The hydrolysis of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) protein in the presence of Alcalase?-Flavourzyme? and Pepsin-Pancreatin was investigated. The results showed that Alcalase?-Flavourzyme? (29.08%) sequential system catal...The hydrolysis of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) protein in the presence of Alcalase?-Flavourzyme? and Pepsin-Pancreatin was investigated. The results showed that Alcalase?-Flavourzyme? (29.08%) sequential system catalyzed the hydrolysis most efficiently that Pepsin-Pancreatin (24.78%). In addition, the higher ACE-I inhibitory activity was achieved with the sequential system Alcalase?-Flavourzyme? (33.13%). Furthermore, the concentration of peptides employing an ultrafiltration (UF) system or their purification by gel filtration chromatography showed that the oligomeric peptides with lower molecular weight registered the highest ACE-I inhibitory activity. It has been demonstrated that Mucuna pruriens protein hydrolysates could serve as a source of peptides with ACE inhibitory activity and this activity can be attributed mainly to the mixture of short peptides in the hydrolysate.展开更多
Background Heart failure （HF） is a common disease with complex pathophysiological causes. The diagnosis of HF commonly relies on comprehensive analyses of medical history and symptoms, and results from echocardiogra...Background Heart failure （HF） is a common disease with complex pathophysiological causes. The diagnosis of HF commonly relies on comprehensive analyses of medical history and symptoms, and results from echocardiography and biochemical tests. Galectin-3, a rela-tively new biomarker in HF, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010 as a marker in the stratification of risk for HF. We assessed galectin-3 as a biomarker for HF diagnosis in patients with preserved ejection fraction （pEF） and compared its performance with that of B-type natriuretic peptide （BNP）. Methods Thirty-five pEF patients with HF （HFpEF group） and 43 pEF patients without HF （control group） were enrolled. Plasma levels of galectin-3 and BNP in HFpEF and control subjects were determined. Sensitivity, specificity, pre dictive values, and accuracy of galectin-3 and BNP as markers for HF diagnosis were calculated and compared. Results Levels of galec- tin-3 and BNP were 23.09 ±6.97 ng/mL and 270.46 ± 330.41 pg/mL in the HFpEF group, and 16.74 ± 2.75 ng/mL and 59.94 ± 29.93 pg/mL in the control group, respectively. Differences in levels of galectin-3 and BNP between the two groups were significant （P 〈 0.01）. As a bio- marker for HF diagnosis in study subjects, galectin-3 showed sensitivity and specificity of 94.3% and 65.1%, respectively, at a cutoff value of 17.8 ug/mL. BNP showed sensitivity and specificity of 77.1% and 90.7%, respectively, at a cutoff value of 100 pg/mL. Galectin-3 was a significantly more sensitive （P 〈 0.05） but less specific （P 〈 0.01） biomarker compared with BNP. Differences in positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy between galectin-3 and BNP markers were not significant （P 〉 0.05）. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve （95% confidence interval） were 0.891 （0.808-0.974） and 0.896 （0.809-0.984） for galectin-3 and BNP, respec- tively, with no significant difference between the two values （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusions The level of galectin-3 is significantly elevated in patients with HF. Galectin-3 and BNP are useful biomarkers for the diagnosis of HF in patients with pEF.展开更多
E dible bird’s nest(EBN)hydrolysates have been proven to exhibit enhanced bioactivities.However,being a macromolecule,fractions with different molecular weights would have different properties and bioactivities.Hence...E dible bird’s nest(EBN)hydrolysates have been proven to exhibit enhanced bioactivities.However,being a macromolecule,fractions with different molecular weights would have different properties and bioactivities.Hence,this research was aimed to determine the chemical properties and antioxidant activities of freezedried(EBN_(FD))and spray-dried EBN(EBN_(SD))hydrolysates fractionated using gel permeation chromatography(GPC).Overall,two well-separated fractions were identified(EBN_(fFD1),EBN_(fFD2),EBN_(fSD1) and EBN_(fSD2)).EBNFD demonstrated significantly higher(P≤0.05)peptide(3.6%),total carbohydrate(27.7%)and sialic acid(18.2%)contents than that of EBNSD.Similar trend was observed in low molecular weight fractionates(EBN_(fFD2) and EBN_(fSD2)).Meanwhile,the first fractionates(EBN_(fFD1) and EBN_(fSD1))exhibited significantly higher(P≤0.05)hydroxyl radical(·OH)scavenging activity.Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy demonstrated that all EBN fractionates have similar spectrum,except in the region of N—H(amideⅡ)and C—H alkyl group.In conclusion,EBN fractionates with different molecular weights showed different chemical properties and antioxidant activities.展开更多
The unique composition of milk makes this basic foodstuff into an exceptional raw material for the production of new ingredients with desired properties and diverse applications in the food industry. The fractionation...The unique composition of milk makes this basic foodstuff into an exceptional raw material for the production of new ingredients with desired properties and diverse applications in the food industry. The fractionation of milk is the key in the development of those ingredients and products;hence continuous research and development on this field, especially various levels of fractionation and separation by filtration, have been carried out. This review focuses on the production of milk fractions as well as their particular properties, applications and processes that increase their exploitation. Whey proteins and caseins from the protein fraction are excellent emulsifiers and protein supplements. Besides, they can be chemically or enzymatically modified to obtain bioactive peptides with numerous functional and nutritional properties. In this context, valorization techniques of cheese-whey proteins, by-product of dairy industry that constitutes both economic and environmental problems, are being developed. Phospholipids from the milk fat fraction are powerful emulsifiers and also have exclusive nutraceutical properties. In addition, enzyme modification of milk phospholipids makes it possible to tailor emulsifiers with particular properties. However, several aspects remain to be overcome;those refer to a deeper understanding of the healthy, functional and nutritional properties of these new ingredients that might be barriers for its use and acceptability. Additionally, in this review, alternative applications of milk constituents in the non-food area such as in the manufacture of plastic materials and textile fibers are also introduced. The unmet needs, the cross-fertilization in between various protein domains,the carbon footprint requirements, the environmental necessities, the health and wellness new demand, etc., are dominant factors in the search for innovation approaches;these factors are also outlining the further innovation potential deriving from those “apparent” constrains obliging science and technology to take them into account.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Kawasaki disease （KD） is a common cause of acquired heart disease in children. Recent studies have focused on the biochemical markers of the myocardium, their high sensitivity and specificity and signif...BACKGROUND： Kawasaki disease （KD） is a common cause of acquired heart disease in children. Recent studies have focused on the biochemical markers of the myocardium, their high sensitivity and specificity and significance in the diagnosis of KD. This study aimed to determine the serum level of brain natriuretic peptide （BNP） and its relation with the heart function of children with KD and to explore its clinical value in diagnosis of KD.METHODS： Forty-three KD children, aged from 5 months to 8 years （mean 2.3±0.6 years ）, were admitted to Qingdao Children＇s Hospital from February 2007 to April 2009. Among them 27 were male, and 16 female. The 43 patients served as a KD group. Patients with myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease and other primary heart diseases were excluded. Thirty healthy children, aged from 3 months to 15 years （mean 2.5±0.8 years） or 17 males and 13 females served as a control group. There were no significant differences in age and gender between the two groups （P〉0.05）. In the KD group, ELISAwas used to measure the levels of serum BNP in acute and convalescent stages; and in the control group, the levels of serum BNP were measured once randomly. Left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）, left ventricular shorten fraction （LVSF）, cardiac index （CI） and left ventricular inflow velocity through the mitral annulus （including E-velocity and A-velocity） were measured by two- dimensional echocardiography in the acute and convalescent stages in the KD group. All data were expressed as mean±SD. The methods of analysis included Student＇s t test and the linear regression analysis test. P〈0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS： The level of serum BNP in the acute stage （517.26±213.40） ng/ml was significantly higher than that in the convalescent stage （91.56±47.97） ng/ml in the control group （37.55±7.56） ng/ ml （P〈0.01）. The levels of LVEF, LVSF and CI in the acute stage were significantly lower than those in the convalescent stage （P〈0.05）, but the E/A level was not significantly different between the acute and convalescent stages （P〉0.05）. Linear regression analysis showed that the BNP level was negatively correlated with the levels of LVEF, LVSF and C1（r=-0.63, -0.52, -0.53, P〈0.05） , but not significantly correlated with the E/A level （r=-0.18, P〉0.05）.CONCLUSION： The levels of serum BNP are significantly increased in KD patients, and are negatively correlated with the levels of LVEF, LVSF, and CI. The detection of serum BNP level is of clinical significance in the diagnosis of KD.展开更多
To investigate the changes of plasma brain natriuretic peptide （BNF） levels inpatients with chronic heart failure （CHF）. Methods Plasma BNP concentrations in patients with CHF （n=56） and in normal controls （n...To investigate the changes of plasma brain natriuretic peptide （BNF） levels inpatients with chronic heart failure （CHF）. Methods Plasma BNP concentrations in patients with CHF （n=56） and in normal controls （n=60） were measured with specific radioimmunoassay. Left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with chronic heart failure was measured with 99mTc gated cardiac blood pool scintigraphy. Results The results showed that Plasma BNP concentrations in patients with CHF were significantly higher than normal controls （223±79 ng/L vs 40±15 ng/L, P 〈 0.01）. Plasma BNP concentrations had a significant negative correlation with left ventricular ejection fractions（r=-0.68, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions These results indicates that Plasma BNP levels are increased in patients with CHF, and they markedly increased according to the severity of heart failure classified by NYHA classifi- cation. The plasma BNP levels may be a biochemical parameter for evaluating the left ventricular function.展开更多
文摘The hydrolysis of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) protein in the presence of Alcalase?-Flavourzyme? and Pepsin-Pancreatin was investigated. The results showed that Alcalase?-Flavourzyme? (29.08%) sequential system catalyzed the hydrolysis most efficiently that Pepsin-Pancreatin (24.78%). In addition, the higher ACE-I inhibitory activity was achieved with the sequential system Alcalase?-Flavourzyme? (33.13%). Furthermore, the concentration of peptides employing an ultrafiltration (UF) system or their purification by gel filtration chromatography showed that the oligomeric peptides with lower molecular weight registered the highest ACE-I inhibitory activity. It has been demonstrated that Mucuna pruriens protein hydrolysates could serve as a source of peptides with ACE inhibitory activity and this activity can be attributed mainly to the mixture of short peptides in the hydrolysate.
文摘Background Heart failure （HF） is a common disease with complex pathophysiological causes. The diagnosis of HF commonly relies on comprehensive analyses of medical history and symptoms, and results from echocardiography and biochemical tests. Galectin-3, a rela-tively new biomarker in HF, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010 as a marker in the stratification of risk for HF. We assessed galectin-3 as a biomarker for HF diagnosis in patients with preserved ejection fraction （pEF） and compared its performance with that of B-type natriuretic peptide （BNP）. Methods Thirty-five pEF patients with HF （HFpEF group） and 43 pEF patients without HF （control group） were enrolled. Plasma levels of galectin-3 and BNP in HFpEF and control subjects were determined. Sensitivity, specificity, pre dictive values, and accuracy of galectin-3 and BNP as markers for HF diagnosis were calculated and compared. Results Levels of galec- tin-3 and BNP were 23.09 ±6.97 ng/mL and 270.46 ± 330.41 pg/mL in the HFpEF group, and 16.74 ± 2.75 ng/mL and 59.94 ± 29.93 pg/mL in the control group, respectively. Differences in levels of galectin-3 and BNP between the two groups were significant （P 〈 0.01）. As a bio- marker for HF diagnosis in study subjects, galectin-3 showed sensitivity and specificity of 94.3% and 65.1%, respectively, at a cutoff value of 17.8 ug/mL. BNP showed sensitivity and specificity of 77.1% and 90.7%, respectively, at a cutoff value of 100 pg/mL. Galectin-3 was a significantly more sensitive （P 〈 0.05） but less specific （P 〈 0.01） biomarker compared with BNP. Differences in positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy between galectin-3 and BNP markers were not significant （P 〉 0.05）. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve （95% confidence interval） were 0.891 （0.808-0.974） and 0.896 （0.809-0.984） for galectin-3 and BNP, respec- tively, with no significant difference between the two values （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusions The level of galectin-3 is significantly elevated in patients with HF. Galectin-3 and BNP are useful biomarkers for the diagnosis of HF in patients with pEF.
基金funded by the International Collaboration Fund(IF0119A1053)provided by the Ministry of Energy,Science,Technology,Environment and Climate Change(MESTECC),Malaysiathe Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS/1/2019/WAB01/UKM/02/1)provided by Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia。
文摘E dible bird’s nest(EBN)hydrolysates have been proven to exhibit enhanced bioactivities.However,being a macromolecule,fractions with different molecular weights would have different properties and bioactivities.Hence,this research was aimed to determine the chemical properties and antioxidant activities of freezedried(EBN_(FD))and spray-dried EBN(EBN_(SD))hydrolysates fractionated using gel permeation chromatography(GPC).Overall,two well-separated fractions were identified(EBN_(fFD1),EBN_(fFD2),EBN_(fSD1) and EBN_(fSD2)).EBNFD demonstrated significantly higher(P≤0.05)peptide(3.6%),total carbohydrate(27.7%)and sialic acid(18.2%)contents than that of EBNSD.Similar trend was observed in low molecular weight fractionates(EBN_(fFD2) and EBN_(fSD2)).Meanwhile,the first fractionates(EBN_(fFD1) and EBN_(fSD1))exhibited significantly higher(P≤0.05)hydroxyl radical(·OH)scavenging activity.Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy demonstrated that all EBN fractionates have similar spectrum,except in the region of N—H(amideⅡ)and C—H alkyl group.In conclusion,EBN fractionates with different molecular weights showed different chemical properties and antioxidant activities.
文摘The unique composition of milk makes this basic foodstuff into an exceptional raw material for the production of new ingredients with desired properties and diverse applications in the food industry. The fractionation of milk is the key in the development of those ingredients and products;hence continuous research and development on this field, especially various levels of fractionation and separation by filtration, have been carried out. This review focuses on the production of milk fractions as well as their particular properties, applications and processes that increase their exploitation. Whey proteins and caseins from the protein fraction are excellent emulsifiers and protein supplements. Besides, they can be chemically or enzymatically modified to obtain bioactive peptides with numerous functional and nutritional properties. In this context, valorization techniques of cheese-whey proteins, by-product of dairy industry that constitutes both economic and environmental problems, are being developed. Phospholipids from the milk fat fraction are powerful emulsifiers and also have exclusive nutraceutical properties. In addition, enzyme modification of milk phospholipids makes it possible to tailor emulsifiers with particular properties. However, several aspects remain to be overcome;those refer to a deeper understanding of the healthy, functional and nutritional properties of these new ingredients that might be barriers for its use and acceptability. Additionally, in this review, alternative applications of milk constituents in the non-food area such as in the manufacture of plastic materials and textile fibers are also introduced. The unmet needs, the cross-fertilization in between various protein domains,the carbon footprint requirements, the environmental necessities, the health and wellness new demand, etc., are dominant factors in the search for innovation approaches;these factors are also outlining the further innovation potential deriving from those “apparent” constrains obliging science and technology to take them into account.
文摘BACKGROUND： Kawasaki disease （KD） is a common cause of acquired heart disease in children. Recent studies have focused on the biochemical markers of the myocardium, their high sensitivity and specificity and significance in the diagnosis of KD. This study aimed to determine the serum level of brain natriuretic peptide （BNP） and its relation with the heart function of children with KD and to explore its clinical value in diagnosis of KD.METHODS： Forty-three KD children, aged from 5 months to 8 years （mean 2.3±0.6 years ）, were admitted to Qingdao Children＇s Hospital from February 2007 to April 2009. Among them 27 were male, and 16 female. The 43 patients served as a KD group. Patients with myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease and other primary heart diseases were excluded. Thirty healthy children, aged from 3 months to 15 years （mean 2.5±0.8 years） or 17 males and 13 females served as a control group. There were no significant differences in age and gender between the two groups （P〉0.05）. In the KD group, ELISAwas used to measure the levels of serum BNP in acute and convalescent stages; and in the control group, the levels of serum BNP were measured once randomly. Left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）, left ventricular shorten fraction （LVSF）, cardiac index （CI） and left ventricular inflow velocity through the mitral annulus （including E-velocity and A-velocity） were measured by two- dimensional echocardiography in the acute and convalescent stages in the KD group. All data were expressed as mean±SD. The methods of analysis included Student＇s t test and the linear regression analysis test. P〈0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS： The level of serum BNP in the acute stage （517.26±213.40） ng/ml was significantly higher than that in the convalescent stage （91.56±47.97） ng/ml in the control group （37.55±7.56） ng/ ml （P〈0.01）. The levels of LVEF, LVSF and CI in the acute stage were significantly lower than those in the convalescent stage （P〈0.05）, but the E/A level was not significantly different between the acute and convalescent stages （P〉0.05）. Linear regression analysis showed that the BNP level was negatively correlated with the levels of LVEF, LVSF and C1（r=-0.63, -0.52, -0.53, P〈0.05） , but not significantly correlated with the E/A level （r=-0.18, P〉0.05）.CONCLUSION： The levels of serum BNP are significantly increased in KD patients, and are negatively correlated with the levels of LVEF, LVSF, and CI. The detection of serum BNP level is of clinical significance in the diagnosis of KD.
文摘To investigate the changes of plasma brain natriuretic peptide （BNF） levels inpatients with chronic heart failure （CHF）. Methods Plasma BNP concentrations in patients with CHF （n=56） and in normal controls （n=60） were measured with specific radioimmunoassay. Left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with chronic heart failure was measured with 99mTc gated cardiac blood pool scintigraphy. Results The results showed that Plasma BNP concentrations in patients with CHF were significantly higher than normal controls （223±79 ng/L vs 40±15 ng/L, P 〈 0.01）. Plasma BNP concentrations had a significant negative correlation with left ventricular ejection fractions（r=-0.68, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions These results indicates that Plasma BNP levels are increased in patients with CHF, and they markedly increased according to the severity of heart failure classified by NYHA classifi- cation. The plasma BNP levels may be a biochemical parameter for evaluating the left ventricular function.
