The frequency of any periodic event can be defined in terms of units of Time. Planck constructed a unit of time called the Plank time from other physical constants. Vyasa defined a natural unit of time, kshana, or mom...The frequency of any periodic event can be defined in terms of units of Time. Planck constructed a unit of time called the Plank time from other physical constants. Vyasa defined a natural unit of time, kshana, or moment based on the motion of a fundamental particle. It is the time taken by an elementary particle, to change its direction from east to north. According to Vyasa, kshana is discrete, exceedingly small, indivisible, and is a constant time quantum. When the intrinsic spin angular momentum of an electron was related to the angular momentum of a simple thin circular plate, spherical shell, and solid sphere model of an electron, we found that the value of kshana in seconds was equal to ten to a power of minus twenty-one second. The disc model for the spinning electron provides an accurate value of the number of kshanas per second as determined previously and compared with other spinning models of electrons. These results indicate that the disk-like model of spinning electrons is the correct model for electrons. Vyasa’s definition of kshana opens the possibility of a new foundation for the theory of physical time, and perspectives in theoretical and philosophical research.展开更多
Presents the simulation and analysis of the rotary forging of a disc using a finite element method, which reveals the thinning at the disc center is caused by higher radial and tangential tensile stresses resulting fr...Presents the simulation and analysis of the rotary forging of a disc using a finite element method, which reveals the thinning at the disc center is caused by higher radial and tangential tensile stresses resulting from the local loading of a rotary die and acting at the center of a workpiece, and proposes a new design of rotary die with a hole opened in its center to prevent the continuous occurrence of shortening in the axial direction and elongation in the tangential and radial directions, and concludes from simulation results that the rotary die with a hole opened in its center is effective for prevention of thinning or cracking at the center of a disc during rotary forging.展开更多
The rotary forging process of a disc is simulated by 3-D finite element method.The motion of the rotary the is described as the combination of a revolution round the machine axis and a spin round the rotary die axis...The rotary forging process of a disc is simulated by 3-D finite element method.The motion of the rotary the is described as the combination of a revolution round the machine axis and a spin round the rotary die axis. Therefore, the workpiece can be loaded and unloaded partly and cyclically by the cone surface of the rotary the continuously, according with the practical rotary forging process. From the siumulation rasults, the causes of center-thinning during rotary forging of discs are that the locally loading of rotary die made the workpiece center get high radial and tangential tensile stresses, and then the shortening in axial direction and the elongating in tangential and radial direction occur continuous- ly.展开更多
Research is conducted on the relationship between thickness of deflected disc and damping force of tube shock absorbers. By analyzing performing characteristics of the throttling valve using throttling theory of small...Research is conducted on the relationship between thickness of deflected disc and damping force of tube shock absorbers. By analyzing performing characteristics of the throttling valve using throttling theory of small clearance space and thin place deformation theories, mathematical correlation between disc thickness and magnitude of damping force is formulated. Moreover, a rule concerning change of damping force in terms of disc thickness is concluded.展开更多
文摘The frequency of any periodic event can be defined in terms of units of Time. Planck constructed a unit of time called the Plank time from other physical constants. Vyasa defined a natural unit of time, kshana, or moment based on the motion of a fundamental particle. It is the time taken by an elementary particle, to change its direction from east to north. According to Vyasa, kshana is discrete, exceedingly small, indivisible, and is a constant time quantum. When the intrinsic spin angular momentum of an electron was related to the angular momentum of a simple thin circular plate, spherical shell, and solid sphere model of an electron, we found that the value of kshana in seconds was equal to ten to a power of minus twenty-one second. The disc model for the spinning electron provides an accurate value of the number of kshanas per second as determined previously and compared with other spinning models of electrons. These results indicate that the disk-like model of spinning electrons is the correct model for electrons. Vyasa’s definition of kshana opens the possibility of a new foundation for the theory of physical time, and perspectives in theoretical and philosophical research.
文摘Presents the simulation and analysis of the rotary forging of a disc using a finite element method, which reveals the thinning at the disc center is caused by higher radial and tangential tensile stresses resulting from the local loading of a rotary die and acting at the center of a workpiece, and proposes a new design of rotary die with a hole opened in its center to prevent the continuous occurrence of shortening in the axial direction and elongation in the tangential and radial directions, and concludes from simulation results that the rotary die with a hole opened in its center is effective for prevention of thinning or cracking at the center of a disc during rotary forging.
文摘The rotary forging process of a disc is simulated by 3-D finite element method.The motion of the rotary the is described as the combination of a revolution round the machine axis and a spin round the rotary die axis. Therefore, the workpiece can be loaded and unloaded partly and cyclically by the cone surface of the rotary the continuously, according with the practical rotary forging process. From the siumulation rasults, the causes of center-thinning during rotary forging of discs are that the locally loading of rotary die made the workpiece center get high radial and tangential tensile stresses, and then the shortening in axial direction and the elongating in tangential and radial direction occur continuous- ly.
文摘Research is conducted on the relationship between thickness of deflected disc and damping force of tube shock absorbers. By analyzing performing characteristics of the throttling valve using throttling theory of small clearance space and thin place deformation theories, mathematical correlation between disc thickness and magnitude of damping force is formulated. Moreover, a rule concerning change of damping force in terms of disc thickness is concluded.
