On December 4,2023,the China Society for Human Rights Studies hosted a seminar in Beijing commemorating the 75^(th) Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.Participants discussed topics such as the si...On December 4,2023,the China Society for Human Rights Studies hosted a seminar in Beijing commemorating the 75^(th) Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.Participants discussed topics such as the significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,China’s theories and practices in respecting and safeguarding human rights,the three global initiatives and global human rights governance,human rights protection in the digital age,and telling Chinese stories of human rights in the new era.The discussions led to a broad consensus and achieved positive results.展开更多
The author of this paper once attempted to propose a unified framework for gauge fields based on the mathematical and physical picture of the principal fiber bundle: that is, to believe that our universe may have more...The author of this paper once attempted to propose a unified framework for gauge fields based on the mathematical and physical picture of the principal fiber bundle: that is, to believe that our universe may have more fundamental interactions than the four, and these fundamental gauge fields are only components on the bottom manifold (i.e. our universe) projected by a unified gauge potential of the principal fiber bundle manifold;these components can satisfy the transformation of gauge potential, or even be transformed from one basic interaction gauge potential to another basic interaction gauge potential, and can be summarized into a unified equation, namely the generalized gauge equation expression, corresponding to gauge transformation invariance;so the invariance of gauge transformation is a necessary condition for unified field theory, and the four (or more) fundamental interaction fields of the universe are unified in a unified gauge field defined by the connection on the principal fiber bundle. In this paper, the author continues to propose a model of large-scale (gravitational) fundamental interactions in the universe based on the mathematical and physical picture of the principal fiber bundle, attempting to explain that dark matter and dark energy are merely reflections of these gravitational fundamental interactions that deviate in intensity from the gravitational fundamental interactions of the solar system at galaxy scales or some cosmic scales which are much larger than the solar system. All these “gravitational” fundamental interactions originate from the unified gauge field of the universe, namely the connection or curvature on the principal fiber bundle. These interactions are their projected representations on the bottom manifold (i.e. our universe) by different cross-sections (gauge transformations). These projection representations of the universe certainly are described by the generalized gauge equation or curvature similarity equation, and under the guidance of curvature gauge transformation factors, oscillate and evolve between the curvatures 1→0→-1→0→1 of the universe.展开更多
Known models of the Universe development are discussed in the present work. At present it is not possible to state what model is true among the suggested ones because all models are based on the assumptions a validity...Known models of the Universe development are discussed in the present work. At present it is not possible to state what model is true among the suggested ones because all models are based on the assumptions a validity of which is scarcely determined. There are plenty of reasons, and the most important ones are impossibility of experiments performance on a global scale, very short time of nature study and low accuracy of determination of fundamental phy- sical constants to check their possible drift. In the most of models the intellect is an unnecessary attribute. Mankind is only an inner insignificant observer in the Universe. Small changes which Humanity can produce on the Earth don’t modify our planet on a global scale. However besides changes in the material world Mankind can create intellectual valuables. Large information content can be stored, integrate and process using computers. We have no any principle restrictions in advance of the com- puter engineering. Therefore we propose a new model of the Universe development which is based on the increasing facilities of our Mankind. In this model the Earth is considered as an analogue of supercomputer. Under certain circumstances Mankind is ready to carry out information processing for other civilizations, but such civilizations have not yet been found. The Creators of the Universe could be other customers. Computer-like model of the Universe suggests a communication with the Creators in future for execution of their calculation orders. However this model is not complete because of lack of high rate of information transfer for long distances.展开更多
We study the color and star formation rates of paired galaxies in filaments and sheets using the EAGLE simulations.We find that the major pairs with pair separation<50 kpc are bluer and more star-forming in filamen...We study the color and star formation rates of paired galaxies in filaments and sheets using the EAGLE simulations.We find that the major pairs with pair separation<50 kpc are bluer and more star-forming in filamentary environments compared to those hosted in sheet-like environments.This trend reverses beyond a pair separation of~50 kpc.The interacting pairs with larger separations(>50 kpc)in filaments are on average redder and low-star-forming compared to those embedded in sheets.The galaxies in filaments and sheets may have different stellar mass and cold gas mass distributions.Using a KS test,we find that for paired galaxies with pair separation<50 kpc,there are no significant differences in these properties in sheets and filaments.The filaments transport gas toward the cluster of galaxies.Some earlier studies find preferential alignment of galaxy pairs with the filament axis.Such alignment of galaxy pairs may lead to different gas accretion efficiency in galaxies residing in filaments and sheets.We propose that the enhancement of star formation rate at smaller pair separation in filaments is caused by the alignment of galaxy pairs.A recent study with SDSS data reports the same findings.The confirmation of these results by the EAGLE simulations suggests that the hydrodynamical simulations are powerful theoretical tools for studying galaxy formation and evolution in the cosmic web.展开更多
Dark matter is identified as negative relative energy between quarks in proton and is generated in cold hydrogen gas with pressure gradient in gravitational field. Positive relative energy PRE can be generated between...Dark matter is identified as negative relative energy between quarks in proton and is generated in cold hydrogen gas with pressure gradient in gravitational field. Positive relative energy PRE can be generated between quarks in protons in cold hydrogen gas in outskirts of the universe. The mechanisms for such creation of dark matter and PRE are reviewed and updated in greater detail and clearer manner. The so-generated dark matter in a galaxy can account for the galaxy’s rotation curve. Star formation in this galaxy uses up the hydrogen atoms and thereby reduces its dark matter content. Dark matter created in intergalactic hydrogen gas can form filaments. In a hypothetical model of the universe, a hydrogen atom with a small amount of negative relative energy or dark matter at the outskirts of this universe can via collisions with other atoms turn into one with a small positive relative energy PRE. Once such a sign change takes place, gravitational attraction switches to anti-gravity repulsion unopposed by any pressure gradient. This leads to a “run away” hydrogen atom moving away from the mass center of the universe and provides a basic mechanism for the accelerating expansion of the universe. This theoretical expansion and the measured redshift data are both compatible with the conception of an acceleratingly expanding universe and complement each other. But they cannot verify each other directly because the present model has been constructed for purposes different from those of the measurements. But it can be shown that both approaches do support each other qualitatively under certain circumstances for small velocities. Dark matter and PRE in the present model are not foreign objects like WIMPs and dark energy-cosmological constant but can only be created in cold hydrogen gas in gravitational field. To achieve this, infrequent collisions among the hydrogen atoms must take place. Dark matter was created first and can eventually later evolve into PRE in the outskirts of the universe and in the intergalactic void. Dark matter and PRE will disappear if the hydrogen atom carrying them becomes ionized as in stars.展开更多
After researching carefully the well known M. Planck’s law of the black-body radiation, the quantum theory of field and the Einstein’s postulates about interaction of the photon with the atoms, there are a lot of un...After researching carefully the well known M. Planck’s law of the black-body radiation, the quantum theory of field and the Einstein’s postulates about interaction of the photon with the atoms, there are a lot of unclear questions about photon and its interaction with atom. From all the above questions, there are three main following questions: Why does the energy of a light mode include zero-point energy? Where does the first photon come from in universe? and What is the first fact as a reason of absorption, emission in the photon-atom interaction? To find out the acceptable answers, here we propose postulates about the zero-photon and then about the new concepts of photon. Using them, we have tried to describe the basic characters of the photon and explain the photon-atom interaction in other way: the spin-spin interaction. Our results showed out the different picture of mechanism of the photon-atom interaction, the existence of the zero-photon energy, the absorption as well as the emission rule and its probabilities.展开更多
Great experimental results and observations achieved by Astronomy in the last decades revealed new unexplainable phenomena. Astronomers have conclusive new evidence that a recently discovered “dark galaxy” is, in fa...Great experimental results and observations achieved by Astronomy in the last decades revealed new unexplainable phenomena. Astronomers have conclusive new evidence that a recently discovered “dark galaxy” is, in fact, an object the size of a galaxy, made entirely of dark matter. They found that the speed of the Earth’s rotation varies randomly each day. 115 years ago, the Tunguska Event was observed, and astronomers still do not have an explanation of It. Main results of the present article are: 1) Dark galaxies explained by the spinning of their Dark Matter Cores with the surface speed at equator less than the escape velocity. Their Rotational Fission is not happening. Extrasolar systems do not emerge;2) 21-cm Emission explained by the self-annihilation of Dark Matter particles XIONs (5.3 μeV);3) Sun-Earth-Moon Interaction explained by the influence of the Sun’s and the Moon’s magnetic field on the electrical currents of the charged Geomagma (the 660-km layer), and, as a result, the Earth’s daylength varies;4) Tunguska Event explained by a huge atmospheric explosion of the Superbolide, which was a stable Dark Matter Bubble before entering the Earth’s atmosphere.展开更多
Universe life includes the universe realm, the life realm, human society and man-made materials. Each life has four grades.There are four different “me” in each life: true me, Yang me, Yin me and conscious me. True ...Universe life includes the universe realm, the life realm, human society and man-made materials. Each life has four grades.There are four different “me” in each life: true me, Yang me, Yin me and conscious me. True me never dies while Yang me, Yin meand conscious me all appear and go. The heart of life is also a system consisting of four grades (true heart + Yang me heart + Yin meheart + conscious heart). Life is a four-seasonal whole dominated by heart. True me is true while Yang me, Yin me and conscious meare false. The general law of the universe is an operating body of general rules. Both the operating body of general rules and the lifebody are combination of the true and the false. The operating body of general rules is a body with two aspects and the combinationand an autonomous operation of movement with stillness, gathering with parting and rising with falling. The operating body ofgeneral rules dominated by true me is the universe body. The essential features of the universe body include: 1) it is empty;2) it isabsolutely quiet;3) it exists forever;4) it contains seeds for everything;5) it generates everything in the universe;6) it is solid andwill never break;7) its power is King Kong power. The zero-state of the galaxy is its basic state and the giant blank zone of theuniverse. The galaxy’s turning from zero-state into one-state is getting something from nothing. The operating of general rule ispresented as the four-seasonal movement or metabolism of life. It is a continuity of movement and stillness (life and death) and aprocess of something interacting with nothing. The modes of reproduction of life consist of self-generation, generation byaugmentation and generation by transformation. The Milky Way Galaxy, the solar system and the earth are inorganic life withreproductive system and reproductive capacity. In the positive-going evolution, their inner morality power gradually decreases andundergoes different states and structures. Internal intercourse generates different lives. In the early days of the earth, the temperaturewas high and inorganic lives first appeared: humans, animals, plants and bacteria. When the temperature dropped to a proper degree,organic lives then appeared: bacteria, plants, animals and humans. Now, new lives are still appearing on the earth.展开更多
This article taking national current affairs decisions as entry points, the theory related to regional economy as basis, analyzes the development relation between regional economy and local universities, thus puts for...This article taking national current affairs decisions as entry points, the theory related to regional economy as basis, analyzes the development relation between regional economy and local universities, thus puts forward countermeasures to achieve the interactive and coordinating development of Hebei coastal regional economy and local universities.展开更多
The Decision of CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Full Implementation of the Universal Two-child policy and Innovation and Improvement of Family Planning Service Management（Hereinafterreferred to as the ...The Decision of CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Full Implementation of the Universal Two-child policy and Innovation and Improvement of Family Planning Service Management（Hereinafterreferred to as the Decision）was announced on January 5,2016.China will implement a birth registration service system.展开更多
文摘On December 4,2023,the China Society for Human Rights Studies hosted a seminar in Beijing commemorating the 75^(th) Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.Participants discussed topics such as the significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,China’s theories and practices in respecting and safeguarding human rights,the three global initiatives and global human rights governance,human rights protection in the digital age,and telling Chinese stories of human rights in the new era.The discussions led to a broad consensus and achieved positive results.
文摘The author of this paper once attempted to propose a unified framework for gauge fields based on the mathematical and physical picture of the principal fiber bundle: that is, to believe that our universe may have more fundamental interactions than the four, and these fundamental gauge fields are only components on the bottom manifold (i.e. our universe) projected by a unified gauge potential of the principal fiber bundle manifold;these components can satisfy the transformation of gauge potential, or even be transformed from one basic interaction gauge potential to another basic interaction gauge potential, and can be summarized into a unified equation, namely the generalized gauge equation expression, corresponding to gauge transformation invariance;so the invariance of gauge transformation is a necessary condition for unified field theory, and the four (or more) fundamental interaction fields of the universe are unified in a unified gauge field defined by the connection on the principal fiber bundle. In this paper, the author continues to propose a model of large-scale (gravitational) fundamental interactions in the universe based on the mathematical and physical picture of the principal fiber bundle, attempting to explain that dark matter and dark energy are merely reflections of these gravitational fundamental interactions that deviate in intensity from the gravitational fundamental interactions of the solar system at galaxy scales or some cosmic scales which are much larger than the solar system. All these “gravitational” fundamental interactions originate from the unified gauge field of the universe, namely the connection or curvature on the principal fiber bundle. These interactions are their projected representations on the bottom manifold (i.e. our universe) by different cross-sections (gauge transformations). These projection representations of the universe certainly are described by the generalized gauge equation or curvature similarity equation, and under the guidance of curvature gauge transformation factors, oscillate and evolve between the curvatures 1→0→-1→0→1 of the universe.
文摘Known models of the Universe development are discussed in the present work. At present it is not possible to state what model is true among the suggested ones because all models are based on the assumptions a validity of which is scarcely determined. There are plenty of reasons, and the most important ones are impossibility of experiments performance on a global scale, very short time of nature study and low accuracy of determination of fundamental phy- sical constants to check their possible drift. In the most of models the intellect is an unnecessary attribute. Mankind is only an inner insignificant observer in the Universe. Small changes which Humanity can produce on the Earth don’t modify our planet on a global scale. However besides changes in the material world Mankind can create intellectual valuables. Large information content can be stored, integrate and process using computers. We have no any principle restrictions in advance of the com- puter engineering. Therefore we propose a new model of the Universe development which is based on the increasing facilities of our Mankind. In this model the Earth is considered as an analogue of supercomputer. Under certain circumstances Mankind is ready to carry out information processing for other civilizations, but such civilizations have not yet been found. The Creators of the Universe could be other customers. Computer-like model of the Universe suggests a communication with the Creators in future for execution of their calculation orders. However this model is not complete because of lack of high rate of information transfer for long distances.
基金financial support from the SERB,DST,Government of India through the project CRG/2019/001110support from IUCAA,Pune through the associateship programDST,Government of India for support through a National Post Doctoral Fellowship(N-PDF)。
文摘We study the color and star formation rates of paired galaxies in filaments and sheets using the EAGLE simulations.We find that the major pairs with pair separation<50 kpc are bluer and more star-forming in filamentary environments compared to those hosted in sheet-like environments.This trend reverses beyond a pair separation of~50 kpc.The interacting pairs with larger separations(>50 kpc)in filaments are on average redder and low-star-forming compared to those embedded in sheets.The galaxies in filaments and sheets may have different stellar mass and cold gas mass distributions.Using a KS test,we find that for paired galaxies with pair separation<50 kpc,there are no significant differences in these properties in sheets and filaments.The filaments transport gas toward the cluster of galaxies.Some earlier studies find preferential alignment of galaxy pairs with the filament axis.Such alignment of galaxy pairs may lead to different gas accretion efficiency in galaxies residing in filaments and sheets.We propose that the enhancement of star formation rate at smaller pair separation in filaments is caused by the alignment of galaxy pairs.A recent study with SDSS data reports the same findings.The confirmation of these results by the EAGLE simulations suggests that the hydrodynamical simulations are powerful theoretical tools for studying galaxy formation and evolution in the cosmic web.
文摘Dark matter is identified as negative relative energy between quarks in proton and is generated in cold hydrogen gas with pressure gradient in gravitational field. Positive relative energy PRE can be generated between quarks in protons in cold hydrogen gas in outskirts of the universe. The mechanisms for such creation of dark matter and PRE are reviewed and updated in greater detail and clearer manner. The so-generated dark matter in a galaxy can account for the galaxy’s rotation curve. Star formation in this galaxy uses up the hydrogen atoms and thereby reduces its dark matter content. Dark matter created in intergalactic hydrogen gas can form filaments. In a hypothetical model of the universe, a hydrogen atom with a small amount of negative relative energy or dark matter at the outskirts of this universe can via collisions with other atoms turn into one with a small positive relative energy PRE. Once such a sign change takes place, gravitational attraction switches to anti-gravity repulsion unopposed by any pressure gradient. This leads to a “run away” hydrogen atom moving away from the mass center of the universe and provides a basic mechanism for the accelerating expansion of the universe. This theoretical expansion and the measured redshift data are both compatible with the conception of an acceleratingly expanding universe and complement each other. But they cannot verify each other directly because the present model has been constructed for purposes different from those of the measurements. But it can be shown that both approaches do support each other qualitatively under certain circumstances for small velocities. Dark matter and PRE in the present model are not foreign objects like WIMPs and dark energy-cosmological constant but can only be created in cold hydrogen gas in gravitational field. To achieve this, infrequent collisions among the hydrogen atoms must take place. Dark matter was created first and can eventually later evolve into PRE in the outskirts of the universe and in the intergalactic void. Dark matter and PRE will disappear if the hydrogen atom carrying them becomes ionized as in stars.
文摘After researching carefully the well known M. Planck’s law of the black-body radiation, the quantum theory of field and the Einstein’s postulates about interaction of the photon with the atoms, there are a lot of unclear questions about photon and its interaction with atom. From all the above questions, there are three main following questions: Why does the energy of a light mode include zero-point energy? Where does the first photon come from in universe? and What is the first fact as a reason of absorption, emission in the photon-atom interaction? To find out the acceptable answers, here we propose postulates about the zero-photon and then about the new concepts of photon. Using them, we have tried to describe the basic characters of the photon and explain the photon-atom interaction in other way: the spin-spin interaction. Our results showed out the different picture of mechanism of the photon-atom interaction, the existence of the zero-photon energy, the absorption as well as the emission rule and its probabilities.
文摘Great experimental results and observations achieved by Astronomy in the last decades revealed new unexplainable phenomena. Astronomers have conclusive new evidence that a recently discovered “dark galaxy” is, in fact, an object the size of a galaxy, made entirely of dark matter. They found that the speed of the Earth’s rotation varies randomly each day. 115 years ago, the Tunguska Event was observed, and astronomers still do not have an explanation of It. Main results of the present article are: 1) Dark galaxies explained by the spinning of their Dark Matter Cores with the surface speed at equator less than the escape velocity. Their Rotational Fission is not happening. Extrasolar systems do not emerge;2) 21-cm Emission explained by the self-annihilation of Dark Matter particles XIONs (5.3 μeV);3) Sun-Earth-Moon Interaction explained by the influence of the Sun’s and the Moon’s magnetic field on the electrical currents of the charged Geomagma (the 660-km layer), and, as a result, the Earth’s daylength varies;4) Tunguska Event explained by a huge atmospheric explosion of the Superbolide, which was a stable Dark Matter Bubble before entering the Earth’s atmosphere.
文摘Universe life includes the universe realm, the life realm, human society and man-made materials. Each life has four grades.There are four different “me” in each life: true me, Yang me, Yin me and conscious me. True me never dies while Yang me, Yin meand conscious me all appear and go. The heart of life is also a system consisting of four grades (true heart + Yang me heart + Yin meheart + conscious heart). Life is a four-seasonal whole dominated by heart. True me is true while Yang me, Yin me and conscious meare false. The general law of the universe is an operating body of general rules. Both the operating body of general rules and the lifebody are combination of the true and the false. The operating body of general rules is a body with two aspects and the combinationand an autonomous operation of movement with stillness, gathering with parting and rising with falling. The operating body ofgeneral rules dominated by true me is the universe body. The essential features of the universe body include: 1) it is empty;2) it isabsolutely quiet;3) it exists forever;4) it contains seeds for everything;5) it generates everything in the universe;6) it is solid andwill never break;7) its power is King Kong power. The zero-state of the galaxy is its basic state and the giant blank zone of theuniverse. The galaxy’s turning from zero-state into one-state is getting something from nothing. The operating of general rule ispresented as the four-seasonal movement or metabolism of life. It is a continuity of movement and stillness (life and death) and aprocess of something interacting with nothing. The modes of reproduction of life consist of self-generation, generation byaugmentation and generation by transformation. The Milky Way Galaxy, the solar system and the earth are inorganic life withreproductive system and reproductive capacity. In the positive-going evolution, their inner morality power gradually decreases andundergoes different states and structures. Internal intercourse generates different lives. In the early days of the earth, the temperaturewas high and inorganic lives first appeared: humans, animals, plants and bacteria. When the temperature dropped to a proper degree,organic lives then appeared: bacteria, plants, animals and humans. Now, new lives are still appearing on the earth.
文摘This article taking national current affairs decisions as entry points, the theory related to regional economy as basis, analyzes the development relation between regional economy and local universities, thus puts forward countermeasures to achieve the interactive and coordinating development of Hebei coastal regional economy and local universities.
文摘The Decision of CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Full Implementation of the Universal Two-child policy and Innovation and Improvement of Family Planning Service Management（Hereinafterreferred to as the Decision）was announced on January 5,2016.China will implement a birth registration service system.
