Eastern philosophy and western science have convergent and divergent viewpoints for their explanation of consciousness. Convergence is found for the practice of meditation allowing besides a time dependent consciousne...Eastern philosophy and western science have convergent and divergent viewpoints for their explanation of consciousness. Convergence is found for the practice of meditation allowing besides a time dependent consciousness, the experience of a timeless consciousness and its beneficial effect on psychological wellbeing and medical improvements, which are confirmed by multiple scientific publications. Theories of quantum mechanics with non-locality and timelessness also show astonishing correlation to eastern philosophy, such as the theory of Penrose-Hameroff （ORC-OR）, which explains consciousness by reduction of quantum superposition in the brain. Divergence appears in the interpretation of the subjective experience of timeless consciousness. In eastern philosophy, meditation at a higher level of awareness allows the personal experience of timeless and non-dual consciousness, considered as an empirical proof for the existence of pure consciousness or spirituality existing before the material world and creating it by design. Western science acknowledges the subjective, non-dual experience, and its multiple beneficial effects, however, the interpretation of spirituality designing the material universe is in disagreement with the Darwinian Theory of mutation and selection. A design should create an ideal universe without the injustice of 3% congenital birth defects and later genetic health problems. The western viewpoint of selection is more adapted to explain congenital errors. The gap between subjectivity and objectivity, the mind-body problem, is in eastern philosophy reduced to the dominance of subjectivity over objectivity, whereas western science attributes equal values to both. Nevertheless, there remains an astonishing complementarity between eastern and western practices.展开更多
This paper provides a perception that all things are connected. Starting with the perception of Metaphysics and how matter exists out of total void, complementary matter, or dark matter, the incompleteness of Einstein...This paper provides a perception that all things are connected. Starting with the perception of Metaphysics and how matter exists out of total void, complementary matter, or dark matter, the incompleteness of Einstein relativistic theory. Multi spacetime universes and the jump drive for jumping within and between spacetime universes. Warp drive for space travel. DNA as sequence of momentary frequencies and how it related to Ezekiel’s dry bones prophecy. The outcome of neural patterns as cords of consciousness, consciousness as the collection of all cords of consciousness and the lack of uniqueness of individual consciousness. Finally, all things are cords of consciousness.展开更多
Circadian clock genes in peripheral tissues usually play an important role in regulating the circadian rhythms. Light is the most important environmental signal for synchronizing endogenous rhythms with the daily ligh...Circadian clock genes in peripheral tissues usually play an important role in regulating the circadian rhythms. Light is the most important environmental signal for synchronizing endogenous rhythms with the daily light-dark cycle, and compound eyes are known as the principal circadian photoreceptor for photic entrainment in most moths. However, there is little evidence for circadian timing in compound eyes. In the current study, we isolated the timeless gene, designated Ha-tim (GenBank accession number: KM233162), from the cotton bo 11 worm Helicoverpa armigera. Ha-tim and period (Haper) showed low messenger RNA levels in the compound eyes compared to the other tested adult organs. Ha-tim and Ha-per transcript levels were dependent on an endogenous rhythm that fluctuated over a daily cycle in the compound eyes and heads. The cycles of Hatim and Ha-per transcript levels followed similar time courses, and identical expression patterns of the two genes were observed in the compound eyes and heads. Ha-tim and Ha-per were dowregulated in the compound eyes after light exposure, copulation and starvation. These results indicated that Ha-tim and Ha-per transcript levels were regulated by endogenous and exogenous factors. Our study helped to improve our understanding of the circadian clock machinery in compound eyes and other peripheral tissues.展开更多
Circadian rhythms are endogenous oscillations with a period of about 24 h driven by a circadian clock. So far, variable oscillators have been found in insects. To explore the circadian clock of Tribolium castaneum, we...Circadian rhythms are endogenous oscillations with a period of about 24 h driven by a circadian clock. So far, variable oscillators have been found in insects. To explore the circadian clock of Tribolium castaneum, we cloned the clock gene timeless （Tctimeless）. Its open reading frame is 3240 bp in length and consists of 10 exons. Tctimeless＇ is highly expressed in the late pupal stage. Tissue-specific expression analysis in late adult stages revealed high expression of Tctimeless in the head, epidermis, fat body and accessory glands. Silencing of Tctimeless by RNA interference （RNAi） at the late larval stages caused a failure to initiate eclosion. Tctimeless knockdown in late pupal stages led to a gender-independent decline in egg production and progeny survival. As a core clock gene, Tctimeless exhibited one expression peak in the middle of the circadian day. Knockdown of Tctimeless disrupted daily expression patterns of Tccycle, Tcclock, Tcperiod and itself, while Tctimeless and Tcperiod expression patterns over the circadian day were also perturbed when Tccycle or Tcclock is suppressed by RNAi. This study identified a complex transcriptional relationship among circadian clock genes in T. castaneum.展开更多
Circadian rhythms,which are ubiquitous and adaptive,occur across all species,from microbes to humans,in which they organize and modify behavior and physiology.timeless(im)is a canonical clock gene.The core composition...Circadian rhythms,which are ubiquitous and adaptive,occur across all species,from microbes to humans,in which they organize and modify behavior and physiology.timeless(im)is a canonical clock gene.The core composition of the Drosophila melanogaster endogenous circadian clock has been extensively investigated;however,in lepidopteran insects,including Bombyr mori,the mechanism is complicated and little is known regarding the participation of tim in the negative feedback loop responsible for behavioral activities.To arrive at a comprehensive understanding of the role of tim in the B.mori endogenous circadian clock,we exploited the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 gene editing system.We attermpted to elucidate the functions of tim in the circadian clock of B.mori using Bmtim mutants.The knockouts affected two circadian behavioral activities:adult emergence and embryo hatching rhythms.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results confirmed that tim-knockouts induced relative reductions in the expression levels,and thereby the oscillation amplitudes,of Bmper and Bmclk messenger RNAs during both the photophase and scotophase.Additionally,the daily rhythmic expression of Bmndbt was up-regulated in the photophase and downregulated in the scotophase in a tim-knockout.Our study reveals that tim is integral to the B.mori circadian clock and may be involved in regulating eclosion and hatching rhythms.展开更多
文摘Eastern philosophy and western science have convergent and divergent viewpoints for their explanation of consciousness. Convergence is found for the practice of meditation allowing besides a time dependent consciousness, the experience of a timeless consciousness and its beneficial effect on psychological wellbeing and medical improvements, which are confirmed by multiple scientific publications. Theories of quantum mechanics with non-locality and timelessness also show astonishing correlation to eastern philosophy, such as the theory of Penrose-Hameroff （ORC-OR）, which explains consciousness by reduction of quantum superposition in the brain. Divergence appears in the interpretation of the subjective experience of timeless consciousness. In eastern philosophy, meditation at a higher level of awareness allows the personal experience of timeless and non-dual consciousness, considered as an empirical proof for the existence of pure consciousness or spirituality existing before the material world and creating it by design. Western science acknowledges the subjective, non-dual experience, and its multiple beneficial effects, however, the interpretation of spirituality designing the material universe is in disagreement with the Darwinian Theory of mutation and selection. A design should create an ideal universe without the injustice of 3% congenital birth defects and later genetic health problems. The western viewpoint of selection is more adapted to explain congenital errors. The gap between subjectivity and objectivity, the mind-body problem, is in eastern philosophy reduced to the dominance of subjectivity over objectivity, whereas western science attributes equal values to both. Nevertheless, there remains an astonishing complementarity between eastern and western practices.
文摘This paper provides a perception that all things are connected. Starting with the perception of Metaphysics and how matter exists out of total void, complementary matter, or dark matter, the incompleteness of Einstein relativistic theory. Multi spacetime universes and the jump drive for jumping within and between spacetime universes. Warp drive for space travel. DNA as sequence of momentary frequencies and how it related to Ezekiel’s dry bones prophecy. The outcome of neural patterns as cords of consciousness, consciousness as the collection of all cords of consciousness and the lack of uniqueness of individual consciousness. Finally, all things are cords of consciousness.
文摘Circadian clock genes in peripheral tissues usually play an important role in regulating the circadian rhythms. Light is the most important environmental signal for synchronizing endogenous rhythms with the daily light-dark cycle, and compound eyes are known as the principal circadian photoreceptor for photic entrainment in most moths. However, there is little evidence for circadian timing in compound eyes. In the current study, we isolated the timeless gene, designated Ha-tim (GenBank accession number: KM233162), from the cotton bo 11 worm Helicoverpa armigera. Ha-tim and period (Haper) showed low messenger RNA levels in the compound eyes compared to the other tested adult organs. Ha-tim and Ha-per transcript levels were dependent on an endogenous rhythm that fluctuated over a daily cycle in the compound eyes and heads. The cycles of Hatim and Ha-per transcript levels followed similar time courses, and identical expression patterns of the two genes were observed in the compound eyes and heads. Ha-tim and Ha-per were dowregulated in the compound eyes after light exposure, copulation and starvation. These results indicated that Ha-tim and Ha-per transcript levels were regulated by endogenous and exogenous factors. Our study helped to improve our understanding of the circadian clock machinery in compound eyes and other peripheral tissues.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 31601893, 31572326 ＆ 31172146）, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation （No. 2015M581729）, the General Project of Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu higher Education Institutions （No. 16KJB 180004） and the PAPD of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Circadian rhythms are endogenous oscillations with a period of about 24 h driven by a circadian clock. So far, variable oscillators have been found in insects. To explore the circadian clock of Tribolium castaneum, we cloned the clock gene timeless （Tctimeless）. Its open reading frame is 3240 bp in length and consists of 10 exons. Tctimeless＇ is highly expressed in the late pupal stage. Tissue-specific expression analysis in late adult stages revealed high expression of Tctimeless in the head, epidermis, fat body and accessory glands. Silencing of Tctimeless by RNA interference （RNAi） at the late larval stages caused a failure to initiate eclosion. Tctimeless knockdown in late pupal stages led to a gender-independent decline in egg production and progeny survival. As a core clock gene, Tctimeless exhibited one expression peak in the middle of the circadian day. Knockdown of Tctimeless disrupted daily expression patterns of Tccycle, Tcclock, Tcperiod and itself, while Tctimeless and Tcperiod expression patterns over the circadian day were also perturbed when Tccycle or Tcclock is suppressed by RNAi. This study identified a complex transcriptional relationship among circadian clock genes in T. castaneum.
基金the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(grant No.31772523)the Earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research Sys-tem(cars-18).
文摘Circadian rhythms,which are ubiquitous and adaptive,occur across all species,from microbes to humans,in which they organize and modify behavior and physiology.timeless(im)is a canonical clock gene.The core composition of the Drosophila melanogaster endogenous circadian clock has been extensively investigated;however,in lepidopteran insects,including Bombyr mori,the mechanism is complicated and little is known regarding the participation of tim in the negative feedback loop responsible for behavioral activities.To arrive at a comprehensive understanding of the role of tim in the B.mori endogenous circadian clock,we exploited the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 gene editing system.We attermpted to elucidate the functions of tim in the circadian clock of B.mori using Bmtim mutants.The knockouts affected two circadian behavioral activities:adult emergence and embryo hatching rhythms.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results confirmed that tim-knockouts induced relative reductions in the expression levels,and thereby the oscillation amplitudes,of Bmper and Bmclk messenger RNAs during both the photophase and scotophase.Additionally,the daily rhythmic expression of Bmndbt was up-regulated in the photophase and downregulated in the scotophase in a tim-knockout.Our study reveals that tim is integral to the B.mori circadian clock and may be involved in regulating eclosion and hatching rhythms.
