As a new generation electrode materials for energy storage,perovskites have attracted wide attention because of their unique crystal structure,reversible active sites,rich oxygen vacancies,and good stability.In this r...As a new generation electrode materials for energy storage,perovskites have attracted wide attention because of their unique crystal structure,reversible active sites,rich oxygen vacancies,and good stability.In this review,the design and engineering progress of perovskite materials for supercapacitors(SCs)in recent years is summarized.Specifically,the review will focus on four types of perovskites,perovskite oxides,halide perovskites,fluoride perovskites,and multi-perovskites,within the context of their intrinsic structure and corresponding electrochemical performance.A series of experimental variables,such as synthesis,crystal structure,and electrochemical reaction mechanism,will be carefully analyzed by combining various advanced characterization techniques and theoretical calculations.The applications of these materials as electrodes are then featured for various SCs.Finally,we look forward to the prospects and challenges of perovskite-type SCs electrodes,as well as the future research direction.展开更多
In recent years, numerous theoretical tandem mass spectrometry prediction methods have been proposed, yet a systematic study and evaluation of their theoretical accuracy limits have not been conducted. If the accuracy...In recent years, numerous theoretical tandem mass spectrometry prediction methods have been proposed, yet a systematic study and evaluation of their theoretical accuracy limits have not been conducted. If the accuracy of current methods approaches this limit, further exploration of new prediction techniques may become redundant. Conversely, a need for more precise prediction methods or models may be indicated. In this study, we have experimentally analyzed the limits of accuracy at different numbers of ions and parameters using repeated spectral pairs and integrating various similarity metrics. Results show significant achievements in accuracy for backbone ion methods with room for improvement. In contrast, full-spectrum prediction methods exhibit greater potential relative to the theoretical accuracy limit. Additionally, findings highlight the significant impact of normalized collision energy and instrument type on prediction accuracy, underscoring the importance of considering these factors in future theoretical tandem mass spectrometry predictions.展开更多
It has been a dream that theoretical biology can be extensively applied in experimental biology to accelerate the understanding of the sophiscated movements in living organisms. A brave assay and an excellent example ...It has been a dream that theoretical biology can be extensively applied in experimental biology to accelerate the understanding of the sophiscated movements in living organisms. A brave assay and an excellent example were represented by enzymology, in which the well-established physico-chemistry is used to describe, to fit, to predict and to improve enzyme reactions. Before the modern bioinformatics, the developments of the combination of theoretical biology and experimental biology have been mainly limited to various classic formulations. The systematic use of graphic rules by Prof. Kuo-Chen Chou and his co-workers has significantly facilitated to deal with complicated enzyme systems. With the recent fast progress of bioinformatics, prediction of protein structures and various protein attributes have been well established by Chou and co-workers, stimulating the experimental biology. For example, their recent method for predicting protein subcellular localization (one of the important attributes of proteins) has been extensively applied by scientific colleagues, yielding many new results with thousands of citations. The research by Prof. Chou is characterized by introducing novel physical concepts as well as powerful and elegant mathematical methods into important biomedical problems, a focus throughout his career, even when facing enormous difficulties. His efforts in 50 years have greatly helped us to realize the dream to make “theoretical and experimental biology in one”. Prof. Richard Giege is well known for his multi-disciplinary research combining physics, chemistry, enzymology and molecular biology. His major focus of study is on the identity of tRNAs and their interactions with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS), which are of critical importance to the fidelity of protein biosynthesis. He and his colleagues have carried out the first crystallization of a tRNA/aaRS complex, that between tRNAAsp and AspRS from yeast. The determination of the complex structure contributed significantly to under- stand the interaction of protein and RNA. From his fine research, they have also found other biological function of these small RNAs. He has developed in parallel appropriate methods for his research, of which the protein crystallogenesis, a name he has coined, is an excellent example. Now macromolecular crystallogenesis has become a developed science. In fact, such contribution has accelerated the development of protein crystallography, stimulating the study of macromolecular structure and function.展开更多
Atmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China in the last 25 years since the concept of the“air pollution complex”was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG in 1997.For papers published in 2021 ...Atmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China in the last 25 years since the concept of the“air pollution complex”was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG in 1997.For papers published in 2021 on air pollution(only papers included in the Web of Science Core Collection database were considered),more than 24000 papers were authored or co-authored by scientists working in China.In this paper,we review a limited number of representative and significant studies on atmospheric chemistry in China in the last few years,including studies on(1)sources and emission inventories,(2)atmospheric chemical processes,(3)interactions of air pollution with meteorology,weather and climate,(4)interactions between the biosphere and atmosphere,and(5)data assimilation.The intention was not to provide a complete review of all progress made in the last few years,but rather to serve as a starting point for learning more about atmospheric chemistry research in China.The advances reviewed in this paper have enabled a theoretical framework for the air pollution complex to be established,provided robust scientific support to highly successful air pollution control policies in China,and created great opportunities in education,training,and career development for many graduate students and young scientists.This paper further highlights that developing and low-income countries that are heavily affected by air pollution can benefit from these research advances,whilst at the same time acknowledging that many challenges and opportunities still remain in atmospheric chemistry research in China,to hopefully be addressed over the next few decades.展开更多
Synthetic biotechnology has led to the widespread application of genetically modified organisms(GMOs)in biochemistry, bioenergy, and therapy. However, the uncontrolled spread of GMOs may lead to genetic contamination ...Synthetic biotechnology has led to the widespread application of genetically modified organisms(GMOs)in biochemistry, bioenergy, and therapy. However, the uncontrolled spread of GMOs may lead to genetic contamination by horizontal gene transfer, resulting in unpredictable biosafety risks. To deal with these challenges, many effective methods have been developed for biocontainment. In this article, we summarize and discuss recent advances in biocontainment strategies from three aspects: DNA replication, transcriptional regulation, and protein translation. We also briefly introduce the efforts in the biocontainment convention, such as the recent publication of the Tianjin Biosecurity Guidelines for the Code of Conduct for Scientists.展开更多
Biological entities are involved in complicated and complex connections;hence,discovering biological information using network biology ideas is critical.In the past few years,network biology has emerged as an integrat...Biological entities are involved in complicated and complex connections;hence,discovering biological information using network biology ideas is critical.In the past few years,network biology has emerged as an integrative and systems-level approach for understanding and interpreting these complex interactions.Biological network analysis is one method for reducing enormous data sets to clinically useful knowledge for disease diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment.The network of biological entities can help us predict drug targets for several diseases.The drug targets identified through the systems biology approach help in targeting the essential biological pathways that contribute to the progression and development of the disease.The novel strategical approach of system biologyassisted pharmacology coupled with computer-aided drug discovery(CADD)can help drugs fight multifactorial diseases efficiently.In the present review,we have summarized the role and application of network biology for not only unfolding the mechanism of complex neurodevelopmental disorders but also identifying important drug targets for diseases like ADHD,Autism,Epilepsy,and Intellectual Disability.Systems biology has emerged as a promising approach to identifying drug targets and aiming for targeted drug discovery for the precise treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders.展开更多
The development of green solvents for enhancing aqueous solubility of drug curcumin remains a challenge. This study explores the enhancing effect of deep eutectic solvents(DESs) on the aqueous solubility of curcumin(C...The development of green solvents for enhancing aqueous solubility of drug curcumin remains a challenge. This study explores the enhancing effect of deep eutectic solvents(DESs) on the aqueous solubility of curcumin(CUR) via experiment and theoretical calculation. Choline chloride-based DESs with polyols 1,2-propanediol(1,2-PDO), 1,3-propanediol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol as hydrogen bond donors were prepared and used as co-solvents. The CUR aqueous solubility increased with increasing the DESs content at temperature of 303.15-318.15 K, especially in aqueous ChCl/1,2-PDO(mole ratio 1:4) solutions. The positive apparent molar volume values and reduced density gradient analysis confirmed the existence of strong interactions between CUR and solvent. The van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding coexisted in DESs monomer retained the stability of DESs structure after introducing CUR. Moreover,the lower interaction energy of DESs…CUR system than that of the counterpart DESs further proved the strong interaction between CUR and DESs. The lowest interaction energy of ChCl/1,2-PDO…CUR system indicated that this system was the most stable and ChCl/1,2-PDO was promising for CUR dissolution.This work provides efficient solvents for utilizing curcumin, contributing to a deep insight into the interactions between DES and CUR at the molecular level, and the role of DESs on enhancing drugs solubility.展开更多
Pollination biology studies of the endangered herbal medicines Dendrobium chrysotoxum were conducted in natural pollination conditions using flower observation,pollinator observation and artificial pollination experim...Pollination biology studies of the endangered herbal medicines Dendrobium chrysotoxum were conducted in natural pollination conditions using flower observation,pollinator observation and artificial pollination experiments.Populations of D.chrysotoxum with fragrance and nectar were pollinated by Ctenoplectra davidi Valhalla(Hymenoptera:Apidae)species.The floral structure of D.chrysotoxum adapted precisely to its pollinators.Flowers had a low capsule setting(0.17%)under natural conditions.However,compared to open pollination,artificial pollination experiments showed a significant increase in capsule setting,and D.chrysotoxum was cross-compatible and self-compatible,but there was pollinator limitation also.This study will provide important information for the preservation of this endangered species.展开更多
The spatiotemporal evolutions of a one-dimensional collisionless decaying plasma bounded by two electrodes with an externally applied electrostatic field are studied by theoretical analyses and particle-in-cell(PIC)si...The spatiotemporal evolutions of a one-dimensional collisionless decaying plasma bounded by two electrodes with an externally applied electrostatic field are studied by theoretical analyses and particle-in-cell(PIC)simulations with the ion extraction process in a laser-induced plasma as the major research background.Based on the theoretical analyses,the transport process of the charged particles including electrons and ions can be divided into three stages:electron oscillation and ion matrix sheath extraction stage,sheath expansion and ion rarefaction wave propagation stage and the plasma collapse stage,and the corresponding criterion for each stage is also presented.Consequently,a complete analytical model is established for describing the ion extraction flux at each stage during the decaying of the laser-induced plasmas under an electrostatic field,which is also validated by the PIC modeling results.Based on this analytical model,influences of the key physical parameters,including the initial electron temperature and number density,plasma width and the externally applied electric voltage,on the ratio of the extracted ions are predicted.The calculated results show that a higher applied electric potential,smaller initial plasma number density and plasma width lead to a higher ratio of the extracted ions during the first stage;while in this stage,the initial electron temperature shows little effect on it.Meanwhile,more ions will be extracted before the plasma collapse once a higher electric potential is applied.The theoretical model presented in this paper is helpful not only for a deep understanding to the charged particle transport mechanisms for a bounded decaying plasma under an applied electrostatic field,but also for an optimization of the ion extraction process in practical applications.展开更多
This paper sorted out the relevant literature on the basic theory of Mongolian medicine,explored the research methods and ideas of the basic theory of Mongolian medicine,and elaborated the idea of combining systems bi...This paper sorted out the relevant literature on the basic theory of Mongolian medicine,explored the research methods and ideas of the basic theory of Mongolian medicine,and elaborated the idea of combining systems biology to study part of the basic theory of Mongolian medicine.Through searching classic works and research papers in academic journals,this paper sorted out and summarized the research progress of the basic theory of Mongolian medicine and the existing problems in the current research,analyzed its characteristics,combined with systems biology methods to systematically explain some content in the basic theory,reveal its scientific connotation,and provide a basis for further research.展开更多
The application of molecular biology technology in the identification and quality control of Mongolian medicine is increasing gradually,and it provides a new method for identifying fake and inferior products and confu...The application of molecular biology technology in the identification and quality control of Mongolian medicine is increasing gradually,and it provides a new method for identifying fake and inferior products and confused products of Mongolian medicine.In this paper,the application and prospect of molecular biology technology(such as DNA barcoding and PCR molecular identification technique)in the identification of crude Mongolian medicine were reviewed.展开更多
Based on the implementation of the new college entrance examination reform policy and the demand of related policies,the choice of subjects for high school students has shifted from the traditional relatively single m...Based on the implementation of the new college entrance examination reform policy and the demand of related policies,the choice of subjects for high school students has shifted from the traditional relatively single model of arts and sciences division to the"3+3"model,and the topic of"how to infiltrate the concept of career education in the teaching process of senior high schools"has become increasingly important.However,at present,the implementation of career education in senior high schools is frequently limited,mainly in the form of class meetings,which instills the concept of career education to students.Therefore,the implementation effect is often not satisfactory.Therefore,experiential learning,a novel and efficient learning method,has entered public's view.Based on relevant research literature at home and abroad,we started with the importance and urgency of implementing career education in high schools,and generally reviewed the research status and future development trends of experiential career education both domestically and internationally.The practical and theoretical significance of the research were explained,and relevant concepts were summarized.Finally,strategic suggestions were proposed for integrating experiential career education concepts into biology teaching in ordinary high schools in China.展开更多
This paper intends to combine the development trend of the subject,restructure and optimize the course content,and construct the service learning model of Pathogenic Biology of Aquatic Animals for postgraduates.At the...This paper intends to combine the development trend of the subject,restructure and optimize the course content,and construct the service learning model of Pathogenic Biology of Aquatic Animals for postgraduates.At the same time,through service practice,it is needed to further consolidate curriculum knowledge and skills,stimulate the learning initiative and enthusiasm of postgraduates,expand professional knowledge,improve professional quality,and lay a solid foundation for serving the national rural revitalization strategy in the future.展开更多
Regenerative medicine and anti-aging research have made great strides at the molecular and cellular levels in dermatology and the medical aesthetic field,targeting potential treatments with skin therapeutic and interv...Regenerative medicine and anti-aging research have made great strides at the molecular and cellular levels in dermatology and the medical aesthetic field,targeting potential treatments with skin therapeutic and intervention pathways,which make it possible to develop effective skin regeneration and repair ingredients.With the rapid development of computational biology,bioinformatics as well as artificial intelligence(A.I.),the development of new ingredients for regenerative medicine has been greatly accelerated,and the success rate has been improved.Some application cases have appeared in topical skin regeneration and repair scenarios.This review will briefly introduce the application of bioactive peptides in skin repair and anti-aging as emerging ingredients in cosmeceutics and emphasize how A.I.based computational biology technology may accelerate the development of innovative peptide molecules and ultimately translate them into potential skin regenerative and anti-aging scenarios.Typically,two research routines have been summarized and current limitations as well as directions were discussed for border applications in future research.展开更多
The deepening process of globalization has given rise to restless cultural exchanges among people from different regions of the world through newspapers,books,and other written media.However,the significant difference...The deepening process of globalization has given rise to restless cultural exchanges among people from different regions of the world through newspapers,books,and other written media.However,the significant differences in languages and cultures have become an insurmountable gap in intercultural communication.To lubricate cultural exchanges,new translation theories that focus on the transformation of different cultural concepts shall be introduced and adopted.This paper aims to extract applicable notions from Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions for pragmatic translation studies by laying emphasis on its pragmatic value through case study.By such theoretical transplantation,valuable suggestions are proposed to tackle cultural misunderstandings and conflicts encountered amid cultural exchanges.展开更多
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21676036)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0580)the Graduate Research and Innovation Foundation of Chongqing(CYS-20040)。
文摘As a new generation electrode materials for energy storage,perovskites have attracted wide attention because of their unique crystal structure,reversible active sites,rich oxygen vacancies,and good stability.In this review,the design and engineering progress of perovskite materials for supercapacitors(SCs)in recent years is summarized.Specifically,the review will focus on four types of perovskites,perovskite oxides,halide perovskites,fluoride perovskites,and multi-perovskites,within the context of their intrinsic structure and corresponding electrochemical performance.A series of experimental variables,such as synthesis,crystal structure,and electrochemical reaction mechanism,will be carefully analyzed by combining various advanced characterization techniques and theoretical calculations.The applications of these materials as electrodes are then featured for various SCs.Finally,we look forward to the prospects and challenges of perovskite-type SCs electrodes,as well as the future research direction.
文摘In recent years, numerous theoretical tandem mass spectrometry prediction methods have been proposed, yet a systematic study and evaluation of their theoretical accuracy limits have not been conducted. If the accuracy of current methods approaches this limit, further exploration of new prediction techniques may become redundant. Conversely, a need for more precise prediction methods or models may be indicated. In this study, we have experimentally analyzed the limits of accuracy at different numbers of ions and parameters using repeated spectral pairs and integrating various similarity metrics. Results show significant achievements in accuracy for backbone ion methods with room for improvement. In contrast, full-spectrum prediction methods exhibit greater potential relative to the theoretical accuracy limit. Additionally, findings highlight the significant impact of normalized collision energy and instrument type on prediction accuracy, underscoring the importance of considering these factors in future theoretical tandem mass spectrometry predictions.
文摘It has been a dream that theoretical biology can be extensively applied in experimental biology to accelerate the understanding of the sophiscated movements in living organisms. A brave assay and an excellent example were represented by enzymology, in which the well-established physico-chemistry is used to describe, to fit, to predict and to improve enzyme reactions. Before the modern bioinformatics, the developments of the combination of theoretical biology and experimental biology have been mainly limited to various classic formulations. The systematic use of graphic rules by Prof. Kuo-Chen Chou and his co-workers has significantly facilitated to deal with complicated enzyme systems. With the recent fast progress of bioinformatics, prediction of protein structures and various protein attributes have been well established by Chou and co-workers, stimulating the experimental biology. For example, their recent method for predicting protein subcellular localization (one of the important attributes of proteins) has been extensively applied by scientific colleagues, yielding many new results with thousands of citations. The research by Prof. Chou is characterized by introducing novel physical concepts as well as powerful and elegant mathematical methods into important biomedical problems, a focus throughout his career, even when facing enormous difficulties. His efforts in 50 years have greatly helped us to realize the dream to make “theoretical and experimental biology in one”. Prof. Richard Giege is well known for his multi-disciplinary research combining physics, chemistry, enzymology and molecular biology. His major focus of study is on the identity of tRNAs and their interactions with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS), which are of critical importance to the fidelity of protein biosynthesis. He and his colleagues have carried out the first crystallization of a tRNA/aaRS complex, that between tRNAAsp and AspRS from yeast. The determination of the complex structure contributed significantly to under- stand the interaction of protein and RNA. From his fine research, they have also found other biological function of these small RNAs. He has developed in parallel appropriate methods for his research, of which the protein crystallogenesis, a name he has coined, is an excellent example. Now macromolecular crystallogenesis has become a developed science. In fact, such contribution has accelerated the development of protein crystallography, stimulating the study of macromolecular structure and function.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91844000)。
文摘Atmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China in the last 25 years since the concept of the“air pollution complex”was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG in 1997.For papers published in 2021 on air pollution(only papers included in the Web of Science Core Collection database were considered),more than 24000 papers were authored or co-authored by scientists working in China.In this paper,we review a limited number of representative and significant studies on atmospheric chemistry in China in the last few years,including studies on(1)sources and emission inventories,(2)atmospheric chemical processes,(3)interactions of air pollution with meteorology,weather and climate,(4)interactions between the biosphere and atmosphere,and(5)data assimilation.The intention was not to provide a complete review of all progress made in the last few years,but rather to serve as a starting point for learning more about atmospheric chemistry research in China.The advances reviewed in this paper have enabled a theoretical framework for the air pollution complex to be established,provided robust scientific support to highly successful air pollution control policies in China,and created great opportunities in education,training,and career development for many graduate students and young scientists.This paper further highlights that developing and low-income countries that are heavily affected by air pollution can benefit from these research advances,whilst at the same time acknowledging that many challenges and opportunities still remain in atmospheric chemistry research in China,to hopefully be addressed over the next few decades.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2019YFA0903800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31800719 and 21621004)。
文摘Synthetic biotechnology has led to the widespread application of genetically modified organisms(GMOs)in biochemistry, bioenergy, and therapy. However, the uncontrolled spread of GMOs may lead to genetic contamination by horizontal gene transfer, resulting in unpredictable biosafety risks. To deal with these challenges, many effective methods have been developed for biocontainment. In this article, we summarize and discuss recent advances in biocontainment strategies from three aspects: DNA replication, transcriptional regulation, and protein translation. We also briefly introduce the efforts in the biocontainment convention, such as the recent publication of the Tianjin Biosecurity Guidelines for the Code of Conduct for Scientists.
文摘Biological entities are involved in complicated and complex connections;hence,discovering biological information using network biology ideas is critical.In the past few years,network biology has emerged as an integrative and systems-level approach for understanding and interpreting these complex interactions.Biological network analysis is one method for reducing enormous data sets to clinically useful knowledge for disease diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment.The network of biological entities can help us predict drug targets for several diseases.The drug targets identified through the systems biology approach help in targeting the essential biological pathways that contribute to the progression and development of the disease.The novel strategical approach of system biologyassisted pharmacology coupled with computer-aided drug discovery(CADD)can help drugs fight multifactorial diseases efficiently.In the present review,we have summarized the role and application of network biology for not only unfolding the mechanism of complex neurodevelopmental disorders but also identifying important drug targets for diseases like ADHD,Autism,Epilepsy,and Intellectual Disability.Systems biology has emerged as a promising approach to identifying drug targets and aiming for targeted drug discovery for the precise treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21905069, U21A20307, 22208073)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee (ZDSYS20190902093220279, KQTD20170809110344233, GXWD20201230155427003-20200821181245001, GXWD20201230155427003-202008211 81809001, ZX20200151)the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province (2020A1515110879)。
文摘The development of green solvents for enhancing aqueous solubility of drug curcumin remains a challenge. This study explores the enhancing effect of deep eutectic solvents(DESs) on the aqueous solubility of curcumin(CUR) via experiment and theoretical calculation. Choline chloride-based DESs with polyols 1,2-propanediol(1,2-PDO), 1,3-propanediol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol as hydrogen bond donors were prepared and used as co-solvents. The CUR aqueous solubility increased with increasing the DESs content at temperature of 303.15-318.15 K, especially in aqueous ChCl/1,2-PDO(mole ratio 1:4) solutions. The positive apparent molar volume values and reduced density gradient analysis confirmed the existence of strong interactions between CUR and solvent. The van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding coexisted in DESs monomer retained the stability of DESs structure after introducing CUR. Moreover,the lower interaction energy of DESs…CUR system than that of the counterpart DESs further proved the strong interaction between CUR and DESs. The lowest interaction energy of ChCl/1,2-PDO…CUR system indicated that this system was the most stable and ChCl/1,2-PDO was promising for CUR dissolution.This work provides efficient solvents for utilizing curcumin, contributing to a deep insight into the interactions between DES and CUR at the molecular level, and the role of DESs on enhancing drugs solubility.
基金funded by the Basic Research Priorities Program of Yunnan Provincethe Applied Basic Research Programs of Science and Technology Department for Young Scholars(No.2019FD005)Technological Innovation Talents Cultivation Project of Yunnan Province(No.202205AD160043)Technological Innovation Talents Cultivation Project of Dehong City(No.2021RC007).
文摘Pollination biology studies of the endangered herbal medicines Dendrobium chrysotoxum were conducted in natural pollination conditions using flower observation,pollinator observation and artificial pollination experiments.Populations of D.chrysotoxum with fragrance and nectar were pollinated by Ctenoplectra davidi Valhalla(Hymenoptera:Apidae)species.The floral structure of D.chrysotoxum adapted precisely to its pollinators.Flowers had a low capsule setting(0.17%)under natural conditions.However,compared to open pollination,artificial pollination experiments showed a significant increase in capsule setting,and D.chrysotoxum was cross-compatible and self-compatible,but there was pollinator limitation also.This study will provide important information for the preservation of this endangered species.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11775128)。
文摘The spatiotemporal evolutions of a one-dimensional collisionless decaying plasma bounded by two electrodes with an externally applied electrostatic field are studied by theoretical analyses and particle-in-cell(PIC)simulations with the ion extraction process in a laser-induced plasma as the major research background.Based on the theoretical analyses,the transport process of the charged particles including electrons and ions can be divided into three stages:electron oscillation and ion matrix sheath extraction stage,sheath expansion and ion rarefaction wave propagation stage and the plasma collapse stage,and the corresponding criterion for each stage is also presented.Consequently,a complete analytical model is established for describing the ion extraction flux at each stage during the decaying of the laser-induced plasmas under an electrostatic field,which is also validated by the PIC modeling results.Based on this analytical model,influences of the key physical parameters,including the initial electron temperature and number density,plasma width and the externally applied electric voltage,on the ratio of the extracted ions are predicted.The calculated results show that a higher applied electric potential,smaller initial plasma number density and plasma width lead to a higher ratio of the extracted ions during the first stage;while in this stage,the initial electron temperature shows little effect on it.Meanwhile,more ions will be extracted before the plasma collapse once a higher electric potential is applied.The theoretical model presented in this paper is helpful not only for a deep understanding to the charged particle transport mechanisms for a bounded decaying plasma under an applied electrostatic field,but also for an optimization of the ion extraction process in practical applications.
文摘This paper sorted out the relevant literature on the basic theory of Mongolian medicine,explored the research methods and ideas of the basic theory of Mongolian medicine,and elaborated the idea of combining systems biology to study part of the basic theory of Mongolian medicine.Through searching classic works and research papers in academic journals,this paper sorted out and summarized the research progress of the basic theory of Mongolian medicine and the existing problems in the current research,analyzed its characteristics,combined with systems biology methods to systematically explain some content in the basic theory,reveal its scientific connotation,and provide a basis for further research.
基金Supported by the"First-class Discipline"Project of Mongolian Medicine in 2021(myxylxk202122)Collaborative Innovation Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(MYYXT202005)+1 种基金Scientific Research Project for Teachers of"First-class Discipline"of Mongolian Pharmacy in 2020(myxylxkky2020-04)Million Science and Technology Project of Inner Mongolia Medical University(YKD2018KJBW029).
文摘The application of molecular biology technology in the identification and quality control of Mongolian medicine is increasing gradually,and it provides a new method for identifying fake and inferior products and confused products of Mongolian medicine.In this paper,the application and prospect of molecular biology technology(such as DNA barcoding and PCR molecular identification technique)in the identification of crude Mongolian medicine were reviewed.
文摘Based on the implementation of the new college entrance examination reform policy and the demand of related policies,the choice of subjects for high school students has shifted from the traditional relatively single model of arts and sciences division to the"3+3"model,and the topic of"how to infiltrate the concept of career education in the teaching process of senior high schools"has become increasingly important.However,at present,the implementation of career education in senior high schools is frequently limited,mainly in the form of class meetings,which instills the concept of career education to students.Therefore,the implementation effect is often not satisfactory.Therefore,experiential learning,a novel and efficient learning method,has entered public's view.Based on relevant research literature at home and abroad,we started with the importance and urgency of implementing career education in high schools,and generally reviewed the research status and future development trends of experiential career education both domestically and internationally.The practical and theoretical significance of the research were explained,and relevant concepts were summarized.Finally,strategic suggestions were proposed for integrating experiential career education concepts into biology teaching in ordinary high schools in China.
基金Supported by the Research Project of Degree and Postgraduate Education Reform of Guangdong Ocean University(202120)Innovation Program of Postgraduate Education in Guangdong Province(Ejiaoyanhan[2022]No.1)。
文摘This paper intends to combine the development trend of the subject,restructure and optimize the course content,and construct the service learning model of Pathogenic Biology of Aquatic Animals for postgraduates.At the same time,through service practice,it is needed to further consolidate curriculum knowledge and skills,stimulate the learning initiative and enthusiasm of postgraduates,expand professional knowledge,improve professional quality,and lay a solid foundation for serving the national rural revitalization strategy in the future.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515030047)Zhejiang Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(2022SNJF078).
文摘Regenerative medicine and anti-aging research have made great strides at the molecular and cellular levels in dermatology and the medical aesthetic field,targeting potential treatments with skin therapeutic and intervention pathways,which make it possible to develop effective skin regeneration and repair ingredients.With the rapid development of computational biology,bioinformatics as well as artificial intelligence(A.I.),the development of new ingredients for regenerative medicine has been greatly accelerated,and the success rate has been improved.Some application cases have appeared in topical skin regeneration and repair scenarios.This review will briefly introduce the application of bioactive peptides in skin repair and anti-aging as emerging ingredients in cosmeceutics and emphasize how A.I.based computational biology technology may accelerate the development of innovative peptide molecules and ultimately translate them into potential skin regenerative and anti-aging scenarios.Typically,two research routines have been summarized and current limitations as well as directions were discussed for border applications in future research.
文摘The deepening process of globalization has given rise to restless cultural exchanges among people from different regions of the world through newspapers,books,and other written media.However,the significant differences in languages and cultures have become an insurmountable gap in intercultural communication.To lubricate cultural exchanges,new translation theories that focus on the transformation of different cultural concepts shall be introduced and adopted.This paper aims to extract applicable notions from Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions for pragmatic translation studies by laying emphasis on its pragmatic value through case study.By such theoretical transplantation,valuable suggestions are proposed to tackle cultural misunderstandings and conflicts encountered amid cultural exchanges.
