Deep oil and gas reservoirs are under high-temperature conditions,but traditional coring methods do not consider temperature-preserved measures and ignore the influence of temperature on rock porosity and permeability...Deep oil and gas reservoirs are under high-temperature conditions,but traditional coring methods do not consider temperature-preserved measures and ignore the influence of temperature on rock porosity and permeability,resulting in distorted resource assessments.The development of in situ temperaturepreserved coring(ITP-Coring)technology for deep reservoir rock is urgent,and thermal insulation materials are key.Therefore,hollow glass microsphere/epoxy resin thermal insulation materials(HGM/EP materials)were proposed as thermal insulation materials.The materials properties under coupled hightemperature and high-pressure(HTHP)conditions were tested.The results indicated that high pressures led to HGM destruction and that the materials water absorption significantly increased;additionally,increasing temperature accelerated the process.High temperatures directly caused the thermal conductivity of the materials to increase;additionally,the thermal conduction and convection of water caused by high pressures led to an exponential increase in the thermal conductivity.High temperatures weakened the matrix,and high pressures destroyed the HGM,which resulted in a decrease in the tensile mechanical properties of the materials.The materials entered the high elastic state at 150℃,and the mechanical properties were weakened more obviously,while the pressure led to a significant effect when the water absorption was above 10%.Meanwhile,the tensile strength/strain were 13.62 MPa/1.3%and 6.09 MPa/0.86%at 100℃ and 100 MPa,respectively,which meet the application requirements of the self-designed coring device.Finally,K46-f40 and K46-f50 HGM/EP materials were proven to be suitable for ITP-Coring under coupled conditions below 100℃ and 100 MPa.To further improve the materials properties,the interface layer and EP matrix should be optimized.The results can provide references for the optimization and engineering application of materials and thus technical support for deep oil and gas resource development.展开更多
The development of bio-sourced materials is essential to ensuring sustainable construction;it is considered a locomotive of the green economy.Furthermore,it is an abundant material in our country,to which very little ...The development of bio-sourced materials is essential to ensuring sustainable construction;it is considered a locomotive of the green economy.Furthermore,it is an abundant material in our country,to which very little attention is being given.This work aims to valorize the waste of the trunks of banana trees to be used in construction.Firstly,the physicochemical properties of the fiber,such as the percentage of crystallization and its morphology,have been determined by X-ray diffraction tests and scanning electron microscopy to confirm the potential and the impact of the mode of drying on the quality of the banana fibers,with the purpose to promote the use of this material in construction.Secondly,the results obtained with the gypsum matrix allowed us to note a preponderant improvement in the composite’s thermal properties thanks to the variation of the banana fiber additive.Thirdly,the impact of the nature of the banana fiber distribution(either fiber mixed in matrix or fiber series model)on the flexural and compressive strengths of the composites was studied.The results obtained indicate that the insulation gain reaches up to 40%.It depends on the volume fraction and type of distribution of the banana fibers.However,the thermal inertia of the composites developed,represented by thermal diffusivity and thermal effusivity,was studied.Results indicate a gain of 40%and 25%,respectively,in terms of thermal diffusivity and thermal effusivity of the developed composites compared to plaster alone.Concerning the mechanical properties,the flexural strength depends on the percentage of the volume fraction of banana fibers used,and it can reach 20%more than the flexural strength of plaster;nevertheless,there is a significant loss in terms of the compressive strength of the studied composites.The results obtained are confirmed by the microstructure of the fiber banana.In fact,the morphology of the banana fibers was improved by the drying process.It reduces the amorphous area and improves the cellulosic crystalline surfaces,which assures good adhesion between the fiber and the matrix plaster.Finally,the dimensionless coefficient analysis was done to judge the optimal proportion of the banana fiber additive and to recommend its use even on false ceilings or walls.展开更多
Strong impact does serious harm to the military industries so it is necessary to choose reasonable cushioning material and design effective buffers to prevent the impact of equipment.Based on the capillary property en...Strong impact does serious harm to the military industries so it is necessary to choose reasonable cushioning material and design effective buffers to prevent the impact of equipment.Based on the capillary property entangled porous metallic wire materials(EPMWM),this paper designed a composite buffer which uses EPMWM and viscous fluid as cushioning materials under the low-speed impact of the recoil force device of weapon equipment(such as artillery,mortar,etc.).Combined with the capillary model,porosity,hydraulic diameter,maximum pore diameter and pore distribution were used to characterize the pore structure characteristics of EPMWM.The calculation model of the damping force of the composite buffer was established.The low-speed impact test of the composite buffer was conducted.The parameters of the buffer under low-speed impact were identified according to the model,and the nonlinear model of damping force was obtained.The test results show that the composite buffer with EPMWM and viscous fluid can absorb the impact energy from the recoil movement effectively,and provide a new method for the buffer design of weapon equipment(such as artillery,mortar,etc.).展开更多
With an extensive range of distinctive features at nano meter-scale thicknesses,two-dimensional(2D)materials drawn the attention of the scientific community.Despite tremendous advancements in exploratory research on 2...With an extensive range of distinctive features at nano meter-scale thicknesses,two-dimensional(2D)materials drawn the attention of the scientific community.Despite tremendous advancements in exploratory research on 2D materials,knowledge of 2D electrical transport and carrier dynamics still in its infancy.Thus,here we highlighted the electrical characteristics of 2D materials with electronic band structure,electronic transport,dielectric constant,carriers mobility.The atomic thinness of 2D materials makes substantially scaled field-effect transistors(FETs)with reduced short-channel effects conceivable,even though strong carrier mobility required for high performance,low-voltage device operations.We also discussed here about factors affecting 2D materials which easily enhanced the activity of those materials for various applications.Presently,Those 2D materials used in state-of-the-art electrical and optoelectronic devices because of the extensive nature of their electronic band structure.2D materials offer unprecedented freedom for the design of novel p-n junction device topologies in contrast to conventional bulk semiconductors.We also,describe the numerous 2D p-n junctions,such as homo junction and hetero junction including mixed dimensional junctions.Finally,we talked about the problems and potential for the future.展开更多
An exact solution for simply-supported laminated beams with material properties variable with temperature under a combination of uniform thermo-load and mechanical loads was investigated,based on the two-dimensional(2...An exact solution for simply-supported laminated beams with material properties variable with temperature under a combination of uniform thermo-load and mechanical loads was investigated,based on the two-dimensional(2-D)thermo-elasticity theory.Firstly,the beam was divided into a series of layers with uniform material properties along the interfaces of the beam.The uniform thermo-load acted on each layer was transformed into a combination of the normal surface forces acted at the two ends and the transverse thermo-load.Secondly,the state space method was employed to obtain the general solutions of displacements and stresses in an arbitrary layer.Thirdly,based on the interfacial continuity conditions between adjacent layers,the relations of displacement and stress components between the top and bottom layers of the beam were recursively derived by use of the transfer-matrix method.The unknowns in the solutions can be solved by the mechanical loads acted on the top and bottom surfaces.The convergence of the present solutions was checked.The comparative study of the present solutions with the Timoshenko’s solutions and the finite element(FE)solutions was carried out.The effects of material properties variable with temperature on the thermo-elastic behavior of laminated beams were discussed in detail.展开更多
With increasing drilling depth and large dosage of weighting materials,drilling fluids with high solid content are characterized by poor stability,high viscosity,large water loss,and thick mud cake,easier leading to r...With increasing drilling depth and large dosage of weighting materials,drilling fluids with high solid content are characterized by poor stability,high viscosity,large water loss,and thick mud cake,easier leading to reservoir damage and wellbore instability.In this paper,micronized barite(MB)was modified(mMB)by grafting with hydrophilic polymer onto the surface through the free radical polymerization to displace conventional API barite partly.The suspension stability of water-based drilling fluids(WBDFs)weighted with API barite:mMB=2:1 in 600 g was significantly enhanced compared with that with API barite/WBDFs,exhibiting the static sag factor within 0.54 and the whole stability index of 2.The viscosity and yield point reached the minimum,with a reduction of more than 40%compared with API barite only at the same density.Through multi-stage filling and dense accumulation of weighting materials and clays,filtration loss was decreased,mud cake quality was improved,and simultaneously it had great reservoir protection performance,and the permeability recovery rate reached 87%.In addition,it also effectively improved the lubricity of WBDFs.The sticking coefficient of mud cake was reduced by 53.4%,and the friction coefficient was 0.2603.Therefore,mMB can serve as a versatile additive to control the density,rheology,filtration,and stability of WBDFs weighted with API barite,thus regulating comprehensive performance and achieving reservoir protection capacity.This work opened up a new path for the productive drilling of extremely deep and intricate wells by providing an efficient method for managing the performance of high-density WBDFs.展开更多
Porous carbon(PC)is a promising electromagnetic(EM)wave absorbing material thanks to its light weight,large specific surface area as well as good dissipating capacity.To further improve its microwave absorbing perform...Porous carbon(PC)is a promising electromagnetic(EM)wave absorbing material thanks to its light weight,large specific surface area as well as good dissipating capacity.To further improve its microwave absorbing performance,silver coated porous carbon(Ag@PC)is synthesized by one-step hydro-thermal synthesis process making use of fir as a biomass formwork.Phase compositions,morphological structure,and microwave absorption capability of the Ag@PC has been explored.Research results show that the metallic Ag was successfully reduced and the particles are evenly distributed inward the pores of the carbon formwork,which accelerates graphitization process of the amorphous carbon.The Ag@PC composite without adding polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP)exhibits higher dielectric constant and better EM wave dissipating capability.This is because the larger particles of Ag give rise to higher electric conductivity.After combing with frequency selective surface(FSS),the EM wave absorbing performance is further improved and the frequency region below-10 d B is located in8.20-11.75 GHz,and the minimal reflection loss value is-22.5 dB.This work indicates that incorporating metallic Ag particles and FSS provides a valid way to strengthen EM wave absorbing capacity of PC material.展开更多
The optimized design of simple cross-truss and column lattice structures was carried out by the SolidWorks simulation module.The effective density of the structure was calculated according to the weight reduction requ...The optimized design of simple cross-truss and column lattice structures was carried out by the SolidWorks simulation module.The effective density of the structure was calculated according to the weight reduction requirements proposed by the project.Then,the vari-ation curve between the maximum bearing stress of the unit structure and the structural variables was obtained by simulation.Meanwhile,the mathematical equation between the maximum bearing stress and the structural variables could be obtained through MATLAB fitting.The results indicated that with the decrease in the number of cells,the compressive strength of the prepared column lattice increased(400 to 4 cells,compressive strength 29 MPa to 160 MPa).However,the yield strength increased with the number of cells.The compression strength of the simple cross-truss lattice samples indicated an increase trend with the decrease of the pillar size(an increase of the number of units),reaching 91 MPa(pillar diameter 0.52 mm,number of units 25).While the yield strength increased with the increasing of the number of units.In addition,the additive manufacturing processes of simple cubic lattice and simple cross-pillar lattice were investigated using selective laser melting.The compression performance obtained from the experiment is compared with the simulation results,which are in good agreement.The results of this paper can provide an important reference for optimizing design of lattice materials.展开更多
CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O/expanded vermiculite shape stabilized phase change materials(CEV)was prepared by atmospheric impregnation method.Using gold mine tailings as aggregate of cemented paste backfill(CPB)material,the ...CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O/expanded vermiculite shape stabilized phase change materials(CEV)was prepared by atmospheric impregnation method.Using gold mine tailings as aggregate of cemented paste backfill(CPB)material,the CPB with CEV added was prepared,and the specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,and uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of CPB with different cement-tailing ratios and CEV addition ratios were tested,the influence of the above variables on the thermal and mechanical properties of CPB was analyzed.The results show that the maximum encapsulation capacity of expanded vermiculite for CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O is about 60%,and the melting and solidification enthalpies of CEV can reach 98.87 J/g and 97.56 J/g,respectively.For the CPB without CEV,the specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,and UCS decrease with the decrease of cement-tailing ratio.For the CPB with CEV added,with the increase of CEV addition ratio,the specific heat capacity increases significantly,and the sensible heat storage capacity and latent heat storage capacity can be increased by at least 10.74%and 218.97%respectively after adding 12%CEV.However,the addition of CEV leads to the increase of pores,and the thermal conductivity and UCS both decrease with the increase of CEV addition.When cement-tailing ratio is 1:8 and 6%,9%,and 12%of CEV are added,the 28-days UCS of CPB is less than 1 MPa.Considering the heat storage capacity and cost price of backfill,the recommended proportion scheme of CPB material presents cement-tailing ratio of 1:6 and 12%CEV,and the most recommended heat storage/release temperature cycle range of CPB with added CEV is from 20 to 40℃.This work can provide theoretical basis for the utilization of heat storage backfill in green mines.展开更多
The mechanism of glutinous rice flour,a kind of natural admixture,on the hydration process,setting time,and microstructure of the Portland cement was investigated.The experimental results show that the glutinous rice ...The mechanism of glutinous rice flour,a kind of natural admixture,on the hydration process,setting time,and microstructure of the Portland cement was investigated.The experimental results show that the glutinous rice flour has an obvious setting retarding effect on cement pastes.The optimal dosage of the glutinous rice flour is 3wt%.In this case,the initial and final setting time of the paste are delayed by 140 and185 min,respectively.The flexural and compressive strengths of the hardened paste are increased by 0.35%and 0.07%after 56 d of curing.The glutinous rice flour hinders the mineral dissolution process and decreases the concentration of calcium ion at the initial stage of hydration due to the complexation effect,thereby hindering the nucleation and growth of CH and C-S-H phases and prolonging the hydration process.However,C-S-H phases combine with the glutinous rice flour to contribute the bonding effect together,which compacts the microstructure of hardened cement pastes at the later hydration stage of cement pastes.Thus,in-depth investigation on the utilization of glutinous rice flour as the admixture for the Portland cement is expected to be meaningful for the control of hydration exothermic rate and setting time.展开更多
The objective of this study is to improve the mechanical properties and machining performance of high thermal conductivity and low expansion silicon carbide dispersion-strengthened hypereutectic aluminum-silicon elect...The objective of this study is to improve the mechanical properties and machining performance of high thermal conductivity and low expansion silicon carbide dispersion-strengthened hypereutectic aluminum-silicon electronic packaging materials to meet the needs of aviation,aerospace,and electronic packaging fields.We used the powder metallurgy method and high-temperature hot pressing technology to prepare SiC/Al-Si composite materials with different SiC contents(5vol%,10vol%,15vol%,and 20vol%).The results showed that as the SiC content increased,the tensile strength of the composite material first increased and then decreased.The tensile strength was the highest when the SiC content was 15%;the sintering temperature significantly affected the composite material’s structural density and mechanical properties.Findings indicated 700℃was the optimal sintering and the optimal SiC content of SiC/Al-Si composite materials was between 10%and 15%.Besides,the sintering temperature should be strictly controlled to improve the material’s structural density and mechanical properties.展开更多
Janus amphiphilic polymer nanosheets(JAPNs)with anisotropic morphology and distinctive perfor-mance have aroused widespread interest.However,due to the difficulty in synthesis and poor dispersion stability,JAPNs have ...Janus amphiphilic polymer nanosheets(JAPNs)with anisotropic morphology and distinctive perfor-mance have aroused widespread interest.However,due to the difficulty in synthesis and poor dispersion stability,JAPNs have been scarcely reported in the field of enhancing oil recovery(EOR).Herein,a kind of organic-based flexible JAPNs was prepared by paraffin emulsion methods.The lateral sizes of JAPNs were ranging from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers and the thickness was about 3 nm.The organic-based nanosheets were equipped with remarkably flexible structures,which could improve their injection performance.The dispersion and interfacial properties of JAPNs were studied systematically.By modification of crosslinking agent containing multiple amino groups,the JAPNs had excellent hydro-philicity and salt resistance compared with conventional inorganic or composite nanosheets.The settling time of nanosuspension with NaCl and CaCl_(2) at a low salinity of 1000 mg/L was over 240 h.The value could also remain 124 h under the salinity of 10,000 mg/L NaCl.With the dual functionalities of Janus amphiphilic nature and nanoparticles'Pickering effect,JAPNs could change rock wettability and form emulsions as"colloidal surfactants",In particular,a new technology called optical microrheology was pioneered to explore the destabilization state of nanosuspensions for the first time.Since precipitation lagged behind aggregation,especially for stable suspension systems,the onset of the unstable behavior was difficult to be detected by conventional methods,which should be the indicator of reduced effec-tiveness for nanofluid products.In addition,the oil displacement experiments demonstrated that the JAPNs could enhance oil recovery by 17.14%under an ultra-low concentration of 0.005%and were more suitable for low permeability cores.The findings can help for a better understanding of the material preparation of polymer nanosheets.We also hope that this study could shed more light on the nano-flooding technology for EOR.展开更多
To study the water absorption of hollow glass microspheres(HGMs)composite epoxy resin solid buoyancy materials in the marine environment and its effect on the mechanical properties,the water absorption was measured by...To study the water absorption of hollow glass microspheres(HGMs)composite epoxy resin solid buoyancy materials in the marine environment and its effect on the mechanical properties,the water absorption was measured by immersing the material in distilled water for 36 days at ambient temperature and fitted to Fick’s second law.The strength of materials before and after water absorption were tested by uniaxial experiments,and the effects of the filling ratio and water absorption on the mechanical properties of the materials were analyzed and explained.Finally,the failure modes and mechanism of the hollow glass microspheres composite material were explicated from the microscopic level by scanning electron microscope(SEM).This research will help solve the problems of solid buoyancy materials in ocean engineering applications.展开更多
We focused on Ti/Al composite materials fabricated by wire and arc addictive manufacturing,and the microstructure and interface characteristics of them before and after hot compression deformation were compared.After ...We focused on Ti/Al composite materials fabricated by wire and arc addictive manufacturing,and the microstructure and interface characteristics of them before and after hot compression deformation were compared.After compression deformation,allαstructures of titanium were compacted with the emergence of Widmanstatten structures.Coarsened coloniesαof titanium were elongated and waved along the original growth direction,resulting in anisotropy of grains.Pores and Ti/Al intermetallic compounds of aluminum are significantly decreased after hot compression.Meanwhile,a good bonding interface between titanium and aluminum is obtained after hot compression,and the element diffusion is more intense.In addition,the mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of Ti/Al composite material with different clad ratio that is defined as the ratio of the thickness of titanium to that of the Ti/Al composite material are investigated by uniaxial tensile test.The experimental results show that the ultimate tensile strength of Ti/Al composite material is between that of single deposited titanium and aluminum,while the elongation of Ti/Al composite material with low clad ratio is lower than that of single aluminum due to the metallurgical reaction.As the clad ratio increases,the two component layers are harder to separate during deformation,which is resulted from the decrease of the inward contraction stress of three-dimensional stress caused by necking of aluminum.This work may promote the engineering application of Ti/Al bimetallic structures.展开更多
The Si_(3)N_(4)/SiC gradient material with a gradient composition structure was prepared by a hot pressing sintering.The sinterability,distribution of residual stress and the effect of residual stress on mechanical pr...The Si_(3)N_(4)/SiC gradient material with a gradient composition structure was prepared by a hot pressing sintering.The sinterability,distribution of residual stress and the effect of residual stress on mechanical properties of Si_(3)N_(4)/SiC gradient materials were studied.The research results show that,at 1750℃,Si_(3)N_(4)/SiC gradient materials with different ratios can achieve co-sintering,and the overall relative density of the sample reaches 98.5%.Interestingly,the flexural strength of Si_(3)N_(4)/SiC gradient material is related to its loading surface.The flexural strength of SiC as the loading surface is about 35%higher than that of Si_(3)N_(4)as the loading surface.The analysis of the residual stress of the material in the gradient structure shows that the gradient stress distribution between the two phases is a vital factor affecting the mechanical properties of the material.With the increase of SiC content in the gradient direction,the fracture toughness of each layer of Si_(3)N_(4)/SiC gradient materials gradually decreases.The surface hardness of the pure SiC side is lower than that reported in other literature.展开更多
Rare earth luminescent materials have attracted significant attention due to their wide-ranging applications in the field of optoelectronics. This study aims to delve into the electronic structure and optical properti...Rare earth luminescent materials have attracted significant attention due to their wide-ranging applications in the field of optoelectronics. This study aims to delve into the electronic structure and optical properties of rare earth luminescent materials, with the goal of uncovering their importance in luminescence mechanisms and applications. Through theoretical calculations and experimental methods, we conducted in-depth analyses on materials composed of various rare earth elements. Regarding electronic structure, we utilized computational techniques such as density functional theory to investigate the band structure, valence state distribution, and electronic density of states of rare earth luminescent materials. The results indicate that the electronic structural differences among different rare earth elements notably influence their luminescence performance, providing crucial clues for explaining the luminescence mechanism. In terms of optical properties, we systematically examined the material’s optical behaviors through fluorescence spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy, and other experimental approaches. We found that rare earth luminescent materials exhibit distinct absorption and emission characteristics at different wavelengths, closely related to the transition processes of their electronic energy levels. Furthermore, we studied the influence of varying doping concentrations and impurities on the material’s optical properties. Experimental outcomes reveal that appropriate doping can effectively regulate the emission intensity and wavelength, offering greater possibilities for material applications. In summary, this study comprehensively analyzed the electronic structure and optical properties of rare earth luminescent materials, providing deep insights into understanding their luminescence mechanisms and potential value in optoelectronic applications. In the future, these research findings will serve as crucial references for the technological advancement in fields such as LEDs, lasers, and bioimaging.展开更多
[ Objective] The research aimed to study effects of material physical properties on white-rot fungi mycelial growth and provide theoretical basis for further expanding the application range of white-rot fungi. [ Metho...[ Objective] The research aimed to study effects of material physical properties on white-rot fungi mycelial growth and provide theoretical basis for further expanding the application range of white-rot fungi. [ Method Four common species of white-rot fungi were cultivated by wood meal fowl dung mixture in test tube and culture dishes. The relationship between physical properties of culture material and the growth of these mycelials were studied. [Result] The results showed the water retention capacity of culture material was decreased with the increasing of its grain size and porosity, but the decrease of its specific gravity reduced the material water retention. And the dehydration rate of medium prepared with these materials at the same moisture conditions tended to increase. These physical properties of material, such as grain size, specific gravity, porosity, water retention and water drainage, influenced the growth of white-rot fungi mycelial by affecting the moisture and ventilation condition of media. The results hinted that above material physical properties had feedback effects on the growth of white-rot fungi mycelia. [ Conclution] Physical properties of culture material have significant effects on the growth of white-rot fungi mycelial.展开更多
The mechanical properties of the SiC fiber-reinforced Mg-Al metal matrix composite materials have been studied on internal microstructure by (scanning electron microscopy) SEM in-situ tensile test. The emergence and p...The mechanical properties of the SiC fiber-reinforced Mg-Al metal matrix composite materials have been studied on internal microstructure by (scanning electron microscopy) SEM in-situ tensile test. The emergence and propagation of the crack, and the fracture behavior in materials have been observed and studied. It is found that in the case of the tensile test, the crack emerged in SiC fiber initially. In the case of the strong cohesion of the fiber-metal interface, the crack propagated in the fiber, meanwhile the fibers in the neighborhood of the cracked fiber began to crack and the Mg-Al metal deformed plastically, and at last the material fractured. Otherwise the toughness of the materials grows in the case of the lower cohesion of the fiber-metal matrix interface.展开更多
Polymeric materials with excellent performance are the foundation for developing high-level technology and advanced manufacturing.Polymeric material genome engineering(PMGE)is becoming a vital platform for the intelli...Polymeric materials with excellent performance are the foundation for developing high-level technology and advanced manufacturing.Polymeric material genome engineering(PMGE)is becoming a vital platform for the intelligent manufacturing of polymeric materials.However,the development of PMGE is still in its infancy,and many issues remain to be addressed.In this perspective,we elaborate on the PMGE concepts,summarize the state-of-the-art research and achievements,and highlight the challenges and prospects in this field.In particular,we focus on property estimation approaches,including property proxy prediction and machine learning prediction of polymer properties.The potential engineering applications of PMGE are discussed,including the fields of advanced composites,polymeric materials for communications,and integrated circuits.展开更多
The recent research progress of structure- and size-controlled micro/nano-energetic materials is reviewed, which properties are fundamentally different from those of their corresponding bulk materials. The development...The recent research progress of structure- and size-controlled micro/nano-energetic materials is reviewed, which properties are fundamentally different from those of their corresponding bulk materials. The development of the construction strategies for achieving zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) micro/nanostructures from energetic molecules is introduced. Also, an overview of the unique properties induced by micro/nanostructures and size effects is provided. Special emphasis is focused on the size-dependent properties that are different from those of the conventional micro-sized energetic materials, such as thermal decomposition, sensitivity, combustion and detonation, and compaction behaviors. A conclusion and our view of the future development of micro/nano-energetic materials and devices are given.展开更多
基金supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (Grant Nos.2023NSFSC0004,2023NSFSC0790)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.51827901,52304033)the Sichuan University Postdoctoral Fund (Grant No.2024SCU12093)。
文摘Deep oil and gas reservoirs are under high-temperature conditions,but traditional coring methods do not consider temperature-preserved measures and ignore the influence of temperature on rock porosity and permeability,resulting in distorted resource assessments.The development of in situ temperaturepreserved coring(ITP-Coring)technology for deep reservoir rock is urgent,and thermal insulation materials are key.Therefore,hollow glass microsphere/epoxy resin thermal insulation materials(HGM/EP materials)were proposed as thermal insulation materials.The materials properties under coupled hightemperature and high-pressure(HTHP)conditions were tested.The results indicated that high pressures led to HGM destruction and that the materials water absorption significantly increased;additionally,increasing temperature accelerated the process.High temperatures directly caused the thermal conductivity of the materials to increase;additionally,the thermal conduction and convection of water caused by high pressures led to an exponential increase in the thermal conductivity.High temperatures weakened the matrix,and high pressures destroyed the HGM,which resulted in a decrease in the tensile mechanical properties of the materials.The materials entered the high elastic state at 150℃,and the mechanical properties were weakened more obviously,while the pressure led to a significant effect when the water absorption was above 10%.Meanwhile,the tensile strength/strain were 13.62 MPa/1.3%and 6.09 MPa/0.86%at 100℃ and 100 MPa,respectively,which meet the application requirements of the self-designed coring device.Finally,K46-f40 and K46-f50 HGM/EP materials were proven to be suitable for ITP-Coring under coupled conditions below 100℃ and 100 MPa.To further improve the materials properties,the interface layer and EP matrix should be optimized.The results can provide references for the optimization and engineering application of materials and thus technical support for deep oil and gas resource development.
文摘The development of bio-sourced materials is essential to ensuring sustainable construction;it is considered a locomotive of the green economy.Furthermore,it is an abundant material in our country,to which very little attention is being given.This work aims to valorize the waste of the trunks of banana trees to be used in construction.Firstly,the physicochemical properties of the fiber,such as the percentage of crystallization and its morphology,have been determined by X-ray diffraction tests and scanning electron microscopy to confirm the potential and the impact of the mode of drying on the quality of the banana fibers,with the purpose to promote the use of this material in construction.Secondly,the results obtained with the gypsum matrix allowed us to note a preponderant improvement in the composite’s thermal properties thanks to the variation of the banana fiber additive.Thirdly,the impact of the nature of the banana fiber distribution(either fiber mixed in matrix or fiber series model)on the flexural and compressive strengths of the composites was studied.The results obtained indicate that the insulation gain reaches up to 40%.It depends on the volume fraction and type of distribution of the banana fibers.However,the thermal inertia of the composites developed,represented by thermal diffusivity and thermal effusivity,was studied.Results indicate a gain of 40%and 25%,respectively,in terms of thermal diffusivity and thermal effusivity of the developed composites compared to plaster alone.Concerning the mechanical properties,the flexural strength depends on the percentage of the volume fraction of banana fibers used,and it can reach 20%more than the flexural strength of plaster;nevertheless,there is a significant loss in terms of the compressive strength of the studied composites.The results obtained are confirmed by the microstructure of the fiber banana.In fact,the morphology of the banana fibers was improved by the drying process.It reduces the amorphous area and improves the cellulosic crystalline surfaces,which assures good adhesion between the fiber and the matrix plaster.Finally,the dimensionless coefficient analysis was done to judge the optimal proportion of the banana fiber additive and to recommend its use even on false ceilings or walls.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51805086)。
文摘Strong impact does serious harm to the military industries so it is necessary to choose reasonable cushioning material and design effective buffers to prevent the impact of equipment.Based on the capillary property entangled porous metallic wire materials(EPMWM),this paper designed a composite buffer which uses EPMWM and viscous fluid as cushioning materials under the low-speed impact of the recoil force device of weapon equipment(such as artillery,mortar,etc.).Combined with the capillary model,porosity,hydraulic diameter,maximum pore diameter and pore distribution were used to characterize the pore structure characteristics of EPMWM.The calculation model of the damping force of the composite buffer was established.The low-speed impact test of the composite buffer was conducted.The parameters of the buffer under low-speed impact were identified according to the model,and the nonlinear model of damping force was obtained.The test results show that the composite buffer with EPMWM and viscous fluid can absorb the impact energy from the recoil movement effectively,and provide a new method for the buffer design of weapon equipment(such as artillery,mortar,etc.).
文摘With an extensive range of distinctive features at nano meter-scale thicknesses,two-dimensional(2D)materials drawn the attention of the scientific community.Despite tremendous advancements in exploratory research on 2D materials,knowledge of 2D electrical transport and carrier dynamics still in its infancy.Thus,here we highlighted the electrical characteristics of 2D materials with electronic band structure,electronic transport,dielectric constant,carriers mobility.The atomic thinness of 2D materials makes substantially scaled field-effect transistors(FETs)with reduced short-channel effects conceivable,even though strong carrier mobility required for high performance,low-voltage device operations.We also discussed here about factors affecting 2D materials which easily enhanced the activity of those materials for various applications.Presently,Those 2D materials used in state-of-the-art electrical and optoelectronic devices because of the extensive nature of their electronic band structure.2D materials offer unprecedented freedom for the design of novel p-n junction device topologies in contrast to conventional bulk semiconductors.We also,describe the numerous 2D p-n junctions,such as homo junction and hetero junction including mixed dimensional junctions.Finally,we talked about the problems and potential for the future.
基金Project(2012CB026205)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProjects(51608264,51778289)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2014Y01)supported by the Transportation Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Province,China
文摘An exact solution for simply-supported laminated beams with material properties variable with temperature under a combination of uniform thermo-load and mechanical loads was investigated,based on the two-dimensional(2-D)thermo-elasticity theory.Firstly,the beam was divided into a series of layers with uniform material properties along the interfaces of the beam.The uniform thermo-load acted on each layer was transformed into a combination of the normal surface forces acted at the two ends and the transverse thermo-load.Secondly,the state space method was employed to obtain the general solutions of displacements and stresses in an arbitrary layer.Thirdly,based on the interfacial continuity conditions between adjacent layers,the relations of displacement and stress components between the top and bottom layers of the beam were recursively derived by use of the transfer-matrix method.The unknowns in the solutions can be solved by the mechanical loads acted on the top and bottom surfaces.The convergence of the present solutions was checked.The comparative study of the present solutions with the Timoshenko’s solutions and the finite element(FE)solutions was carried out.The effects of material properties variable with temperature on the thermo-elastic behavior of laminated beams were discussed in detail.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51991361)the foundation of China University of Petroleum(Beijing)(Grant No.2462021YXZZ002).
文摘With increasing drilling depth and large dosage of weighting materials,drilling fluids with high solid content are characterized by poor stability,high viscosity,large water loss,and thick mud cake,easier leading to reservoir damage and wellbore instability.In this paper,micronized barite(MB)was modified(mMB)by grafting with hydrophilic polymer onto the surface through the free radical polymerization to displace conventional API barite partly.The suspension stability of water-based drilling fluids(WBDFs)weighted with API barite:mMB=2:1 in 600 g was significantly enhanced compared with that with API barite/WBDFs,exhibiting the static sag factor within 0.54 and the whole stability index of 2.The viscosity and yield point reached the minimum,with a reduction of more than 40%compared with API barite only at the same density.Through multi-stage filling and dense accumulation of weighting materials and clays,filtration loss was decreased,mud cake quality was improved,and simultaneously it had great reservoir protection performance,and the permeability recovery rate reached 87%.In addition,it also effectively improved the lubricity of WBDFs.The sticking coefficient of mud cake was reduced by 53.4%,and the friction coefficient was 0.2603.Therefore,mMB can serve as a versatile additive to control the density,rheology,filtration,and stability of WBDFs weighted with API barite,thus regulating comprehensive performance and achieving reservoir protection capacity.This work opened up a new path for the productive drilling of extremely deep and intricate wells by providing an efficient method for managing the performance of high-density WBDFs.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52103361)Shaanxi University Youth Outstanding Talents Support Plan,Scientific and Technological Plan Project of Xi’an Beilin District(No.GX2143)。
文摘Porous carbon(PC)is a promising electromagnetic(EM)wave absorbing material thanks to its light weight,large specific surface area as well as good dissipating capacity.To further improve its microwave absorbing performance,silver coated porous carbon(Ag@PC)is synthesized by one-step hydro-thermal synthesis process making use of fir as a biomass formwork.Phase compositions,morphological structure,and microwave absorption capability of the Ag@PC has been explored.Research results show that the metallic Ag was successfully reduced and the particles are evenly distributed inward the pores of the carbon formwork,which accelerates graphitization process of the amorphous carbon.The Ag@PC composite without adding polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP)exhibits higher dielectric constant and better EM wave dissipating capability.This is because the larger particles of Ag give rise to higher electric conductivity.After combing with frequency selective surface(FSS),the EM wave absorbing performance is further improved and the frequency region below-10 d B is located in8.20-11.75 GHz,and the minimal reflection loss value is-22.5 dB.This work indicates that incorporating metallic Ag particles and FSS provides a valid way to strengthen EM wave absorbing capacity of PC material.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52101058,51875541).
文摘The optimized design of simple cross-truss and column lattice structures was carried out by the SolidWorks simulation module.The effective density of the structure was calculated according to the weight reduction requirements proposed by the project.Then,the vari-ation curve between the maximum bearing stress of the unit structure and the structural variables was obtained by simulation.Meanwhile,the mathematical equation between the maximum bearing stress and the structural variables could be obtained through MATLAB fitting.The results indicated that with the decrease in the number of cells,the compressive strength of the prepared column lattice increased(400 to 4 cells,compressive strength 29 MPa to 160 MPa).However,the yield strength increased with the number of cells.The compression strength of the simple cross-truss lattice samples indicated an increase trend with the decrease of the pillar size(an increase of the number of units),reaching 91 MPa(pillar diameter 0.52 mm,number of units 25).While the yield strength increased with the increasing of the number of units.In addition,the additive manufacturing processes of simple cubic lattice and simple cross-pillar lattice were investigated using selective laser melting.The compression performance obtained from the experiment is compared with the simulation results,which are in good agreement.The results of this paper can provide an important reference for optimizing design of lattice materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51974225,51874229,51674188,51904224,51904225)the Shaanxi Innovative Talents Cultivate Program-New-star Plan of Science and Technology,China(No.2018KJXX-083)+2 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province of China(Nos.2018JM 5161,2018JQ5183,2019JM-074)the Scientific Research Program funded by the Shaanxi Provincial Education Department,China(No.19JK0543)the Outstanding Youth Science Fund of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,China(No.2018YQ2-01)。
文摘CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O/expanded vermiculite shape stabilized phase change materials(CEV)was prepared by atmospheric impregnation method.Using gold mine tailings as aggregate of cemented paste backfill(CPB)material,the CPB with CEV added was prepared,and the specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,and uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of CPB with different cement-tailing ratios and CEV addition ratios were tested,the influence of the above variables on the thermal and mechanical properties of CPB was analyzed.The results show that the maximum encapsulation capacity of expanded vermiculite for CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O is about 60%,and the melting and solidification enthalpies of CEV can reach 98.87 J/g and 97.56 J/g,respectively.For the CPB without CEV,the specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity,and UCS decrease with the decrease of cement-tailing ratio.For the CPB with CEV added,with the increase of CEV addition ratio,the specific heat capacity increases significantly,and the sensible heat storage capacity and latent heat storage capacity can be increased by at least 10.74%and 218.97%respectively after adding 12%CEV.However,the addition of CEV leads to the increase of pores,and the thermal conductivity and UCS both decrease with the increase of CEV addition.When cement-tailing ratio is 1:8 and 6%,9%,and 12%of CEV are added,the 28-days UCS of CPB is less than 1 MPa.Considering the heat storage capacity and cost price of backfill,the recommended proportion scheme of CPB material presents cement-tailing ratio of 1:6 and 12%CEV,and the most recommended heat storage/release temperature cycle range of CPB with added CEV is from 20 to 40℃.This work can provide theoretical basis for the utilization of heat storage backfill in green mines.
基金Funded by the Open Fund of Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province (JBGS008)the Research Lab Construction of Hainan University (ZY2019HN0904)the Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Green Building Materials (2022GBM01)。
文摘The mechanism of glutinous rice flour,a kind of natural admixture,on the hydration process,setting time,and microstructure of the Portland cement was investigated.The experimental results show that the glutinous rice flour has an obvious setting retarding effect on cement pastes.The optimal dosage of the glutinous rice flour is 3wt%.In this case,the initial and final setting time of the paste are delayed by 140 and185 min,respectively.The flexural and compressive strengths of the hardened paste are increased by 0.35%and 0.07%after 56 d of curing.The glutinous rice flour hinders the mineral dissolution process and decreases the concentration of calcium ion at the initial stage of hydration due to the complexation effect,thereby hindering the nucleation and growth of CH and C-S-H phases and prolonging the hydration process.However,C-S-H phases combine with the glutinous rice flour to contribute the bonding effect together,which compacts the microstructure of hardened cement pastes at the later hydration stage of cement pastes.Thus,in-depth investigation on the utilization of glutinous rice flour as the admixture for the Portland cement is expected to be meaningful for the control of hydration exothermic rate and setting time.
文摘The objective of this study is to improve the mechanical properties and machining performance of high thermal conductivity and low expansion silicon carbide dispersion-strengthened hypereutectic aluminum-silicon electronic packaging materials to meet the needs of aviation,aerospace,and electronic packaging fields.We used the powder metallurgy method and high-temperature hot pressing technology to prepare SiC/Al-Si composite materials with different SiC contents(5vol%,10vol%,15vol%,and 20vol%).The results showed that as the SiC content increased,the tensile strength of the composite material first increased and then decreased.The tensile strength was the highest when the SiC content was 15%;the sintering temperature significantly affected the composite material’s structural density and mechanical properties.Findings indicated 700℃was the optimal sintering and the optimal SiC content of SiC/Al-Si composite materials was between 10%and 15%.Besides,the sintering temperature should be strictly controlled to improve the material’s structural density and mechanical properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074320)Petrochina Strategic Cooperation Science and Technology Project(ZLZX2020-01-04-03)。
文摘Janus amphiphilic polymer nanosheets(JAPNs)with anisotropic morphology and distinctive perfor-mance have aroused widespread interest.However,due to the difficulty in synthesis and poor dispersion stability,JAPNs have been scarcely reported in the field of enhancing oil recovery(EOR).Herein,a kind of organic-based flexible JAPNs was prepared by paraffin emulsion methods.The lateral sizes of JAPNs were ranging from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers and the thickness was about 3 nm.The organic-based nanosheets were equipped with remarkably flexible structures,which could improve their injection performance.The dispersion and interfacial properties of JAPNs were studied systematically.By modification of crosslinking agent containing multiple amino groups,the JAPNs had excellent hydro-philicity and salt resistance compared with conventional inorganic or composite nanosheets.The settling time of nanosuspension with NaCl and CaCl_(2) at a low salinity of 1000 mg/L was over 240 h.The value could also remain 124 h under the salinity of 10,000 mg/L NaCl.With the dual functionalities of Janus amphiphilic nature and nanoparticles'Pickering effect,JAPNs could change rock wettability and form emulsions as"colloidal surfactants",In particular,a new technology called optical microrheology was pioneered to explore the destabilization state of nanosuspensions for the first time.Since precipitation lagged behind aggregation,especially for stable suspension systems,the onset of the unstable behavior was difficult to be detected by conventional methods,which should be the indicator of reduced effec-tiveness for nanofluid products.In addition,the oil displacement experiments demonstrated that the JAPNs could enhance oil recovery by 17.14%under an ultra-low concentration of 0.005%and were more suitable for low permeability cores.The findings can help for a better understanding of the material preparation of polymer nanosheets.We also hope that this study could shed more light on the nano-flooding technology for EOR.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(Grant No.2021-MS-109)。
文摘To study the water absorption of hollow glass microspheres(HGMs)composite epoxy resin solid buoyancy materials in the marine environment and its effect on the mechanical properties,the water absorption was measured by immersing the material in distilled water for 36 days at ambient temperature and fitted to Fick’s second law.The strength of materials before and after water absorption were tested by uniaxial experiments,and the effects of the filling ratio and water absorption on the mechanical properties of the materials were analyzed and explained.Finally,the failure modes and mechanism of the hollow glass microspheres composite material were explicated from the microscopic level by scanning electron microscope(SEM).This research will help solve the problems of solid buoyancy materials in ocean engineering applications.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51775068)。
文摘We focused on Ti/Al composite materials fabricated by wire and arc addictive manufacturing,and the microstructure and interface characteristics of them before and after hot compression deformation were compared.After compression deformation,allαstructures of titanium were compacted with the emergence of Widmanstatten structures.Coarsened coloniesαof titanium were elongated and waved along the original growth direction,resulting in anisotropy of grains.Pores and Ti/Al intermetallic compounds of aluminum are significantly decreased after hot compression.Meanwhile,a good bonding interface between titanium and aluminum is obtained after hot compression,and the element diffusion is more intense.In addition,the mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of Ti/Al composite material with different clad ratio that is defined as the ratio of the thickness of titanium to that of the Ti/Al composite material are investigated by uniaxial tensile test.The experimental results show that the ultimate tensile strength of Ti/Al composite material is between that of single deposited titanium and aluminum,while the elongation of Ti/Al composite material with low clad ratio is lower than that of single aluminum due to the metallurgical reaction.As the clad ratio increases,the two component layers are harder to separate during deformation,which is resulted from the decrease of the inward contraction stress of three-dimensional stress caused by necking of aluminum.This work may promote the engineering application of Ti/Al bimetallic structures.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.43190311,43200301 and 631800611)。
文摘The Si_(3)N_(4)/SiC gradient material with a gradient composition structure was prepared by a hot pressing sintering.The sinterability,distribution of residual stress and the effect of residual stress on mechanical properties of Si_(3)N_(4)/SiC gradient materials were studied.The research results show that,at 1750℃,Si_(3)N_(4)/SiC gradient materials with different ratios can achieve co-sintering,and the overall relative density of the sample reaches 98.5%.Interestingly,the flexural strength of Si_(3)N_(4)/SiC gradient material is related to its loading surface.The flexural strength of SiC as the loading surface is about 35%higher than that of Si_(3)N_(4)as the loading surface.The analysis of the residual stress of the material in the gradient structure shows that the gradient stress distribution between the two phases is a vital factor affecting the mechanical properties of the material.With the increase of SiC content in the gradient direction,the fracture toughness of each layer of Si_(3)N_(4)/SiC gradient materials gradually decreases.The surface hardness of the pure SiC side is lower than that reported in other literature.
文摘Rare earth luminescent materials have attracted significant attention due to their wide-ranging applications in the field of optoelectronics. This study aims to delve into the electronic structure and optical properties of rare earth luminescent materials, with the goal of uncovering their importance in luminescence mechanisms and applications. Through theoretical calculations and experimental methods, we conducted in-depth analyses on materials composed of various rare earth elements. Regarding electronic structure, we utilized computational techniques such as density functional theory to investigate the band structure, valence state distribution, and electronic density of states of rare earth luminescent materials. The results indicate that the electronic structural differences among different rare earth elements notably influence their luminescence performance, providing crucial clues for explaining the luminescence mechanism. In terms of optical properties, we systematically examined the material’s optical behaviors through fluorescence spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy, and other experimental approaches. We found that rare earth luminescent materials exhibit distinct absorption and emission characteristics at different wavelengths, closely related to the transition processes of their electronic energy levels. Furthermore, we studied the influence of varying doping concentrations and impurities on the material’s optical properties. Experimental outcomes reveal that appropriate doping can effectively regulate the emission intensity and wavelength, offering greater possibilities for material applications. In summary, this study comprehensively analyzed the electronic structure and optical properties of rare earth luminescent materials, providing deep insights into understanding their luminescence mechanisms and potential value in optoelectronic applications. In the future, these research findings will serve as crucial references for the technological advancement in fields such as LEDs, lasers, and bioimaging.
基金Supported by Qian Jiang Manpower Program of Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Department (No.2007R10039)National Basic Research Program of China (No.2005CB724204)Under-graduate Technology Innovation Program of Zhejiang Province~~
文摘[ Objective] The research aimed to study effects of material physical properties on white-rot fungi mycelial growth and provide theoretical basis for further expanding the application range of white-rot fungi. [ Method Four common species of white-rot fungi were cultivated by wood meal fowl dung mixture in test tube and culture dishes. The relationship between physical properties of culture material and the growth of these mycelials were studied. [Result] The results showed the water retention capacity of culture material was decreased with the increasing of its grain size and porosity, but the decrease of its specific gravity reduced the material water retention. And the dehydration rate of medium prepared with these materials at the same moisture conditions tended to increase. These physical properties of material, such as grain size, specific gravity, porosity, water retention and water drainage, influenced the growth of white-rot fungi mycelial by affecting the moisture and ventilation condition of media. The results hinted that above material physical properties had feedback effects on the growth of white-rot fungi mycelia. [ Conclution] Physical properties of culture material have significant effects on the growth of white-rot fungi mycelial.
文摘The mechanical properties of the SiC fiber-reinforced Mg-Al metal matrix composite materials have been studied on internal microstructure by (scanning electron microscopy) SEM in-situ tensile test. The emergence and propagation of the crack, and the fracture behavior in materials have been observed and studied. It is found that in the case of the tensile test, the crack emerged in SiC fiber initially. In the case of the strong cohesion of the fiber-metal interface, the crack propagated in the fiber, meanwhile the fibers in the neighborhood of the cracked fiber began to crack and the Mg-Al metal deformed plastically, and at last the material fractured. Otherwise the toughness of the materials grows in the case of the lower cohesion of the fiber-metal matrix interface.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22103025,51833003,22173030,21975073,and 51621002).
文摘Polymeric materials with excellent performance are the foundation for developing high-level technology and advanced manufacturing.Polymeric material genome engineering(PMGE)is becoming a vital platform for the intelligent manufacturing of polymeric materials.However,the development of PMGE is still in its infancy,and many issues remain to be addressed.In this perspective,we elaborate on the PMGE concepts,summarize the state-of-the-art research and achievements,and highlight the challenges and prospects in this field.In particular,we focus on property estimation approaches,including property proxy prediction and machine learning prediction of polymer properties.The potential engineering applications of PMGE are discussed,including the fields of advanced composites,polymeric materials for communications,and integrated circuits.
基金Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (21231002,21276026,21271023,21173021,91022006,11202193,11172276,and 11072225)the 111 Project ( B07012)+1 种基金the Program of Cooperation of the Beijing Education Commission ( 20091739006)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education ( 20101101110031)
文摘The recent research progress of structure- and size-controlled micro/nano-energetic materials is reviewed, which properties are fundamentally different from those of their corresponding bulk materials. The development of the construction strategies for achieving zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) micro/nanostructures from energetic molecules is introduced. Also, an overview of the unique properties induced by micro/nanostructures and size effects is provided. Special emphasis is focused on the size-dependent properties that are different from those of the conventional micro-sized energetic materials, such as thermal decomposition, sensitivity, combustion and detonation, and compaction behaviors. A conclusion and our view of the future development of micro/nano-energetic materials and devices are given.
