Endophytes,as crucial components of plant microbial communities,significantly contribute to enhancing the absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus by their hosts,promote plant growth,and degrade pathoge...Endophytes,as crucial components of plant microbial communities,significantly contribute to enhancing the absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus by their hosts,promote plant growth,and degrade pathogenic fungal mycelia.In this study,an experiment was conducted in August 2022 to explore the growth-promoting potential of endophytic bacterial strains isolated from two medical plant species,Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta,using a series of screening media.Plant samples of Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta were collected from Zhaosu County and Habahe County in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,in July 2021.Additionally,the inhibitory effects of endophytic bacterial strains on the four pathogenic fungi(Fusarium oxysporum,Fulvia fulva,Alternaria solani,and Valsa mali)were determined through the plate confrontation method.A total of 80 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from Thymus altaicus,while a total of 60 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from Salvia deserta.The endophytic bacterial strains from both Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta exhibited plant growth-promoting properties.Specifically,the strains of Bacillus sp.TR002,Bacillus sp.TR005,Microbacterium sp.TSB5,and Rhodococcus sp.TR013 demonstrated strong cellulase-producing activity,siderophore-producing activity,phosphate solubilization activity,and nitrogen-fixing activity,respectively.Out of 140 endophytic bacterial strains isolated from Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta,104 strains displayed anti-fungal activity against Fulvia fulva,Alternaria solani,Fusarium oxysporum,and Valsa mali.Furthermore,the strains of Bacillus sp.TR005,Bacillus sp.TS003,and Bacillus sp.TSB7 exhibited robust inhibition rates against all the four pathogenic fungi.In conclusion,the endophytic bacterial strains from Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta possess both plant growth-promoting and anti-fungal properties,making them promising candidates for future development as growth-promoting agents and biocontrol tools for plant diseases.展开更多
Intrathyroidal ectopic thymus(IET)is defined as an ectopic thymus tissue that is generally found incidentally and rarely in the thyroid gland in the pediatric group.It occurs as a result of disruption of the embryolog...Intrathyroidal ectopic thymus(IET)is defined as an ectopic thymus tissue that is generally found incidentally and rarely in the thyroid gland in the pediatric group.It occurs as a result of disruption of the embryological migration path and the settling of the thymus tissue into the thyroid gland.In the differential diagnosis,it is mostly confused with thyroid nodules.Although thyroid nodules are less common in children than adults,the rate of malignancy is much higher.Therefore,knowing the general ultrasound findings of IET better may prevent unnecessary invasive attempts and surgical procedures.In this article,we tried to compile the key imaging findings of IET.展开更多
Objective:This study was performed to investigate the protective effect of Thymus vulgaris(T.vulgaris) leaves 70%alcoholic extract against alcohol-mediate hepatotoxicity rats.Methods:The protective effect of extract w...Objective:This study was performed to investigate the protective effect of Thymus vulgaris(T.vulgaris) leaves 70%alcoholic extract against alcohol-mediate hepatotoxicity rats.Methods:The protective effect of extract was investigated at dose of 500 mg/kg/day orally against alcohol-mediate hepatotoxicity using adult male Wister albino rats during 21 days.Protective effect of T.vulgaris extract was evaluated comparing with silymarin standard drug al recommended dose(25 mg/kg/day) orally for 21 days.Results:Alcohol-mediate hepatotoxicity rats(alcohol-control) showed hepatocytes distortion represented as marked increment on liver biomarkers;alkaline phosphatase(ALP),aspartate transaminase(AST) and alanine transaminase(ALT) activities,as well as pronounced reduction on total protein and its fractions albumin and globulin corresponding to normal ranges.Addition to oxidative stress status as depletion on glutathione concentration,catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione reductase(GR),glutathione-S-transferase(GST) and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)activities,concurrence with augmentation oxidative stress parameters;malondyaldchydc(MDA) and hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) concentrations comparing to normal values.Alcohol administration elevated total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) comparing to normal ranges.Co-administration T.vulgaris extract with alcohol showed protective effect on hepatocytes manifested as minimizing on ALP.AST and ALT activities and increment on total protein,albumin and globulin production compared to alcohol-control.Antioxidant enzymes activities;CAT.SOD.GR,GST and GPx were significantly magnified,while MDA and H_2O_2 concentration were lessened corresponding to alcohol-control.Also,lipid profile was markedly improved and risk ratio was lowered compared to alcohol-control.These results were confirmed by normalization of degenerated and fibrotic liver tissue as of alcohol-control.Conclusion:T.vulgaris extract appeared hepatoprotective,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities on alcohol-mediate hepatotoxicity rats compared to silymarin.展开更多
Objective:To isolate and analyze the chemical composition in different crude extracts of from the leaves of locally grown of Thymus vulgaris L(T.vulgaris)by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Methods:The shad...Objective:To isolate and analyze the chemical composition in different crude extracts of from the leaves of locally grown of Thymus vulgaris L(T.vulgaris)by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Methods:The shade dried leaves powder was extracted with methanol by using Soxhlet extractor.Methanol crude extracts of T.vulgaris and the derived fractions of hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate and butanol were obtained.Results:Qualitative analyses of various organic crude extracts of T.vulgaris by using GC-MS showed that there were different types of high and low molecular weight compounds.Most of the isolated and identified compounds by GC-MS in the crude extracts are basically biologically important.Further,the T.vulgaris leaf possessed certain characteristics that can be ascribed to cultivation on a domestic plantation.The crude extracts were prepared from the powder leaves of T.vulgaris for respective compounds can be chosen on the basis of above GC-MS analysis.Conclusions:All the major compounds were identified and characterized by spectroscopic method in different organic crude extracts of T.vulgaris are biologically active molecules.Thus the identification of a good number of compounds in various crude extracts of T.vulgaris might have some ecological role.展开更多
Thymus daenensis, a perennial herb, is often grown in areas that experience drought conditions during its growing period. Application of chitosan may compensate for the negative impact of drought stress on the yield o...Thymus daenensis, a perennial herb, is often grown in areas that experience drought conditions during its growing period. Application of chitosan may compensate for the negative impact of drought stress on the yield of oil and secondary metabolites in Thymus.The interactive effects of foliar application of chitosan and drought stress on dry matter,essential oil yield, and selected physiological characteristics including photosynthetic pigments, osmotic adjustment, and lipid peroxidation of Thymus were investigated in a two-year study from 2014 to 2015. Treatments consisted of 0, 200, and 400(iL L'1 chitosan applied to plants grown under field capacity, mild drought stress(50% field capacity), and severe drought stress(25% field capacity). Dry matter yield decreased substantially as drought stress intensified. However, essential oil content increased under stress conditions,with the highest essential oil yield obtained from plants under mild drought stress. Foliar application of chitosan compensated to some extent for dry matter and oil yield reduction of plants grown under drought stress. The highest essential oil yield(1.52 g plant-1) was obtained by application of 400 \iL L_1 chitosan under the mild stress condition in 2015 when plants were mature. The compensatory effect of chitosan in reducing the negative impact of stress conditions on dry matter and oil yield was due mainly to stimulation of osmotic adjustment through proline accumulation and reduction of lipid peroxidase level, which increased the integrity of cell membranes of thyme leaves.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the susceptibility of Mycobacterium aurum and Mycobacterium smegmatis in vitro to the essential oils obtained from two medicinal plants: Thymus satureioides(T. satureioides) and Mentha pulegium(...Objective: To evaluate the susceptibility of Mycobacterium aurum and Mycobacterium smegmatis in vitro to the essential oils obtained from two medicinal plants: Thymus satureioides(T. satureioides) and Mentha pulegium(M. pulegium), and to study their chemical composition.Methods: The aerial parts of T. satureioides and M. pulegium(leaves and stems) were hydro-distillated using a Clevenger-type apparatus and essential oils were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antimycobacterial screening of essential oils was performed on the basis of the inhibition zone diameter by disc diffusion method against two mycobacterial strains whereas the minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration were determined by using the micro-dilution method.Results: Chemical analysis of their aerial part's essential oils gave as major compounds,borneol(34.26%), carvacrol(31.21%) and thymol(3.71%) for T. satureioides and R(+)-pulegone(75.48%), carvone(6.66%) and dihydrocarvone(4.64%) for M. pulegium.Thereafter their antimycobacterial effect evaluation, using the micro-dilution method,indicated that minimal inhibitory concentration values of T. satureioides essential oil ranged from 0.062% to 0.015%(v/v) and from 0.125% to 0.031%(v/v) for M. pulegium respectively against Mycobacterium aurum and Mycobacterium smegmatis.Conclusions: It is clearly evident from the results obtained that the Moroccan medicinal plants have great potential to be used as anti-tuberculosis agents. These findings may help scientists to undertake several research projects to discover useful natural product as new anti-tuberculosis drug.展开更多
Objective:To prepare various crude extracts using different polarities of solvent and to quantitatively evaluate their total phenol,flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening of Thymus vulgaris collected from Al ...Objective:To prepare various crude extracts using different polarities of solvent and to quantitatively evaluate their total phenol,flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening of Thymus vulgaris collected from Al Jabal Al Akhdar,Nizwa.Sultanate of Oman.Methods:The leave sample was extracted with methanol and evaporated.Then it was defatted with water and extracted with different polarities organic solvents with increasing polarities.The prepare hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,hutanol and methanol crude extracts were used for their evaluation of total phenol,flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening study.The established conventional metliods were used for quantitative determination of total phenol,flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening.Results:Phytochemical screening for various crude extracts were tested and shown positive result for flavonoids,saponins and steroids compounds.The result for total phenol content was the highest in hutanol and the lowest in methanol crude extract whereas the total flavonoids contents was the highest in methanol and the lowest hexane crude extract.Conclusions:The crude extracts from locally grown Thymus vulgaris showed high concentration of flavonoids and it could be used as antibiotics for different curable and uncurable diseases.展开更多
The binding of Co (phen)2dppz3+ to calf thymus DNA,as investigated using absorption spectroscopy. viscosity and electrophoresis measurements,here dppz is dipyrido[3, 2-a: 2’3’-c]phenazine. The compound shows absorpt...The binding of Co (phen)2dppz3+ to calf thymus DNA,as investigated using absorption spectroscopy. viscosity and electrophoresis measurements,here dppz is dipyrido[3, 2-a: 2’3’-c]phenazine. The compound shows absorption hypochromicity and the specific viscosity increased upon binding to calf thymus DNA The complex is also shown to be more efficient photosensitisers for single strand breaks in plasmid展开更多
Objective To establish and improve the model of heart-thymus composite transplantation. Methods Vascularized both lobes of the thymus is transplanted heterotopically with the heart as a composite graft in rats.This te...Objective To establish and improve the model of heart-thymus composite transplantation. Methods Vascularized both lobes of the thymus is transplanted heterotopically with the heart as a composite graft in rats.This technique was developed and assessed, and viability of the grafts was evaluated histologically. Results Donor operation costed 38. 5 ± 3. 52 min, vascular anastomosis costed 25.0 ± 3. 28 min, operating successful rate was 90%, acute rejection was observed in SD-Wistar group, viable thymus with normal microarchitecture was maintained in Wistar-Wistar group. Conclusions The improved novel technique for combined heart-thymus transplantation is a valuable method for study of the role of thymus in transplantation immunity.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the effect of Thymus vulgaris(T. vulgaris) on learning and memory functions in scopolamine-induced memory deficit in rats. Memory enhancing activity in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats was in...Objective: To investigate the effect of Thymus vulgaris(T. vulgaris) on learning and memory functions in scopolamine-induced memory deficit in rats. Memory enhancing activity in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats was investigated by assessing the Morris water maze and passive avoidance paradigm.Methods: A total of 42 male Wistar rats were divided into 6 equal groups as follow:control group: received water, scopolamine treated group: received scopolamine 1 mg/kg for 15 days, two scopolamine + T. vulgaris treated groups: received scopolamine and T. vulgaris extract 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight per day for 15 days, two intact groups:received T. vulgaris extract 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight per day for 15 days.Results: Administration of T. vulgaris extract significantly restored memory and learning impairments induced by scopolamine in the passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test.Conclusions: T. vulgaris extract has repairing effects on memory and behavioral disorders produced by scopolamine and may have beneficial effects in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
Herbal medicine from natural resources plays an important role as antibacterial and antioxidant agents. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of thyme (Thymus ...Herbal medicine from natural resources plays an important role as antibacterial and antioxidant agents. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil (TEO) and/or chitosan (CH) in vitro. Results indicated that TEO exhibited high radical scavenging activity (RSA) toward DPPH, ABTS, linoleic acid deterioration and iron chelation activity. TEO exhibited high amount of total phenolic compounds (TPC) related to its terpenes. The TPC of TEO was 177.3 mg GAE g-1 demonstrated 149.8 μmol of TE g-1 DPPH-RSA and 192.4 μmol of TE g-1 ABTS-RSA. The antioxidant capacity of TEO exhibited 68.9% reduction when evaluated by β-carotene bleaching assay. The reducing power activity related to iron chelation was 142.8 μmol of AAE g-1. The TEO exhibited a high content of Thymol (41.04%) as major compound over 14 identified components by GC-MS analysis followed by 1,8-Cineole (14.26%), γ-Terpinene (12.06%), p-Cymene (10.50%) and α-Terpinene (9.22%). TEO exhibited antimicrobial activity in vitro and MIC noticed that TEO was efficiently affected pathogens in vitro. Indeed, CH exhibited negligible or very low antimicrobial activity. In conclusion, both investigated TEO and TEO-CHmix have strong antibacterial activity against many pathogenic bacteria and need exploitation as an alternative source of natural antibacterial and antioxidant agents for potential applications.展开更多
Objective: To focus on the analysis of chemical constituents of the Thymus vulgaris L.(locally known as "Zaitra" or "Za'atar"; Family: Lamiaceae) which is available in the market of Saudi Arabi...Objective: To focus on the analysis of chemical constituents of the Thymus vulgaris L.(locally known as "Zaitra" or "Za'atar"; Family: Lamiaceae) which is available in the market of Saudi Arabia.Methods: The Zaitra oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mass spectra were compared with the standard spectra available in National Institute Standard and Technique library.Results: The results indicated that the Thymus oil is composed of many chemical compounds including a pinene, thymol and caryophyllene which are biologically active and also used in various diseases.Conclusions: It can be concluded that the Thymus vulgaris due to presence of many bioactive compounds can be used as a new potential source of medicine for the treatment of various types of illness.展开更多
The essential oil composition of Thymus vulgaris L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. endemic to France were determined by GC and GC-MS. Oils were assessed for their cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. 31 a...The essential oil composition of Thymus vulgaris L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. endemic to France were determined by GC and GC-MS. Oils were assessed for their cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. 31 and 37 different compounds were identified representing 99.64% and 99.38% of the thyme and rosemary oils respectively, where oxygenated monoterpenes constituted the main chemical class. Thymol (41.33%) and 1.8-cineole (24.10%) were identified as the main constituents of T. vulgaris L. and R. officinalis L., respectively. Essential oils (EOs) of selected plant species were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against the human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (A549). Cytotoxicity was measured using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphynyltetra-zolium bromide] colorimetric assay. Dose-dependent studies revealed IC50 of 8.50 ± 0.01 μg/mL and 10.50 ± 0.01 μg/mL after 72 h on the A549 cells for R. officinalis L. and T. vulgaris L., respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined using a quantitative DPPH (1,1-diphenyl- 2-picryl hydrazyl) assay. Thymus and rosemary EOs exhibited effective radical scavenging capacity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 437 ± 5.46 μg/mL and 189 ± 2.38 μg/mL respectively and therefore acts as a natural antioxidant agent. The antimicrobial activity of these species has also been studied against several foodborne pathogens and food isolated Salmonella spp. including S. enteritidis of significant importance. According to the results, T. vulgaris L. showed higher bactericidal effect than those from R. officinalis L. These results suggest that the essential oil from T. vulgaris L. and R. officinalis L. have potential to be used as a natural cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food processing.展开更多
BACKGROUND Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH)is a rare disease of unknown etiology.LCH involving the thymus is mainly seen in pediatric patients and is extremely rare in adults.In this report,we describe a rare case o...BACKGROUND Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH)is a rare disease of unknown etiology.LCH involving the thymus is mainly seen in pediatric patients and is extremely rare in adults.In this report,we describe a rare case of LCH originating from the thymus in an adult.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old man was admitted in April 2022 with complaints of intermittent dizziness since 2020,which had worsened in the previous 10 d.The physical chest examination was negative,and there was a history of hypertension for>2 years.Chest computed tomography showed a nodular soft tissue density shadow in the anterior mediastinum measuring approximately 13 mm×9 mm×8 mm.Postoperative pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of LCH.CONCLUSION It is challenging to differentiate LCH involving the thymus from thymoma in imaging features.Pathological biopsy remains the gold standard when an anterior mediastinal occupying lesion is found.展开更多
The present study reports an efficient protocol for in vitro propagation of Thymus vulgaris L., an aromatic and medicinal plant in Morocco. Initially, we performed in vitro multiplication of Thymus vulgaris explants e...The present study reports an efficient protocol for in vitro propagation of Thymus vulgaris L., an aromatic and medicinal plant in Morocco. Initially, we performed in vitro multiplication of Thymus vulgaris explants existing in the laboratory and obtained from micropropagation by shoot tip culture. Afterwards, we have evaluated the effect of six macronutrients. After that, seven cytokinins (Kin, BAP, 2iP, DPU, Adenine, Zeatine and TDZ) in three different concentrations (0.46, 0.93, 2.32 μM) have been evaluated to optimize cultures multiplication and elongation. Moreover, the effect of three auxins (IAA, IBA and NAA) at 0.57 μM, combined to 4 cytokinins (Kin, BAP, DPU and Ad.) at 0.46 μM, on shoot rooting has been studied. Thereby, MS medium has been proved the most favorable for plantlets growing. Also, we found that the addition of certain cytokinins, specifically 0.46 Kin, 0.46 and 0.93 BAP, 0.46 2iP, 0.46 DPU, 0.46 Ad. and 0.46 Zeat., ensures better multiplication and growth of vitroplants. In addition, multiplication and rooting of cultures were well optimized after addition 0.46 Kin + 0.57 IAA or NAA, 0.46 DPU + 0.57 IBA and 0.46 Ad. + 0.57 IBA combinations to the culture medium. Lastly, plantlets with roots were successfully acclimatized to ex-vitro conditions and these latter served as a source to establish in vitro culture again.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to observe the histopathological lesions and oxidative damage induced by dietary nickel chloride (NiCl2) in the thymus. A total of 280 one-day-old avian broilers were divided into four gr...The purpose of this study was to observe the histopathological lesions and oxidative damage induced by dietary nickel chloride (NiCl2) in the thymus. A total of 280 one-day-old avian broilers were divided into four groups and fed on a corn-soybean basal diet as the control diet or the same basal diet supplemented with 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg of NiCl2 for 42 days. In the NiCl2-treated groups, the broiler weight and thymic relative weight were significantly (P P < 0.01) decreased. Histopathologically, thymic corpuscles were increased and enlarged;the reticular cells were degenerate and necrotic, and lymphocytes were slightly decreased and loosely arranged in the medulla of thymus in the 600 mg/kg and 900 mg/kg groups. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the ability to inhibit hydroxy radical and glutathione (GSH) content were significantly (P P < 0.01) lower in the NiCl2-treated groups than those in the control group, while MDA content was higher. The above-mentioned results demonstrated that dietary NiCl2 in excess of 300 mg/kg could reduce the broiler weight and thymic relative weight, and cause histopathological lesions and oxidative damage in the thymus, which finally impaired the thymic function.展开更多
[Objectives] To analyze volatile components of flowers and leaves of Thymus mongolicus. [Methods]Volatile components of collected T. mongolicus flower and leaves were separated by headspace solid-phase microextraction...[Objectives] To analyze volatile components of flowers and leaves of Thymus mongolicus. [Methods]Volatile components of collected T. mongolicus flower and leaves were separated by headspace solid-phase microextraction( SPME) and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry( GC/MS) and normallized by peak area. [Results] A total of 24 and 14 compounds were identified from flowers and leaves of T. mongolicus in the total ion chromatogram,accounting for 99. 573% and 97. 187% of the total peak area,respectively. Main components of flowers and leaves of T. mongolicus include phenols and terpenes,and thymol accounts for 35. 38% and 49. 13% of flowers and leaves of T. mongolicus,respectively. [Conclusions] SPME-GC/MS can be applied in analyzing volatile components of flowers and leaves of T. mongolicus,to provide basis for further development and utilization of T. mongolicus.展开更多
In mixed lymphocyte-tumor all culture in vitro, the ability of thymus lymphocytes adhering to tumor cells was found to be essentially consistent with its emperipolesis index, though not synchronous. Tumor cells at dif...In mixed lymphocyte-tumor all culture in vitro, the ability of thymus lymphocytes adhering to tumor cells was found to be essentially consistent with its emperipolesis index, though not synchronous. Tumor cells at different progressive stages and in the mixed cultures with or without Con A stimulation also varied in the sensitivity to lymphocyte adhesion and emperipolesis. Tumor adhesiveness anl emperipolesis of theymus lymphocytes and their PNA-, PNA+ subgroups were shown to be different significantly from splenic lymphocytes. Thymosin exhibited certain promotive effect on lymphocyte-tumor adhesion and emperipolesis.展开更多
Objective:To examine the antioxidant and antihemolytic activities of the aqueous extract,total polyphenols and total flavonoids of Thymus satureioides(T.satureioides).Methods:This plant was collected from Tafilalet Re...Objective:To examine the antioxidant and antihemolytic activities of the aqueous extract,total polyphenols and total flavonoids of Thymus satureioides(T.satureioides).Methods:This plant was collected from Tafilalet Region of Morocco.The aqueous extract was obtained by cold maceration,and the components were obtained by Soxhlel extraction using solvents of varying polarity.The identification and quantification of phenol(caffeic and rosmarinic acids) and llavones(luteolin 7-glycoside and hesperetin) were carried out by high performance liquid chromatography analysis.Results:Total polyphenol and flavonoids contents in the aqueous extract of T.satureioides were(456.73±6.94) mg caffeic acid equivalent/g of dry plant and(172.79±2.12) mg rutin equivalent/g of dry plant,respectively.Different extracts showed good antioxidant activity.IC_(50)for 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical scavenging activity was(0.480±0.010),(0.418±0.005),(43.S91 ±2.467) and(0.510±0.010) mg/niL for the aqueous extract,total polyphenol,flavonoids and trolox,respectively.Also,the extracts showed ferric reducing antioxidant power and the values were(50.79±2.02),(117.51±6.46).(7.03±0.29) and(44.33±7.55) mmol trolox/g for the aqueous extract,total polyphenol,flavonoids and trolox.respectively.Serum levels of malondialdehyde was significantly decreased in comparison with the oxidized control(P<0.00l).They showed good activity against 2.2.-azobis 2-amidinopropane dihydrochloridc induced hemolysis in erythrocytes of rabbit blood.In addition,they ameliorate the half time of hemolysis.Conclusions:Our results provide evidence that aqueous extract,total polyphenols and total flavonoids of T.satureioides exhibit marked antioxidant and antihemolytic activities,thus confirming and justifying the popular uses of this plant to relieve some pains.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Third Xinjiang Comprehensive Scientific Expedition (2022xjkk020605)the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Regional Coordinated Innovation Project (Shanghai Cooperation Organization Science and Technology Partnership Program) (2020E01047)supported by the Introduction Project of High-level Talents in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
文摘Endophytes,as crucial components of plant microbial communities,significantly contribute to enhancing the absorption of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus by their hosts,promote plant growth,and degrade pathogenic fungal mycelia.In this study,an experiment was conducted in August 2022 to explore the growth-promoting potential of endophytic bacterial strains isolated from two medical plant species,Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta,using a series of screening media.Plant samples of Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta were collected from Zhaosu County and Habahe County in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China,in July 2021.Additionally,the inhibitory effects of endophytic bacterial strains on the four pathogenic fungi(Fusarium oxysporum,Fulvia fulva,Alternaria solani,and Valsa mali)were determined through the plate confrontation method.A total of 80 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from Thymus altaicus,while a total of 60 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from Salvia deserta.The endophytic bacterial strains from both Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta exhibited plant growth-promoting properties.Specifically,the strains of Bacillus sp.TR002,Bacillus sp.TR005,Microbacterium sp.TSB5,and Rhodococcus sp.TR013 demonstrated strong cellulase-producing activity,siderophore-producing activity,phosphate solubilization activity,and nitrogen-fixing activity,respectively.Out of 140 endophytic bacterial strains isolated from Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta,104 strains displayed anti-fungal activity against Fulvia fulva,Alternaria solani,Fusarium oxysporum,and Valsa mali.Furthermore,the strains of Bacillus sp.TR005,Bacillus sp.TS003,and Bacillus sp.TSB7 exhibited robust inhibition rates against all the four pathogenic fungi.In conclusion,the endophytic bacterial strains from Thymus altaicus and Salvia deserta possess both plant growth-promoting and anti-fungal properties,making them promising candidates for future development as growth-promoting agents and biocontrol tools for plant diseases.
文摘Intrathyroidal ectopic thymus(IET)is defined as an ectopic thymus tissue that is generally found incidentally and rarely in the thyroid gland in the pediatric group.It occurs as a result of disruption of the embryological migration path and the settling of the thymus tissue into the thyroid gland.In the differential diagnosis,it is mostly confused with thyroid nodules.Although thyroid nodules are less common in children than adults,the rate of malignancy is much higher.Therefore,knowing the general ultrasound findings of IET better may prevent unnecessary invasive attempts and surgical procedures.In this article,we tried to compile the key imaging findings of IET.
基金financially supported by the National Research Centre,Egypt(grant numbers:10120106)
文摘Objective:This study was performed to investigate the protective effect of Thymus vulgaris(T.vulgaris) leaves 70%alcoholic extract against alcohol-mediate hepatotoxicity rats.Methods:The protective effect of extract was investigated at dose of 500 mg/kg/day orally against alcohol-mediate hepatotoxicity using adult male Wister albino rats during 21 days.Protective effect of T.vulgaris extract was evaluated comparing with silymarin standard drug al recommended dose(25 mg/kg/day) orally for 21 days.Results:Alcohol-mediate hepatotoxicity rats(alcohol-control) showed hepatocytes distortion represented as marked increment on liver biomarkers;alkaline phosphatase(ALP),aspartate transaminase(AST) and alanine transaminase(ALT) activities,as well as pronounced reduction on total protein and its fractions albumin and globulin corresponding to normal ranges.Addition to oxidative stress status as depletion on glutathione concentration,catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione reductase(GR),glutathione-S-transferase(GST) and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)activities,concurrence with augmentation oxidative stress parameters;malondyaldchydc(MDA) and hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) concentrations comparing to normal values.Alcohol administration elevated total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) comparing to normal ranges.Co-administration T.vulgaris extract with alcohol showed protective effect on hepatocytes manifested as minimizing on ALP.AST and ALT activities and increment on total protein,albumin and globulin production compared to alcohol-control.Antioxidant enzymes activities;CAT.SOD.GR,GST and GPx were significantly magnified,while MDA and H_2O_2 concentration were lessened corresponding to alcohol-control.Also,lipid profile was markedly improved and risk ratio was lowered compared to alcohol-control.These results were confirmed by normalization of degenerated and fibrotic liver tissue as of alcohol-control.Conclusion:T.vulgaris extract appeared hepatoprotective,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities on alcohol-mediate hepatotoxicity rats compared to silymarin.
文摘Objective:To isolate and analyze the chemical composition in different crude extracts of from the leaves of locally grown of Thymus vulgaris L(T.vulgaris)by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Methods:The shade dried leaves powder was extracted with methanol by using Soxhlet extractor.Methanol crude extracts of T.vulgaris and the derived fractions of hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate and butanol were obtained.Results:Qualitative analyses of various organic crude extracts of T.vulgaris by using GC-MS showed that there were different types of high and low molecular weight compounds.Most of the isolated and identified compounds by GC-MS in the crude extracts are basically biologically important.Further,the T.vulgaris leaf possessed certain characteristics that can be ascribed to cultivation on a domestic plantation.The crude extracts were prepared from the powder leaves of T.vulgaris for respective compounds can be chosen on the basis of above GC-MS analysis.Conclusions:All the major compounds were identified and characterized by spectroscopic method in different organic crude extracts of T.vulgaris are biologically active molecules.Thus the identification of a good number of compounds in various crude extracts of T.vulgaris might have some ecological role.
基金support from the University of Massachusetts Amherst
文摘Thymus daenensis, a perennial herb, is often grown in areas that experience drought conditions during its growing period. Application of chitosan may compensate for the negative impact of drought stress on the yield of oil and secondary metabolites in Thymus.The interactive effects of foliar application of chitosan and drought stress on dry matter,essential oil yield, and selected physiological characteristics including photosynthetic pigments, osmotic adjustment, and lipid peroxidation of Thymus were investigated in a two-year study from 2014 to 2015. Treatments consisted of 0, 200, and 400(iL L'1 chitosan applied to plants grown under field capacity, mild drought stress(50% field capacity), and severe drought stress(25% field capacity). Dry matter yield decreased substantially as drought stress intensified. However, essential oil content increased under stress conditions,with the highest essential oil yield obtained from plants under mild drought stress. Foliar application of chitosan compensated to some extent for dry matter and oil yield reduction of plants grown under drought stress. The highest essential oil yield(1.52 g plant-1) was obtained by application of 400 \iL L_1 chitosan under the mild stress condition in 2015 when plants were mature. The compensatory effect of chitosan in reducing the negative impact of stress conditions on dry matter and oil yield was due mainly to stimulation of osmotic adjustment through proline accumulation and reduction of lipid peroxidase level, which increased the integrity of cell membranes of thyme leaves.
基金Supported by the Cooperation for Innovation in the Agro-Food Domain Project within the 7th Research and Development Framework Programme FP7-INCO-2013-9(Grant agreement number 609495)
文摘Objective: To evaluate the susceptibility of Mycobacterium aurum and Mycobacterium smegmatis in vitro to the essential oils obtained from two medicinal plants: Thymus satureioides(T. satureioides) and Mentha pulegium(M. pulegium), and to study their chemical composition.Methods: The aerial parts of T. satureioides and M. pulegium(leaves and stems) were hydro-distillated using a Clevenger-type apparatus and essential oils were analyzed and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antimycobacterial screening of essential oils was performed on the basis of the inhibition zone diameter by disc diffusion method against two mycobacterial strains whereas the minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration were determined by using the micro-dilution method.Results: Chemical analysis of their aerial part's essential oils gave as major compounds,borneol(34.26%), carvacrol(31.21%) and thymol(3.71%) for T. satureioides and R(+)-pulegone(75.48%), carvone(6.66%) and dihydrocarvone(4.64%) for M. pulegium.Thereafter their antimycobacterial effect evaluation, using the micro-dilution method,indicated that minimal inhibitory concentration values of T. satureioides essential oil ranged from 0.062% to 0.015%(v/v) and from 0.125% to 0.031%(v/v) for M. pulegium respectively against Mycobacterium aurum and Mycobacterium smegmatis.Conclusions: It is clearly evident from the results obtained that the Moroccan medicinal plants have great potential to be used as anti-tuberculosis agents. These findings may help scientists to undertake several research projects to discover useful natural product as new anti-tuberculosis drug.
基金Supported by Central Instrument Laboratory,College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences,Sultan Qaboos University,Sultanate of Oma(Grant No.507/SOP/OB/1/2013)
文摘Objective:To prepare various crude extracts using different polarities of solvent and to quantitatively evaluate their total phenol,flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening of Thymus vulgaris collected from Al Jabal Al Akhdar,Nizwa.Sultanate of Oman.Methods:The leave sample was extracted with methanol and evaporated.Then it was defatted with water and extracted with different polarities organic solvents with increasing polarities.The prepare hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,hutanol and methanol crude extracts were used for their evaluation of total phenol,flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening study.The established conventional metliods were used for quantitative determination of total phenol,flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening.Results:Phytochemical screening for various crude extracts were tested and shown positive result for flavonoids,saponins and steroids compounds.The result for total phenol content was the highest in hutanol and the lowest in methanol crude extract whereas the total flavonoids contents was the highest in methanol and the lowest hexane crude extract.Conclusions:The crude extracts from locally grown Thymus vulgaris showed high concentration of flavonoids and it could be used as antibiotics for different curable and uncurable diseases.
文摘The binding of Co (phen)2dppz3+ to calf thymus DNA,as investigated using absorption spectroscopy. viscosity and electrophoresis measurements,here dppz is dipyrido[3, 2-a: 2’3’-c]phenazine. The compound shows absorption hypochromicity and the specific viscosity increased upon binding to calf thymus DNA The complex is also shown to be more efficient photosensitisers for single strand breaks in plasmid
文摘Objective To establish and improve the model of heart-thymus composite transplantation. Methods Vascularized both lobes of the thymus is transplanted heterotopically with the heart as a composite graft in rats.This technique was developed and assessed, and viability of the grafts was evaluated histologically. Results Donor operation costed 38. 5 ± 3. 52 min, vascular anastomosis costed 25.0 ± 3. 28 min, operating successful rate was 90%, acute rejection was observed in SD-Wistar group, viable thymus with normal microarchitecture was maintained in Wistar-Wistar group. Conclusions The improved novel technique for combined heart-thymus transplantation is a valuable method for study of the role of thymus in transplantation immunity.
基金Supported by Research and Technology Deputy of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences(Grant No.1756)
文摘Objective: To investigate the effect of Thymus vulgaris(T. vulgaris) on learning and memory functions in scopolamine-induced memory deficit in rats. Memory enhancing activity in scopolamine-induced amnesic rats was investigated by assessing the Morris water maze and passive avoidance paradigm.Methods: A total of 42 male Wistar rats were divided into 6 equal groups as follow:control group: received water, scopolamine treated group: received scopolamine 1 mg/kg for 15 days, two scopolamine + T. vulgaris treated groups: received scopolamine and T. vulgaris extract 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight per day for 15 days, two intact groups:received T. vulgaris extract 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight per day for 15 days.Results: Administration of T. vulgaris extract significantly restored memory and learning impairments induced by scopolamine in the passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test.Conclusions: T. vulgaris extract has repairing effects on memory and behavioral disorders produced by scopolamine and may have beneficial effects in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
文摘Herbal medicine from natural resources plays an important role as antibacterial and antioxidant agents. The present investigation was designed to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) essential oil (TEO) and/or chitosan (CH) in vitro. Results indicated that TEO exhibited high radical scavenging activity (RSA) toward DPPH, ABTS, linoleic acid deterioration and iron chelation activity. TEO exhibited high amount of total phenolic compounds (TPC) related to its terpenes. The TPC of TEO was 177.3 mg GAE g-1 demonstrated 149.8 μmol of TE g-1 DPPH-RSA and 192.4 μmol of TE g-1 ABTS-RSA. The antioxidant capacity of TEO exhibited 68.9% reduction when evaluated by β-carotene bleaching assay. The reducing power activity related to iron chelation was 142.8 μmol of AAE g-1. The TEO exhibited a high content of Thymol (41.04%) as major compound over 14 identified components by GC-MS analysis followed by 1,8-Cineole (14.26%), γ-Terpinene (12.06%), p-Cymene (10.50%) and α-Terpinene (9.22%). TEO exhibited antimicrobial activity in vitro and MIC noticed that TEO was efficiently affected pathogens in vitro. Indeed, CH exhibited negligible or very low antimicrobial activity. In conclusion, both investigated TEO and TEO-CHmix have strong antibacterial activity against many pathogenic bacteria and need exploitation as an alternative source of natural antibacterial and antioxidant agents for potential applications.
基金Supported by Prince Sultan Military Medical City,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia(Grant Number#APX-2014-034)
文摘Objective: To focus on the analysis of chemical constituents of the Thymus vulgaris L.(locally known as "Zaitra" or "Za'atar"; Family: Lamiaceae) which is available in the market of Saudi Arabia.Methods: The Zaitra oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mass spectra were compared with the standard spectra available in National Institute Standard and Technique library.Results: The results indicated that the Thymus oil is composed of many chemical compounds including a pinene, thymol and caryophyllene which are biologically active and also used in various diseases.Conclusions: It can be concluded that the Thymus vulgaris due to presence of many bioactive compounds can be used as a new potential source of medicine for the treatment of various types of illness.
文摘The essential oil composition of Thymus vulgaris L. and Rosmarinus officinalis L. endemic to France were determined by GC and GC-MS. Oils were assessed for their cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. 31 and 37 different compounds were identified representing 99.64% and 99.38% of the thyme and rosemary oils respectively, where oxygenated monoterpenes constituted the main chemical class. Thymol (41.33%) and 1.8-cineole (24.10%) were identified as the main constituents of T. vulgaris L. and R. officinalis L., respectively. Essential oils (EOs) of selected plant species were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against the human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (A549). Cytotoxicity was measured using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphynyltetra-zolium bromide] colorimetric assay. Dose-dependent studies revealed IC50 of 8.50 ± 0.01 μg/mL and 10.50 ± 0.01 μg/mL after 72 h on the A549 cells for R. officinalis L. and T. vulgaris L., respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined using a quantitative DPPH (1,1-diphenyl- 2-picryl hydrazyl) assay. Thymus and rosemary EOs exhibited effective radical scavenging capacity with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 437 ± 5.46 μg/mL and 189 ± 2.38 μg/mL respectively and therefore acts as a natural antioxidant agent. The antimicrobial activity of these species has also been studied against several foodborne pathogens and food isolated Salmonella spp. including S. enteritidis of significant importance. According to the results, T. vulgaris L. showed higher bactericidal effect than those from R. officinalis L. These results suggest that the essential oil from T. vulgaris L. and R. officinalis L. have potential to be used as a natural cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food processing.
文摘BACKGROUND Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH)is a rare disease of unknown etiology.LCH involving the thymus is mainly seen in pediatric patients and is extremely rare in adults.In this report,we describe a rare case of LCH originating from the thymus in an adult.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old man was admitted in April 2022 with complaints of intermittent dizziness since 2020,which had worsened in the previous 10 d.The physical chest examination was negative,and there was a history of hypertension for>2 years.Chest computed tomography showed a nodular soft tissue density shadow in the anterior mediastinum measuring approximately 13 mm×9 mm×8 mm.Postoperative pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of LCH.CONCLUSION It is challenging to differentiate LCH involving the thymus from thymoma in imaging features.Pathological biopsy remains the gold standard when an anterior mediastinal occupying lesion is found.
文摘The present study reports an efficient protocol for in vitro propagation of Thymus vulgaris L., an aromatic and medicinal plant in Morocco. Initially, we performed in vitro multiplication of Thymus vulgaris explants existing in the laboratory and obtained from micropropagation by shoot tip culture. Afterwards, we have evaluated the effect of six macronutrients. After that, seven cytokinins (Kin, BAP, 2iP, DPU, Adenine, Zeatine and TDZ) in three different concentrations (0.46, 0.93, 2.32 μM) have been evaluated to optimize cultures multiplication and elongation. Moreover, the effect of three auxins (IAA, IBA and NAA) at 0.57 μM, combined to 4 cytokinins (Kin, BAP, DPU and Ad.) at 0.46 μM, on shoot rooting has been studied. Thereby, MS medium has been proved the most favorable for plantlets growing. Also, we found that the addition of certain cytokinins, specifically 0.46 Kin, 0.46 and 0.93 BAP, 0.46 2iP, 0.46 DPU, 0.46 Ad. and 0.46 Zeat., ensures better multiplication and growth of vitroplants. In addition, multiplication and rooting of cultures were well optimized after addition 0.46 Kin + 0.57 IAA or NAA, 0.46 DPU + 0.57 IBA and 0.46 Ad. + 0.57 IBA combinations to the culture medium. Lastly, plantlets with roots were successfully acclimatized to ex-vitro conditions and these latter served as a source to establish in vitro culture again.
文摘The purpose of this study was to observe the histopathological lesions and oxidative damage induced by dietary nickel chloride (NiCl2) in the thymus. A total of 280 one-day-old avian broilers were divided into four groups and fed on a corn-soybean basal diet as the control diet or the same basal diet supplemented with 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg of NiCl2 for 42 days. In the NiCl2-treated groups, the broiler weight and thymic relative weight were significantly (P P < 0.01) decreased. Histopathologically, thymic corpuscles were increased and enlarged;the reticular cells were degenerate and necrotic, and lymphocytes were slightly decreased and loosely arranged in the medulla of thymus in the 600 mg/kg and 900 mg/kg groups. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the ability to inhibit hydroxy radical and glutathione (GSH) content were significantly (P P < 0.01) lower in the NiCl2-treated groups than those in the control group, while MDA content was higher. The above-mentioned results demonstrated that dietary NiCl2 in excess of 300 mg/kg could reduce the broiler weight and thymic relative weight, and cause histopathological lesions and oxidative damage in the thymus, which finally impaired the thymic function.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2015MS0324)Scientific Research Service Project of Chifeng University(KYFW-16-05)
文摘[Objectives] To analyze volatile components of flowers and leaves of Thymus mongolicus. [Methods]Volatile components of collected T. mongolicus flower and leaves were separated by headspace solid-phase microextraction( SPME) and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry( GC/MS) and normallized by peak area. [Results] A total of 24 and 14 compounds were identified from flowers and leaves of T. mongolicus in the total ion chromatogram,accounting for 99. 573% and 97. 187% of the total peak area,respectively. Main components of flowers and leaves of T. mongolicus include phenols and terpenes,and thymol accounts for 35. 38% and 49. 13% of flowers and leaves of T. mongolicus,respectively. [Conclusions] SPME-GC/MS can be applied in analyzing volatile components of flowers and leaves of T. mongolicus,to provide basis for further development and utilization of T. mongolicus.
文摘In mixed lymphocyte-tumor all culture in vitro, the ability of thymus lymphocytes adhering to tumor cells was found to be essentially consistent with its emperipolesis index, though not synchronous. Tumor cells at different progressive stages and in the mixed cultures with or without Con A stimulation also varied in the sensitivity to lymphocyte adhesion and emperipolesis. Tumor adhesiveness anl emperipolesis of theymus lymphocytes and their PNA-, PNA+ subgroups were shown to be different significantly from splenic lymphocytes. Thymosin exhibited certain promotive effect on lymphocyte-tumor adhesion and emperipolesis.
文摘Objective:To examine the antioxidant and antihemolytic activities of the aqueous extract,total polyphenols and total flavonoids of Thymus satureioides(T.satureioides).Methods:This plant was collected from Tafilalet Region of Morocco.The aqueous extract was obtained by cold maceration,and the components were obtained by Soxhlel extraction using solvents of varying polarity.The identification and quantification of phenol(caffeic and rosmarinic acids) and llavones(luteolin 7-glycoside and hesperetin) were carried out by high performance liquid chromatography analysis.Results:Total polyphenol and flavonoids contents in the aqueous extract of T.satureioides were(456.73±6.94) mg caffeic acid equivalent/g of dry plant and(172.79±2.12) mg rutin equivalent/g of dry plant,respectively.Different extracts showed good antioxidant activity.IC_(50)for 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil radical scavenging activity was(0.480±0.010),(0.418±0.005),(43.S91 ±2.467) and(0.510±0.010) mg/niL for the aqueous extract,total polyphenol,flavonoids and trolox,respectively.Also,the extracts showed ferric reducing antioxidant power and the values were(50.79±2.02),(117.51±6.46).(7.03±0.29) and(44.33±7.55) mmol trolox/g for the aqueous extract,total polyphenol,flavonoids and trolox.respectively.Serum levels of malondialdehyde was significantly decreased in comparison with the oxidized control(P<0.00l).They showed good activity against 2.2.-azobis 2-amidinopropane dihydrochloridc induced hemolysis in erythrocytes of rabbit blood.In addition,they ameliorate the half time of hemolysis.Conclusions:Our results provide evidence that aqueous extract,total polyphenols and total flavonoids of T.satureioides exhibit marked antioxidant and antihemolytic activities,thus confirming and justifying the popular uses of this plant to relieve some pains.
