Building performance simulation (BPS) is a crucial tool towards the design of projects better adapted its climatic context. In this sense, the objective of this research is to evaluate a method of thermal comfort anal...Building performance simulation (BPS) is a crucial tool towards the design of projects better adapted its climatic context. In this sense, the objective of this research is to evaluate a method of thermal comfort analysis of schools in three Brazilian cities using BPS. The methodological procedures involved a literature review, in which the simulation tool and analysis method were chosen. Following simulations with the software DesignBuilder were performed using as study case a standard school typology designed by the General Coordination of Educational Infrastructure (CODIN/FNDE). This article evaluates its percentage occupied comfort hours in 3 reference cities: Cuiabá-MT, Brasília-DF, and Curitiba-PR. The results show respectively, for the cities of Curitiba, Brasília and Cuiabá, percentages of comfort hours of 76%, 70%, and 23%. The research states that the project must have different strategies for different climates. Finally, this article recommends this method should be applied to other cities and buildings.展开更多
Good learning outputs in schools require an acceptable physical environment inside schools. Whatever the climatic context that surrounds any school buildings, energy flows of different types should be provided. Concer...Good learning outputs in schools require an acceptable physical environment inside schools. Whatever the climatic context that surrounds any school buildings, energy flows of different types should be provided. Concerns may include thermal environment, luminous environment and acoustics environment. Types of energy used are an important variable that contributes to thermal comfort. Physical structure of the school building is another factor to be taken into consideration. This article established a relationship between thermal comfort inside schools and types of energy flows which have been consumed to maintain the level of comfort required, controlled by the building fabric and consequent economic factors that affect energy consumption of school buildings. Different approaches were applied in order to achieve the research objectives. Field surveys, field measurements and analyzing historical data were the most approaches followed to implement this study. The final outputs of this work have a national value nationwide： establishing a relationship among thermal comfort, energy flows and building fabric is of importance. Furthermore, it is of great importance to the decision maker for educational facilities. Research will also establish a wide platform based on scientific investigations for developing climate responsive school architecture in Jordan.展开更多
The current investigations primarily focus on using advanced suspensions to overcome the tradeo design of ride comfort and handling performance for mining vehicles. It is generally realized by adjusting spring sti nes...The current investigations primarily focus on using advanced suspensions to overcome the tradeo design of ride comfort and handling performance for mining vehicles. It is generally realized by adjusting spring sti ness or damping parameters through active control methods. However, some drawbacks regarding control complexity and uncertain reliability are inevitable for these advanced suspensions. Herein, a novel passive hydraulically interconnected suspension(HIS) system is proposed to achieve an improved ride-handling compromise of mining vehicles. A lumped-mass vehicle model involved with a mechanical–hydraulic coupled system is developed by applying the free-body diagram method. The transfer matrix method is used to derive the impedance of the hydraulic system, and the impedance is integrated to form the equation of motions for a mechanical–hydraulic coupled system. The modal analysis method is employed to obtain the free vibration transmissibilities and force vibration responses under di erent road excitations. A series of frequency characteristic analyses are presented to evaluate the isolation vibration performance between the mining vehicles with the proposed HIS and the conventional suspension. The analysis results prove that the proposed HIS system can e ectively suppress the pitch motion of sprung mass to guarantee the handling performance, and favorably provide soft bounce sti ness to improve the ride comfort. The distribution of dynamic forces between the front and rear wheels is more reasonable, and the vibration decay rate of sprung mass is increased e ectively. This research proposes a new suspension design method that can achieve the enhanced cooperative control of bounce and pitch motion modes to improve the ride comfort and handling performance of mining vehicles as an e ective passive suspension system.展开更多
Energy performance assessment on central air-conditioning system is essential to optimize operating, reduce operating costs, improve indoor environmental quality, and determine whether the retrofitting of the equipmen...Energy performance assessment on central air-conditioning system is essential to optimize operating, reduce operating costs, improve indoor environmental quality, and determine whether the retrofitting of the equipment is necessary. But it is difficult to evaluate it reasonably and comprehensively due to its complexity. A "holistic" approach was discussed to evaluate the energy performance of central air-conditioning system for an extra-large commercial building in a subtropical city. All procedures were described in detail, including field investigation method, field measurement instruments, data processing and data analyzing. The main factors affecting energy consumption of air-conditioning system were analyzed and the annual cooling-energy use intensity of this building was calculated and also compared with other shopping malls and other types of buildings in Guangzhou. And COP(coefficient of performance) of chiller, water transfer factor of chilled water system and cooling water system were taken into consideration. At last, the thermal comfort and indoor air quality issues were addressed. The results show that the chilled water pumps are over-sized and the indoor environmental quality should be improved. The purpose of this work is to provide reference for energy performance assessment method for air-conditioning system.展开更多
This paper reviews the principle and application of the thermally activated desiccant cooling systems with their capability to perform efficiently in hot-humid climates.The paper first introduces the continuous increa...This paper reviews the principle and application of the thermally activated desiccant cooling systems with their capability to perform efficiently in hot-humid climates.The paper first introduces the continuous increase of thermal comfort required in building and their relation with the consumption of conventional energy sources.The importance of desiccant cooling technology and its applications has been introduced as well.The energy and environmental issues with the conventional energy supply and the demand with the environmental problems and conditions mainly related to indoor air quality have been also discussed in the second chapter of this paper.The third part of this paper deals with different techniques and systems applied for cooling and dehumidification including the principles of solid and liquid desiccant applications.Indeed,these systems perform well in hothumid climates.The result of a case study of the solid desiccant cooling system combined with solar energy for the desiccant wheel regeneration has been presented in the last chapter in this paper to show the capability of these systems once well applied in a hot-humid climate.展开更多
In China, REC （residential energy consumption） is the second largest energy use category （10%） following the industry. To fulfill the Chinese government＇s commitment that Chinese CO2 emissions would peak in 2030,...In China, REC （residential energy consumption） is the second largest energy use category （10%） following the industry. To fulfill the Chinese government＇s commitment that Chinese CO2 emissions would peak in 2030, as a result, improving the energy efficiency and reducing the emissions from the building sector is significantly important. A survey, in the form of a questionnaire, of energy consumption and thermal situation in different residential building types （detached house, multi-story building, high-rise building）, was undertaken in three cities （Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Changzhou） in hot-summer and cold-winter regions, these three cities were selected to represent the most flourishing economic provinces. This region in China was selected for the evaluation of EETP （energy and thermal performance analysis）, because of its special weather conditions, huge energy consumption （as both heating in winter and cooling in summer are necessary）, and other regional characteristics. 183 households were sampled and experiments were separately done in typical examples of three different building types. Systematic evaluation on EETP for three different residential building types, were put forward to assess the energy efficiency and thermal performance of three different building types.展开更多
BACKGROUND Running is a hugely popular sport.Unfortunately,running-related injury(RRI)rates are high,particularly amongst amateur and recreational runners.Finding ways to reduce RRI rates and maximise comfort and perf...BACKGROUND Running is a hugely popular sport.Unfortunately,running-related injury(RRI)rates are high,particularly amongst amateur and recreational runners.Finding ways to reduce RRI rates and maximise comfort and performance for runners is important.Evidence regarding whether orthotics can successfully improve these parameters is limited and contradicting.Further research is required to provide runners with clearer guidance on the usefulness of orthotics.AIM To investigate the effect of Aetrex Orthotics on comfort,speed and RRI rates during recreational running.METHODS One hundred and six recreational runners were recruited on a voluntary basis via running clubs and social media pages and randomised into either the intervention or control group.Participants in the intervention group ran with Aetrex L700 Speed Orthotics inserted in their usual running shoes,whilst participants in the control group ran in their usual running shoes with no orthotics.The study ran for an 8-wk period.Participants provided data relating to running comfort,distance,and time during weeks 3-6.Participants provided data relating to any RRIs they sustained during all 8 wks.Running distance and time were used to calculate running speed in miles per hour(mph).For each outcome variable,95%confidence intervals and P values were calculated to assess the statistical significance between the groups.For comfort and speed data,univariate multi-level analysis was performed,and for outcome variables with significant between group differences,multi-level multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate any confounding effects of gender and age.RESULTS Ninety-four participants were included in the final analysis(drop-out rate=11%).Comfort and speed from 940 runs and 978 injury data reports were analysed.Participants who ran with orthotics reported,on average,speeds 0.30 mph faster(P=0.20)and comfort scores 1.27 points higher(P≤0.001)than participants who ran with no orthotics.They were also 2.22 times less likely to sustain an injury(P=0.08)than participants who ran with no orthotics.However,findings were only significant for comfort and not for speed or injury rates.Age and gender were found to be significant predictors of comfort.However,the improvements in comfort reported by participants who ran with orthotics were still significant after adjusting for age and gender.CONCLUSION This study found orthotics to improve comfort and speed and prevent RRIs whilst running.However,these findings were only statistically significant for comfort.展开更多
This paper presents preliminary data on a series of building comfort experiments conducted in the field.We performed physical in-situ measurements and solicited responses from 409(184 female;225 male)university studen...This paper presents preliminary data on a series of building comfort experiments conducted in the field.We performed physical in-situ measurements and solicited responses from 409(184 female;225 male)university students in six different classrooms at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst during three seasons(fall,winter and spring).Our questions focused on student perception of comfort in varied environmental(temperature and humidity,and air speed)conditions.We collected records of student academic performance in the classes,correlating their comfort perceptions to their test scores.Statistical analysis of classroom environ-mental variables,thermal satisfaction,and student scores suggest that by enhancing thermal comfort,we can improve academic performance.展开更多
为分析热防护材料领域研究现状和未来发展趋势,文章采用信息可视化、网络分析的研究方法,以Web of Science(WOS)数据库及中国知网(CNKI)数据库中近30年(1993年1月—2023年6月)热防护材料相关的文献作为数据来源绘制可视化信息图谱,对发...为分析热防护材料领域研究现状和未来发展趋势,文章采用信息可视化、网络分析的研究方法,以Web of Science(WOS)数据库及中国知网(CNKI)数据库中近30年(1993年1月—2023年6月)热防护材料相关的文献作为数据来源绘制可视化信息图谱,对发文量、发文国家地区和机构、研究方向、核心作者、关键词等元素逐一进行分析,剖析热防护材料研究领域的发展动态、研究热点及前沿趋势。结果显示,美国、中国为主要研究国家,在该领域居重要地位;LI J(Li Jun)、SONG G W(Song Guowen)、SU Y(Su Yun)、LU Y H(Lu Yehu)、王云仪、朱方龙等作者为该领域的核心作者,在热应激、热防护服的研究中具有重要影响力;热防护服的热防护性与传热机制、人体的热生理与热舒适为活跃的研究主题与研究热点;相变材料、气凝胶、形状记忆织物、蜂窝夹芯织物、三维间隔织物为当前的研究热点材料,新型热防护材料的研发、服装内部结构的优化是未来研究中有效应对热应激的解决方法,是兼顾热防护服的热防护与热舒适平衡的重要途径。展开更多
基金The first author wishes thanks to the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq)for supporting this research.
文摘Building performance simulation (BPS) is a crucial tool towards the design of projects better adapted its climatic context. In this sense, the objective of this research is to evaluate a method of thermal comfort analysis of schools in three Brazilian cities using BPS. The methodological procedures involved a literature review, in which the simulation tool and analysis method were chosen. Following simulations with the software DesignBuilder were performed using as study case a standard school typology designed by the General Coordination of Educational Infrastructure (CODIN/FNDE). This article evaluates its percentage occupied comfort hours in 3 reference cities: Cuiabá-MT, Brasília-DF, and Curitiba-PR. The results show respectively, for the cities of Curitiba, Brasília and Cuiabá, percentages of comfort hours of 76%, 70%, and 23%. The research states that the project must have different strategies for different climates. Finally, this article recommends this method should be applied to other cities and buildings.
文摘Good learning outputs in schools require an acceptable physical environment inside schools. Whatever the climatic context that surrounds any school buildings, energy flows of different types should be provided. Concerns may include thermal environment, luminous environment and acoustics environment. Types of energy used are an important variable that contributes to thermal comfort. Physical structure of the school building is another factor to be taken into consideration. This article established a relationship between thermal comfort inside schools and types of energy flows which have been consumed to maintain the level of comfort required, controlled by the building fabric and consequent economic factors that affect energy consumption of school buildings. Different approaches were applied in order to achieve the research objectives. Field surveys, field measurements and analyzing historical data were the most approaches followed to implement this study. The final outputs of this work have a national value nationwide： establishing a relationship among thermal comfort, energy flows and building fabric is of importance. Furthermore, it is of great importance to the decision maker for educational facilities. Research will also establish a wide platform based on scientific investigations for developing climate responsive school architecture in Jordan.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51805155,51675152)Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51621004)Open Fund in the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body(Grant No.71575005)
文摘The current investigations primarily focus on using advanced suspensions to overcome the tradeo design of ride comfort and handling performance for mining vehicles. It is generally realized by adjusting spring sti ness or damping parameters through active control methods. However, some drawbacks regarding control complexity and uncertain reliability are inevitable for these advanced suspensions. Herein, a novel passive hydraulically interconnected suspension(HIS) system is proposed to achieve an improved ride-handling compromise of mining vehicles. A lumped-mass vehicle model involved with a mechanical–hydraulic coupled system is developed by applying the free-body diagram method. The transfer matrix method is used to derive the impedance of the hydraulic system, and the impedance is integrated to form the equation of motions for a mechanical–hydraulic coupled system. The modal analysis method is employed to obtain the free vibration transmissibilities and force vibration responses under di erent road excitations. A series of frequency characteristic analyses are presented to evaluate the isolation vibration performance between the mining vehicles with the proposed HIS and the conventional suspension. The analysis results prove that the proposed HIS system can e ectively suppress the pitch motion of sprung mass to guarantee the handling performance, and favorably provide soft bounce sti ness to improve the ride comfort. The distribution of dynamic forces between the front and rear wheels is more reasonable, and the vibration decay rate of sprung mass is increased e ectively. This research proposes a new suspension design method that can achieve the enhanced cooperative control of bounce and pitch motion modes to improve the ride comfort and handling performance of mining vehicles as an e ective passive suspension system.
基金Project(2011B061200043)supported by the Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology,China
文摘Energy performance assessment on central air-conditioning system is essential to optimize operating, reduce operating costs, improve indoor environmental quality, and determine whether the retrofitting of the equipment is necessary. But it is difficult to evaluate it reasonably and comprehensively due to its complexity. A "holistic" approach was discussed to evaluate the energy performance of central air-conditioning system for an extra-large commercial building in a subtropical city. All procedures were described in detail, including field investigation method, field measurement instruments, data processing and data analyzing. The main factors affecting energy consumption of air-conditioning system were analyzed and the annual cooling-energy use intensity of this building was calculated and also compared with other shopping malls and other types of buildings in Guangzhou. And COP(coefficient of performance) of chiller, water transfer factor of chilled water system and cooling water system were taken into consideration. At last, the thermal comfort and indoor air quality issues were addressed. The results show that the chilled water pumps are over-sized and the indoor environmental quality should be improved. The purpose of this work is to provide reference for energy performance assessment method for air-conditioning system.
文摘This paper reviews the principle and application of the thermally activated desiccant cooling systems with their capability to perform efficiently in hot-humid climates.The paper first introduces the continuous increase of thermal comfort required in building and their relation with the consumption of conventional energy sources.The importance of desiccant cooling technology and its applications has been introduced as well.The energy and environmental issues with the conventional energy supply and the demand with the environmental problems and conditions mainly related to indoor air quality have been also discussed in the second chapter of this paper.The third part of this paper deals with different techniques and systems applied for cooling and dehumidification including the principles of solid and liquid desiccant applications.Indeed,these systems perform well in hothumid climates.The result of a case study of the solid desiccant cooling system combined with solar energy for the desiccant wheel regeneration has been presented in the last chapter in this paper to show the capability of these systems once well applied in a hot-humid climate.
文摘In China, REC （residential energy consumption） is the second largest energy use category （10%） following the industry. To fulfill the Chinese government＇s commitment that Chinese CO2 emissions would peak in 2030, as a result, improving the energy efficiency and reducing the emissions from the building sector is significantly important. A survey, in the form of a questionnaire, of energy consumption and thermal situation in different residential building types （detached house, multi-story building, high-rise building）, was undertaken in three cities （Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Changzhou） in hot-summer and cold-winter regions, these three cities were selected to represent the most flourishing economic provinces. This region in China was selected for the evaluation of EETP （energy and thermal performance analysis）, because of its special weather conditions, huge energy consumption （as both heating in winter and cooling in summer are necessary）, and other regional characteristics. 183 households were sampled and experiments were separately done in typical examples of three different building types. Systematic evaluation on EETP for three different residential building types, were put forward to assess the energy efficiency and thermal performance of three different building types.
基金Supported by Aetrex,Inc.414 Alfred Avenue Teaneck,NJ 07666,USA。
文摘BACKGROUND Running is a hugely popular sport.Unfortunately,running-related injury(RRI)rates are high,particularly amongst amateur and recreational runners.Finding ways to reduce RRI rates and maximise comfort and performance for runners is important.Evidence regarding whether orthotics can successfully improve these parameters is limited and contradicting.Further research is required to provide runners with clearer guidance on the usefulness of orthotics.AIM To investigate the effect of Aetrex Orthotics on comfort,speed and RRI rates during recreational running.METHODS One hundred and six recreational runners were recruited on a voluntary basis via running clubs and social media pages and randomised into either the intervention or control group.Participants in the intervention group ran with Aetrex L700 Speed Orthotics inserted in their usual running shoes,whilst participants in the control group ran in their usual running shoes with no orthotics.The study ran for an 8-wk period.Participants provided data relating to running comfort,distance,and time during weeks 3-6.Participants provided data relating to any RRIs they sustained during all 8 wks.Running distance and time were used to calculate running speed in miles per hour(mph).For each outcome variable,95%confidence intervals and P values were calculated to assess the statistical significance between the groups.For comfort and speed data,univariate multi-level analysis was performed,and for outcome variables with significant between group differences,multi-level multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate any confounding effects of gender and age.RESULTS Ninety-four participants were included in the final analysis(drop-out rate=11%).Comfort and speed from 940 runs and 978 injury data reports were analysed.Participants who ran with orthotics reported,on average,speeds 0.30 mph faster(P=0.20)and comfort scores 1.27 points higher(P≤0.001)than participants who ran with no orthotics.They were also 2.22 times less likely to sustain an injury(P=0.08)than participants who ran with no orthotics.However,findings were only significant for comfort and not for speed or injury rates.Age and gender were found to be significant predictors of comfort.However,the improvements in comfort reported by participants who ran with orthotics were still significant after adjusting for age and gender.CONCLUSION This study found orthotics to improve comfort and speed and prevent RRIs whilst running.However,these findings were only statistically significant for comfort.
文摘This paper presents preliminary data on a series of building comfort experiments conducted in the field.We performed physical in-situ measurements and solicited responses from 409(184 female;225 male)university students in six different classrooms at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst during three seasons(fall,winter and spring).Our questions focused on student perception of comfort in varied environmental(temperature and humidity,and air speed)conditions.We collected records of student academic performance in the classes,correlating their comfort perceptions to their test scores.Statistical analysis of classroom environ-mental variables,thermal satisfaction,and student scores suggest that by enhancing thermal comfort,we can improve academic performance.
文摘为分析热防护材料领域研究现状和未来发展趋势,文章采用信息可视化、网络分析的研究方法,以Web of Science(WOS)数据库及中国知网(CNKI)数据库中近30年(1993年1月—2023年6月)热防护材料相关的文献作为数据来源绘制可视化信息图谱,对发文量、发文国家地区和机构、研究方向、核心作者、关键词等元素逐一进行分析,剖析热防护材料研究领域的发展动态、研究热点及前沿趋势。结果显示,美国、中国为主要研究国家,在该领域居重要地位;LI J(Li Jun)、SONG G W(Song Guowen)、SU Y(Su Yun)、LU Y H(Lu Yehu)、王云仪、朱方龙等作者为该领域的核心作者,在热应激、热防护服的研究中具有重要影响力;热防护服的热防护性与传热机制、人体的热生理与热舒适为活跃的研究主题与研究热点;相变材料、气凝胶、形状记忆织物、蜂窝夹芯织物、三维间隔织物为当前的研究热点材料,新型热防护材料的研发、服装内部结构的优化是未来研究中有效应对热应激的解决方法,是兼顾热防护服的热防护与热舒适平衡的重要途径。
