Context/objectives: The fight against Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is a long-term undertaking, which requires available, motivated and well-managed human resources (HR). The administrative management of sk...Context/objectives: The fight against Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is a long-term undertaking, which requires available, motivated and well-managed human resources (HR). The administrative management of skills on both qualitative and quantitative levels is one of the essential functions of a health system. To better implement policies of fight against High Blood Pressure (HBP) and other chronic diseases, it is important to establish strategies to retain health personnel. This loyalty requires favorable working conditions and consideration of the contribution-reward couple. Good working conditions are likely to reduce the phenomenon of medical nomadism;conversely, poor HR management can contribute to their exodus towards exotic “green pastures”, thus leading to an additional crisis in the Cameroonian health system. The fight against HBP is a complex, multifaceted and multifactorial reality that requires appropriate management model for all types of resources mainly HR. The main objective of this research is to show the impact of poor management of human resources in Cameroon health system on medical nomadism and the ineffectiveness of the fight against High Blood Pressure. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive survey among five hundred (500) health facilities in the center region of Cameroon has been conducted. A stratified probabilistic technique has been used, and the number of health facilities to be surveyed has been determined using the “sample size estimation table” of Depelteau. The physical questionnaires have been printed and then distributed to data collectors. After data collection, the latter were grouped during processing in Excel sheets. The Chi-square test was used for data with a qualitative value and that of Kolmogorov-Sminorf for data with a quantitative value to assess the normality and reliability of data. The Crochach’s Alpha reliability test allowed us to have a summary of the means and variances and then to search for intragroup correlations between variables. Descriptive analysis was possible with the XLSTAT 2016 software. Results: 43.60% of Health Facilities (HF) managers were unqualified. 82.20% of HF managers have staff in a situation of professional insecurity. They are mainly contractual (49.00), decision-making agents (24.40%), casual agents (08.80). The proportion of unstable personnel is average of 22.00% and very unstable, 12.00%.展开更多
The medical metaverse and digital twin are set to revolutionise healthcare.Like all emerging technologies their benefits must be weighed against their ethical and social,impacts.If we consider the advances of medical ...The medical metaverse and digital twin are set to revolutionise healthcare.Like all emerging technologies their benefits must be weighed against their ethical and social,impacts.If we consider the advances of medical technology as an expression of our values,such as the pursuit of knowledge,cures and healing,an ethical study allows us to align our values and steer the technology towards an agreed goal.However,to appreciate the long-term consequents of a technology,those consequences must be considered in the context of a society already shaped by that technology.This paper identifies the technologies currently shaping society and considers the ethical,and social consequences of the medical metaverse and digital twin in that future society.展开更多
Generative AI,represented by GPT(Generative Pre-trained Transformer),is now leading the technological revolution and is reconstructing the journalism and communication industries'ecosystems because of its powerful...Generative AI,represented by GPT(Generative Pre-trained Transformer),is now leading the technological revolution and is reconstructing the journalism and communication industries'ecosystems because of its powerful generative capacity and diverse range of outputs.While GPT is busy revolutionizing and innovating the production of news content,working patterns,and operation modes,it has also given rise to ethical concerns in regard to news authenticity,data security,humanistic values,and other related aspects.Therefore,it is imperative to initiate strategies and approaches,such as establishing a mechanism for verifying information authenticity,enhancing data security and privacy regulations,and instituting an ethical supervision and governance framework for AI,in order to facilitate the systematic advancement of AI-based news production while reinstating public trust.展开更多
This paper explores the ethical challenges encountered by business English interpreters using Chesterman’s Model of Translation Ethics,set against the context of economic globalization and the“Belt and Road”initiat...This paper explores the ethical challenges encountered by business English interpreters using Chesterman’s Model of Translation Ethics,set against the context of economic globalization and the“Belt and Road”initiative.With the increasing demand for interpreters,the paper delves into the ongoing discussion about the role of AI in translation and its limitations,especially concerning cultural subtleties and ethical issues.It highlights the importance of human interpreters’cross-cultural understanding and the ethical principles that inform their work,such as the Ethics of Representation,Service,Communication,Norm-based Ethics,and Commitment.Moreover,the paper examines how these ethical models are applied in practical business situations,including business banquets,business negotiations,business talks and business visits,etc.,and investigates the cultural misunderstandings that may occur during these interactions.The study concludes that although AI provides efficiency and cost savings,human interpreters are essential for their capacity to handle the intricacies of cross-cultural communication with cultural awareness and ethical discernment.展开更多
Applied ethics finds application in all spheres of social life,one of which is the field of library and information science.Ethics is an important pillar contributing to the systematic order of the library and its col...Applied ethics finds application in all spheres of social life,one of which is the field of library and information science.Ethics is an important pillar contributing to the systematic order of the library and its collection.Ethical principles are contained in key documents such as the Librarian’s Code of Ethics,partly in the Library(Lending)Regulations,and should therefore be adopted by every member of staff.The library profession consists not only of working with information,namely making it available,but also of setting up effective communication towards users(readers)in the form of defining optimal solutions eliminating the problems that arise.The aim of our efforts is to capture the most common problems that arise from misunderstandings between librarian and user(reader)and to make clear what specific role ethical values play in library and information practice.展开更多
Ethical principles form a bedrock to medical practice in any specialty,guiding physicians to appropriate attitudes and behaviors.A formal ethics curriculum can be difficult to generate de novo in an ophthalmology trai...Ethical principles form a bedrock to medical practice in any specialty,guiding physicians to appropriate attitudes and behaviors.A formal ethics curriculum can be difficult to generate de novo in an ophthalmology training program.A number of barriers exist in most ophthalmology departments:trainees may think ethics is of secondary importance compared to core basic and clinical science topics;most ophthalmology faculty have no formal degree in medical ethics;there is limited didactic time with competing academic,clinical,and surgical priorities;work-hours regulations may limit the time available to deliver“para-professional”lectures;and there is a belief that the medical ethics lectures during medical school is a sufficient amount of coursework to last through a physician’s career with no need for continuing professional development.The four pillars of medical ethics are beneficence,non-maleficence,autonomy,and justice.In addition,morals,ethics,and professionalism are important aspects of sound medical practice.A curriculum specific to medical ethics in ophthalmology can be developed in any of our sub-specialties and include lectures,curated readings,case rounds,and clinic wrap-up sessions.Ethical considerations are part of everyday clinical practice,and a structured ethics curriculum can be incorporated into ophthalmology training programs.The concept of backward design can be used to structure the curriculum,starting with the expected outcome,then designing authentic assessments,and finally putting together a learning plan that has students actively involved in ethical discussions.This paper will provide a guide to developing an ethics curriculum for an ophthalmology training program utilizing the concept of backwards design and guide the reader through the process of developing expected learning outcomes,authentic assessments,and a unified learning plan.展开更多
University teachers play an important role in promoting moral and political education among university students.Regular and long-term construction of teachers’morality and ethics will contribute to the success of the...University teachers play an important role in promoting moral and political education among university students.Regular and long-term construction of teachers’morality and ethics will contribute to the success of the fundamental task of cultivating talents.The present study proposes that due to the multiple identities of university teachers,it is necessary to evaluate the construction of teachers’morality and ethics in terms of what to evaluate and how to evaluate?It is expected that the attempt will provide useful guidance for the construction of university teachers’morality and ethics.展开更多
“Cultivating people by virtue”has become the foundation of China’s education,and is the top priority of college education.“Only the learned can become teachers,and only those who behave properly can become role mo...“Cultivating people by virtue”has become the foundation of China’s education,and is the top priority of college education.“Only the learned can become teachers,and only those who behave properly can become role models”.The construction of teachers’ethics in colleges and universities is the premise of realizing the fundamental task of moral education,the need of teachers,the key to realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,and it is also the way to correct the bad atmosphere in colleges and universities.In the construction of teachers’ethics,teachers should understand their roles and improve their professional ethics,schools should improve the guarantee system of teachers’ethics construction,meanwhile,improve the status of teachers and create a social environment of respecting teachers and valuing teachers.展开更多
Introduction: Nursing ethical sensitivity refers to a nurse’s capacity for thoughtful consideration of ethical issues when faced with dilemmas. In the nursing domain, ethical dilemmas arise when nurses face challenge...Introduction: Nursing ethical sensitivity refers to a nurse’s capacity for thoughtful consideration of ethical issues when faced with dilemmas. In the nursing domain, ethical dilemmas arise when nurses face challenges in making sound ethical decisions during clinical practice. These challenges may stem from conflicts between personal values and professional responsibilities. Methodology: Articles downloaded from Pub Med, CNKI, and Google Scholar were reviewed. Results: After rigorous screening, a meticulous analysis was conducted, encompassing 10 articles and involving a substantial cohort of 2863 participants. Existing literature revealed variations in the ethical dilemmas faced by nurses across different departments. The ethical sensitivity of nurses also varies, with higher ethical sensitivity correlating with stronger empathetic abilities. Zhen et al. classified the causes of ethical dilemmas into four main categories: (1) Ethical dilemmas arising from personal reasons of nursing students;(2) Ethical dilemmas stemming from the actions of teachers;(3) Ethical dilemmas triggered by patients;(4) Ethical dilemmas resulting from miscellaneous reasons. Conclusion: According to literature findings, nursing ethical sensitivity was positively linked to the nurse’s ethical decision-making ability. A case study-oriented teaching program has proven effective in enhancing ethical sensitivity among nursing students.展开更多
The traditional mainstream of political philosophy establishes its thoughts on the subjectivity of“I”,which also formats its ethics of justice and freedom on the ground of selfness for itself and by itself.Political...The traditional mainstream of political philosophy establishes its thoughts on the subjectivity of“I”,which also formats its ethics of justice and freedom on the ground of selfness for itself and by itself.Political philosophers also incline to generalize and neutralize in labelling persons into the abstract concepts which ignore their particularity and diversity;as a result,this led to devastative consequence politically for the other,and also jeopardized the“I”.Hence Emmanuel Levinas provides his solution to this dilemma in an attempt to put the ethics of justice on the ground of the other.Justice for the other is the starting point for the political ethics.The other is the absolute infinity which cannot be encompassed by any conceptual generalization.It is otherness of the other that actually constitutes the selfness of“I”.The freedom of the other guarantees the freedom of“I”.Human being is initially ethical being.Justice for the other is the real foundation in securing justice for“I”.This mutual horizon of the other and I has primitive implication for the genuine ethics.展开更多
Corporate ethics and sustainable development are receiving increasing attention in today’s society.More and more companies are realizing that ethical and sustainable development is not only a requirement for fulfilli...Corporate ethics and sustainable development are receiving increasing attention in today’s society.More and more companies are realizing that ethical and sustainable development is not only a requirement for fulfilling social responsibility but also a key factor for achieving long-term growth and sustainable competitive advantage.As a result,companies are integrating ethics and sustainability into their strategies,decisions,and operations to achieve both business success and social benefit.However,some companies shout sustainability and environmental protection slogans;the actual practice differs from the claim.This paper combined the planning and actual data of the Coca-Cola Company and found that the Coca-Cola Company was suspected of greenwashing.While Coca-Cola does contribute to the environment,there is a difference between what it does and what it says.As for the possibility of this problem,the article also makes a relative solution and assessment.展开更多
In the digital age,traditional media ethics norms lack sufficient explanatory power and binding force in practice.This paper uses the“Primary School Student Lost Homework in Paris”incident as a case study to explore...In the digital age,traditional media ethics norms lack sufficient explanatory power and binding force in practice.This paper uses the“Primary School Student Lost Homework in Paris”incident as a case study to explore the ethical controversies surrounding the dissemination of this event.By adopting a hierarchical media ethics perspective,the paper dynamically examines the ethical conduct of various communicators,elucidates the ethical responsibilities of each party involved,and reveals the complexity of communication ethics in the digital age.展开更多
This paper takes the long-term mechanism exploration of the construction of teachers’ethics in the new era under the concept of“Sanquan education,”aiming to explore how to establish a long-term mechanism of the con...This paper takes the long-term mechanism exploration of the construction of teachers’ethics in the new era under the concept of“Sanquan education,”aiming to explore how to establish a long-term mechanism of the construction to meet the needs of college education development under the background of the new era.A series of targeted measures and suggestions are put forward,including improving the system and mechanism,strengthening the education and training of teachers’ethics,and establishing the evaluation and assessment mechanism.The implementation of these measures can promote the formation of the long-term mechanism of the construction of teachers’ethics in colleges and universities,improve teachers’ethics and behavior quality,and provide strong support for the development of education in colleges and universities.展开更多
There are costs for doing the right thing,but regret is not one of those costs.I learned this lesson the hard way throughout a 42-year engineering career.As a young engineer,raising a family,I was more adaptable to ma...There are costs for doing the right thing,but regret is not one of those costs.I learned this lesson the hard way throughout a 42-year engineering career.As a young engineer,raising a family,I was more adaptable to management mandates,i.e.,I was more willing to be unethical to keep my job to make money and have health insurance for my family.As I grew in age,experience,and stamina,I was less adaptable,i.e.,I was more ethical.This article tells this story through events at various times in my engineering career1.Ethics define how we do the right thing.展开更多
The objectives of this article are as follows: 1) to propose a university research ethics system framework, 2) to provide a brief anatomy of the Meru University of Science and Technology (MUST) Institutional Research ...The objectives of this article are as follows: 1) to propose a university research ethics system framework, 2) to provide a brief anatomy of the Meru University of Science and Technology (MUST) Institutional Research Ethics Review Committee (MIRERC), 3) to perform a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis of MIRERC, and 4) to make recommendations for improving its performance. The 13-member multi-disciplinary MIRERC was established in April 2017 to provide effective ethical oversight of research undertaken by the University’s scholarly community. Strengths of the MUST research ethics review system include a functional MIRERC, a pertinent national law and ethical guidelines, an Innovation and Enterprise Centre that could house a dedicated MIRERC Secretariat, and a supportive University Management Board. The weaknesses include lack of graduate schools to assure scientific rigor of proposals before submission to the MIRERC, lack of research ethics training in most school’s curricula, absence of a dedicated MIRERC Secretariat, undergraduate research proposals being not ethically reviewed, dearth of faculty trained in research ethics, and lack of an operating budget for MIRERC work. The opportunities include existence of about 22 accredited Institutional Research Ethics Review Committees (IRERC) in Kenya, existence of international standards and operational guidance for ethics review, availability of guidelines and codes of best ethical practices in research, existence of a free automated platform called Research for Health Innovation Organizer (RHInnO) Ethics for managing the ethics review process, and availability of external resources for strengthening IRERCs. In order to improve the performance and sustainability of the MUST research ethics system, there is need to include research ethics training in all undergraduate and post-graduate curricula, create a dynamic database of potential research ethics reviewers, allocate a percentage of the annual MUST research budget for MIRERC operations, charge a graduated fee for proposal ethics review, require all students’ and faculties’ internal and external research proposals be cleared by the MIRERC, and use the RHInnO Ethics platform to manage the ethics review process.展开更多
The Internet of Things promises to offer numerous societal benefits by providing a spectrum of user applications.However,ethical ramifications of adopting such pervasive technology on a society-wide scale have not bee...The Internet of Things promises to offer numerous societal benefits by providing a spectrum of user applications.However,ethical ramifications of adopting such pervasive technology on a society-wide scale have not been adequately considered.Smart things endowed with artificial intelligence may carry out decisions that entail ethical consequences.It is assumed that the functioning of a smart device does not involve any ethical responsibility vis-a-vis its application context.Such a perspective may precipitate situations that endanger essential human values or cause physical or emotional harm.Therefore,it is necessary to consider the design of ethics within intelligent systems to safeguard human interests.In order to address these concerns,we propose a novel method based on Boolean algebra that enables a machine to exhibit varying ethical behaviour by employing the concept of ethics categories and ethics modes.Such enhancement of smart things offers a way to design ethically compliant smart devices and paves way for human friendly technology ecosystems.展开更多
It is imperative that all stakeholders within the research ecosystem take responsibility to improve research integrity and reliability of published research.Based on the unique experiences of a specialist publishing e...It is imperative that all stakeholders within the research ecosystem take responsibility to improve research integrity and reliability of published research.Based on the unique experiences of a specialist publishing ethics and research integrity team within a major publisher,this article provides insights into the observed trends of misconduct and how those have evolved over time,and addresses key actions needed to improve the interface between researchers,funders,institutions and publishers to collectively improve research integrity on a global scale.展开更多
Digital systems have changed our world and will continue to change it. Supportive government policy, a strong research base and history of industrial success place the benefits of an emerging digital society. Protecti...Digital systems have changed our world and will continue to change it. Supportive government policy, a strong research base and history of industrial success place the benefits of an emerging digital society. Protecting benefits and minimizing risks requires reliable and robust cyber security, backed by a robust research and translation system. Trust is essential for growth and maintenance of participation in the digital community. Organizations gain trust by acting in a trustworthy way leading to building reliable and secure systems, treating people, their privacy and their data with respect, and providing reliable and understandable information to help people understand how safe they are. Research and revolution in industry and academia will continue to make important contributions to create flexible and reliable digital environment. Cyber Security has </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">main role in the field of information technology because securing information has become one of the greatest challenges today. When we think about the cyber security, the first thing that comes to our mind is “cyber crimes” which </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> increasing exponentially day by day. Many governments and firms are taking many measures to prevent these cybercrimes. Besides the various measures, cyber security remains a major concern. This paper intended to give </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">deep overview of the concepts and principles of cyber security that affect the safety and security in an international context. It mainly focuses on challenges faced by cyber security on the latest technologies and focuses also on introducing security types, cyber security techniques, cyber security ethics, trends that change the face of cyber security and finally attempting to solve one of the most serious cyber security crimes of violating privacy on the internet by improving the security of sensitive personal information (SPI) in Cyber-physical systems using a selected proposed algorithm that analyzes the user’s information resources and determines the valid data to be encrypted, then uses adaptive acquisition methods to collect the information and finally a new cryptographic method is used to complete SPI secure encryption according to acquisition results as described in details in Section 4.展开更多
Capability Accreditation Program(CAP) of Ethics Review System for Chinese Medicine Research of World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies(WFCMS) is the first certification project in the field of Chinese medicine ...Capability Accreditation Program(CAP) of Ethics Review System for Chinese Medicine Research of World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies(WFCMS) is the first certification project in the field of Chinese medicine research on ethics review. Based on the Requirements for Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Human, ethical review system for Chinese medicine research was established and standardized from 4 aspects, such as organization, ethics committee, office of the ethics committee, and researchers. The period of CAP certification is three years, which include certification application and acceptance, initial certification(document review, on-site audit), certification decision, and supervision audit. The implementation of the CAP certification is of great importance for upgrading the research on ethics review system of Chinese medicine, which promotes the development of the research on ethics review system in China and the continuous improvement of the ability of the Chinese medicine research on ethics review.展开更多
The System of Dr.Tarr and Prof.Fether,written by American Romantic novelist Edgar Allan Poe,is regarded as a classic of absurd humorous short story.On this basis,director Brad Anderson adapted it into the movie Stoneh...The System of Dr.Tarr and Prof.Fether,written by American Romantic novelist Edgar Allan Poe,is regarded as a classic of absurd humorous short story.On this basis,director Brad Anderson adapted it into the movie Stonehearst Asylum.There are some differences between the text and film in space-time,characters,plots,themes,and ultimate artistic principles,reflecting the choices between ethics and aesthetics.展开更多
文摘Context/objectives: The fight against Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is a long-term undertaking, which requires available, motivated and well-managed human resources (HR). The administrative management of skills on both qualitative and quantitative levels is one of the essential functions of a health system. To better implement policies of fight against High Blood Pressure (HBP) and other chronic diseases, it is important to establish strategies to retain health personnel. This loyalty requires favorable working conditions and consideration of the contribution-reward couple. Good working conditions are likely to reduce the phenomenon of medical nomadism;conversely, poor HR management can contribute to their exodus towards exotic “green pastures”, thus leading to an additional crisis in the Cameroonian health system. The fight against HBP is a complex, multifaceted and multifactorial reality that requires appropriate management model for all types of resources mainly HR. The main objective of this research is to show the impact of poor management of human resources in Cameroon health system on medical nomadism and the ineffectiveness of the fight against High Blood Pressure. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive survey among five hundred (500) health facilities in the center region of Cameroon has been conducted. A stratified probabilistic technique has been used, and the number of health facilities to be surveyed has been determined using the “sample size estimation table” of Depelteau. The physical questionnaires have been printed and then distributed to data collectors. After data collection, the latter were grouped during processing in Excel sheets. The Chi-square test was used for data with a qualitative value and that of Kolmogorov-Sminorf for data with a quantitative value to assess the normality and reliability of data. The Crochach’s Alpha reliability test allowed us to have a summary of the means and variances and then to search for intragroup correlations between variables. Descriptive analysis was possible with the XLSTAT 2016 software. Results: 43.60% of Health Facilities (HF) managers were unqualified. 82.20% of HF managers have staff in a situation of professional insecurity. They are mainly contractual (49.00), decision-making agents (24.40%), casual agents (08.80). The proportion of unstable personnel is average of 22.00% and very unstable, 12.00%.
文摘The medical metaverse and digital twin are set to revolutionise healthcare.Like all emerging technologies their benefits must be weighed against their ethical and social,impacts.If we consider the advances of medical technology as an expression of our values,such as the pursuit of knowledge,cures and healing,an ethical study allows us to align our values and steer the technology towards an agreed goal.However,to appreciate the long-term consequents of a technology,those consequences must be considered in the context of a society already shaped by that technology.This paper identifies the technologies currently shaping society and considers the ethical,and social consequences of the medical metaverse and digital twin in that future society.
基金the phased achievement of the subject“Research on Deepening the Construction of‘Smart Chengdu’and Enhancing the Governance Efficiency of Megacities” (2023CS120)a key project under Chengdu’s Philosophy and Social Science Planning Program for 2023。
文摘Generative AI,represented by GPT(Generative Pre-trained Transformer),is now leading the technological revolution and is reconstructing the journalism and communication industries'ecosystems because of its powerful generative capacity and diverse range of outputs.While GPT is busy revolutionizing and innovating the production of news content,working patterns,and operation modes,it has also given rise to ethical concerns in regard to news authenticity,data security,humanistic values,and other related aspects.Therefore,it is imperative to initiate strategies and approaches,such as establishing a mechanism for verifying information authenticity,enhancing data security and privacy regulations,and instituting an ethical supervision and governance framework for AI,in order to facilitate the systematic advancement of AI-based news production while reinstating public trust.
基金this paper is funded by Project:Teaching and Research Section of Business English Translation Course,Guangzhou Institute of Business and Technology,Quality Engineering Project (ZL 20211121).
文摘This paper explores the ethical challenges encountered by business English interpreters using Chesterman’s Model of Translation Ethics,set against the context of economic globalization and the“Belt and Road”initiative.With the increasing demand for interpreters,the paper delves into the ongoing discussion about the role of AI in translation and its limitations,especially concerning cultural subtleties and ethical issues.It highlights the importance of human interpreters’cross-cultural understanding and the ethical principles that inform their work,such as the Ethics of Representation,Service,Communication,Norm-based Ethics,and Commitment.Moreover,the paper examines how these ethical models are applied in practical business situations,including business banquets,business negotiations,business talks and business visits,etc.,and investigates the cultural misunderstandings that may occur during these interactions.The study concludes that although AI provides efficiency and cost savings,human interpreters are essential for their capacity to handle the intricacies of cross-cultural communication with cultural awareness and ethical discernment.
文摘Applied ethics finds application in all spheres of social life,one of which is the field of library and information science.Ethics is an important pillar contributing to the systematic order of the library and its collection.Ethical principles are contained in key documents such as the Librarian’s Code of Ethics,partly in the Library(Lending)Regulations,and should therefore be adopted by every member of staff.The library profession consists not only of working with information,namely making it available,but also of setting up effective communication towards users(readers)in the form of defining optimal solutions eliminating the problems that arise.The aim of our efforts is to capture the most common problems that arise from misunderstandings between librarian and user(reader)and to make clear what specific role ethical values play in library and information practice.
基金supported by an unrestricted Research to Prevent Blindness grant.
文摘Ethical principles form a bedrock to medical practice in any specialty,guiding physicians to appropriate attitudes and behaviors.A formal ethics curriculum can be difficult to generate de novo in an ophthalmology training program.A number of barriers exist in most ophthalmology departments:trainees may think ethics is of secondary importance compared to core basic and clinical science topics;most ophthalmology faculty have no formal degree in medical ethics;there is limited didactic time with competing academic,clinical,and surgical priorities;work-hours regulations may limit the time available to deliver“para-professional”lectures;and there is a belief that the medical ethics lectures during medical school is a sufficient amount of coursework to last through a physician’s career with no need for continuing professional development.The four pillars of medical ethics are beneficence,non-maleficence,autonomy,and justice.In addition,morals,ethics,and professionalism are important aspects of sound medical practice.A curriculum specific to medical ethics in ophthalmology can be developed in any of our sub-specialties and include lectures,curated readings,case rounds,and clinic wrap-up sessions.Ethical considerations are part of everyday clinical practice,and a structured ethics curriculum can be incorporated into ophthalmology training programs.The concept of backward design can be used to structure the curriculum,starting with the expected outcome,then designing authentic assessments,and finally putting together a learning plan that has students actively involved in ethical discussions.This paper will provide a guide to developing an ethics curriculum for an ophthalmology training program utilizing the concept of backwards design and guide the reader through the process of developing expected learning outcomes,authentic assessments,and a unified learning plan.
文摘University teachers play an important role in promoting moral and political education among university students.Regular and long-term construction of teachers’morality and ethics will contribute to the success of the fundamental task of cultivating talents.The present study proposes that due to the multiple identities of university teachers,it is necessary to evaluate the construction of teachers’morality and ethics in terms of what to evaluate and how to evaluate?It is expected that the attempt will provide useful guidance for the construction of university teachers’morality and ethics.
文摘“Cultivating people by virtue”has become the foundation of China’s education,and is the top priority of college education.“Only the learned can become teachers,and only those who behave properly can become role models”.The construction of teachers’ethics in colleges and universities is the premise of realizing the fundamental task of moral education,the need of teachers,the key to realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,and it is also the way to correct the bad atmosphere in colleges and universities.In the construction of teachers’ethics,teachers should understand their roles and improve their professional ethics,schools should improve the guarantee system of teachers’ethics construction,meanwhile,improve the status of teachers and create a social environment of respecting teachers and valuing teachers.
文摘Introduction: Nursing ethical sensitivity refers to a nurse’s capacity for thoughtful consideration of ethical issues when faced with dilemmas. In the nursing domain, ethical dilemmas arise when nurses face challenges in making sound ethical decisions during clinical practice. These challenges may stem from conflicts between personal values and professional responsibilities. Methodology: Articles downloaded from Pub Med, CNKI, and Google Scholar were reviewed. Results: After rigorous screening, a meticulous analysis was conducted, encompassing 10 articles and involving a substantial cohort of 2863 participants. Existing literature revealed variations in the ethical dilemmas faced by nurses across different departments. The ethical sensitivity of nurses also varies, with higher ethical sensitivity correlating with stronger empathetic abilities. Zhen et al. classified the causes of ethical dilemmas into four main categories: (1) Ethical dilemmas arising from personal reasons of nursing students;(2) Ethical dilemmas stemming from the actions of teachers;(3) Ethical dilemmas triggered by patients;(4) Ethical dilemmas resulting from miscellaneous reasons. Conclusion: According to literature findings, nursing ethical sensitivity was positively linked to the nurse’s ethical decision-making ability. A case study-oriented teaching program has proven effective in enhancing ethical sensitivity among nursing students.
文摘The traditional mainstream of political philosophy establishes its thoughts on the subjectivity of“I”,which also formats its ethics of justice and freedom on the ground of selfness for itself and by itself.Political philosophers also incline to generalize and neutralize in labelling persons into the abstract concepts which ignore their particularity and diversity;as a result,this led to devastative consequence politically for the other,and also jeopardized the“I”.Hence Emmanuel Levinas provides his solution to this dilemma in an attempt to put the ethics of justice on the ground of the other.Justice for the other is the starting point for the political ethics.The other is the absolute infinity which cannot be encompassed by any conceptual generalization.It is otherness of the other that actually constitutes the selfness of“I”.The freedom of the other guarantees the freedom of“I”.Human being is initially ethical being.Justice for the other is the real foundation in securing justice for“I”.This mutual horizon of the other and I has primitive implication for the genuine ethics.
文摘Corporate ethics and sustainable development are receiving increasing attention in today’s society.More and more companies are realizing that ethical and sustainable development is not only a requirement for fulfilling social responsibility but also a key factor for achieving long-term growth and sustainable competitive advantage.As a result,companies are integrating ethics and sustainability into their strategies,decisions,and operations to achieve both business success and social benefit.However,some companies shout sustainability and environmental protection slogans;the actual practice differs from the claim.This paper combined the planning and actual data of the Coca-Cola Company and found that the Coca-Cola Company was suspected of greenwashing.While Coca-Cola does contribute to the environment,there is a difference between what it does and what it says.As for the possibility of this problem,the article also makes a relative solution and assessment.
文摘In the digital age,traditional media ethics norms lack sufficient explanatory power and binding force in practice.This paper uses the“Primary School Student Lost Homework in Paris”incident as a case study to explore the ethical controversies surrounding the dissemination of this event.By adopting a hierarchical media ethics perspective,the paper dynamically examines the ethical conduct of various communicators,elucidates the ethical responsibilities of each party involved,and reveals the complexity of communication ethics in the digital age.
基金Central University of Finance and Economics Theoretical Research Project on Party Building and Ideological and Political Work(Project number:DJW23002)。
文摘This paper takes the long-term mechanism exploration of the construction of teachers’ethics in the new era under the concept of“Sanquan education,”aiming to explore how to establish a long-term mechanism of the construction to meet the needs of college education development under the background of the new era.A series of targeted measures and suggestions are put forward,including improving the system and mechanism,strengthening the education and training of teachers’ethics,and establishing the evaluation and assessment mechanism.The implementation of these measures can promote the formation of the long-term mechanism of the construction of teachers’ethics in colleges and universities,improve teachers’ethics and behavior quality,and provide strong support for the development of education in colleges and universities.
文摘There are costs for doing the right thing,but regret is not one of those costs.I learned this lesson the hard way throughout a 42-year engineering career.As a young engineer,raising a family,I was more adaptable to management mandates,i.e.,I was more willing to be unethical to keep my job to make money and have health insurance for my family.As I grew in age,experience,and stamina,I was less adaptable,i.e.,I was more ethical.This article tells this story through events at various times in my engineering career1.Ethics define how we do the right thing.
文摘The objectives of this article are as follows: 1) to propose a university research ethics system framework, 2) to provide a brief anatomy of the Meru University of Science and Technology (MUST) Institutional Research Ethics Review Committee (MIRERC), 3) to perform a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis of MIRERC, and 4) to make recommendations for improving its performance. The 13-member multi-disciplinary MIRERC was established in April 2017 to provide effective ethical oversight of research undertaken by the University’s scholarly community. Strengths of the MUST research ethics review system include a functional MIRERC, a pertinent national law and ethical guidelines, an Innovation and Enterprise Centre that could house a dedicated MIRERC Secretariat, and a supportive University Management Board. The weaknesses include lack of graduate schools to assure scientific rigor of proposals before submission to the MIRERC, lack of research ethics training in most school’s curricula, absence of a dedicated MIRERC Secretariat, undergraduate research proposals being not ethically reviewed, dearth of faculty trained in research ethics, and lack of an operating budget for MIRERC work. The opportunities include existence of about 22 accredited Institutional Research Ethics Review Committees (IRERC) in Kenya, existence of international standards and operational guidance for ethics review, availability of guidelines and codes of best ethical practices in research, existence of a free automated platform called Research for Health Innovation Organizer (RHInnO) Ethics for managing the ethics review process, and availability of external resources for strengthening IRERCs. In order to improve the performance and sustainability of the MUST research ethics system, there is need to include research ethics training in all undergraduate and post-graduate curricula, create a dynamic database of potential research ethics reviewers, allocate a percentage of the annual MUST research budget for MIRERC operations, charge a graduated fee for proposal ethics review, require all students’ and faculties’ internal and external research proposals be cleared by the MIRERC, and use the RHInnO Ethics platform to manage the ethics review process.
文摘The Internet of Things promises to offer numerous societal benefits by providing a spectrum of user applications.However,ethical ramifications of adopting such pervasive technology on a society-wide scale have not been adequately considered.Smart things endowed with artificial intelligence may carry out decisions that entail ethical consequences.It is assumed that the functioning of a smart device does not involve any ethical responsibility vis-a-vis its application context.Such a perspective may precipitate situations that endanger essential human values or cause physical or emotional harm.Therefore,it is necessary to consider the design of ethics within intelligent systems to safeguard human interests.In order to address these concerns,we propose a novel method based on Boolean algebra that enables a machine to exhibit varying ethical behaviour by employing the concept of ethics categories and ethics modes.Such enhancement of smart things offers a way to design ethically compliant smart devices and paves way for human friendly technology ecosystems.
文摘It is imperative that all stakeholders within the research ecosystem take responsibility to improve research integrity and reliability of published research.Based on the unique experiences of a specialist publishing ethics and research integrity team within a major publisher,this article provides insights into the observed trends of misconduct and how those have evolved over time,and addresses key actions needed to improve the interface between researchers,funders,institutions and publishers to collectively improve research integrity on a global scale.
文摘Digital systems have changed our world and will continue to change it. Supportive government policy, a strong research base and history of industrial success place the benefits of an emerging digital society. Protecting benefits and minimizing risks requires reliable and robust cyber security, backed by a robust research and translation system. Trust is essential for growth and maintenance of participation in the digital community. Organizations gain trust by acting in a trustworthy way leading to building reliable and secure systems, treating people, their privacy and their data with respect, and providing reliable and understandable information to help people understand how safe they are. Research and revolution in industry and academia will continue to make important contributions to create flexible and reliable digital environment. Cyber Security has </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">main role in the field of information technology because securing information has become one of the greatest challenges today. When we think about the cyber security, the first thing that comes to our mind is “cyber crimes” which </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">are</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> increasing exponentially day by day. Many governments and firms are taking many measures to prevent these cybercrimes. Besides the various measures, cyber security remains a major concern. This paper intended to give </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">deep overview of the concepts and principles of cyber security that affect the safety and security in an international context. It mainly focuses on challenges faced by cyber security on the latest technologies and focuses also on introducing security types, cyber security techniques, cyber security ethics, trends that change the face of cyber security and finally attempting to solve one of the most serious cyber security crimes of violating privacy on the internet by improving the security of sensitive personal information (SPI) in Cyber-physical systems using a selected proposed algorithm that analyzes the user’s information resources and determines the valid data to be encrypted, then uses adaptive acquisition methods to collect the information and finally a new cryptographic method is used to complete SPI secure encryption according to acquisition results as described in details in Section 4.
文摘Capability Accreditation Program(CAP) of Ethics Review System for Chinese Medicine Research of World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies(WFCMS) is the first certification project in the field of Chinese medicine research on ethics review. Based on the Requirements for Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Human, ethical review system for Chinese medicine research was established and standardized from 4 aspects, such as organization, ethics committee, office of the ethics committee, and researchers. The period of CAP certification is three years, which include certification application and acceptance, initial certification(document review, on-site audit), certification decision, and supervision audit. The implementation of the CAP certification is of great importance for upgrading the research on ethics review system of Chinese medicine, which promotes the development of the research on ethics review system in China and the continuous improvement of the ability of the Chinese medicine research on ethics review.
文摘The System of Dr.Tarr and Prof.Fether,written by American Romantic novelist Edgar Allan Poe,is regarded as a classic of absurd humorous short story.On this basis,director Brad Anderson adapted it into the movie Stonehearst Asylum.There are some differences between the text and film in space-time,characters,plots,themes,and ultimate artistic principles,reflecting the choices between ethics and aesthetics.
