasing order of $33205, T105, PE10, which was not altered by enviroment. With the growth of kernel, for one material, the difference of pericarp tenderness under different environments presented a law of increment, re- duction, uniformity. As for optimum-picking time, there was four days difference be- tween the spring in Wuhan and winter in Lingshui. However, there was no obvious difference in pericarp tenderness on the optimum picking time, which indicated that growing environment could affect the variation ratio of pericarp tenderness, but it still depended on the nature of materials.
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the genetic regularity of indexes related to freshness keeping and its molecular basis by acquiring 6 generations （P1, P2, F1, B1, B2 and F2） of an inbred line T3 with long freshness period × an inbred line T15 with short freshness period in sweet corn. The genetic analysis of the indexes was performed by major gene＋polygene mixed genetic model combined with the genetic analysis combining six generations.The results showed that the decreasing rate of the postharvest sugar content in the T3 was controlled by two pairs of additive-dominante-epistatic major genes＋additive-dominant polygenes; each segregating generation was affected by its major genes, the heritability of major genes and polygene in the B1 generation was 74.63% and 17.67%, respectively; the heritability of major gene and potygene in the B2 was 91.98% and 0,00%, respectively; and the heritability of major gene and polygene inthe F2 was 82.67%, and 12.93%, respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30370911)Education Department of Zhejiang Prov-ince, China (No. 20070147)
文摘The changes of kernel nutritive components and seed vigor in F1 seeds of sh2 sweet corn during seed development stage were investigated and the relationships between them were analyzed by time series regression (TSR) analysis. The results show that total soluble sugar and reducing sugar contents gradually declined, while starch and soluble protein contents increased throughout the seed development stages. Germination percentage, energy of germination, germination index and vigor index gradually increased along with seed development and reached the highest levels at 38 d after pollination (DAP). The TSR showed that, during 14 to 42 DAP, total soluble sugar content was independent of the vigor parameters determined in present experiment, while the reducing sugar content had a significant effect on seed vigor. TSR equations between seed reducing sugar and seed vigor were also developed. There were negative correlations between the seed reducing sugar content and the germination percentage, energy of germination, germination index and vigor index, respectively. It is suggested that the seed germination, energy of germination, germination index and vigor index could be predicted by the content of reducing sugar in sweet corn seeds during seed development stages.
文摘A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted using a complete random design with six replications. A pressure-volume curve analysis was employed to study the effects of organic fertilizers on plant water relations in sweet corn (Zea mays L. cv. Honey-bantam) in terms of leaf osmotic concentration (Cs), osmotic potentials at full turgid status (πFT) and at incipient plasmolysis (πIP), and of symplastic (ζsym) and apoplastic (ζapo) fractions in the tissue water compartment in relation to photosynthetic capacity (Pc) and dry mass accumulation. At the seedling stage (day 15), plants with chemical fertilizer treatments showed lower πFT, πIP and ζapo and higher Cs, ζsym and PC than those with organic fertilizer treatments. Compared to PC and relative growth, where values from day 15 to day 75 were first lower for organic treatments and then higher, ζsym and Cs values were similar, while πFT and πIP were opposite being higher then lower. Dry mass production with organic fertilizer was higher than or close to the chemical fertilizer treatments in the later growth stage (day 75), though dry mass production with chemical fertilizers was much higher in the early and middle growing stages (days 15 and 45). Increased photosynthesis and dry mass production in later growth stages due to organic fertilizers were associated with increased osmotic concentration in the tissue and the symplastic fraction of the tissue water compartment. These might favor stomatal opening and biochemical activities.
文摘The health status of 18 sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata Sturt) hybrids classified to two types, collected from five areas in China, was examined by PDA method, and factors influencing seed health and relationships between seed health and field seedling emergence were studied. Seventeen fungal genera were isolated and Fusarium was the most frequently isolated. There were significant differences both in incidence of Fusarium and in percentage of infected seeds among 18 hybrids. Research also showed that significant and consistent differences both in seed-borne fungal taxa and in percentage of infected seeds existed between two types of sweet corn. Sugar enhanced corn is more slightly infected than super sweet corn both in fungal taxa (13 and 16, respectively) and in percentage of infected seeds (62.0 and 79.2%, respectively). There were also significant differences both in seed-borne fungal taxa and in percentage of infected seeds among five areas. Seeds from South China were most severely infected, for there were 14 fungal genera detected and the percentage of infected seeds was highly 99.1% while those from Northwest China were slightly infected, for there were 10 fungal genera detected and the percentage of infected seeds was only 14.3%. Further research showed that there were significant negative correlations both between incidence of Fusarium and percentage of field seedling emergence and between percentage of infected seeds and percentage of field seedling emergence. Percentage of field seedling emergence could be estimated by regression equations built by regression analysis.
文摘The sugar components and their dynamic variation in the developing grains of sweet corn(Zea mays L. seccharata Sturt)and normal corn (Zea mays L. indentata Sturt) were compared. There are WSP (water-soluble polysaccharides), sucrose, fructose, glucose, mannitol and sorbitol in both sweet corn and normal corn, but no maltose. Two components with different degrees of polymerization (D. P. N) were detected in the sweet corn; only one of them was detected in the normal corn 20 days after pollination. With the development of grains, the total soluble sugar content(TSS)in sweet corn increased, but in normal corn it decreased. The dynamic variation of WSP, sucrose, glucose, fructose, mannitol and sorbitol in sweet and normal corn grains are different. The contents of sugar components in the sweet corn grains are higher than that in the normal corn. Sweet corn accumulates less starch than normal corn.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Research Program of Huizhou City~~
文摘Objective] This study aimed to detect al organophosphate, organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticide residues in fresh sweet corn in one determination using a gas chromatograph. [Method] The pesticide residues in fresh sweet corn were ex-tracted and loaded to simultaneously the gas chromatograph Agilent 6890N which was equipped with two autosamplers, two columns and two detectors. [Result] Al the 26 pesticides were completely separated and eluted out within 25 min. The re-coveries of standard addition of the 26 pesticides ranged from 76% to 106%, with relative standard deviations （RSD） ranging from 0.5% to 8.9%. The linear regression equation fit wel from 0.050 to 1.500 mg/L corn extract （r2＆gt;0.996）. [Conclusion] The method is accuracy, which meets the requirements of pesticide residue analysis and can be used for the rapid detection, qualitative and quantitative analysis of pesticide residues in fresh sweet corn.
文摘Objective] The effect of nutrition synergist was evaluated. [Method] The experiment was conducted to study the effect of nutrient synergist on the yield and quality of sweet corn as tested material. [Result] The result showed that during jointing stage, CropbiolifeTM nutrient synergist could increase the content of chloro-phyl and total nitrogen in the leaves of sweet corn by 8.45% and 4.22%, respec-tively; Compared with control, at harvest time the contents of VC soluble protein, crude protein in sweet corn fruits were raised by 15.68%, 8.45%, and 4.22%, re-spectively, and yield of sweet corn also increased by 12.89%. [Conclusion] The nu-trient synergist can improve the corn yield and quality.
基金The Open Project of the State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources(SKL-CUSAb-2013-03)。
文摘Data on the mechanism of how pericarp components in fresh sweet corn affect pericarp tenderness are scarce.This study explored variation and correlation of pericarp tenderness and components over time in three inbred lines of sweet corn that were selected for their differences in pericarp tenderness.The three lines presented a curvilinear increase in pericarp tenderness(puncture reading)from 12 to 24 d after pollination(DAP)across two environments,with the means at each time point always in the same order:S33205>T105>PE10.Pericarp tenderness difference at each same time point in two environments over time varied similarly in each of the three inbred lines:increasing first,then dropping after peak,and insignificant at the end.Of the main pericarp components,mean contents were in the order:hemicellulose>cellulose>lignin in both environments at each time point for the three inbred lines.As the pericarp developed,hemicellulose content increased gradually,lignin content varied along a single-peak curve,cellulose content fluctuated around 24%,and pectin and ash contents changed slightly and irregularly.The pericarp of PE10,with the most tender pericarp,accumulated hemicellulose faster than other two lines.Hemicellulose and lignin contents were significantly correlated with pericarp tenderness,and the main components affected pericarp tenderness.
文摘An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of application of various levels of GML （ground magnesium limestone） for sweet corn production on two Ultisols, viz.： Bungor and Rengam series soil. The treatments consisted of six levels of GML 0, 0.5, 1.0,2.0,4.0 and 8.0 Mg·ML·ha^-1 incorporated into the top 15 cm, a control which received no GML and no fertilizer. Two crops of sweet corn were planted with a crop of groundnut in a sequence of corn-groundnut-corn. Results indicated that application of 4.0 Mg·GML·ha^-1 and 2.0 Mg·GML·ha^-1 on Bungor and Rengan series soil respectively gave the highest yields in terms of saleable cob number. Soil analysis showed that application of 4.0 and 2.0 Mg·ha^-1 to Bungor and Rengam series soils respectively reduced Al saturation in both soils to 2.0% and increased soil pH to 5.7 and 4.8, respectively.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0100903)。
文摘Identifying and selecting high-quality seeds is crucial for improving crop yield.The purpose of this study was to improve the selection of crop seeds based on separating vital seeds from dead seeds,by predicting the potential germination ability of each seed,and thus improving seed quality.The methods of oxygen consumption (Q) of seeds and the headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry(HS-GC-IMS) were evaluated for identifying the viability of individual seeds.Firstly,the oxygen consumption technique showed clear differences among the values related to respiratory characteristics for seeds that were either vital or not,and the discrimination ability of final oxygen consumption(Q_(120)) was achieved not only in sweet corn seeds but also in pepper and wheat seeds.Besides,Qtwas established as a new variable to shorten the measuring process in the Q2 (oxygen sensor) procedure,which was significantly related to the viability of individual seeds.To minimize seed damage during measurement,the timing for viability evaluation was pinpointed at the 12,6 and 9 h for pepper,sweet corn,and wheat seeds based on the new variables concerning oxygen consumption (i.e.,Q_(12),Q_(6)and Q_(9),respectively).The accuracies of viability prediction were 91.9,97.7 and 96.2%,respectively.Dead seeds were identified and hence discarded,leading to an enhancement in the quality of the seed lot as indicated by an increase in germination percentage,from 86.6,90.9,and 53.8%to all at 100%.We then used the HS-GC-IMS to determine the viability of individual sweet corn seeds,noting that corn seed has a heavier weight so the volatile gas components are more likely to be detected.A total of 48 chromatographic peaks were identified,among which 38 target compounds were characterized,including alcohols,aldehydes,acids and esters.However,there were no significant differences between the vital and dead seeds,due to the trace amount volatile composition differences among the individual seeds.Furthermore,a PCA based on the signal intensities of the target volatile compounds obtained was found to lose its effectiveness,as it was unable to distinguish those two types of sweet corn seeds.These strategies can provide a reference for the rapid detection of single seed viability.
