We hypothesize that 100% of the energy of our cosmic system is held by a physically real Complex Tension Field (CTF). We are using an old methodology of thinking used by our forefather engineers long before the advent...We hypothesize that 100% of the energy of our cosmic system is held by a physically real Complex Tension Field (CTF). We are using an old methodology of thinking used by our forefather engineers long before the advent of modern scientific thinking. We call it Interaction Process Mapping Epistemology or IPM-E. We apply this IPM-E on to the prevailing Measurable Data Modeling Epistemology or MDM-E. This approach helped us analyze the “Measurement Problem”, recognized during the rise of quantum mechanics (QM), and helped us recover a universal property of all linear waves, that they do not interact, or interfere, with each other. This Non-Interaction of Waves, or the NIW-property, should be obvious through daily observations and through the Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral and through critical evaluation of contradictory hypotheses we have been assigning to photons through ages. This implicates that the time-frequency Fourier theorem, although mathematically correct, and is used universally in all branches of science;does not map the real physical interaction processes for most optical phenomena. Accordingly, we present the necessary modifications for a few selected phenomena in classical and quantum optics to validate the NIW-property. In the process we find that accepting photons as non-interacting, but diffractively propagating linear wave packets crossing the entire cosmic space, requires CTF as a physical medium. Then we develop logical arguments in support of stable elementary particles as nonlinear but resonant vortex-like undulations of this same CTF. These vortex-like particles impose various secondary potential gradients around themselves giving rise to the four forces we know. Thus, CTF can serve as the cosmic substrate to develop a unified field theory without the need of dark matter and dark energy. In the process, we demonstrate a path to add ontologic thinking on our biologically successful epistemic thinking.展开更多
The paper presents the case that physics is already and effectively unified by the energetic tension field, ether. We identify this integrating power of ether first, by re-defining the action generating parameters of ...The paper presents the case that physics is already and effectively unified by the energetic tension field, ether. We identify this integrating power of ether first, by re-defining the action generating parameters of this energetic tension field as the electric-tension, <img src="Edit_1233fa02-9a1c-416a-8153-196733a12887.png" alt="" />, and the magnetic-resistance, <em>μ</em><sub>0</sub>, while re-deriving the Maxwell’s wave equation in analogy with the mechanically stretched string, where the <img src="Edit_07813a1b-d94f-4e68-a3ed-b3023cd3fb5f.png" alt="" />. Then, replacing <img src="Edit_7d06fa1e-760d-4b80-a503-db81378a3512.png" alt="" /> by <img src="Edit_58f15ef0-2e86-42ae-a899-d0b4741f12d0.png" alt="" /> and <em>m</em><sub>0</sub> by <img src="Edit_f8cb7020-1a27-404a-b146-5c1357e1c5b5.png" alt="" />, one can find that almost all working physics theories are being energized by<img src="Edit_f860fcdd-1dc1-40bf-aaf1-e07b0e4a7524.png" alt="" />and <em>μ</em><sub>0</sub>. To complete the unification, we can now postulate that the particles are also freely propagating EM waves, but they are spatially localized as in-phase, close-looped (IP-CL) vortex-like propagation modes of ether. Because of their IP-CL mode structure, they have space-finite spatial structures and remain spatially stationary in the absence of any spatially influencing potential gradients (forces) in their vicinity. Particles’ <em>harmonic phase</em> driven interactions between quantum particles give birth to the <em>appearance</em> of wave-particle duality. There is no need for the confusing and unnecessary de Broglie’s Pilot Wave. The inertia to spatial motion of IP-CL modes automatically accommodates Newton’s laws of motion. The cosmic universality of Maxwellian wave velocity, and particles as IP-CL modes, jointly accommodate the two key postulates of special relativity without the need for unphysical four-dimensionality. The observable universe is represented only by its diverse oscillatory excited states. The stable and stationary Cosmic Ether keeps holding 100% of its energy all the time. We have proposed a one-way light pulse propagation experiment to directly validate the existence of ether, rather than approaching Michelson’s way of measuring the ether drag. We have identified a good number of examples of working theoretical expressions in terms of <img src="Edit_fd739625-efbd-4edd-9e1e-ba4ab5b7c07f.png" alt="" />and<em> μ</em><sub>0</sub> and presented our critical views in physics thinking, belonging to Classical, Relativity, Quantum and Cosmology Physics.展开更多
AIM：To compare the corneal biomechanical properties difference by ocular response analyzer（ORA） in normal tension glaucoma（NTG） patients with different visual field（VF） progression speed. METHODS：NTG patients ...AIM：To compare the corneal biomechanical properties difference by ocular response analyzer（ORA） in normal tension glaucoma（NTG） patients with different visual field（VF） progression speed. METHODS：NTG patients with well-controlled Goldmann applanation tonometer（GAT） who routinely consulted Kitasato University Hospital Glaucoma Department between January 2010 and February 2014 were enrolled.GAT and ORA parameters including corneal compensated intraocular pressure（lOPcc）,Goldmann estimated intraocular pressure（lOPg）,corneal hysteresis（CH）,corneal resistance factor（CRF） were recorded.VF was tested by Swedish interactive threshold algorithm（SITA）-standard 30-2 fields.All patients underwent VF measurement regularly and GAT did not exceed 15 mm Hg at any time during the 3y follow up.Patients were divided into four groups according to VF change over 3y,and ORA findings were compared between the upper 25th percentile group（slow progression group） and the lower 25th percentile group（rapid progression group）.RESULTS：Eighty-two eyes of 56 patients were studied.There were 21 eyes（21 patients） each in rapid and slow progression groups respectively.GAT,lOPcc,lOPg,CH,CRF were 12.1＋1.4 mm Hg,15.8±1.8 mm Hg,12.8±2.0 mm Hg,8.4±1.1 mm Hg,7.9±1.3 mm Hg respectively in rapid progression group and 11.5±1.3 mm Hg,13.5±2.1 mm Hg,11.2±1.6 mm Hg,9.3±1.1 mm Hg,8.2±0.9 mm Hg respectively in slow progression group（P=0.214,〈0.001,0.007,0.017,0.413,respectively）.In bivariate correlation analysis,lOPcc,lOPcc-GAT and CH were significant correlated with m△MD（r =-0.292,-0.312,0.228 respectively,P =0.008,0.004,0.039 respectively）.CONCLUSION：Relatively rapid VF progression occurred in NTG patients whose lOPcc are rather high,CH are rather low and the difference between lOPcc and GAT are relatively large.Higher lOPcc and lower CH are associated with VF progression in NTG patients.This study suggests that GAT measures might underestimate the IOP in such patients.展开更多
Surface tension and filling ability of molten metal play an important role on the shaping of the molten metal. The surface tension was calculated from wetting angles of the molten metal by the sessile drop method. The...Surface tension and filling ability of molten metal play an important role on the shaping of the molten metal. The surface tension was calculated from wetting angles of the molten metal by the sessile drop method. The specimen for filling ability was designed and the filling ability experiments under the alternative electromagnetic field were performed. The results show that the intensity and frequency of the alternative electromagnetic field have significant effects on the surface tension of the molten metal. The surface tension of Al-6%Si alloy decreases with increasing the intensity of the electromagnetic field. For pure Sn, the surface tension decreases gradually when the frequency of electromagnetic field is reduced. The filling ability is improved by applying the alternative electromagnetic field.展开更多
The description of the received new results of field geological (teсtonophysical) study of massifs of rocks is provided: tectonic jointing, explosive and folded deformations, mirrors of slidings, tectonic motions of ...The description of the received new results of field geological (teсtonophysical) study of massifs of rocks is provided: tectonic jointing, explosive and folded deformations, mirrors of slidings, tectonic motions of blocks of breeds. Reconstruction of fields of tension according to geological data of the certain massif of the Chatkalo-Kurama mountain area (Tien-Shan)—a coastal zone of the Charvak reservoir and the Almalyk mining industrial region is executed. The multidirectional motions of blocks of rocks in the massif of a coastal zone of the Charvak reservoir connected with tectonic and technogenic factors are revealed. The scheme of kinematics and the intense deformed condition of blocks of the Almalyk district is received. Here the regional field of tension with horizontal and submeridional orientation of an axis of the main normal tension of compression at the inclined provision of two other axes are observed. The received results testify to opportunities field the tectonophysical of methods for obtaining important data on kinematics and dynamics of massifs of rocks, tectonic blocks, and features of their deformation. Such studying of the massif of rocks before the beginning and in the course of performance of work on objects of the national economy is important for the choice of design and optimum parameters of laying of excavations, control of a condition of their boards and walls, definition of strategy of safety of conducting mining operations and also seismic stability of constructions.展开更多
The development of deepwater oil fields has reached a new stage with the dramatic increase in water depth and the recent increasing demands of the economic development in the filed. The use of a Tension Leg Platform ...The development of deepwater oil fields has reached a new stage with the dramatic increase in water depth and the recent increasing demands of the economic development in the filed. The use of a Tension Leg Platform （TIP） combined with other systems, such as Floating Production Storage and Offloading （FPSO） system, Floating Production Unit （FPU） system, Tender Assisted Drilling （TAD） system, etc., has drawn the industry attention and increased significantly in the past few years. For the areas lacking of pipeline system, the use of TIP（s） combined with FPSO has been chosen to efficiently develop the deepwater fields. The TIP with a Tender Assisted Drilling system significantly reduces the payload of the platform and reduces the investment in the TIP system substantially. This opens the door for many new deepwater field developments to use the tension leg platform. The advantage of the TIP combined with a TAD system is more significant when several TIPs are used for the continuous development of the field. One of the applications for the TIP with a tender assisted drilling system can be in the development of an offshore marginal field. Owing to the increase of water depth, the conventional fixed platform model for the exploration of those fields becomes uneconomical. It also would be too expensive to use a large TIP structure for those marginal fields due to the large amount of initial investment. The TIP system with tender assisted drilling can be used to develop those fields economically. There are many marginal fields in China offshore, especially in shelf areas. The application of this field developing model, combined with the existing field developing experience in China, will open the door for many marginal field developments. This paper will review the application of the combined TIP system through some examples of completed/ongoing projects, and major technical issues encountered in those practices. The potential application of this technology in China deepwater development will be discussed in the end.展开更多
Considering the effects of osmotic pressure, elastic bending, Maxwell pressure, surface tension, as well as flexo-electric and dielectric properties of phospholipid membrane, the shape equation for sphere vesicle in a...Considering the effects of osmotic pressure, elastic bending, Maxwell pressure, surface tension, as well as flexo-electric and dielectric properties of phospholipid membrane, the shape equation for sphere vesicle in alternation （AC） electric field is derived based on the liquid crystal model by minimizing the free energy due to coupled mechanical and AC electrical fields. Besides the effect of elastic bending, the influence of osmotic pressure and surface tension on the frequency dependent behavior of vesicle membrane in AC electric field is also discussed. Our theoretical results for membrane deformation are consistent with corresponding experiments. The present model provides the possibility to further disclose the frequency-depended behavior of biological cells in the coupled AC electric and different mechanical fields.展开更多
Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy characterized by the loss of peripheral vision first and then central vision. Clinically, normal tension glaucoma is considered a special subtype of glaucoma, in whi...Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy characterized by the loss of peripheral vision first and then central vision. Clinically, normal tension glaucoma is considered a special subtype of glaucoma, in which the patient’s intraocular pressure is within the normal range, but the patient experiences typical glaucomatous changes. However, increasing evidence has challenged the traditional pathophysiological view of normal tension glaucoma, which is based only on intraocular pressure, and breakthroughs in central nervous system imaging may now greatly increase our knowledge about the mechanisms underlying normal tension glaucoma. In this article, we review the latest progress in understanding the pathogenesis of normal tension glaucoma and in developing imaging techniques to detect it, to strengthen the appreciation for the connection between normal tension glaucoma and the brain.展开更多
文摘We hypothesize that 100% of the energy of our cosmic system is held by a physically real Complex Tension Field (CTF). We are using an old methodology of thinking used by our forefather engineers long before the advent of modern scientific thinking. We call it Interaction Process Mapping Epistemology or IPM-E. We apply this IPM-E on to the prevailing Measurable Data Modeling Epistemology or MDM-E. This approach helped us analyze the “Measurement Problem”, recognized during the rise of quantum mechanics (QM), and helped us recover a universal property of all linear waves, that they do not interact, or interfere, with each other. This Non-Interaction of Waves, or the NIW-property, should be obvious through daily observations and through the Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral and through critical evaluation of contradictory hypotheses we have been assigning to photons through ages. This implicates that the time-frequency Fourier theorem, although mathematically correct, and is used universally in all branches of science;does not map the real physical interaction processes for most optical phenomena. Accordingly, we present the necessary modifications for a few selected phenomena in classical and quantum optics to validate the NIW-property. In the process we find that accepting photons as non-interacting, but diffractively propagating linear wave packets crossing the entire cosmic space, requires CTF as a physical medium. Then we develop logical arguments in support of stable elementary particles as nonlinear but resonant vortex-like undulations of this same CTF. These vortex-like particles impose various secondary potential gradients around themselves giving rise to the four forces we know. Thus, CTF can serve as the cosmic substrate to develop a unified field theory without the need of dark matter and dark energy. In the process, we demonstrate a path to add ontologic thinking on our biologically successful epistemic thinking.
文摘The paper presents the case that physics is already and effectively unified by the energetic tension field, ether. We identify this integrating power of ether first, by re-defining the action generating parameters of this energetic tension field as the electric-tension, <img src="Edit_1233fa02-9a1c-416a-8153-196733a12887.png" alt="" />, and the magnetic-resistance, <em>μ</em><sub>0</sub>, while re-deriving the Maxwell’s wave equation in analogy with the mechanically stretched string, where the <img src="Edit_07813a1b-d94f-4e68-a3ed-b3023cd3fb5f.png" alt="" />. Then, replacing <img src="Edit_7d06fa1e-760d-4b80-a503-db81378a3512.png" alt="" /> by <img src="Edit_58f15ef0-2e86-42ae-a899-d0b4741f12d0.png" alt="" /> and <em>m</em><sub>0</sub> by <img src="Edit_f8cb7020-1a27-404a-b146-5c1357e1c5b5.png" alt="" />, one can find that almost all working physics theories are being energized by<img src="Edit_f860fcdd-1dc1-40bf-aaf1-e07b0e4a7524.png" alt="" />and <em>μ</em><sub>0</sub>. To complete the unification, we can now postulate that the particles are also freely propagating EM waves, but they are spatially localized as in-phase, close-looped (IP-CL) vortex-like propagation modes of ether. Because of their IP-CL mode structure, they have space-finite spatial structures and remain spatially stationary in the absence of any spatially influencing potential gradients (forces) in their vicinity. Particles’ <em>harmonic phase</em> driven interactions between quantum particles give birth to the <em>appearance</em> of wave-particle duality. There is no need for the confusing and unnecessary de Broglie’s Pilot Wave. The inertia to spatial motion of IP-CL modes automatically accommodates Newton’s laws of motion. The cosmic universality of Maxwellian wave velocity, and particles as IP-CL modes, jointly accommodate the two key postulates of special relativity without the need for unphysical four-dimensionality. The observable universe is represented only by its diverse oscillatory excited states. The stable and stationary Cosmic Ether keeps holding 100% of its energy all the time. We have proposed a one-way light pulse propagation experiment to directly validate the existence of ether, rather than approaching Michelson’s way of measuring the ether drag. We have identified a good number of examples of working theoretical expressions in terms of <img src="Edit_fd739625-efbd-4edd-9e1e-ba4ab5b7c07f.png" alt="" />and<em> μ</em><sub>0</sub> and presented our critical views in physics thinking, belonging to Classical, Relativity, Quantum and Cosmology Physics.
文摘AIM：To compare the corneal biomechanical properties difference by ocular response analyzer（ORA） in normal tension glaucoma（NTG） patients with different visual field（VF） progression speed. METHODS：NTG patients with well-controlled Goldmann applanation tonometer（GAT） who routinely consulted Kitasato University Hospital Glaucoma Department between January 2010 and February 2014 were enrolled.GAT and ORA parameters including corneal compensated intraocular pressure（lOPcc）,Goldmann estimated intraocular pressure（lOPg）,corneal hysteresis（CH）,corneal resistance factor（CRF） were recorded.VF was tested by Swedish interactive threshold algorithm（SITA）-standard 30-2 fields.All patients underwent VF measurement regularly and GAT did not exceed 15 mm Hg at any time during the 3y follow up.Patients were divided into four groups according to VF change over 3y,and ORA findings were compared between the upper 25th percentile group（slow progression group） and the lower 25th percentile group（rapid progression group）.RESULTS：Eighty-two eyes of 56 patients were studied.There were 21 eyes（21 patients） each in rapid and slow progression groups respectively.GAT,lOPcc,lOPg,CH,CRF were 12.1＋1.4 mm Hg,15.8±1.8 mm Hg,12.8±2.0 mm Hg,8.4±1.1 mm Hg,7.9±1.3 mm Hg respectively in rapid progression group and 11.5±1.3 mm Hg,13.5±2.1 mm Hg,11.2±1.6 mm Hg,9.3±1.1 mm Hg,8.2±0.9 mm Hg respectively in slow progression group（P=0.214,〈0.001,0.007,0.017,0.413,respectively）.In bivariate correlation analysis,lOPcc,lOPcc-GAT and CH were significant correlated with m△MD（r =-0.292,-0.312,0.228 respectively,P =0.008,0.004,0.039 respectively）.CONCLUSION：Relatively rapid VF progression occurred in NTG patients whose lOPcc are rather high,CH are rather low and the difference between lOPcc and GAT are relatively large.Higher lOPcc and lower CH are associated with VF progression in NTG patients.This study suggests that GAT measures might underestimate the IOP in such patients.
文摘Surface tension and filling ability of molten metal play an important role on the shaping of the molten metal. The surface tension was calculated from wetting angles of the molten metal by the sessile drop method. The specimen for filling ability was designed and the filling ability experiments under the alternative electromagnetic field were performed. The results show that the intensity and frequency of the alternative electromagnetic field have significant effects on the surface tension of the molten metal. The surface tension of Al-6%Si alloy decreases with increasing the intensity of the electromagnetic field. For pure Sn, the surface tension decreases gradually when the frequency of electromagnetic field is reduced. The filling ability is improved by applying the alternative electromagnetic field.
文摘The description of the received new results of field geological (teсtonophysical) study of massifs of rocks is provided: tectonic jointing, explosive and folded deformations, mirrors of slidings, tectonic motions of blocks of breeds. Reconstruction of fields of tension according to geological data of the certain massif of the Chatkalo-Kurama mountain area (Tien-Shan)—a coastal zone of the Charvak reservoir and the Almalyk mining industrial region is executed. The multidirectional motions of blocks of rocks in the massif of a coastal zone of the Charvak reservoir connected with tectonic and technogenic factors are revealed. The scheme of kinematics and the intense deformed condition of blocks of the Almalyk district is received. Here the regional field of tension with horizontal and submeridional orientation of an axis of the main normal tension of compression at the inclined provision of two other axes are observed. The received results testify to opportunities field the tectonophysical of methods for obtaining important data on kinematics and dynamics of massifs of rocks, tectonic blocks, and features of their deformation. Such studying of the massif of rocks before the beginning and in the course of performance of work on objects of the national economy is important for the choice of design and optimum parameters of laying of excavations, control of a condition of their boards and walls, definition of strategy of safety of conducting mining operations and also seismic stability of constructions.
文摘The development of deepwater oil fields has reached a new stage with the dramatic increase in water depth and the recent increasing demands of the economic development in the filed. The use of a Tension Leg Platform （TIP） combined with other systems, such as Floating Production Storage and Offloading （FPSO） system, Floating Production Unit （FPU） system, Tender Assisted Drilling （TAD） system, etc., has drawn the industry attention and increased significantly in the past few years. For the areas lacking of pipeline system, the use of TIP（s） combined with FPSO has been chosen to efficiently develop the deepwater fields. The TIP with a Tender Assisted Drilling system significantly reduces the payload of the platform and reduces the investment in the TIP system substantially. This opens the door for many new deepwater field developments to use the tension leg platform. The advantage of the TIP combined with a TAD system is more significant when several TIPs are used for the continuous development of the field. One of the applications for the TIP with a tender assisted drilling system can be in the development of an offshore marginal field. Owing to the increase of water depth, the conventional fixed platform model for the exploration of those fields becomes uneconomical. It also would be too expensive to use a large TIP structure for those marginal fields due to the large amount of initial investment. The TIP system with tender assisted drilling can be used to develop those fields economically. There are many marginal fields in China offshore, especially in shelf areas. The application of this field developing model, combined with the existing field developing experience in China, will open the door for many marginal field developments. This paper will review the application of the combined TIP system through some examples of completed/ongoing projects, and major technical issues encountered in those practices. The potential application of this technology in China deepwater development will be discussed in the end.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11272046)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET),and 111 Project
文摘Considering the effects of osmotic pressure, elastic bending, Maxwell pressure, surface tension, as well as flexo-electric and dielectric properties of phospholipid membrane, the shape equation for sphere vesicle in alternation （AC） electric field is derived based on the liquid crystal model by minimizing the free energy due to coupled mechanical and AC electrical fields. Besides the effect of elastic bending, the influence of osmotic pressure and surface tension on the frequency dependent behavior of vesicle membrane in AC electric field is also discussed. Our theoretical results for membrane deformation are consistent with corresponding experiments. The present model provides the possibility to further disclose the frequency-depended behavior of biological cells in the coupled AC electric and different mechanical fields.
基金supported in part by the National Basic Research Program of China,No.81300766(to XSM)the Cultivation and Innovation Fund from the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University,China,No.802168(to XSM)+2 种基金the fund of Leading Talents of Guangdong Province,China,No.87014002(to KFS)the fund of Ningxia Key Research and Development Program(Yinchuan,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China)Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities,China,No.B14036(to KFS)
文摘Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy characterized by the loss of peripheral vision first and then central vision. Clinically, normal tension glaucoma is considered a special subtype of glaucoma, in which the patient’s intraocular pressure is within the normal range, but the patient experiences typical glaucomatous changes. However, increasing evidence has challenged the traditional pathophysiological view of normal tension glaucoma, which is based only on intraocular pressure, and breakthroughs in central nervous system imaging may now greatly increase our knowledge about the mechanisms underlying normal tension glaucoma. In this article, we review the latest progress in understanding the pathogenesis of normal tension glaucoma and in developing imaging techniques to detect it, to strengthen the appreciation for the connection between normal tension glaucoma and the brain.
