Under the further development of trade and economic globalization,the construction of free trade area provides a platform for local enterprises to"go out".In this context,the English translation of company n...Under the further development of trade and economic globalization,the construction of free trade area provides a platform for local enterprises to"go out".In this context,the English translation of company names in Wuhan Pilot Free Trade Area is the basic guarantee for the company to further integrate into the international trade market.Based on the investigation of the current situation of translation of company names in Wuhan Area and the analysis of the problems in the translation,this paper puts forward some specific suggestions to improve the translation quality of company names.展开更多
The Manaus Free Trade Area （ZFM） will end in 2023, but there is a proposal to amend the Brazilian Federal Constitution so that it lasts until 2073. From the understanding of discourse as a social practice, this pape...The Manaus Free Trade Area （ZFM） will end in 2023, but there is a proposal to amend the Brazilian Federal Constitution so that it lasts until 2073. From the understanding of discourse as a social practice, this paper is based on the analysis of 265 parliamentary pronouncements, 19 numbers of an institutional magazine, and 626 news texts from the most important local newspaper, all published between 2007 and 2010. It reveals a shift in the discourse about the ZFM, guided by ecological modernization. The industries are now presented as responsible for preserving the rainforest： it is said that if the tax incentives stop, there will be unemployment and deforestation. This tragic story line does not recognize the role of traditional peoples and communities in forest conservation and neither is open to the public debate about other models of development for the Amazon.展开更多
From the present situation of worldwide flee-trade area and the new trend of reform and opening in China after 18 of the fifth plenary session, you can see that in domestic, the construction and development of free-tr...From the present situation of worldwide flee-trade area and the new trend of reform and opening in China after 18 of the fifth plenary session, you can see that in domestic, the construction and development of free-trade area, taking regional core city as center, is economy transformation means under new normal economic environment, and new clues to improve the level of reform and opening. The establishments of free trade Area in Shanghai, Guangdong, Tianjin, Fujian provided references for establishing a free trade area of xi ＇ an under the background of the silk road economic belt construction. This article firstly analyzes the present domestic and foreign research situation and development trend; and then put forward the necessity of building Xi＇ an free trade area. Then discusses the Xi＇ an Silk Road economic belt free trade area construction strategy. Finally, in combination with the practical situation of Xi＇ an, it proposes path selection of Xi＇ an free trade area construction under the strategy of Silk Road economic belt.展开更多
With the economic integration all over the world, it is necessary to establish the free trade area of central Asia, including Xinjiang. This paper analyses the demands on establishing free trade area in central Asia. ...With the economic integration all over the world, it is necessary to establish the free trade area of central Asia, including Xinjiang. This paper analyses the demands on establishing free trade area in central Asia. According to the present statues of Xinjiang and five countries of central Asia, the developmental patterns are suggested. Furthermore, some policies and suggestions are proposed about the existing problems.展开更多
It has been five years since the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was first introduced. Though there has been a growing body of literature on regional cooperation between covered countries, Japan and South Korea have be...It has been five years since the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was first introduced. Though there has been a growing body of literature on regional cooperation between covered countries, Japan and South Korea have been barely discussed. This paper starts with the consensus-based mechanism of a China-Japan-South Korea Free Trade Area (FTA) to probe the approach of its alignment with the BRI in terms of the sequence of “master plans,”“viability of cooperation,” and “embedding of rules.” This inquiry found that the three countries have a shared interest in cooperation in Central Asia to which China prefers a pragmatic approach, while Japan and South Korea an approach combining idealism with pragmatism. Given the huge potential of cooperation between the trio, it is suggested that a “Central Asia chapter” be incorporated in the negotiation framework of this trilateral FTA, and that the design feature three aspects;fundamental principles, specific rules, and an executive body with a view to functionally contributing to regional trade integration in Asia. This approach may also be applied to the alignment of other Asian areas with the BRI.展开更多
The current global financial and economic crisis is giving new life to initiatives that promote closer economic integration among East Asian countries. A significant example is the ASEAN- China Free Trade Area （.4 C...The current global financial and economic crisis is giving new life to initiatives that promote closer economic integration among East Asian countries. A significant example is the ASEAN- China Free Trade Area （.4 CFTA）, which is set to come into effect around 2010..4CFTA aims to boost trade between two economies that are partners as well as competitors： ASEAN and China. In the present paper, we use insights from customs union theory in a qualitative analysis considering whether,4CFTA would benefit both sides. We also apply a computable general equilibrium model to perform a quantitative analysis of the same issue. Both our qualitative and quantitative analyses provide grounds for guarded optimism regarding A CFTA ＇s prospects as a vehicle for strengthening the economic partnership between ASEAN and China.展开更多
This study aims to examine the impact of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area （CAFTA） on China＇s international agricultural trade and its regional agricultural development, using the Global Trade Analysis Project model ...This study aims to examine the impact of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area （CAFTA） on China＇s international agricultural trade and its regional agricultural development, using the Global Trade Analysis Project model and the China Agricultural Decision Support System. Our analysis showed that： （i） CAFTA will improve resource allocation efficiencies for both China and ASEAN and will promote bilateral agricultural trade and, hence, will have positive effects on the economic development of both sides; （ii） CAFTA will accelerate China＇s export of the agricultural commodities in which it has comparative advantages, such as vegetables, wheat and horticultural products, but at the same time bring about a large increase in imports of commodities such as vegetable oil and sugar; and （iii） CAFTA will have significantly varying impacts on China＇s regional agricultural development because of large differences in the agricultural production structure in each region. Our results indicate that agriculture in the northern, northeastern and eastern regions of China will benefit from CAFTA, whereas agriculture development in southern China will suffer. Those regional specific impacts are quite different from the effects brought by multilateral free trade treaties, such as those of the WTO, which usually have positive effects on south China but negative impacts on the northern and western parts of China.展开更多
The Asia-Pacific Free Trade Area （FTAAP） has become a topic of focus since the proposal was first raised in 2004. The present paper considers China＇s policy towards the FTAAP from apolitical economy perspective by ...The Asia-Pacific Free Trade Area （FTAAP） has become a topic of focus since the proposal was first raised in 2004. The present paper considers China＇s policy towards the FTAAP from apolitical economy perspective by probing the gains, impediments and concerns for China, and makes judgments based on several possible scenarios. The author argues that from an economic perspective, China would benefit from joining the FTAAP both in a static and a dynamic manner because both its main trade partners and trade barriers in export markets are concentrated in the Asia-Pacific region. However, whether the Chinese Government is likely to support the initiative is largely dependent on certain crucial political and diplomatic elements, including the APEC approach, US-Chinese relations, quality of treaty, sensitive sectors, competitive proposal of alternative and membership of Chinese Taipei. Therefore, if the Chinese Government cannot ratify the ideology and terms of the initiative, or issues that are central to China＇s interests are not addressed, the FTAAP will only remain a proposal possessing economic possibility in the long run, without political feasibility in the near term.展开更多
based on understanding both the political and economic factors affecting Japan’s start of the FTA process, make judgments on the possible Japan’s participation in China-Japan-ROK FTA and TPP negotiations. From tradi...based on understanding both the political and economic factors affecting Japan’s start of the FTA process, make judgments on the possible Japan’s participation in China-Japan-ROK FTA and TPP negotiations. From traditional effect, Japan hopes through China-Japan- ROK FTA to achieve economic benefits from the rapid economic development in China and South Korea;but from non-traditional effect, considerations for dominance, national security and interests groups make Japan attach importance to TPP too. Because of possible prolonged islands disputes, politically, the China-Japan-ROK FTA is difficult. Japan may prioritize TPP if it has to make a choice between the two.展开更多
Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) can be graphically manipulated to reduce the number of nodes and hence the area. In this context, ordering of BDDs play a major role. Most of the algorithms for input variable ordering ...Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) can be graphically manipulated to reduce the number of nodes and hence the area. In this context, ordering of BDDs play a major role. Most of the algorithms for input variable ordering of OBDD focus primarily on area minimization. However, suitable input variable ordering helps in minimizing the power consumption also. In this particular work, we have proposed two algorithms namely, a genetic algorithm based technique and a branch and bound algorithm to find an optimal input variable order. Of course, the node reordering is taken care of by the standard BDD package buddy-2.4. Moreover, we have evaluated the performances of the proposed algorithms by running an exhaustive search program. Experi-mental results show a substantial saving in area and power. We have also compared our techniques with other state-of-art techniques of variable ordering for OBDDs and found to give superior results.展开更多
Setting off from Lhasa we followed Lhasa River,passing through Chushur County,then,driving along the banks of the Yarlung Tsangpo River,we finally arrived at Nyemo Bridge.Next we headed northward and into a long valle...Setting off from Lhasa we followed Lhasa River,passing through Chushur County,then,driving along the banks of the Yarlung Tsangpo River,we finally arrived at Nyemo Bridge.Next we headed northward and into a long valley.Finally,we reached Nyemo County.Although it was not a big county,it looked much more prosperous than Palgon County.A large government office building greeted us in a main street offering shops,both big and small,as well as restaurants-which also caught our eye.Nevertheless,the wandering la...展开更多
文摘Under the further development of trade and economic globalization,the construction of free trade area provides a platform for local enterprises to"go out".In this context,the English translation of company names in Wuhan Pilot Free Trade Area is the basic guarantee for the company to further integrate into the international trade market.Based on the investigation of the current situation of translation of company names in Wuhan Area and the analysis of the problems in the translation,this paper puts forward some specific suggestions to improve the translation quality of company names.
文摘The Manaus Free Trade Area （ZFM） will end in 2023, but there is a proposal to amend the Brazilian Federal Constitution so that it lasts until 2073. From the understanding of discourse as a social practice, this paper is based on the analysis of 265 parliamentary pronouncements, 19 numbers of an institutional magazine, and 626 news texts from the most important local newspaper, all published between 2007 and 2010. It reveals a shift in the discourse about the ZFM, guided by ecological modernization. The industries are now presented as responsible for preserving the rainforest： it is said that if the tax incentives stop, there will be unemployment and deforestation. This tragic story line does not recognize the role of traditional peoples and communities in forest conservation and neither is open to the public debate about other models of development for the Amazon.
文摘From the present situation of worldwide flee-trade area and the new trend of reform and opening in China after 18 of the fifth plenary session, you can see that in domestic, the construction and development of free-trade area, taking regional core city as center, is economy transformation means under new normal economic environment, and new clues to improve the level of reform and opening. The establishments of free trade Area in Shanghai, Guangdong, Tianjin, Fujian provided references for establishing a free trade area of xi ＇ an under the background of the silk road economic belt construction. This article firstly analyzes the present domestic and foreign research situation and development trend; and then put forward the necessity of building Xi＇ an free trade area. Then discusses the Xi＇ an Silk Road economic belt free trade area construction strategy. Finally, in combination with the practical situation of Xi＇ an, it proposes path selection of Xi＇ an free trade area construction under the strategy of Silk Road economic belt.
文摘With the economic integration all over the world, it is necessary to establish the free trade area of central Asia, including Xinjiang. This paper analyses the demands on establishing free trade area in central Asia. According to the present statues of Xinjiang and five countries of central Asia, the developmental patterns are suggested. Furthermore, some policies and suggestions are proposed about the existing problems.
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘It has been five years since the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was first introduced. Though there has been a growing body of literature on regional cooperation between covered countries, Japan and South Korea have been barely discussed. This paper starts with the consensus-based mechanism of a China-Japan-South Korea Free Trade Area (FTA) to probe the approach of its alignment with the BRI in terms of the sequence of “master plans,”“viability of cooperation,” and “embedding of rules.” This inquiry found that the three countries have a shared interest in cooperation in Central Asia to which China prefers a pragmatic approach, while Japan and South Korea an approach combining idealism with pragmatism. Given the huge potential of cooperation between the trio, it is suggested that a “Central Asia chapter” be incorporated in the negotiation framework of this trilateral FTA, and that the design feature three aspects;fundamental principles, specific rules, and an executive body with a view to functionally contributing to regional trade integration in Asia. This approach may also be applied to the alignment of other Asian areas with the BRI.
文摘The current global financial and economic crisis is giving new life to initiatives that promote closer economic integration among East Asian countries. A significant example is the ASEAN- China Free Trade Area （.4 CFTA）, which is set to come into effect around 2010..4CFTA aims to boost trade between two economies that are partners as well as competitors： ASEAN and China. In the present paper, we use insights from customs union theory in a qualitative analysis considering whether,4CFTA would benefit both sides. We also apply a computable general equilibrium model to perform a quantitative analysis of the same issue. Both our qualitative and quantitative analyses provide grounds for guarded optimism regarding A CFTA ＇s prospects as a vehicle for strengthening the economic partnership between ASEAN and China.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(70603036)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSCX2-YW-N-039)
文摘This study aims to examine the impact of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area （CAFTA） on China＇s international agricultural trade and its regional agricultural development, using the Global Trade Analysis Project model and the China Agricultural Decision Support System. Our analysis showed that： （i） CAFTA will improve resource allocation efficiencies for both China and ASEAN and will promote bilateral agricultural trade and, hence, will have positive effects on the economic development of both sides; （ii） CAFTA will accelerate China＇s export of the agricultural commodities in which it has comparative advantages, such as vegetables, wheat and horticultural products, but at the same time bring about a large increase in imports of commodities such as vegetable oil and sugar; and （iii） CAFTA will have significantly varying impacts on China＇s regional agricultural development because of large differences in the agricultural production structure in each region. Our results indicate that agriculture in the northern, northeastern and eastern regions of China will benefit from CAFTA, whereas agriculture development in southern China will suffer. Those regional specific impacts are quite different from the effects brought by multilateral free trade treaties, such as those of the WTO, which usually have positive effects on south China but negative impacts on the northern and western parts of China.
基金The paper is a revised version based on the contribution to the APEC/ABAC/PECC Project on "The Feasibility of the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific" (2006).
文摘The Asia-Pacific Free Trade Area （FTAAP） has become a topic of focus since the proposal was first raised in 2004. The present paper considers China＇s policy towards the FTAAP from apolitical economy perspective by probing the gains, impediments and concerns for China, and makes judgments based on several possible scenarios. The author argues that from an economic perspective, China would benefit from joining the FTAAP both in a static and a dynamic manner because both its main trade partners and trade barriers in export markets are concentrated in the Asia-Pacific region. However, whether the Chinese Government is likely to support the initiative is largely dependent on certain crucial political and diplomatic elements, including the APEC approach, US-Chinese relations, quality of treaty, sensitive sectors, competitive proposal of alternative and membership of Chinese Taipei. Therefore, if the Chinese Government cannot ratify the ideology and terms of the initiative, or issues that are central to China＇s interests are not addressed, the FTAAP will only remain a proposal possessing economic possibility in the long run, without political feasibility in the near term.
文摘based on understanding both the political and economic factors affecting Japan’s start of the FTA process, make judgments on the possible Japan’s participation in China-Japan-ROK FTA and TPP negotiations. From traditional effect, Japan hopes through China-Japan- ROK FTA to achieve economic benefits from the rapid economic development in China and South Korea;but from non-traditional effect, considerations for dominance, national security and interests groups make Japan attach importance to TPP too. Because of possible prolonged islands disputes, politically, the China-Japan-ROK FTA is difficult. Japan may prioritize TPP if it has to make a choice between the two.
文摘Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) can be graphically manipulated to reduce the number of nodes and hence the area. In this context, ordering of BDDs play a major role. Most of the algorithms for input variable ordering of OBDD focus primarily on area minimization. However, suitable input variable ordering helps in minimizing the power consumption also. In this particular work, we have proposed two algorithms namely, a genetic algorithm based technique and a branch and bound algorithm to find an optimal input variable order. Of course, the node reordering is taken care of by the standard BDD package buddy-2.4. Moreover, we have evaluated the performances of the proposed algorithms by running an exhaustive search program. Experi-mental results show a substantial saving in area and power. We have also compared our techniques with other state-of-art techniques of variable ordering for OBDDs and found to give superior results.
文摘Setting off from Lhasa we followed Lhasa River,passing through Chushur County,then,driving along the banks of the Yarlung Tsangpo River,we finally arrived at Nyemo Bridge.Next we headed northward and into a long valley.Finally,we reached Nyemo County.Although it was not a big county,it looked much more prosperous than Palgon County.A large government office building greeted us in a main street offering shops,both big and small,as well as restaurants-which also caught our eye.Nevertheless,the wandering la...
