The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of storage conditions on the sensory quality, colour and texture of fresh-cut cabbage during the addition of ascorbic acid, citric acid and calcium chloride. Ascorbi...The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of storage conditions on the sensory quality, colour and texture of fresh-cut cabbage during the addition of ascorbic acid, citric acid and calcium chloride. Ascorbic acid maintained the overall quality for 14 days at 0℃ and 7 days at 5℃;no difference, however, was observed regarding browning of cut surface compared to the control sample at both storage temperatures. Calcium chloride maintained the overall quality and cut surface browning for 14 days at both storage temperatures. It was also found that citric acid 1% can be used for minimally processed cabbage. Soaking with citric acid helped retain the color and increased the overall acceptance and organoleptic quality of fresh cut cabbage;it reduced browning of the cut surface and protected against formation of black specks. Citric acid treatment combined with low temperature storage (0℃) prolonged the shelf life of minimally processed cabbage for 22 days, time sufficient for acceptable marketing of the product. The lightness of minimally processed cabbage decreased linearly from 70.94 ± 6 to 63.8 ± 8.5 - 61.3 ± 8 units for the chemical treatments during 22 days of storage at 0℃. Hue angle values during storage time were also significantly influenced by chemical treatments mainly at 0℃.展开更多
The entropy production rate of stationary minimal diffusion processes with smooth coefficients is calculated. As a byproduct, the continuity of paths of the minimal diffusion processes is discussed, and that the point...The entropy production rate of stationary minimal diffusion processes with smooth coefficients is calculated. As a byproduct, the continuity of paths of the minimal diffusion processes is discussed, and that the point at infinity is absorbing is proved.展开更多
Endoscopy is a widely used diagnostic tool to detect reflux esophagitis.Although its specificity was reported to be excellent at 90%-95%,its sensitivity was only 50%.Therefore,it is quite difficult to detect these les...Endoscopy is a widely used diagnostic tool to detect reflux esophagitis.Although its specificity was reported to be excellent at 90%-95%,its sensitivity was only 50%.Therefore,it is quite difficult to detect these lesions under the standard white light endoscopy especially in patients with minimal change esophageal reflux disease(MERD).In recent years,endoscopic technologies have evolved tremendously;these include high resolution and magnification digital chromoendoscopy.These technologies are useful practically for detecting various subtle lesions along the gastrointestinal tract starting from esophagus to colon.Currently,these technologies can be classified in 2 systems;pre-processed system(NBI,Olympus)and post processed system(FICE and i-SCAN,Fujinon and Pentax respectively).Over a few years,there have been many emerging publications on the benefit of these systems on MERD detection.The overall sensitivities to diagnose MERD were reported as much better than controls.However,large,multi-center and randomized controlled studies comparing these new imaging modalities with the conventional white light chromoendoscopy are warranted to validate its accuracy.Standard,simple and precise endoscopic reading criteria for the identification of MERD are also required.展开更多
By avoiding or reducing the production of waste, waste minimization is an effective approach to solve the pollution problem in chemical industry. Process integration supported by multi-objective optimization provides ...By avoiding or reducing the production of waste, waste minimization is an effective approach to solve the pollution problem in chemical industry. Process integration supported by multi-objective optimization provides a framework for process design or process retrofit by simultaneously optimizing on the aspects of environment and economics. Multi-objective genetic algorithm is applied in this area as the solution approach for the multi-objective optimization problem.展开更多
This paper studies the limit average variance criterion for continuous-time Markov decision processes in Polish spaces. Based on two approaches, this paper proves not only the existence of solutions to the variance mi...This paper studies the limit average variance criterion for continuous-time Markov decision processes in Polish spaces. Based on two approaches, this paper proves not only the existence of solutions to the variance minimization optimality equation and the existence of a variance minimal policy that is canonical, but also the existence of solutions to the two variance minimization optimality inequalities and the existence of a variance minimal policy which may not be canonical. An example is given to illustrate all of our conditions.展开更多
To solve the query processing correctness problem for semantic-based relational data integration,the semantics of SAPRQL（simple protocol and RDF query language） queries is defined.In the course of query rewriting,al...To solve the query processing correctness problem for semantic-based relational data integration,the semantics of SAPRQL（simple protocol and RDF query language） queries is defined.In the course of query rewriting,all relative tables are found and decomposed into minimal connectable units.Minimal connectable units are joined according to semantic queries to produce the semantically correct query plans.Algorithms for query rewriting and transforming are presented.Computational complexity of the algorithms is discussed.Under the worst case,the query decomposing algorithm can be finished in O（n2） time and the query rewriting algorithm requires O（nm） time.And the performance of the algorithms is verified by experiments,and experimental results show that when the length of query is less than 8,the query processing algorithms can provide satisfactory performance.展开更多
The geometry of the phase interface in co-continuous piezoelectric composites is critical in improving their piezo-electric properties.However,conventional co-continuous piezoelectric composites are mostly simple stru...The geometry of the phase interface in co-continuous piezoelectric composites is critical in improving their piezo-electric properties.However,conventional co-continuous piezoelectric composites are mostly simple structures such as wood stacks or honeycombs,which are prone to stress concentrations at the joints,thus reducing the fatigue service performance and force-electric conversion efficiency of piezoelectric composites.Such simple structures limit further improvements in the overall performance of co-continuous piezoelectric composites.In this study,based on the digital light processing 3D printing method,we investigated the influence of three dif-ferent structures-the gyroid,diamond,and woodpile interfaces-on the piezoelectric and mechanical properties of co-continuous ceramic/polymer piezoelectric composites.These findings demonstrate that the gyroid and di-amond interfaces outperformed the ceramic skeleton of the woodpile interface in terms of both mechanical and electrical properties.When the ceramic volume percentage was 50%,the piezo-composite of the gyroid surface exhibited the greatest hydrostatic figure of merit(HFOM),reaching 4.23×10^(−12) Pa^(−1),and its piezoelectric coeffi-cient(d_(33))and relative dielectric constant(εr)reached 115 pC/N and 748,respectively.The research results lay the foundation for the application of co-continuous piezoelectric composites in underwater communication and detection.展开更多
针对目前尚未存在有效的中文文本纠错软件测试用例最小化方法的情况,设计了两种中文文本纠错软件测试用例集最小化方法:基于多目标遗传算法的中文文本纠错软件测试用例集最小化方法(Minimization Method based on Multi-objective Genet...针对目前尚未存在有效的中文文本纠错软件测试用例最小化方法的情况,设计了两种中文文本纠错软件测试用例集最小化方法:基于多目标遗传算法的中文文本纠错软件测试用例集最小化方法(Minimization Method based on Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm of Test case for Chinese text error Correction Software,MMG-CCS)和基于TextRank模型的中文文本纠错软件测试用例最小化方法(Minimization Method based on TextRank of Test case for Chinese text error Correction Software,MMT-CCS).MMG-CCS基于问题特点设计了一种中文文本纠错软件测试用例集覆盖度模型,并将测试用例集大小及覆盖度作为目标函数,为了高效求解该问题,MMG-CCS同时对遗传算子进行了改进.此外,MMT-CCS方法能将测试用例集最小化问题映射为图解问题,并根据问题特点对TextRank模型进行了针对性改进.实验结果表明,MMG-CCS和MMT-CCS对测试用例集的缩减程度高,且在不同中文文本纠错软件上对于不同中文文本纠错软件测试用例集均能保持相同的测试效果.展开更多
In early 2018,the Boliden Garpenberg operation implemented an optimized control strategy as an addition to the existing ventilation on demand system.The purpose of the strategy is to further minimize energy use for ma...In early 2018,the Boliden Garpenberg operation implemented an optimized control strategy as an addition to the existing ventilation on demand system.The purpose of the strategy is to further minimize energy use for main and booster fans,whilst also fulfilling airflow setpoints without violating constraints such as min/max differential pressure over fans and interaction of air between areas in mines.Using air flow measurements and a dynamical model of the ventilation system,a mine-wide coordination control of fans can be carried out.The numerical model is data driven and derived from historical operational data or step changes experiments.This makes both initial deployment and lifetime model maintenance,as the mine evolves,a comparably easy operation.The control has been proven to operate in a stable manner over long periods without having to re-calibrate the model.Results prove a 40%decrease in energy use for the fans involved and a greater controllability of air flow.Moreover,a 15%decrease of the total air flow into the mine will give additional proportional heating savings during winter periods.All in all,the multivariable controller shows a correlation between production in the mine and the ventilation system performance superior to all of its predecessors.展开更多
In this paper,a space-time adaptive processing(STAP)method is proposed for the airborne radar with the array amplitude-phase error considered,which is based on atomic norm minimization(ANM).In the conventional ANM-bas...In this paper,a space-time adaptive processing(STAP)method is proposed for the airborne radar with the array amplitude-phase error considered,which is based on atomic norm minimization(ANM).In the conventional ANM-based STAP method,the influence of the array amplitude-phase error is not considered and restrained,which inevitably causes performance deterioration.To solve this problem,the array amplitude-phase error is firstly estimated.Then,by pre-estimating the array amplitude-phase error information,a modified ANM model is built,in which the array amplitude-phase error factor is separated from the clutter response and the clutter covariance matrix(CCM)to improve the estimation accuracy of the CCM.To prove that the atomic norm theory is applicable in the presence of the array amplitude-phase error,the clutter sparsity is analyzed in this paper.Meanwhile,simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to the state-of-the-art STAP method.Moreover,the measured data is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.展开更多
The hedging problem for insiders is very important in the financial market.The locally risk minimizing hedging was adopted to solve this problem.Since the market was incomplete,the minimal martingale measure was chose...The hedging problem for insiders is very important in the financial market.The locally risk minimizing hedging was adopted to solve this problem.Since the market was incomplete,the minimal martingale measure was chosen as the equivalent martingale measure.By the F-S decomposition,the expression of the locally risk minimizing strategy was presented.Finally,the local risk minimization was applied to index tracking and its relationship with tracking error variance (TEV)-minimizing strategy was obtained.展开更多
Besides economics and controllability, waste minimization has now become an objective in designing chemical processes, and usually leads to high costs of investment and operation. An attempt was made to minimize waste...Besides economics and controllability, waste minimization has now become an objective in designing chemical processes, and usually leads to high costs of investment and operation. An attempt was made to minimize waste discharged from chemical reaction processes during the design and modification process while the operation conditions were also optimized to meet the requirements of technology and economics. Multiobjectives decision nonlinear programming (NLP) was employed to optimize the operation conditions of a chemical reaction process and reduce waste. A modeling language package-SPEEDUP was used to simulate the process. This paper presents a case study of the benzene production process. The flowsheet factors affecting the economics and waste generation were examined. Constraints were imposed to reduce the number of objectives and carry out optimal calculations easily. After comparisons of all possible solutions, best-compromise approach was applied to meet technological requirements and minimize waste.展开更多
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of storage conditions on the sensory quality, colour and texture of fresh-cut cabbage during the addition of ascorbic acid, citric acid and calcium chloride. Ascorbic acid maintained the overall quality for 14 days at 0℃ and 7 days at 5℃;no difference, however, was observed regarding browning of cut surface compared to the control sample at both storage temperatures. Calcium chloride maintained the overall quality and cut surface browning for 14 days at both storage temperatures. It was also found that citric acid 1% can be used for minimally processed cabbage. Soaking with citric acid helped retain the color and increased the overall acceptance and organoleptic quality of fresh cut cabbage;it reduced browning of the cut surface and protected against formation of black specks. Citric acid treatment combined with low temperature storage (0℃) prolonged the shelf life of minimally processed cabbage for 22 days, time sufficient for acceptable marketing of the product. The lightness of minimally processed cabbage decreased linearly from 70.94 ± 6 to 63.8 ± 8.5 - 61.3 ± 8 units for the chemical treatments during 22 days of storage at 0℃. Hue angle values during storage time were also significantly influenced by chemical treatments mainly at 0℃.
基金This work is supported by NSFC (10271008 and 10531070)
文摘The entropy production rate of stationary minimal diffusion processes with smooth coefficients is calculated. As a byproduct, the continuity of paths of the minimal diffusion processes is discussed, and that the point at infinity is absorbing is proved.
文摘Endoscopy is a widely used diagnostic tool to detect reflux esophagitis.Although its specificity was reported to be excellent at 90%-95%,its sensitivity was only 50%.Therefore,it is quite difficult to detect these lesions under the standard white light endoscopy especially in patients with minimal change esophageal reflux disease(MERD).In recent years,endoscopic technologies have evolved tremendously;these include high resolution and magnification digital chromoendoscopy.These technologies are useful practically for detecting various subtle lesions along the gastrointestinal tract starting from esophagus to colon.Currently,these technologies can be classified in 2 systems;pre-processed system(NBI,Olympus)and post processed system(FICE and i-SCAN,Fujinon and Pentax respectively).Over a few years,there have been many emerging publications on the benefit of these systems on MERD detection.The overall sensitivities to diagnose MERD were reported as much better than controls.However,large,multi-center and randomized controlled studies comparing these new imaging modalities with the conventional white light chromoendoscopy are warranted to validate its accuracy.Standard,simple and precise endoscopic reading criteria for the identification of MERD are also required.
文摘By avoiding or reducing the production of waste, waste minimization is an effective approach to solve the pollution problem in chemical industry. Process integration supported by multi-objective optimization provides a framework for process design or process retrofit by simultaneously optimizing on the aspects of environment and economics. Multi-objective genetic algorithm is applied in this area as the solution approach for the multi-objective optimization problem.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10801056)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo(2010A610094)
文摘This paper studies the limit average variance criterion for continuous-time Markov decision processes in Polish spaces. Based on two approaches, this paper proves not only the existence of solutions to the variance minimization optimality equation and the existence of a variance minimal policy that is canonical, but also the existence of solutions to the two variance minimization optimality inequalities and the existence of a variance minimal policy which may not be canonical. An example is given to illustrate all of our conditions.
基金Weaponry Equipment Pre-Research Foundation of PLA Equipment Ministry (No. 9140A06050409JB8102)Pre-Research Foundation of PLA University of Science and Technology (No. 2009JSJ11)
文摘To solve the query processing correctness problem for semantic-based relational data integration,the semantics of SAPRQL（simple protocol and RDF query language） queries is defined.In the course of query rewriting,all relative tables are found and decomposed into minimal connectable units.Minimal connectable units are joined according to semantic queries to produce the semantically correct query plans.Algorithms for query rewriting and transforming are presented.Computational complexity of the algorithms is discussed.Under the worst case,the query decomposing algorithm can be finished in O（n2） time and the query rewriting algorithm requires O（nm） time.And the performance of the algorithms is verified by experiments,and experimental results show that when the length of query is less than 8,the query processing algorithms can provide satisfactory performance.
基金supported by National Key Research and Develop-ment Plan of China(Grant.No.2021YFB3703100)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant.No.52202066)+3 种基金Joint Fund of Min-istry of China Education for Pre-Research of Equipment(Grant.No.8091B032105)Hubei High Value Patent Cultivation Project of China(Grant.No.2021pm0012)Wuhan Knowledge Innovation Project-Dawn Plan‘JD’Technology Research Project in Hubei Province of China(2023BAA023).
文摘The geometry of the phase interface in co-continuous piezoelectric composites is critical in improving their piezo-electric properties.However,conventional co-continuous piezoelectric composites are mostly simple structures such as wood stacks or honeycombs,which are prone to stress concentrations at the joints,thus reducing the fatigue service performance and force-electric conversion efficiency of piezoelectric composites.Such simple structures limit further improvements in the overall performance of co-continuous piezoelectric composites.In this study,based on the digital light processing 3D printing method,we investigated the influence of three dif-ferent structures-the gyroid,diamond,and woodpile interfaces-on the piezoelectric and mechanical properties of co-continuous ceramic/polymer piezoelectric composites.These findings demonstrate that the gyroid and di-amond interfaces outperformed the ceramic skeleton of the woodpile interface in terms of both mechanical and electrical properties.When the ceramic volume percentage was 50%,the piezo-composite of the gyroid surface exhibited the greatest hydrostatic figure of merit(HFOM),reaching 4.23×10^(−12) Pa^(−1),and its piezoelectric coeffi-cient(d_(33))and relative dielectric constant(εr)reached 115 pC/N and 748,respectively.The research results lay the foundation for the application of co-continuous piezoelectric composites in underwater communication and detection.
文摘针对目前尚未存在有效的中文文本纠错软件测试用例最小化方法的情况,设计了两种中文文本纠错软件测试用例集最小化方法:基于多目标遗传算法的中文文本纠错软件测试用例集最小化方法(Minimization Method based on Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm of Test case for Chinese text error Correction Software,MMG-CCS)和基于TextRank模型的中文文本纠错软件测试用例最小化方法(Minimization Method based on TextRank of Test case for Chinese text error Correction Software,MMT-CCS).MMG-CCS基于问题特点设计了一种中文文本纠错软件测试用例集覆盖度模型,并将测试用例集大小及覆盖度作为目标函数,为了高效求解该问题,MMG-CCS同时对遗传算子进行了改进.此外,MMT-CCS方法能将测试用例集最小化问题映射为图解问题,并根据问题特点对TextRank模型进行了针对性改进.实验结果表明,MMG-CCS和MMT-CCS对测试用例集的缩减程度高,且在不同中文文本纠错软件上对于不同中文文本纠错软件测试用例集均能保持相同的测试效果.
文摘In early 2018,the Boliden Garpenberg operation implemented an optimized control strategy as an addition to the existing ventilation on demand system.The purpose of the strategy is to further minimize energy use for main and booster fans,whilst also fulfilling airflow setpoints without violating constraints such as min/max differential pressure over fans and interaction of air between areas in mines.Using air flow measurements and a dynamical model of the ventilation system,a mine-wide coordination control of fans can be carried out.The numerical model is data driven and derived from historical operational data or step changes experiments.This makes both initial deployment and lifetime model maintenance,as the mine evolves,a comparably easy operation.The control has been proven to operate in a stable manner over long periods without having to re-calibrate the model.Results prove a 40%decrease in energy use for the fans involved and a greater controllability of air flow.Moreover,a 15%decrease of the total air flow into the mine will give additional proportional heating savings during winter periods.All in all,the multivariable controller shows a correlation between production in the mine and the ventilation system performance superior to all of its predecessors.
基金supported by the Fund for Foreign Scholars in University Research and Teaching Programs(the 111 Project)(B18039)。
文摘In this paper,a space-time adaptive processing(STAP)method is proposed for the airborne radar with the array amplitude-phase error considered,which is based on atomic norm minimization(ANM).In the conventional ANM-based STAP method,the influence of the array amplitude-phase error is not considered and restrained,which inevitably causes performance deterioration.To solve this problem,the array amplitude-phase error is firstly estimated.Then,by pre-estimating the array amplitude-phase error information,a modified ANM model is built,in which the array amplitude-phase error factor is separated from the clutter response and the clutter covariance matrix(CCM)to improve the estimation accuracy of the CCM.To prove that the atomic norm theory is applicable in the presence of the array amplitude-phase error,the clutter sparsity is analyzed in this paper.Meanwhile,simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is superior to the state-of-the-art STAP method.Moreover,the measured data is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China (No. 11071076,No. 11126124)
文摘The hedging problem for insiders is very important in the financial market.The locally risk minimizing hedging was adopted to solve this problem.Since the market was incomplete,the minimal martingale measure was chosen as the equivalent martingale measure.By the F-S decomposition,the expression of the locally risk minimizing strategy was presented.Finally,the local risk minimization was applied to index tracking and its relationship with tracking error variance (TEV)-minimizing strategy was obtained.
文摘Besides economics and controllability, waste minimization has now become an objective in designing chemical processes, and usually leads to high costs of investment and operation. An attempt was made to minimize waste discharged from chemical reaction processes during the design and modification process while the operation conditions were also optimized to meet the requirements of technology and economics. Multiobjectives decision nonlinear programming (NLP) was employed to optimize the operation conditions of a chemical reaction process and reduce waste. A modeling language package-SPEEDUP was used to simulate the process. This paper presents a case study of the benzene production process. The flowsheet factors affecting the economics and waste generation were examined. Constraints were imposed to reduce the number of objectives and carry out optimal calculations easily. After comparisons of all possible solutions, best-compromise approach was applied to meet technological requirements and minimize waste.
