Machine learning(ML)has powerful nonlinear processing and multivariate learning capabilities,so it has been widely utilised in the fatigue field.However,most ML methods are inexplicable black-box models that are diffi...Machine learning(ML)has powerful nonlinear processing and multivariate learning capabilities,so it has been widely utilised in the fatigue field.However,most ML methods are inexplicable black-box models that are difficult to apply in engineering practice.Symbolic regression(SR)is an interpretable machine learning method for determining the optimal fitting equation for datasets.In this study,domain knowledge-guided SR was used to determine a new fatigue crack growth(FCG)rate model.Three terms of the variable subtree ofΔK,R-ratio,andΔK_(th)were obtained by analysing eight traditional semi-empirical FCG rate models.Based on the FCG rate test data from other literature,the SR model was constructed using Al-7055-T7511.It was subsequently extended to other alloys(Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al,Ti-6Al-4V,Cr-Mo-V,LC9cs,Al-6013-T651,and Al-2324-T3)using multiple linear regression.Compared with the three semi-empirical FCG rate models,the SR model yielded higher prediction accuracy.This result demonstrates the potential of domain knowledge-guided SR for building the FCG rate model.展开更多
Radial Basis Function Neural Network(RBFNN)ensembles have long suffered from non-efficient training,where incorrect parameter settings can be computationally disastrous.This paper examines different evolutionary algor...Radial Basis Function Neural Network(RBFNN)ensembles have long suffered from non-efficient training,where incorrect parameter settings can be computationally disastrous.This paper examines different evolutionary algorithms for training the Symbolic Radial Basis Function Neural Network(SRBFNN)through the behavior’s integration of satisfiability programming.Inspired by evolutionary algorithms,which can iteratively find the nearoptimal solution,different Evolutionary Algorithms(EAs)were designed to optimize the producer output weight of the SRBFNN that corresponds to the embedded logic programming 2Satisfiability representation(SRBFNN-2SAT).The SRBFNN’s objective function that corresponds to Satisfiability logic programming can be minimized by different algorithms,including Genetic Algorithm(GA),Evolution Strategy Algorithm(ES),Differential Evolution Algorithm(DE),and Evolutionary Programming Algorithm(EP).Each of these methods is presented in the steps in the flowchart form which can be used for its straightforward implementation in any programming language.With the use of SRBFNN-2SAT,a training method based on these algorithms has been presented,then training has been compared among algorithms,which were applied in Microsoft Visual C++software using multiple metrics of performance,including Mean Absolute Relative Error(MARE),Root Mean Square Error(RMSE),Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE),Mean Bias Error(MBE),Systematic Error(SD),Schwarz Bayesian Criterion(SBC),and Central Process Unit time(CPU time).Based on the results,the EP algorithm achieved a higher training rate and simple structure compared with the rest of the algorithms.It has been confirmed that the EP algorithm is quite effective in training and obtaining the best output weight,accompanied by the slightest iteration error,which minimizes the objective function of SRBFNN-2SAT.展开更多
Araby is a short story by the famous Irish stream-of-consciousness writer James Joyce.Through a series of images,the novel expresses the theme of the story:the“mental paralysis”of Dubliners and the“spiritual Epiph...Araby is a short story by the famous Irish stream-of-consciousness writer James Joyce.Through a series of images,the novel expresses the theme of the story:the“mental paralysis”of Dubliners and the“spiritual Epiphany”of the little boy,which reflects the spiritual barren of Dubliners at that time.Through the analysis of the symbolic meaning of many images in the work,this paper reveals the social background and religious significance hidden behind the images.展开更多
The article explores the topic of symbolic expression in the physical elements that form urban public spaces.It is done by giving an overview and analysing spaces that hold a widely-recognised symbolic value.The autho...The article explores the topic of symbolic expression in the physical elements that form urban public spaces.It is done by giving an overview and analysing spaces that hold a widely-recognised symbolic value.The author discusses the means of encoding and perceiving meanings in the spacial composition,physical form and materials of its elements,and other aspects that influence the sensory or psychological perception of the observer.At the same time,different theoretical approaches to the perception of space are discussed,addressing not only architectural theory but also the ideas proposed in the fields of philosophy,fenomenology and cultural studies.展开更多
A Rose for Emily is one of William Faulkner's most famous short stories.Through the representing of patriarchy influence on Emily,Faulkner shows his readers Emily's tragic life.From the diverse meanings of the...A Rose for Emily is one of William Faulkner's most famous short stories.Through the representing of patriarchy influence on Emily,Faulkner shows his readers Emily's tragic life.From the diverse meanings of the "Rose" to the debated themes,this story has been discussed before.This paper tries to analyze the three stages of Emily's struggle for love in order to represent the symbolism of the "Rose" from the perspective of feminism.It also represents the root of Emily's tragedy and the sympathy for the tragic fate of the Southern women.展开更多
The Glass Menagerie which is written by Tennessee Williams got a great success in Chicago when it was produced in the year 1944.It told us a story happened in an extraordinary family.Each member in the family got thei...The Glass Menagerie which is written by Tennessee Williams got a great success in Chicago when it was produced in the year 1944.It told us a story happened in an extraordinary family.Each member in the family got their own defects in the personalities.Therefore,it resulted in the tragic ending.Here,the author will concentrate on the symbolic meanings used in the drama.展开更多
Abstract:Stephen Crane was an outstanding American novelist,poet,and journalist.He achieved great success in his literary works during his brief career.Crane’s most well-known work,The Red Badge of Courage,is commonl...Abstract:Stephen Crane was an outstanding American novelist,poet,and journalist.He achieved great success in his literary works during his brief career.Crane’s most well-known work,The Red Badge of Courage,is commonly believed to be the first great novel of the American Civil War,largely because of its vivid and detailed description of the experience of warfare.This paper analyzes the images of color,animal and machine,which convey Crane’s thoughts of war:war is full of chaos,brutality,and confusion,without any romantic elements or heroism.展开更多
Crane’s most well-known work,The Red Badge of Courage,is commonly believed to be the first great novel of the American Civil War,largely because of its vivid and detailed description of the experience of warfare.This...Crane’s most well-known work,The Red Badge of Courage,is commonly believed to be the first great novel of the American Civil War,largely because of its vivid and detailed description of the experience of warfare.This paper conveys figure images symbolize that human life is insignificant in an indifferent universe in the novel,which are perfect symbolic images distinguish Crane as a forerunner of modernistic writers.展开更多
The use of symbol attributes on the side of symbolic social networks to analyze,understand,and predict the topology,function,and dynamic behaviour of complex networks,and has important theoretical significance for per...The use of symbol attributes on the side of symbolic social networks to analyze,understand,and predict the topology,function,and dynamic behaviour of complex networks,and has important theoretical significance for personalized recommendations,attitude prediction,user feature analysis,and clustering and application value.However,due to the huge scale of online social networks,this poses a challenge to traditional symbolic social network analysis methods.Based on the theory of structural equilibrium,this paper studies the evolutionary dynamics of symbolic social networks,proposes the energy function of weak structural equilibrium theory,and uses the evolution of evolutionary algorithms to obtain the weak imbalance of the network.The simulation experiment results show that the calculation method in this paper can get the optimal solution faster.It provides an idea for the study of real and complex social networks.展开更多
This document presents an extension of the multiple factorial analysis to symbolic data and especially to space data. The analysis makes use of the characteristic coding method to obtain active individuals and the rec...This document presents an extension of the multiple factorial analysis to symbolic data and especially to space data. The analysis makes use of the characteristic coding method to obtain active individuals and the reconstitutive coding method for additional individuals in order to conserve the variability of assertion objects. Traditional analysis methods of the main components are applied to coded objects. Certain interpretation aids are presented after the coding process. This method was applied to poverty data.展开更多
This paper elucidates the effectiveness of combining the Poincare_Lighthill_Kuo method(PLK method, for short) and symbolic computation. Firstly, the idea and history of the PLK method are briefly introduced. Then, the...This paper elucidates the effectiveness of combining the Poincare_Lighthill_Kuo method(PLK method, for short) and symbolic computation. Firstly, the idea and history of the PLK method are briefly introduced. Then, the difficulty of intermediate expression swell, often encountered in symbolic computation, is outlined. For overcoming the difficulty, a semi_inverse algorithm was proposed by the author, with which the lengthy parts of intermediate expressions are first frozen in the form of symbols till the final stage of seeking perturbation solutions. To discuss the applications of the above algorithm, the related work of the author and his research group on nonlinear oscillations and waves is concisely reviewed. The computer_extended perturbation solution of the Duffing equation shows that the asymptotic solution obtained with the PLK method possesses the convergence radius of 1 and thus the range of validity of the solution is considerably enlarged. The studies on internal solitary waves in stratified fluid and on the head_on collision between two solitary waves in a hyperelastic rod indicate that by means of the presented methods, very complicated manipulation, unconceivable in hand calculation, can be conducted and thus result in higher_order evolution equations and asymptotic solutions. The examples illustrate that the algorithm helps to realize the symbolic computation on micro_commputers. Finally, it is concluded that with the aid of symbolic computation, the vitality of the PLK method is greatly strengthened and at least for the solutions to conservative systems of oscillations and waves, it is a powerful tool.展开更多
The maximum weighted matching problem in bipartite graphs is one of the classic combinatorial optimization problems, and arises in many different applications. Ordered binary decision diagram (OBDD) or algebraic decis...The maximum weighted matching problem in bipartite graphs is one of the classic combinatorial optimization problems, and arises in many different applications. Ordered binary decision diagram (OBDD) or algebraic decision diagram (ADD) or variants thereof provides canonical forms to represent and manipulate Boolean functions and pseudo-Boolean functions efficiently. ADD and OBDD-based symbolic algorithms give improved results for large-scale combinatorial optimization problems by searching nodes and edges implicitly. We present novel symbolic ADD formulation and algorithm for maximum weighted matching in bipartite graphs. The symbolic algorithm implements the Hungarian algorithm in the context of ADD and OBDD formulation and manipulations. It begins by setting feasible labelings of nodes and then iterates through a sequence of phases. Each phase is divided into two stages. The first stage is building equality bipartite graphs, and the second one is finding maximum cardinality matching in equality bipartite graph. The second stage iterates through the following steps: greedily searching initial matching, building layered network, backward traversing node-disjoint augmenting paths, updating cardinality matching and building residual network. The symbolic algorithm does not require explicit enumeration of the nodes and edges, and therefore can handle many complex executions in each step. Simulation experiments indicate that symbolic algorithm is competitive with traditional algorithms.展开更多
The feasibility of a parameter identification method based on symbolic time series analysis (STSA) and the adaptive immune clonal selection algorithm (AICSA) is studied. Data symbolization by using STSA alleviates the...The feasibility of a parameter identification method based on symbolic time series analysis (STSA) and the adaptive immune clonal selection algorithm (AICSA) is studied. Data symbolization by using STSA alleviates the effects of harmful noise in raw acceleration data. The effect of the parameters in STSA is theoretically evaluated and numerically verified. AICSA is employed to minimize the error between the state sequence histogram (SSH) that is transformed from raw acceleration data by STSA. The proposed methodology is evaluated by comparing it with AICSA using raw acceleration data. AICSA combining STSA is proved to be a powerful tool for identifying unknown parameters of structural systems even when the data is contaminated with relatively large amounts of noise.展开更多
In Tennessee Williams’masterpiece The Glass Menagerie,the most remarkable feature is considered to be the successful employment of symbolism.Through the textual analysis,this paper thus gives a systematic analysis of...In Tennessee Williams’masterpiece The Glass Menagerie,the most remarkable feature is considered to be the successful employment of symbolism.Through the textual analysis,this paper thus gives a systematic analysis of some important symbolic images in stage spectacle,including"lighting","screen","fire-escape","unicorn,""Jonquil"and"father’s photo."These symbols effectively highlight the theme—the collision between reality and dream,which vividly exposes the tragic living situation of the lower class in America during the Great Depression.展开更多
Dan Brown's best-seller, The Da Vinci Code is a classical union of thriller and intelligence, and he has a good command of the knowledge on cryptology, mathematics, religion, culture and art. In addition, he organ...Dan Brown's best-seller, The Da Vinci Code is a classical union of thriller and intelligence, and he has a good command of the knowledge on cryptology, mathematics, religion, culture and art. In addition, he organized his work fully with a large amount of information the public concerned and well-arranged them into the wonderful story.The protagonists of the book, Robert Langdon, the symbologist from Harvard and Sophie Neveu, the decode expert (The curator's granddaughter) have to solve the complicated secret by gradually investigating the strange codes and meet a series of dangerous situations. They find that what they're looking for may be a shocking secret while they solve the codes progressively during the fierce struggle with the mystery manipulator. The secret is the Holy Grail, which the Church tends to hide forever because it will destroy the faith.Therefore, this thesis will analyze the symbolic significance of Holy Grail in the book and the arguments on it against the author's viewpoint by observing related religious figures, religious phenomenon and religious organizations.展开更多
A systematic and comprehensive comparison of the five commonly used earth radii in geodesy and cartography is carried out,and the differences between the most common points of the earth radii,their corresponding maxim...A systematic and comprehensive comparison of the five commonly used earth radii in geodesy and cartography is carried out,and the differences between the most common points of the earth radii,their corresponding maximum values,and the latitudes of equal points between them are derived with the help of computer algebraic systems.The symbolic expressions are expressed as a power series of the first eccentricity.Taking the CGCS2000 ellipsoid as an example,the differences between the commonly used earth radii are clarified to numerical values.The results show that the difference between the commonly used earth radii has a maximum at 90 degrees and a minimum at 0 degree.The difference between the average radius of curvature and the rectifying sphere radius is the biggest,and the difference between the average radius of curvature and the average sphere radius is the smallest.These results can provide a theoretical basis for corresponding research in the geosciences,space science,navigation and positioning.展开更多
A symbolic computation method to decide whether the solutions to the system of linear partial differential equation is complete via using differential algebra and characteristic set is presented.This is a mechanizatio...A symbolic computation method to decide whether the solutions to the system of linear partial differential equation is complete via using differential algebra and characteristic set is presented.This is a mechanization method,and it can be carried out on the computer in the Maple environment.展开更多
To apply the fire modelling for the fire engineer with symbolic mathematics,the key equations of a zone model were demonstrated. There were thirteen variables with nine constraints,so only four ordinary differential e...To apply the fire modelling for the fire engineer with symbolic mathematics,the key equations of a zone model were demonstrated. There were thirteen variables with nine constraints,so only four ordinary differential equations (ODEs) were required to solve. A typical fire modelling with two-room structure was studied. Accordingly,the source terms included in the ODEs were simplified and modelled,and the fourth Runge-Kutta method was used to solve the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with symbolic mathematics. Then a zone model could be used with symbolic mathematics. It is proposed that symbolic mathematics is possible for use by fire engineer.展开更多
This paper extends symbolic dynamics to general cases. Some chaotic properties and applications of the general symbolic dynamics (∑(X),σ) and its special cases are discussed, where X is a separable metric space.
基金Supported by Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2022YFH0075)Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Performance Monitoring and Protecting of Rail Transit Infrastructure(Grant No.HJGZ2021113)Independent Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Traction Power(Grant No.2022TPL_T03).
文摘Machine learning(ML)has powerful nonlinear processing and multivariate learning capabilities,so it has been widely utilised in the fatigue field.However,most ML methods are inexplicable black-box models that are difficult to apply in engineering practice.Symbolic regression(SR)is an interpretable machine learning method for determining the optimal fitting equation for datasets.In this study,domain knowledge-guided SR was used to determine a new fatigue crack growth(FCG)rate model.Three terms of the variable subtree ofΔK,R-ratio,andΔK_(th)were obtained by analysing eight traditional semi-empirical FCG rate models.Based on the FCG rate test data from other literature,the SR model was constructed using Al-7055-T7511.It was subsequently extended to other alloys(Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al,Ti-6Al-4V,Cr-Mo-V,LC9cs,Al-6013-T651,and Al-2324-T3)using multiple linear regression.Compared with the three semi-empirical FCG rate models,the SR model yielded higher prediction accuracy.This result demonstrates the potential of domain knowledge-guided SR for building the FCG rate model.
基金This work is supported by Ministry of Higher Education(MOHE)through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)(FRGS/1/2020/STG06/UTHM/03/7).
文摘Radial Basis Function Neural Network(RBFNN)ensembles have long suffered from non-efficient training,where incorrect parameter settings can be computationally disastrous.This paper examines different evolutionary algorithms for training the Symbolic Radial Basis Function Neural Network(SRBFNN)through the behavior’s integration of satisfiability programming.Inspired by evolutionary algorithms,which can iteratively find the nearoptimal solution,different Evolutionary Algorithms(EAs)were designed to optimize the producer output weight of the SRBFNN that corresponds to the embedded logic programming 2Satisfiability representation(SRBFNN-2SAT).The SRBFNN’s objective function that corresponds to Satisfiability logic programming can be minimized by different algorithms,including Genetic Algorithm(GA),Evolution Strategy Algorithm(ES),Differential Evolution Algorithm(DE),and Evolutionary Programming Algorithm(EP).Each of these methods is presented in the steps in the flowchart form which can be used for its straightforward implementation in any programming language.With the use of SRBFNN-2SAT,a training method based on these algorithms has been presented,then training has been compared among algorithms,which were applied in Microsoft Visual C++software using multiple metrics of performance,including Mean Absolute Relative Error(MARE),Root Mean Square Error(RMSE),Mean Absolute Percentage Error(MAPE),Mean Bias Error(MBE),Systematic Error(SD),Schwarz Bayesian Criterion(SBC),and Central Process Unit time(CPU time).Based on the results,the EP algorithm achieved a higher training rate and simple structure compared with the rest of the algorithms.It has been confirmed that the EP algorithm is quite effective in training and obtaining the best output weight,accompanied by the slightest iteration error,which minimizes the objective function of SRBFNN-2SAT.
文摘Araby is a short story by the famous Irish stream-of-consciousness writer James Joyce.Through a series of images,the novel expresses the theme of the story:the“mental paralysis”of Dubliners and the“spiritual Epiphany”of the little boy,which reflects the spiritual barren of Dubliners at that time.Through the analysis of the symbolic meaning of many images in the work,this paper reveals the social background and religious significance hidden behind the images.
文摘The article explores the topic of symbolic expression in the physical elements that form urban public spaces.It is done by giving an overview and analysing spaces that hold a widely-recognised symbolic value.The author discusses the means of encoding and perceiving meanings in the spacial composition,physical form and materials of its elements,and other aspects that influence the sensory or psychological perception of the observer.At the same time,different theoretical approaches to the perception of space are discussed,addressing not only architectural theory but also the ideas proposed in the fields of philosophy,fenomenology and cultural studies.
文摘A Rose for Emily is one of William Faulkner's most famous short stories.Through the representing of patriarchy influence on Emily,Faulkner shows his readers Emily's tragic life.From the diverse meanings of the "Rose" to the debated themes,this story has been discussed before.This paper tries to analyze the three stages of Emily's struggle for love in order to represent the symbolism of the "Rose" from the perspective of feminism.It also represents the root of Emily's tragedy and the sympathy for the tragic fate of the Southern women.
文摘The Glass Menagerie which is written by Tennessee Williams got a great success in Chicago when it was produced in the year 1944.It told us a story happened in an extraordinary family.Each member in the family got their own defects in the personalities.Therefore,it resulted in the tragic ending.Here,the author will concentrate on the symbolic meanings used in the drama.
文摘Abstract:Stephen Crane was an outstanding American novelist,poet,and journalist.He achieved great success in his literary works during his brief career.Crane’s most well-known work,The Red Badge of Courage,is commonly believed to be the first great novel of the American Civil War,largely because of its vivid and detailed description of the experience of warfare.This paper analyzes the images of color,animal and machine,which convey Crane’s thoughts of war:war is full of chaos,brutality,and confusion,without any romantic elements or heroism.
文摘Crane’s most well-known work,The Red Badge of Courage,is commonly believed to be the first great novel of the American Civil War,largely because of its vivid and detailed description of the experience of warfare.This paper conveys figure images symbolize that human life is insignificant in an indifferent universe in the novel,which are perfect symbolic images distinguish Crane as a forerunner of modernistic writers.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(61772196,61472136)Hunan Provincial Focus Natural Science Fund(2020JJ4249)+4 种基金Key Project of Hunan Provincial Social Science Achievement Review Committee(XSP 19ZD1005)Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(CX20201074)Hunan Technology and Business University’s 2019 school-level degree and postgraduate education and teaching reform project(YJG2019YB13)The 2020 school-level teaching reform project of Hunan Technology and Business University(School Teaching Word[2020]No.15)Research Project of Degree and Postgraduate Education Reform in Hunan Province(2020JGYB234).
文摘The use of symbol attributes on the side of symbolic social networks to analyze,understand,and predict the topology,function,and dynamic behaviour of complex networks,and has important theoretical significance for personalized recommendations,attitude prediction,user feature analysis,and clustering and application value.However,due to the huge scale of online social networks,this poses a challenge to traditional symbolic social network analysis methods.Based on the theory of structural equilibrium,this paper studies the evolutionary dynamics of symbolic social networks,proposes the energy function of weak structural equilibrium theory,and uses the evolution of evolutionary algorithms to obtain the weak imbalance of the network.The simulation experiment results show that the calculation method in this paper can get the optimal solution faster.It provides an idea for the study of real and complex social networks.
文摘This document presents an extension of the multiple factorial analysis to symbolic data and especially to space data. The analysis makes use of the characteristic coding method to obtain active individuals and the reconstitutive coding method for additional individuals in order to conserve the variability of assertion objects. Traditional analysis methods of the main components are applied to coded objects. Certain interpretation aids are presented after the coding process. This method was applied to poverty data.
文摘This paper elucidates the effectiveness of combining the Poincare_Lighthill_Kuo method(PLK method, for short) and symbolic computation. Firstly, the idea and history of the PLK method are briefly introduced. Then, the difficulty of intermediate expression swell, often encountered in symbolic computation, is outlined. For overcoming the difficulty, a semi_inverse algorithm was proposed by the author, with which the lengthy parts of intermediate expressions are first frozen in the form of symbols till the final stage of seeking perturbation solutions. To discuss the applications of the above algorithm, the related work of the author and his research group on nonlinear oscillations and waves is concisely reviewed. The computer_extended perturbation solution of the Duffing equation shows that the asymptotic solution obtained with the PLK method possesses the convergence radius of 1 and thus the range of validity of the solution is considerably enlarged. The studies on internal solitary waves in stratified fluid and on the head_on collision between two solitary waves in a hyperelastic rod indicate that by means of the presented methods, very complicated manipulation, unconceivable in hand calculation, can be conducted and thus result in higher_order evolution equations and asymptotic solutions. The examples illustrate that the algorithm helps to realize the symbolic computation on micro_commputers. Finally, it is concluded that with the aid of symbolic computation, the vitality of the PLK method is greatly strengthened and at least for the solutions to conservative systems of oscillations and waves, it is a powerful tool.
文摘The maximum weighted matching problem in bipartite graphs is one of the classic combinatorial optimization problems, and arises in many different applications. Ordered binary decision diagram (OBDD) or algebraic decision diagram (ADD) or variants thereof provides canonical forms to represent and manipulate Boolean functions and pseudo-Boolean functions efficiently. ADD and OBDD-based symbolic algorithms give improved results for large-scale combinatorial optimization problems by searching nodes and edges implicitly. We present novel symbolic ADD formulation and algorithm for maximum weighted matching in bipartite graphs. The symbolic algorithm implements the Hungarian algorithm in the context of ADD and OBDD formulation and manipulations. It begins by setting feasible labelings of nodes and then iterates through a sequence of phases. Each phase is divided into two stages. The first stage is building equality bipartite graphs, and the second one is finding maximum cardinality matching in equality bipartite graph. The second stage iterates through the following steps: greedily searching initial matching, building layered network, backward traversing node-disjoint augmenting paths, updating cardinality matching and building residual network. The symbolic algorithm does not require explicit enumeration of the nodes and edges, and therefore can handle many complex executions in each step. Simulation experiments indicate that symbolic algorithm is competitive with traditional algorithms.
文摘The feasibility of a parameter identification method based on symbolic time series analysis (STSA) and the adaptive immune clonal selection algorithm (AICSA) is studied. Data symbolization by using STSA alleviates the effects of harmful noise in raw acceleration data. The effect of the parameters in STSA is theoretically evaluated and numerically verified. AICSA is employed to minimize the error between the state sequence histogram (SSH) that is transformed from raw acceleration data by STSA. The proposed methodology is evaluated by comparing it with AICSA using raw acceleration data. AICSA combining STSA is proved to be a powerful tool for identifying unknown parameters of structural systems even when the data is contaminated with relatively large amounts of noise.
文摘In Tennessee Williams’masterpiece The Glass Menagerie,the most remarkable feature is considered to be the successful employment of symbolism.Through the textual analysis,this paper thus gives a systematic analysis of some important symbolic images in stage spectacle,including"lighting","screen","fire-escape","unicorn,""Jonquil"and"father’s photo."These symbols effectively highlight the theme—the collision between reality and dream,which vividly exposes the tragic living situation of the lower class in America during the Great Depression.
文摘Dan Brown's best-seller, The Da Vinci Code is a classical union of thriller and intelligence, and he has a good command of the knowledge on cryptology, mathematics, religion, culture and art. In addition, he organized his work fully with a large amount of information the public concerned and well-arranged them into the wonderful story.The protagonists of the book, Robert Langdon, the symbologist from Harvard and Sophie Neveu, the decode expert (The curator's granddaughter) have to solve the complicated secret by gradually investigating the strange codes and meet a series of dangerous situations. They find that what they're looking for may be a shocking secret while they solve the codes progressively during the fierce struggle with the mystery manipulator. The secret is the Holy Grail, which the Church tends to hide forever because it will destroy the faith.Therefore, this thesis will analyze the symbolic significance of Holy Grail in the book and the arguments on it against the author's viewpoint by observing related religious figures, religious phenomenon and religious organizations.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41771487,41971416,41871376)Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hubei Province of China(No.2019CFA086)。
文摘A systematic and comprehensive comparison of the five commonly used earth radii in geodesy and cartography is carried out,and the differences between the most common points of the earth radii,their corresponding maximum values,and the latitudes of equal points between them are derived with the help of computer algebraic systems.The symbolic expressions are expressed as a power series of the first eccentricity.Taking the CGCS2000 ellipsoid as an example,the differences between the commonly used earth radii are clarified to numerical values.The results show that the difference between the commonly used earth radii has a maximum at 90 degrees and a minimum at 0 degree.The difference between the average radius of curvature and the rectifying sphere radius is the biggest,and the difference between the average radius of curvature and the average sphere radius is the smallest.These results can provide a theoretical basis for corresponding research in the geosciences,space science,navigation and positioning.
文摘A symbolic computation method to decide whether the solutions to the system of linear partial differential equation is complete via using differential algebra and characteristic set is presented.This is a mechanization method,and it can be carried out on the computer in the Maple environment.
基金Project(PolyU B-Q01e) supported by the Research Project "Onsetting of Internal Fire Whirls in Buildings and Associated Safet Provision"
文摘To apply the fire modelling for the fire engineer with symbolic mathematics,the key equations of a zone model were demonstrated. There were thirteen variables with nine constraints,so only four ordinary differential equations (ODEs) were required to solve. A typical fire modelling with two-room structure was studied. Accordingly,the source terms included in the ODEs were simplified and modelled,and the fourth Runge-Kutta method was used to solve the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with symbolic mathematics. Then a zone model could be used with symbolic mathematics. It is proposed that symbolic mathematics is possible for use by fire engineer.
文摘This paper extends symbolic dynamics to general cases. Some chaotic properties and applications of the general symbolic dynamics (∑(X),σ) and its special cases are discussed, where X is a separable metric space.
