There are three ways to manage earnings, namely, accruals earnings management, real activities manipulation, and shifting of core expense. The famous methods to manage earnings are accruals earnings management and rea...There are three ways to manage earnings, namely, accruals earnings management, real activities manipulation, and shifting of core expense. The famous methods to manage earnings are accruals earnings management and real activities manipulation. Usually, real activities manipulation is conducted on the going period. The action will increase the loss for the firms at the end of the period. To avoid the loss, managers will manage earnings through accruals （discretionary accruals）. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate whether real activities manipulation positively influences accruals earnings management. To investigate the issue, this study collected data from Indonesia Stock Exchange （IDX）. Samples of this study are the manufacturing companies. There are 196 firms from the year 2003 to 2007. The results of this study support the research hypothesis that real activities manipulation positively influences accruals earnings management. The higher the real activities manipulation effects, the higher the accruals earnings management at the end of the period.There are three ways to manage earnings, namely, accruals earnings management, real activities manipulation, and shifting of core expense. The famous methods to manage earnings are accruals earnings management and real activities manipulation. Usually, real activities manipulation is conducted on the going period. The action will increase the loss for the firms at the end of the period. To avoid the loss, managers will manage earnings through accruals （discretionary accruals）. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate whether real activities manipulation positively influences accruals earnings management. To investigate the issue, this study collected data from Indonesia Stock Exchange （IDX）. Samples of this study are the manufacturing companies. There are 196 firms from the year 2003 to 2007. The results of this study support the research hypothesis that real activities manipulation positively influences accruals earnings management. The higher the real activities manipulation effects, the higher the accruals earnings management at the end of the period.展开更多
Markets can get the confidence of investors enhancing the quality of governance and audit systems surrounding a firm. Financial reporting is a main component of them, being the basis for information necessary to inves...Markets can get the confidence of investors enhancing the quality of governance and audit systems surrounding a firm. Financial reporting is a main component of them, being the basis for information necessary to investors＇ decisions. Managers have a chance to manipulate information provided in financial statements, in order to offer a better image of a firm to its potential and effective investors. The objective of this study is to evaluate the possibility of detecting extreme cases of earnings management and to check the predictive ability of the discretionary accruals models on the event of fraudulent earnings restatement. Through the abuse of reporting incentives, a manager gives out false information that should be averted and punished by regulators in a fair market system. The authors check the efficacy of different earnings management detection models in predicting discretionary manipulations and study the correlation between the frequency of manipulation and the event of fraud.展开更多
Nowadays, earnings management is a hot issue, but most of the researches focus on the incentives of earnings management and few of them refer to the effect of audit quality on earnings management. In this study, we di...Nowadays, earnings management is a hot issue, but most of the researches focus on the incentives of earnings management and few of them refer to the effect of audit quality on earnings management. In this study, we directly examine the effect of external audit quality on earnings management by using discretionary accruals. We find that the discretionary accruals of non-dual audit companies are significantly greater than those of dual audit companies. We also find that clients of non-First Ten auditors intend to report greater discretionary accruals than those of First Ten auditors.展开更多
This study examines the relationship among independent boards of directors, board size, managerial share ownership （MSO）, and earnings quality. The study of these relationships is controlled by firm size based on a ...This study examines the relationship among independent boards of directors, board size, managerial share ownership （MSO）, and earnings quality. The study of these relationships is controlled by firm size based on a sample of 114 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange （TSE） for the period from 2008 to 2010. The results demonstrate that there was an insignificant positive relationship among independent boards of directors, managerial ownership, and earnings quality. Subsequent analysis shows an insignificant negative relationship between board size and earnings quality. It also provides evidence of the negative relationship between firm size as a control variable and earnings quality. This can be attributed to the fact that large firms are claimed to be politically sensitive and thus have the incentive to lessen variances in changes in their reported earnings.展开更多
Earnings management research has a long and rich history. The agency conflict, incentives, rationalization, opportunity plus having the capability among the managers to manipulate the financial statements lead them to...Earnings management research has a long and rich history. The agency conflict, incentives, rationalization, opportunity plus having the capability among the managers to manipulate the financial statements lead them to commit fraud. The loopholes in the standards or the deviation from real operational activities promote this situation to prolong. In relation to this issue, this study examines the earnings management behavior among fraud firms in Malaysia. Further, this study examines the relationship between accruals earnings management as a proxy variable for discretionary accruals and real earnings management as the proxy variable for discretionary cash flow. Sample of 57 alleged fraud firms was selected based on the fraudulent financial reporting offences announced in Bursa Malaysia website. The sample data are collected from public firms which committed fraud from 2001 to 2013. This study found a significant negative relationship between accruals earnings management and real earnings management among the fraud firms in Malaysia suggesting that these firms aggressively manage earnings downwards or upwards essentially to avoid regulators scrutiny apart from aiming to achieve personal incentives. The study significantly finds evidence that fraud firms manage earnings on a sequential basis between accruals earnings management and real earnings management prior to fraud year. The findings indicate that firms opt for real earnings management and make full use of its distinguished features of not easily traceable to continue managing earnings immediately subsequent to fraud year. This study may assist regulators, auditors, and policymakers to curb earnings management patterns that have high likelihood of becoming part of fraud antecedent.展开更多
The main objective of this study is to examine the nature relationship between book-tax ratio and earnings quality of listed firms in Nigeria. The other specific objective is to assess the level of earnings quality of...The main objective of this study is to examine the nature relationship between book-tax ratio and earnings quality of listed firms in Nigeria. The other specific objective is to assess the level of earnings quality of listed firms in Nigeria. The expo facto design was adopted for this study on 47 listed firms on the Nigeria Stock Exchange. This design relies on secondary data in exploring the relationship between book-tax ratio and earnings quality. The result revealed that book-tax ratio has no significant positive association with earnings quality of listed firms in Nigeria. This suggests that taxable income does not convey additional incremental information on earnings with respect to contemporaneous stock returns and accruals. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the few studies that have investigated the relationship between book-tax ratio and earnings quality in different sectors in Nigeria. The result has implication on capital market and earnings quality. Thus, the result of this study will be useful to capital market regulators, standard setters, and future researchers.展开更多
Earnings management has attracted lots of academicians towards the research due to the emerging frauds and downfall of great corporate giants of the world. Mainly earnings measurement is based on the accounting estima...Earnings management has attracted lots of academicians towards the research due to the emerging frauds and downfall of great corporate giants of the world. Mainly earnings measurement is based on the accounting estimates which managers can easily manipulate for their self-interest. The study investigates the relationship between cost of capital and the earnings measurement for the Indian firms. Measurement of earnings is mostly computed by taking either discretionary accruals （DAC） or non-discretionary accruals （NDAC）. Present study has used Dechow, Sloan, and Sweeney （1995） model for earnings measurement and for analyzing the results. Panel data regression has also been used. Findings of the study conclude that DAC has a significant influence on cost of capital, but NDAC has no influence.展开更多
Good corporate reputations are critical not only because of the potential for value creation, but also because their intangible character makes replication by competing firms considerably more difficult. This paper te...Good corporate reputations are critical not only because of the potential for value creation, but also because their intangible character makes replication by competing firms considerably more difficult. This paper tests the relationship between the reputation and the earnings quality. Through a partial correlation test and a regression test, I do find the evidence that the reputation is not only positively correlated with superior earnings quality, but also does have positive effect on superior earnings quality, as well as the superior total sales do in Chinese public companies.展开更多
This study investigates the relationship between earnings management and financial statements frauds.We examine how earnings management practices;done in the two years before the fraud,impact the likelihood of fraud o...This study investigates the relationship between earnings management and financial statements frauds.We examine how earnings management practices;done in the two years before the fraud,impact the likelihood of fraud occurrence.Moreover,we introduce a new measure for the fraud intensity.Using a sample of 70 fraud and 70 no-fraud firms,we find that firms committing fraud of higher intensity have managed earnings in the two years before the fraud occurrence.This paper contributes to the literature about fraud antecedents because it is the first study measuring the relationship between earnings management and the intensity of the fraud,and it can be also useful for practitioners,because using the analysis of earnings management practices,analysts can foresee and prevent financial statements frauds.展开更多
For the purpose of analyzing the private equity investment return, this paper investigates the extent to which current earnings performance persisting into future depends on the components of earnings, and tries to fi...For the purpose of analyzing the private equity investment return, this paper investigates the extent to which current earnings performance persisting into future depends on the components of earnings, and tries to find out whether stock price reflects the information of earnings. Comparing to accrued components of earnings, cash flow components of earnings has more explanatory ability for abnormal returns and with higher persistence, especially for new economic industry. Eventually we find that investors＇ inability to distinguish correctly among the components of earnings. Constructing a portfolio based on the magnitudes of accrued components of earnings, we can earn 4% to 13% of excess returns for new economic industry and general industry.展开更多
Persistency of earnings is an important measure of eamings quality. It is generally accepted that the more the persistency is, the higher the quality of earnings is. We analyze the characteristic factors influencing e...Persistency of earnings is an important measure of eamings quality. It is generally accepted that the more the persistency is, the higher the quality of earnings is. We analyze the characteristic factors influencing earnings persistency, use data of A-share listed companies during 1998-2004, and find that earnings persistency is significantly related to the nature of earnings, the cash content of earnings and the quality of accruals.展开更多
This paper studies the issue of earnings management of loss listed companies in our country. We find that the loss llsted companies did not make any significant profit-making earnings management during the first loss ...This paper studies the issue of earnings management of loss listed companies in our country. We find that the loss llsted companies did not make any significant profit-making earnings management during the first loss year, while in the turning-around year, they made clear profit-making earnings management. This shows that the loss listed companies in order to avoid continuous losses, to prevent the company＇s stock price continued to decline, will be in the loss-making annual profit management.展开更多
Earnings management is an important topic in modern financial accounting. With the development of social economy, practical circles and theory circles have studied the earnings management more and more carefully. In t...Earnings management is an important topic in modern financial accounting. With the development of social economy, practical circles and theory circles have studied the earnings management more and more carefully. In this paper, we will contrast accrual earnings management with real earnings management in definition, motivation, approach, and economic consequences, and hope to provide some suggestions for our government.展开更多
In recent years, there have been a lot of domestic and foreign earnings manipulations. Therefore, it is of great significance to study earnings management and its influencing factors in order to restrict earnings mana...In recent years, there have been a lot of domestic and foreign earnings manipulations. Therefore, it is of great significance to study earnings management and its influencing factors in order to restrict earnings management and ensure the quality of accounting information. This paper studies the impact of internal control related earnings management, and incorporates equity incentives into the impact analysis framework of internal control related earnings management, and studies the effect of equity incentives on the relationship between internal control and accrued earnings management.展开更多
This paper studies the issue of earnings management of loss listed companies in our country. We lind that the loss listed companies did not make any significant profit-making earnings management during the first loss ...This paper studies the issue of earnings management of loss listed companies in our country. We lind that the loss listed companies did not make any significant profit-making earnings management during the first loss year, while in the turning-around year. they made clear profit-making earnings management. This shows that the loss listed companies in order to avoid continuous losses, to prevent the company＇s stock price continued to decline, will be in the loss-making annual profit management.展开更多
文摘There are three ways to manage earnings, namely, accruals earnings management, real activities manipulation, and shifting of core expense. The famous methods to manage earnings are accruals earnings management and real activities manipulation. Usually, real activities manipulation is conducted on the going period. The action will increase the loss for the firms at the end of the period. To avoid the loss, managers will manage earnings through accruals （discretionary accruals）. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate whether real activities manipulation positively influences accruals earnings management. To investigate the issue, this study collected data from Indonesia Stock Exchange （IDX）. Samples of this study are the manufacturing companies. There are 196 firms from the year 2003 to 2007. The results of this study support the research hypothesis that real activities manipulation positively influences accruals earnings management. The higher the real activities manipulation effects, the higher the accruals earnings management at the end of the period.There are three ways to manage earnings, namely, accruals earnings management, real activities manipulation, and shifting of core expense. The famous methods to manage earnings are accruals earnings management and real activities manipulation. Usually, real activities manipulation is conducted on the going period. The action will increase the loss for the firms at the end of the period. To avoid the loss, managers will manage earnings through accruals （discretionary accruals）. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate whether real activities manipulation positively influences accruals earnings management. To investigate the issue, this study collected data from Indonesia Stock Exchange （IDX）. Samples of this study are the manufacturing companies. There are 196 firms from the year 2003 to 2007. The results of this study support the research hypothesis that real activities manipulation positively influences accruals earnings management. The higher the real activities manipulation effects, the higher the accruals earnings management at the end of the period.
文摘Markets can get the confidence of investors enhancing the quality of governance and audit systems surrounding a firm. Financial reporting is a main component of them, being the basis for information necessary to investors＇ decisions. Managers have a chance to manipulate information provided in financial statements, in order to offer a better image of a firm to its potential and effective investors. The objective of this study is to evaluate the possibility of detecting extreme cases of earnings management and to check the predictive ability of the discretionary accruals models on the event of fraudulent earnings restatement. Through the abuse of reporting incentives, a manager gives out false information that should be averted and punished by regulators in a fair market system. The authors check the efficacy of different earnings management detection models in predicting discretionary manipulations and study the correlation between the frequency of manipulation and the event of fraud.
文摘Nowadays, earnings management is a hot issue, but most of the researches focus on the incentives of earnings management and few of them refer to the effect of audit quality on earnings management. In this study, we directly examine the effect of external audit quality on earnings management by using discretionary accruals. We find that the discretionary accruals of non-dual audit companies are significantly greater than those of dual audit companies. We also find that clients of non-First Ten auditors intend to report greater discretionary accruals than those of First Ten auditors.
文摘This study examines the relationship among independent boards of directors, board size, managerial share ownership （MSO）, and earnings quality. The study of these relationships is controlled by firm size based on a sample of 114 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange （TSE） for the period from 2008 to 2010. The results demonstrate that there was an insignificant positive relationship among independent boards of directors, managerial ownership, and earnings quality. Subsequent analysis shows an insignificant negative relationship between board size and earnings quality. It also provides evidence of the negative relationship between firm size as a control variable and earnings quality. This can be attributed to the fact that large firms are claimed to be politically sensitive and thus have the incentive to lessen variances in changes in their reported earnings.
文摘Earnings management research has a long and rich history. The agency conflict, incentives, rationalization, opportunity plus having the capability among the managers to manipulate the financial statements lead them to commit fraud. The loopholes in the standards or the deviation from real operational activities promote this situation to prolong. In relation to this issue, this study examines the earnings management behavior among fraud firms in Malaysia. Further, this study examines the relationship between accruals earnings management as a proxy variable for discretionary accruals and real earnings management as the proxy variable for discretionary cash flow. Sample of 57 alleged fraud firms was selected based on the fraudulent financial reporting offences announced in Bursa Malaysia website. The sample data are collected from public firms which committed fraud from 2001 to 2013. This study found a significant negative relationship between accruals earnings management and real earnings management among the fraud firms in Malaysia suggesting that these firms aggressively manage earnings downwards or upwards essentially to avoid regulators scrutiny apart from aiming to achieve personal incentives. The study significantly finds evidence that fraud firms manage earnings on a sequential basis between accruals earnings management and real earnings management prior to fraud year. The findings indicate that firms opt for real earnings management and make full use of its distinguished features of not easily traceable to continue managing earnings immediately subsequent to fraud year. This study may assist regulators, auditors, and policymakers to curb earnings management patterns that have high likelihood of becoming part of fraud antecedent.
文摘The main objective of this study is to examine the nature relationship between book-tax ratio and earnings quality of listed firms in Nigeria. The other specific objective is to assess the level of earnings quality of listed firms in Nigeria. The expo facto design was adopted for this study on 47 listed firms on the Nigeria Stock Exchange. This design relies on secondary data in exploring the relationship between book-tax ratio and earnings quality. The result revealed that book-tax ratio has no significant positive association with earnings quality of listed firms in Nigeria. This suggests that taxable income does not convey additional incremental information on earnings with respect to contemporaneous stock returns and accruals. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the few studies that have investigated the relationship between book-tax ratio and earnings quality in different sectors in Nigeria. The result has implication on capital market and earnings quality. Thus, the result of this study will be useful to capital market regulators, standard setters, and future researchers.
文摘Earnings management has attracted lots of academicians towards the research due to the emerging frauds and downfall of great corporate giants of the world. Mainly earnings measurement is based on the accounting estimates which managers can easily manipulate for their self-interest. The study investigates the relationship between cost of capital and the earnings measurement for the Indian firms. Measurement of earnings is mostly computed by taking either discretionary accruals （DAC） or non-discretionary accruals （NDAC）. Present study has used Dechow, Sloan, and Sweeney （1995） model for earnings measurement and for analyzing the results. Panel data regression has also been used. Findings of the study conclude that DAC has a significant influence on cost of capital, but NDAC has no influence.
文摘Good corporate reputations are critical not only because of the potential for value creation, but also because their intangible character makes replication by competing firms considerably more difficult. This paper tests the relationship between the reputation and the earnings quality. Through a partial correlation test and a regression test, I do find the evidence that the reputation is not only positively correlated with superior earnings quality, but also does have positive effect on superior earnings quality, as well as the superior total sales do in Chinese public companies.
文摘This study investigates the relationship between earnings management and financial statements frauds.We examine how earnings management practices;done in the two years before the fraud,impact the likelihood of fraud occurrence.Moreover,we introduce a new measure for the fraud intensity.Using a sample of 70 fraud and 70 no-fraud firms,we find that firms committing fraud of higher intensity have managed earnings in the two years before the fraud occurrence.This paper contributes to the literature about fraud antecedents because it is the first study measuring the relationship between earnings management and the intensity of the fraud,and it can be also useful for practitioners,because using the analysis of earnings management practices,analysts can foresee and prevent financial statements frauds.
文摘For the purpose of analyzing the private equity investment return, this paper investigates the extent to which current earnings performance persisting into future depends on the components of earnings, and tries to find out whether stock price reflects the information of earnings. Comparing to accrued components of earnings, cash flow components of earnings has more explanatory ability for abnormal returns and with higher persistence, especially for new economic industry. Eventually we find that investors＇ inability to distinguish correctly among the components of earnings. Constructing a portfolio based on the magnitudes of accrued components of earnings, we can earn 4% to 13% of excess returns for new economic industry and general industry.
文摘Persistency of earnings is an important measure of eamings quality. It is generally accepted that the more the persistency is, the higher the quality of earnings is. We analyze the characteristic factors influencing earnings persistency, use data of A-share listed companies during 1998-2004, and find that earnings persistency is significantly related to the nature of earnings, the cash content of earnings and the quality of accruals.
文摘This paper studies the issue of earnings management of loss listed companies in our country. We find that the loss llsted companies did not make any significant profit-making earnings management during the first loss year, while in the turning-around year, they made clear profit-making earnings management. This shows that the loss listed companies in order to avoid continuous losses, to prevent the company＇s stock price continued to decline, will be in the loss-making annual profit management.
文摘Earnings management is an important topic in modern financial accounting. With the development of social economy, practical circles and theory circles have studied the earnings management more and more carefully. In this paper, we will contrast accrual earnings management with real earnings management in definition, motivation, approach, and economic consequences, and hope to provide some suggestions for our government.
文摘In recent years, there have been a lot of domestic and foreign earnings manipulations. Therefore, it is of great significance to study earnings management and its influencing factors in order to restrict earnings management and ensure the quality of accounting information. This paper studies the impact of internal control related earnings management, and incorporates equity incentives into the impact analysis framework of internal control related earnings management, and studies the effect of equity incentives on the relationship between internal control and accrued earnings management.
文摘This paper studies the issue of earnings management of loss listed companies in our country. We lind that the loss listed companies did not make any significant profit-making earnings management during the first loss year, while in the turning-around year. they made clear profit-making earnings management. This shows that the loss listed companies in order to avoid continuous losses, to prevent the company＇s stock price continued to decline, will be in the loss-making annual profit management.
