To address the issue of premature convergence and slow convergence rate in three-dimensional (3D) route planning of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) low-altitude penetration,a novel route planning method was proposed.Fir...To address the issue of premature convergence and slow convergence rate in three-dimensional (3D) route planning of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) low-altitude penetration,a novel route planning method was proposed.First and foremost,a coevolutionary multi-agent genetic algorithm (CE-MAGA) was formed by introducing coevolutionary mechanism to multi-agent genetic algorithm (MAGA),an efficient global optimization algorithm.A dynamic route representation form was also adopted to improve the flight route accuracy.Moreover,an efficient constraint handling method was used to simplify the treatment of multi-constraint and reduce the time-cost of planning computation.Simulation and corresponding analysis show that the planning results of CE-MAGA have better performance on terrain following,terrain avoidance,threat avoidance (TF/TA2) and lower route costs than other existing algorithms.In addition,feasible flight routes can be acquired within 2 s,and the convergence rate of the whole evolutionary process is very fast.展开更多
The three-dimensional(3D)model is of great significance to analyze the performance of nonwovens.However,the existing modelling methods could not reconstruct the 3D structure of nonwovens at low cost.A new method based...The three-dimensional(3D)model is of great significance to analyze the performance of nonwovens.However,the existing modelling methods could not reconstruct the 3D structure of nonwovens at low cost.A new method based on deep learning was proposed to reconstruct 3D models of nonwovens from multi-focus images.A convolutional neural network was trained to extract clear fibers from sequence images.Image processing algorithms were used to obtain the radius,the central axis,and depth information of fibers from the extraction results.Based on this information,3D models were built in 3D space.Furthermore,self-developed algorithms optimized the central axis and depth of fibers,which made fibers more realistic and continuous.The method with lower cost could reconstruct 3D models of nonwovens conveniently.展开更多
This paper gives insight into the use of underground space in Helsinki,Finland.The city has an underground master plan(UMP) for its whole municipal area,not only for certain parts of the city.Further,the decision-maki...This paper gives insight into the use of underground space in Helsinki,Finland.The city has an underground master plan(UMP) for its whole municipal area,not only for certain parts of the city.Further,the decision-making history of the UMP is described step-by-step.Some examples of underground space use in other cities are also given.The focus of this paper is on the sustainability issues related to urban underground space use,including its contribution to an environmentally sustainable and aesthetically acceptable landscape,anticipated structural longevity and maintaining the opportunity for urban development by future generations.Underground planning enhances overall safety and economy efficiency.The need for underground space use in city areas has grown rapidly since the 21 st century;at the same time,the necessity to control construction work has also increased.The UMP of Helsinki reserves designated space for public and private utilities in various underground areas of bedrock over the long term.The plan also provides the framework for managing and controlling the city’s underground construction work and allows suitable locations to be allocated for underground facilities.Tampere,the third most populated city in Finland and the biggest inland city in the Nordic countries,is also a good example of a city that is taking steps to utilise underground resources.Oulu,the capital city of northern Finland,has also started to ‘go underground’.An example of the possibility to combine two cities by an 80-km subsea tunnel is also discussed.A new fixed link would generate huge potential for the capital areas of Finland and Estonia to become a real Helsinki-Tallinn twin city.展开更多
This paper describes the development of an intelligent automated control system of a robot manipulator for plasma treatment of medical implants with complex shapes.The two-layer coatings from the Ti wire and hydroxyap...This paper describes the development of an intelligent automated control system of a robot manipulator for plasma treatment of medical implants with complex shapes.The two-layer coatings from the Ti wire and hydroxyapatite powders are applied on the surface of Ti medical implants by microplasma spraying to increase the biocompatibility of implants.The coating process requires precise control of a number of parameters,particularly the plasma spray distance and plasma jet traverse velocity.Thus,the development of the robotic plasma surface treatment involves automated path planning.The key idea of the proposed intelligent automatic control system is the use of data of preliminary three-dimensional (3D) scanning of the processed implant by the robot manipulator.The segmentation algorithm of the point cloud from laser scanning of the surface is developed.This methodology is suitable for robotic 3D scanning systems with both non-contact laser distance sensors and video cameras,used in additive manufacturing and medicine.展开更多
Recently,low-cost desktop three-dimensional(3D)printers,employing the fused deposition modeling(FDM)technique,have gained widespread popularity.However,most users cannot test the strength of printed parts,and little i...Recently,low-cost desktop three-dimensional(3D)printers,employing the fused deposition modeling(FDM)technique,have gained widespread popularity.However,most users cannot test the strength of printed parts,and little information is available about the mechanical properties of printed high-impact polystyrene(HIPS)parts using desktop 3D printers.In this study,the user-adjustable parameters of desktop 3D printers,such as crisscross raster orientation,layer thickness,and infill density,were tested.The experimental plans were designed using the Box-Behnken method,and tensile,3-point bending,and compression tests were carried out to determine the mechanical responses of the printed HIPS.The prediction models of the process parameters were regressed to produce the optimal combination of process parameters.The experimental results showcase that the crisscross raster orientation has significant effects on the flexural and compression strengths,but not on the tensile strength.With an increase in the layer thickness,the tensile,flexural,and compression strengths first decreased and then increased,reaching their minimum values at approximately 0.16 mm layer thickness.In addition,they all increased with an increase of infill density.It was demonstrated that when the raster orientation,layer thickness,and infill density were 13.08°/–76.92°,0.09 mm,and 80%,respectively,the comprehensive mechanical properties of the printed HIPS were optimal.Our results can help end-users of desktop 3D printers understand the effects of process parameters on the mechanical properties,and offer practical suggestions for setting proper printing parameters for fabricating HIPS parts.展开更多
Urban particulate matter 2.5(PM2.5)pollution and public health are closely related,and concerns regarding PM2.5 are widespread.Of the underlying factors,the urban morphology is the most manageable.Therefore,investigat...Urban particulate matter 2.5(PM2.5)pollution and public health are closely related,and concerns regarding PM2.5 are widespread.Of the underlying factors,the urban morphology is the most manageable.Therefore,investigations of the impact of urban three-dimensional(3D)morphology on PM2.5 concentration have important scientific significance.In this paper,39 PM2.5 monitoring sites of Beijing in China were selected with PM2.5 automatic monitoring data that were collected in 2013.This data set was used to analyze the impacts of the meteorological condition and public transportation on PM2.5 concentrations.Based on the elimination of the meteorological conditions and public transportation factors,the relationships between urban 3D morphology and PM2.5 concentrations are highlighted.Ten urban 3D morphology indices were established to explore the spatial-temporal correlations between the indices and PM2.5 concentrations and analyze the impact of urban 3D morphology on the PM2.5 concentrations.Results demonstrated that road length density(RLD),road area density(RAD),construction area density(CAD),construction height density(CHD),construction volume density(CVD),construction otherness(CO),and vegetation area density(VAD)have positive impacts on the PM2.5 concentrations,whereas water area density(WAD),water fragmentation(WF),and vegetation fragmentation(VF)(except for the 500 m buffer)have negative impacts on the PM2.5 concentrations.Moreover,the correlations between the morphology indices and PM2.5 concentrations varied with the buffer scale.The findings could lay a foundation for the high-precision spatial-temporal modelling of PM2.5 concentrations and the scientific planning of urban 3D spaces by authorities responsible for controlling PM2.5 concentrations.展开更多
The soft robotics display huge advantages over their rigid counterparts when interacting with living organisms and fragile objects.As one of the most efficient actuators toward soft robotics,the soft pneumatic actuato...The soft robotics display huge advantages over their rigid counterparts when interacting with living organisms and fragile objects.As one of the most efficient actuators toward soft robotics,the soft pneumatic actuator(SPA)can produce large,complex responses with utilizing pressure as the only input source.In this work,a new approach that combines digital light processing(DLP)and injection-assisted post-curing is proposed to create SPAs that can realize different functionalities.To enable this,we develop a new class of photo-cross linked elastomers with tunable mechanical properties,good stretchability,and rapid curing speed.By carefully designing the geometry of the cavities embedded in the actuators,the resulting actuators can realize contracting,expanding,flapping,and twisting motions.In addition,we successfully fabricate a soft self-sensing bending actuator by injecting conductive liquids into the three-dimensional(3D)printed actuator,demonstrating that the present method has the potential to be used to manufacture intelligent soft robotic systems.展开更多
As a general format of the image,bitmap(BMP)image has wide applications,and consequently it is an important part of image processing.By segmenting the bitmap and combining the three-dimesional(3D)model of the discrete...As a general format of the image,bitmap(BMP)image has wide applications,and consequently it is an important part of image processing.By segmenting the bitmap and combining the three-dimesional(3D)model of the discrete algorithm with the scanning line compensation algorithm,a mathematical model is built.According to the topological relations between several control points on the model surface,the surface of the model is discretized,and a planar triangle sequence is used to describe 3D objects.Finally,the bitmap is enlarged by combining the borrowing compensation based on 3D modeling principle of discrete algorithm with the scanning line compensation algorithm of binary lattice image,thus getting a relatively clear enlarged BMP image.展开更多
The actual manufacture of supercapacitors(SCs)is restricted by the inadequate energy density,and the energy density of devices can be properly promoted by assembling zinc-ion capacitors(ZICs)which used capacitive cath...The actual manufacture of supercapacitors(SCs)is restricted by the inadequate energy density,and the energy density of devices can be properly promoted by assembling zinc-ion capacitors(ZICs)which used capacitive cathode and battery-type anode.Two-dimensional(2D)MXene has brought great focuses in the electrode research on the foundation of large redox-active surface,but the specific capacitance is still affected by the tight stacking of interlaminations.Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@polyaniline(PANI)heterostructures are prepared by uniformly depositing the conductive polymer PANI nanorods as the intercalation agent into the external of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)nanosheets to inhibit stacking.Subsequently,by using graphene oxide(GO)-assisted low-temperature hydrothermal self-assembly manufacture,2D heterostructures are assembled into the three-dimensional(3D)porous crosslinked Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@PANI-reduced graphene oxide(RGO)hydrogels.Attributed to the synergistic work of PANI nanorods,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X)nanosheets,and 3D crosslinking frameworks of RGO to match capacitive and battery effects,3D porous hierarchical Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@PANI-RGO heterostructure hydrogels have rich ion transport channels,a large number of active sites,and excellent reaction kinetics.ZIC is assembled by using Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@PANI-RGO heterostructure hydrogels as cathodes and zinc foil as anodes.In this work,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@PANI-RGO//Zn ZIC exhibits a wide working window(2.0 V),marked specific capacitance(589.89 F·g^(−1)at 0.5 A·g−1),salient energy density(327.71 Wh·kg^(−1)at 513.61 W·kg^(−1)and 192.20 Wh·kg^(−1)at 13,005.87 W·kg^(−1)),and durable cycling stability(97.87%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 10 A·g^(−1)).This study emphasizes the device design of ZICs and the broad prospect of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-based hydrogels as viable cathodes for ZICs.展开更多
Objective:To study the correlation between tumor size,radiation source intensity,prescription dose,and source dwell time in afterloading treatment plan,and to establish a rapid quality control method for afterloading ...Objective:To study the correlation between tumor size,radiation source intensity,prescription dose,and source dwell time in afterloading treatment plan,and to establish a rapid quality control method for afterloading treatment plan.Methods:A total of 181 patients with gynecological tumor were enrolled in our hospital.A total of 84 patients were installed with three tubes of Fletcher'applicator,58 patients with single uterine tube and 39 patients with vaginal applicator.Each patient was scanned with CT before treatment,and the target area and organs were delineated by doctors.The treatment plan was optimized by IPSA.The planned source intensity,prescription dose,source residence time and tumor volume of each case were recorded and the CI,RV,and k value were calculated,The CI distribution characteristics and the relationship with RV value were analyzed.In addition,46 cases of gynecological tumor patients'afterloading plan used this method for quality control verification.Results:The CI of the three kinds of applicators was normal distribution.The average Ci of Fletcher applicator was 0.720±0.067,k=1394,r=0.894,the average CI of Fletcher applicator was 0.697±0.076,k=1428,r=0.940,the average CI of vaginal applicator was 0.742±0.067,k=1362,r=0.909.Conclusion:Using this method,we could quickly evaluate the target volume,radiation source intensity,prescription dose and treatment time,to determine the cause of deviation according to the feedback results,ensuring that the afterloading treatment plan can be implemented efficiently quickly,and accurately in accordance with the clinical requirements.展开更多
Photocathode with superior catalytic activity,long-term stability,and fast mass/electron transfer is highly desirable but challenging for dye-sensitized solar cell(DSC).Herein,the ZIF-67 grown on carbon cloth is succe...Photocathode with superior catalytic activity,long-term stability,and fast mass/electron transfer is highly desirable but challenging for dye-sensitized solar cell(DSC).Herein,the ZIF-67 grown on carbon cloth is successfully transformed into CoSe2 embedded in N-doped carb on nano cage(CoSe2/N-C)via a growth-carbonization-selenization process.The carb on cloth supported CoSe2/N-C,as photocathode of DSC,demonstrates a good long-term stability and high photovoltaic efficiency(8.40%),outperforming Pt.The good efficiency can be attributed to the high catalytic activity of CoSe2,fast mass tran sfer of porous three-dimensi on al(3D)structure,and good electr on transport derived from the intimate con tact between CoSe2 and highly conductive carb on cloth.The high stability would be ascribed to N-doped carbon coating that perfectly prevents CoSe2 from decomposition.This work will pave the way to develop highly efficient and stable Pt-free photocathode for DSC.展开更多
This article reviews advanced process and electron device technology of integrated circuits,including recent featuring progress and potential solutions for future development.In 5 years,for pushing the performance of ...This article reviews advanced process and electron device technology of integrated circuits,including recent featuring progress and potential solutions for future development.In 5 years,for pushing the performance of fin field-effect transistors(FinFET)to its limitations,several processes and device boosters are provided.Then,the three-dimensional(3 D)integration schemes with alternative materials and device architectures will pave paths for future technology evolution.Finally,it could be concluded that Moore’s law will undoubtedly continue in the next 15 years.展开更多
Additive manufacturing(AM),which is also known as three-dimensional(3D)printing,uses computer-aided design to build objects layer by layer.Here,we focus on the recent progress in the development of techniques for 3D p...Additive manufacturing(AM),which is also known as three-dimensional(3D)printing,uses computer-aided design to build objects layer by layer.Here,we focus on the recent progress in the development of techniques for 3D printing of glass,an important optoelectronic material,including fused deposition modeling,selective laser sintering/melting,stereolithography(SLA)and direct ink writing.We compare these 3D printing methods and analyze their benefits and problems for the manufacturing of functional glass objects.In addition,we discuss the technological principles of 3D glass printing and applications of 3D printed glass objects.This review is finalized by a summary of the current achievements and perspectives for the future development of the 3D glass printing technique.展开更多
基金Project(60925011) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of ChinaProject(9140A06040510BQXXXX) supported by Advanced Research Foundation of General Armament Department,China
文摘To address the issue of premature convergence and slow convergence rate in three-dimensional (3D) route planning of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) low-altitude penetration,a novel route planning method was proposed.First and foremost,a coevolutionary multi-agent genetic algorithm (CE-MAGA) was formed by introducing coevolutionary mechanism to multi-agent genetic algorithm (MAGA),an efficient global optimization algorithm.A dynamic route representation form was also adopted to improve the flight route accuracy.Moreover,an efficient constraint handling method was used to simplify the treatment of multi-constraint and reduce the time-cost of planning computation.Simulation and corresponding analysis show that the planning results of CE-MAGA have better performance on terrain following,terrain avoidance,threat avoidance (TF/TA2) and lower route costs than other existing algorithms.In addition,feasible flight routes can be acquired within 2 s,and the convergence rate of the whole evolutionary process is very fast.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61771123)。
文摘The three-dimensional(3D)model is of great significance to analyze the performance of nonwovens.However,the existing modelling methods could not reconstruct the 3D structure of nonwovens at low cost.A new method based on deep learning was proposed to reconstruct 3D models of nonwovens from multi-focus images.A convolutional neural network was trained to extract clear fibers from sequence images.Image processing algorithms were used to obtain the radius,the central axis,and depth information of fibers from the extraction results.Based on this information,3D models were built in 3D space.Furthermore,self-developed algorithms optimized the central axis and depth of fibers,which made fibers more realistic and continuous.The method with lower cost could reconstruct 3D models of nonwovens conveniently.
文摘This paper gives insight into the use of underground space in Helsinki,Finland.The city has an underground master plan(UMP) for its whole municipal area,not only for certain parts of the city.Further,the decision-making history of the UMP is described step-by-step.Some examples of underground space use in other cities are also given.The focus of this paper is on the sustainability issues related to urban underground space use,including its contribution to an environmentally sustainable and aesthetically acceptable landscape,anticipated structural longevity and maintaining the opportunity for urban development by future generations.Underground planning enhances overall safety and economy efficiency.The need for underground space use in city areas has grown rapidly since the 21 st century;at the same time,the necessity to control construction work has also increased.The UMP of Helsinki reserves designated space for public and private utilities in various underground areas of bedrock over the long term.The plan also provides the framework for managing and controlling the city’s underground construction work and allows suitable locations to be allocated for underground facilities.Tampere,the third most populated city in Finland and the biggest inland city in the Nordic countries,is also a good example of a city that is taking steps to utilise underground resources.Oulu,the capital city of northern Finland,has also started to ‘go underground’.An example of the possibility to combine two cities by an 80-km subsea tunnel is also discussed.A new fixed link would generate huge potential for the capital areas of Finland and Estonia to become a real Helsinki-Tallinn twin city.
基金supported by the Science Committee of RK MES under the Grant No. AP05130525。
文摘This paper describes the development of an intelligent automated control system of a robot manipulator for plasma treatment of medical implants with complex shapes.The two-layer coatings from the Ti wire and hydroxyapatite powders are applied on the surface of Ti medical implants by microplasma spraying to increase the biocompatibility of implants.The coating process requires precise control of a number of parameters,particularly the plasma spray distance and plasma jet traverse velocity.Thus,the development of the robotic plasma surface treatment involves automated path planning.The key idea of the proposed intelligent automatic control system is the use of data of preliminary three-dimensional (3D) scanning of the processed implant by the robot manipulator.The segmentation algorithm of the point cloud from laser scanning of the surface is developed.This methodology is suitable for robotic 3D scanning systems with both non-contact laser distance sensors and video cameras,used in additive manufacturing and medicine.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51975097)the National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2020YFA0713702).
文摘Recently,low-cost desktop three-dimensional(3D)printers,employing the fused deposition modeling(FDM)technique,have gained widespread popularity.However,most users cannot test the strength of printed parts,and little information is available about the mechanical properties of printed high-impact polystyrene(HIPS)parts using desktop 3D printers.In this study,the user-adjustable parameters of desktop 3D printers,such as crisscross raster orientation,layer thickness,and infill density,were tested.The experimental plans were designed using the Box-Behnken method,and tensile,3-point bending,and compression tests were carried out to determine the mechanical responses of the printed HIPS.The prediction models of the process parameters were regressed to produce the optimal combination of process parameters.The experimental results showcase that the crisscross raster orientation has significant effects on the flexural and compression strengths,but not on the tensile strength.With an increase in the layer thickness,the tensile,flexural,and compression strengths first decreased and then increased,reaching their minimum values at approximately 0.16 mm layer thickness.In addition,they all increased with an increase of infill density.It was demonstrated that when the raster orientation,layer thickness,and infill density were 13.08°/–76.92°,0.09 mm,and 80%,respectively,the comprehensive mechanical properties of the printed HIPS were optimal.Our results can help end-users of desktop 3D printers understand the effects of process parameters on the mechanical properties,and offer practical suggestions for setting proper printing parameters for fabricating HIPS parts.
基金Under the auspices of National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0502504)Beijing Excellent Youth Talent Program(No.2015400018760G294)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41201443,41001267).
文摘Urban particulate matter 2.5(PM2.5)pollution and public health are closely related,and concerns regarding PM2.5 are widespread.Of the underlying factors,the urban morphology is the most manageable.Therefore,investigations of the impact of urban three-dimensional(3D)morphology on PM2.5 concentration have important scientific significance.In this paper,39 PM2.5 monitoring sites of Beijing in China were selected with PM2.5 automatic monitoring data that were collected in 2013.This data set was used to analyze the impacts of the meteorological condition and public transportation on PM2.5 concentrations.Based on the elimination of the meteorological conditions and public transportation factors,the relationships between urban 3D morphology and PM2.5 concentrations are highlighted.Ten urban 3D morphology indices were established to explore the spatial-temporal correlations between the indices and PM2.5 concentrations and analyze the impact of urban 3D morphology on the PM2.5 concentrations.Results demonstrated that road length density(RLD),road area density(RAD),construction area density(CAD),construction height density(CHD),construction volume density(CVD),construction otherness(CO),and vegetation area density(VAD)have positive impacts on the PM2.5 concentrations,whereas water area density(WAD),water fragmentation(WF),and vegetation fragmentation(VF)(except for the 500 m buffer)have negative impacts on the PM2.5 concentrations.Moreover,the correlations between the morphology indices and PM2.5 concentrations varied with the buffer scale.The findings could lay a foundation for the high-precision spatial-temporal modelling of PM2.5 concentrations and the scientific planning of urban 3D spaces by authorities responsible for controlling PM2.5 concentrations.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11572002 and 12002032)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.BX20200056 and 2020M670149)。
文摘The soft robotics display huge advantages over their rigid counterparts when interacting with living organisms and fragile objects.As one of the most efficient actuators toward soft robotics,the soft pneumatic actuator(SPA)can produce large,complex responses with utilizing pressure as the only input source.In this work,a new approach that combines digital light processing(DLP)and injection-assisted post-curing is proposed to create SPAs that can realize different functionalities.To enable this,we develop a new class of photo-cross linked elastomers with tunable mechanical properties,good stretchability,and rapid curing speed.By carefully designing the geometry of the cavities embedded in the actuators,the resulting actuators can realize contracting,expanding,flapping,and twisting motions.In addition,we successfully fabricate a soft self-sensing bending actuator by injecting conductive liquids into the three-dimensional(3D)printed actuator,demonstrating that the present method has the potential to be used to manufacture intelligent soft robotic systems.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61162016,61562057)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.18JR3RA124)+1 种基金Science and Technology Program Project of Gansu Province(Nos.18JR3RA104,1504FKCA038)Science and Technology Project of Gansu Education Department(No.2017D-08)
文摘As a general format of the image,bitmap(BMP)image has wide applications,and consequently it is an important part of image processing.By segmenting the bitmap and combining the three-dimesional(3D)model of the discrete algorithm with the scanning line compensation algorithm,a mathematical model is built.According to the topological relations between several control points on the model surface,the surface of the model is discretized,and a planar triangle sequence is used to describe 3D objects.Finally,the bitmap is enlarged by combining the borrowing compensation based on 3D modeling principle of discrete algorithm with the scanning line compensation algorithm of binary lattice image,thus getting a relatively clear enlarged BMP image.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2105900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52073022).
文摘The actual manufacture of supercapacitors(SCs)is restricted by the inadequate energy density,and the energy density of devices can be properly promoted by assembling zinc-ion capacitors(ZICs)which used capacitive cathode and battery-type anode.Two-dimensional(2D)MXene has brought great focuses in the electrode research on the foundation of large redox-active surface,but the specific capacitance is still affected by the tight stacking of interlaminations.Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@polyaniline(PANI)heterostructures are prepared by uniformly depositing the conductive polymer PANI nanorods as the intercalation agent into the external of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)nanosheets to inhibit stacking.Subsequently,by using graphene oxide(GO)-assisted low-temperature hydrothermal self-assembly manufacture,2D heterostructures are assembled into the three-dimensional(3D)porous crosslinked Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@PANI-reduced graphene oxide(RGO)hydrogels.Attributed to the synergistic work of PANI nanorods,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(X)nanosheets,and 3D crosslinking frameworks of RGO to match capacitive and battery effects,3D porous hierarchical Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@PANI-RGO heterostructure hydrogels have rich ion transport channels,a large number of active sites,and excellent reaction kinetics.ZIC is assembled by using Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@PANI-RGO heterostructure hydrogels as cathodes and zinc foil as anodes.In this work,Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)@PANI-RGO//Zn ZIC exhibits a wide working window(2.0 V),marked specific capacitance(589.89 F·g^(−1)at 0.5 A·g−1),salient energy density(327.71 Wh·kg^(−1)at 513.61 W·kg^(−1)and 192.20 Wh·kg^(−1)at 13,005.87 W·kg^(−1)),and durable cycling stability(97.87%capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 10 A·g^(−1)).This study emphasizes the device design of ZICs and the broad prospect of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-based hydrogels as viable cathodes for ZICs.
文摘Objective:To study the correlation between tumor size,radiation source intensity,prescription dose,and source dwell time in afterloading treatment plan,and to establish a rapid quality control method for afterloading treatment plan.Methods:A total of 181 patients with gynecological tumor were enrolled in our hospital.A total of 84 patients were installed with three tubes of Fletcher'applicator,58 patients with single uterine tube and 39 patients with vaginal applicator.Each patient was scanned with CT before treatment,and the target area and organs were delineated by doctors.The treatment plan was optimized by IPSA.The planned source intensity,prescription dose,source residence time and tumor volume of each case were recorded and the CI,RV,and k value were calculated,The CI distribution characteristics and the relationship with RV value were analyzed.In addition,46 cases of gynecological tumor patients'afterloading plan used this method for quality control verification.Results:The CI of the three kinds of applicators was normal distribution.The average Ci of Fletcher applicator was 0.720±0.067,k=1394,r=0.894,the average CI of Fletcher applicator was 0.697±0.076,k=1428,r=0.940,the average CI of vaginal applicator was 0.742±0.067,k=1362,r=0.909.Conclusion:Using this method,we could quickly evaluate the target volume,radiation source intensity,prescription dose and treatment time,to determine the cause of deviation according to the feedback results,ensuring that the afterloading treatment plan can be implemented efficiently quickly,and accurately in accordance with the clinical requirements.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21725501,21771019,21475007 and 21675009)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.buctrc201706,buctrc201815 and buctrc201812).
文摘Photocathode with superior catalytic activity,long-term stability,and fast mass/electron transfer is highly desirable but challenging for dye-sensitized solar cell(DSC).Herein,the ZIF-67 grown on carbon cloth is successfully transformed into CoSe2 embedded in N-doped carb on nano cage(CoSe2/N-C)via a growth-carbonization-selenization process.The carb on cloth supported CoSe2/N-C,as photocathode of DSC,demonstrates a good long-term stability and high photovoltaic efficiency(8.40%),outperforming Pt.The good efficiency can be attributed to the high catalytic activity of CoSe2,fast mass tran sfer of porous three-dimensi on al(3D)structure,and good electr on transport derived from the intimate con tact between CoSe2 and highly conductive carb on cloth.The high stability would be ascribed to N-doped carbon coating that perfectly prevents CoSe2 from decomposition.This work will pave the way to develop highly efficient and stable Pt-free photocathode for DSC.
基金the support from the members of Integrated Circuit Advanced Process R&D Center,Institute of Microelectronics,Chinese Academy of Sciencessupported in part by the National Key Project of Science and Technology of China(No.2017ZX02315001-002)。
文摘This article reviews advanced process and electron device technology of integrated circuits,including recent featuring progress and potential solutions for future development.In 5 years,for pushing the performance of fin field-effect transistors(FinFET)to its limitations,several processes and device boosters are provided.Then,the three-dimensional(3 D)integration schemes with alternative materials and device architectures will pave paths for future technology evolution.Finally,it could be concluded that Moore’s law will undoubtedly continue in the next 15 years.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB1107200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51772270)+1 种基金the Open Project Program of Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics(No.2018-WNLOKF005)State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics,Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM),which is also known as three-dimensional(3D)printing,uses computer-aided design to build objects layer by layer.Here,we focus on the recent progress in the development of techniques for 3D printing of glass,an important optoelectronic material,including fused deposition modeling,selective laser sintering/melting,stereolithography(SLA)and direct ink writing.We compare these 3D printing methods and analyze their benefits and problems for the manufacturing of functional glass objects.In addition,we discuss the technological principles of 3D glass printing and applications of 3D printed glass objects.This review is finalized by a summary of the current achievements and perspectives for the future development of the 3D glass printing technique.
