The continuous clinical and technological advances,together with the social,health and economic challenges that the global population faces,have created an environment where the evolution of the field of transplantati...The continuous clinical and technological advances,together with the social,health and economic challenges that the global population faces,have created an environment where the evolution of the field of transplantation is essentially necessary.The goal of this special issue is to provide a picture of the current status of transplantation in Greece as well as in many other countries in Europe and around the world.Authors from Greece and several other countries provide us with valuable insight into their respective areas of transplant expertise,with a main focus on the field of translational research and innovation.The papers that are part of this Special Issue“Translational Research and Innovation and the current status of Transplantation in Greece”have presented innovative and meaningful approaches in modern transplant research and practice.They provide us with a clear overview of the current landscape in transplantation,including liver transplantation in the context of a major pandemic,the evolution of living donor kidney transplantation or the evolution of the effect of hepatitis C virus infection in transplantation,while at the same time explore more recent challenges,such as the issue of frailty in the transplant candidate and the changes brought by newer treatments,such as immunotherapy,in transplant oncology.Additionally,they offer us a glimpse of the effect that technological innovations,such as virtual reality,can have on transplantation,both in terms of clinical and educational aspects.Just as critical is the fact that this Special Issue emphasizes the multidisciplinary,collaborative efforts currently taking place that link transplant research and innovation with other cutting-edge disciplines such as bioengineering,advanced information technology and artificial intelligence.In this Special Issue,in addition to the clinical and research evolution of the field of transplantation,we are witnessing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in medicine.展开更多
Peripheral nerve injuries remain a challenging problem in need of better treatment strategies.Despite best efforts at surgical reconstruction and postoperative rehabilitation,patients are often left with persistent,de...Peripheral nerve injuries remain a challenging problem in need of better treatment strategies.Despite best efforts at surgical reconstruction and postoperative rehabilitation,patients are often left with persistent,debilitating motor and sensory deficits.There are currently no therapeutic strategies proven to enhance the regenerative process in humans.A clinical need exists for the development of technologies to promote nerve regeneration and improve functional outcomes.Recent advances in the fields of tissue engineering and nanotechnology have enabled biomaterial scaffolds to modulate the host response to tissue repair through tailored mechanical,chemical,and conductive cues.New bioengineered approaches have enabled targeted,sustained delivery of protein therapeutics with the capacity to unlock the clinical potential of a myriad of neurotrophic growth factors that have demonstrated promise in enhancing regenerative outcomes.As such,further exploration of combinatory strategies leveraging these technological advances may offer a pathway towards clinically translatable solutions to advance the care of patients with peripheral nerve injuries.This review first presents the various emerging bioengineering strategies that can be applied for the management of nerve gap injuries.We cover the rationale and limitations for their use as an alternative to autografts,focusing on the approaches to increase the number of regenerating axons crossing the repair site,and facilitating their growth towards the distal stump.We also discuss the emerging growth factor-based therapeutic strategies designed to improve functional outcomes in a multimodal fashion,by accelerating axonal growth,improving the distal regenerative environment,and preventing end-organs atrophy.展开更多
THURSDAY,March 18 Pre-Conference Workshops"lntroduction to current issues in acupunclure research""ConsideratiOns for developing COllaboration research between AOM COlleges and conventionaI medicalinsti...THURSDAY,March 18 Pre-Conference Workshops"lntroduction to current issues in acupunclure research""ConsideratiOns for developing COllaboration research between AOM COlleges and conventionaI medicalinstitutions"展开更多
Rarely,scientific developments centered around the patient as a whole arepublished.Our multidisciplinary group,headed by gastrointestinal surgeons,applied this research philosophy considering the most important aspect...Rarely,scientific developments centered around the patient as a whole arepublished.Our multidisciplinary group,headed by gastrointestinal surgeons,applied this research philosophy considering the most important aspects of thediseases“colon-and rectal cancer”in the long-term developments.Good expertcooperation/knowledge at the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm(CCCU)wereapplied in several phase III trials for multimodal treatments of primary tumors(MMT)and metastatic diseases(involving nearly 2000 patients and 64 centers),fortreatment individualization of MMT and of metastatic disease,for psychooncology/quality of life involving the patients’wishes,and for disease prevention.Most of the targets initially were heavily rejected/discussed in thescientific communities,but now have become standards in treatments andnational guidelines or are topics in modern translational research protocolsinvolving molecular biology for e.g.,“patient centered individualized treatment”.In this context we also describe the paths we had to tread in order to realize ournew goals,which at the end were highly beneficial for the patients from manypoints of view.This description is also important for students and youngresearchers who,with an actual view on our recent developments,might want toknow how medical progress was achieved.展开更多
Essentially,the knowledge of science alone offers little utility.Without the ability to investigate,apply and communicate,science serves no purpose.That is not to undermine the importance of scientific knowledge,but t...Essentially,the knowledge of science alone offers little utility.Without the ability to investigate,apply and communicate,science serves no purpose.That is not to undermine the importance of scientific knowledge,but there currently exists a major flaw in our high school educational system that inhibits meaningful learning experiences for most students.Application of science in local high schools is展开更多
With the rapid growth of eye-tracking studies in translation process research, concomitant methodologicalproblems have become increasingly prominent. This paper starts with the discussion of the controversial “eye-mi...With the rapid growth of eye-tracking studies in translation process research, concomitant methodologicalproblems have become increasingly prominent. This paper starts with the discussion of the controversial “eye-mindassumption”, and then focuses on various threats to experimental validity in research design and problems witheye-tracking data filtering and analysis. It is hoped that this discussion would be beneficial to those who are now orwill be engaged in eye-tracking based translation studies.展开更多
With China's accession to the WTO and the integration of the global economy, the world is getting smaller and smaller. Translation on film and television drama subtitles plays a key role for cultural exchange. How...With China's accession to the WTO and the integration of the global economy, the world is getting smaller and smaller. Translation on film and television drama subtitles plays a key role for cultural exchange. However, the quality of film and television translation is uneven, and the exploration of film and television translation is imperative.Subtitle translation is a special type of language conversion. From the theory of relevance, this paper analyzes the film Forrest Gump as a case, and sums up some feasible subtitle translation strategies. This paper aims at using reasonable theory to guide the translation of film subtitles, and improving the quality of translation.This article is composed of five parts, the first part is mainly introducing. The second part is an introduction to the theory of relevance. The third part is the subtitles translation of Forrest Gump. The fourth part is about the translation of film subtitles from the theory of relevance. The fifth part is a summary.展开更多
The 3D cancer models fill the discovery gap of 2D cancer models and play an important role in cancer research.In addition to cancer cells,a range of other factors include the stroma,density and composition of extracel...The 3D cancer models fill the discovery gap of 2D cancer models and play an important role in cancer research.In addition to cancer cells,a range of other factors include the stroma,density and composition of extracellular matrix,cancer-associated immune cells(e.g.,cancer-associated fibroblasts cancer cell-stroma interactions and subsequent interactions,and a number of other factors(e.g.,tumor vasculature and tumor-like microenvironment in vivo)has been widely ignored in the 2D concept of culture.Despite this knowledge,the continued use of monolayer cell culture methods has led to the failure of a series of clinical trials.This review discusses the immense importance of tumor microenvironment(TME)recapitulation in cancer research,prioritizing the individual roles of TME elements in cancer histopathology.The TME provided by the 3D model fulfills the requirements of in vivo spatiotemporal arrangement,components,and is helpful in analyzing various different aspects of drug sensitivity in preclinical and clinical trials,some of which are discussed here.Furthermore,it discusses models for the co-assembly of different TME elements in vitro and focuses on their synergistic function and responsiveness as tumors.Furthermore,this review broadly describes of a handful of recently developed 3D models whose main focus is limited to drug development and their screening and/or the impact of this approach in preclinical and translational research.展开更多
Animal models are live subjects applied to translational research.They provide insights into human diseases and enhance biomedical knowledge.Livestock development has favored the pace of human social development over ...Animal models are live subjects applied to translational research.They provide insights into human diseases and enhance biomedical knowledge.Livestock development has favored the pace of human social development over millennia.Today's society is more aware of animal welfare than past generations.The general public has marked objections to animal research and many species are falling into disuse.The search for an ideal methodology to replace animal use is on,but animal modeling still holds great importance to human health.Bone research,in particular,has unmet requirements that in vitro technologies cannot fully address.Standardizing novel models remains necessary and rabbits are gaining in popularity as potential bone models.Our aim here is to provide a broad overview of animal modeling and its ethical implications,followed by a narrower focus on bone research and the role rabbits are playing in the current scenario.展开更多
Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)have become a significant threat to an aging human society.Numerous studies have been conducted in the past decades to clarify their pathologic mechanisms and search for reliable biomark...Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)have become a significant threat to an aging human society.Numerous studies have been conducted in the past decades to clarify their pathologic mechanisms and search for reliable biomarkers.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is a powerful tool for investigating structural and functional brain alterations in NDs.With the advantages of being non-invasive and non-radioactive,it has been frequently used in both animal research and large-scale clinical investigations.MRI may serve as a bridge connecting micro-and macro-level analysis and promoting bench-to-bed translational research.Nevertheless,due to the abundance and complexity of MRI techniques,exploiting their potential is not always straightforward.This review aims to briefly introduce research progress in clinical imaging studies and discuss possible strategies for applying MRI in translational ND research.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a serious condition in which trauma to the head causes damage to the brain,leading to a disruption in brain function.This is a significant health issue worldwide,with around 69 million pe...Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a serious condition in which trauma to the head causes damage to the brain,leading to a disruption in brain function.This is a significant health issue worldwide,with around 69 million people suffering from TBI each year.Immediately following the trauma,damage occurs in the acute phase of injury that leads to the primary outcomes of the TBI.In the hours-to-days that follow,secondary damage can also occur,leading to chronic outcomes.TBIs can range in severity from mild to severe,and can be complicated by the fact that some individuals sustain multiple TBIs,a risk factor for worse long-term outcomes.Although our knowledge about the pathophysiology of TBI has increased in recent years,unfortunately this has not been translated into effective clinical therapies.The U.S.Food and Drug Administration has yet to approve any drugs for the treatment of TBI;current clinical treatment guidelines merely offer supportive care.Outcomes between individuals greatly vary,which makes the treatment for TBI so challenging.A blow of similar force can have only mild,primary outcomes in one individual and yet cause severe,chronic outcomes in another.One of the reasons that have been proposed for this differential response to TBI is the underlying genetic differences across the population.Due to this,many researchers have begun to investigate the possibility of using precision medicine techniques to address TBI treatment.In this review,we will discuss the research detailing the identification of genetic risk factors for worse outcomes after TBI,and the work investigating personalized treatments for these higher-risk individuals.We highlight the need for further research into the identification of higher-risk individuals and the development of personalized therapies for TBI.展开更多
Welcome to the journal of Burns & Trauma launched in 2013 and published by the prestigious Wolters Kluwer Health. We are grateful to promote a cultural challenge toward a new horizon in the field of translational ...Welcome to the journal of Burns & Trauma launched in 2013 and published by the prestigious Wolters Kluwer Health. We are grateful to promote a cultural challenge toward a new horizon in the field of translational research (TR). We enjoy to work together with the common objective to perform continuous medical education programs, exploring the methods in research, designing study, and to improve multidisciplinary and multiprofessional collaboration in the basic sciences and in the clinical trials. Defined narrowly, epistemology is the study of knowledge and justified belief. Epistemology is concerned with the following questions: What are the necessary and sufficient conditions of knowledge? What are its sources? What is its structure and what are its limits? More broadly, epistemology is about issues having to do with the creation and dissemination of knowledge in particular areas of inquiry as defined and revisiting at the beginning of the last decades. Translational medicine (TM) should meet the demands to maintain or expanding the biomedical workforce and education programs that attract and retain young people in the translational and biomedical sciences. With this present contributes, we invite the members of the editorial board of Burns & Trauma to encourage submitting, in a special section, their personal experience about the philosophy of "Translation research." If this has a chance, welcome to the researchers, clinicians, and the allied people for their decisive contributions to strengthen the importance of a common way about the principles and methods of basic and clinical research. TR and TM represent a dynamic entity making a link, a sort of bridge, "from bench to bedside", or from laboratory experiments through clinical trials to point-of-care patient applications. Epistemological pluralism is a critical point for conducting innovative, collaborative research which can lead to more successful integrated and successfully study, particularly important in the field of burns and trauma.展开更多
Occupational exposure to whole-body vibration is associated with the develop-ment of musculoskeletal,neurological,and other ailments.Low back pain and other spine disorders are prevalent among those exposed to whole-b...Occupational exposure to whole-body vibration is associated with the develop-ment of musculoskeletal,neurological,and other ailments.Low back pain and other spine disorders are prevalent among those exposed to whole-body vibration in occupational and military settings.Although standards for limiting exposure to whole-body vibration have been in place for decades,there is a lack of understanding of whole-body vibration-associated risks among safety and healthcare profession-als.Consequently,disorders associated with whole-body vibration exposure remain prevalent in the workforce and military.The relationship between whole-body vibra-tion and low back pain in humans has been established largely through cohort stud-ies,for which vibration inputs that lead to symptoms are rarely,if ever,quantified.This gap in knowledge highlights the need for the development of relevant in vivo,ex vivo,and in vitro models to study such pathologies.The parameters of vibrational stimuli(eg,frequency and direction)play critical roles in such pathologies,but the specific cause-and-effect relationships between whole-body vibration and spinal pa-thologies remain mostly unknown.This paper provides a summary of whole-body vibration parameters;reviews in vivo,ex vivo,and in vitro models for spinal patholo-gies resulting from whole-body vibration;and offers suggestions to address the gaps in translating injury biomechanics data to inform clinical practice.展开更多
Non-human primates play a key role in the preclinical validation of pluripotent stem cell-based cell replacement therapies.Pluripotent stem cells used as advanced therapy medical products boost the possibility to rege...Non-human primates play a key role in the preclinical validation of pluripotent stem cell-based cell replacement therapies.Pluripotent stem cells used as advanced therapy medical products boost the possibility to regenerate tissues and organs affected by degenerative diseases.Therefore,the methods to derive human induced pluripotent stem cell and embryonic stem cell lines following clinical standards have quickly developed in the last 15 years.For the preclinical validation of cell replacement therapies in non-human primates,it is necessary to generate non-human primate pluripotent stem cell with a homologous quality to their human counterparts.However,pluripotent stem cell technologies have developed at a slower pace in non-human primates in comparison with human cell systems.In recent years,however,relevant progress has also been made with non-human primate pluripotent stem cells.This review provides a systematic overview of the progress and remaining challenges for the generation of non-human primate induced pluripotent stem cells/embryonic stem cells for the preclinical testing and validation of cell replacement therapies.We focus on the critical domains of(1)reprogramming and embryonic stem cell line derivation,(2)cell line maintenance and characterization and,(3)application of non-human primate pluripotent stem cells in the context of selected preclinical studies to treat cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders performed in non-human primates.展开更多
Digital Pathology is becoming more and more important to achieve the goal of precision medicine.Advances in whole-slide imaging,software integration,and the accessibility of storage solutions have changed the patholog...Digital Pathology is becoming more and more important to achieve the goal of precision medicine.Advances in whole-slide imaging,software integration,and the accessibility of storage solutions have changed the pathologists’clinical practice,not only in terms of laboratory workflow but also for diagnosis and biomarkers analysis.In parallel with the pathology setting advancement,translational medicine is approaching the unprecedented opportunities unrevealed by artificial intelligence(AI).Indeed,the increased usage of biobanks’datasets in research provided new challenges for AI applications,such as advanced algorithms,and computer-aided techniques.In this scenario,machine learning-based approaches are being propose in order to improve biobanks from biospecimens collection repositories to computational datasets.To date,evidence on how to implement digital biobanks in translational medicine is still lacking.This viewpoint article summarizes the currently available literature that supports the biobanks’role in the digital pathology era,and to provide possible practical applications of digital biobanks.展开更多
Although first-generation drug-eluting stents(DES)have markedly reduced restenosis,complications of late and very late in-stent thrombosis have emerged as prime limitations to this technology.The development of new DE...Although first-generation drug-eluting stents(DES)have markedly reduced restenosis,complications of late and very late in-stent thrombosis have emerged as prime limitations to this technology.The development of new DES is a key process to prevent these complications.Translational research plays a very important role in experiments which determine the safety and efficacy of DES before human clinical trials.The present review focuses on translational research of novel DES,including drug discovery,creation of preclinical research models,planning and conducting of first-in-man studies,and developing next-generation DES systems.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a highly heterogeneous disease,and the identification of molecular subtyping of gastric adenocarcinoma emerged as a promising option to define therapeutic strategies and prognostic subg...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a highly heterogeneous disease,and the identification of molecular subtyping of gastric adenocarcinoma emerged as a promising option to define therapeutic strategies and prognostic subgroups.However,the costs and technical complexity of molecular methodologies remains an obstacle to its adoption,and their clinical significance by other approaches needs further evidence.AIM To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics and long-term survival of GC based on the subgroups of molecular classification by immunohistochemistry(IHC)and in situ hybridization(ISH).METHODS We retrospectively evaluated all patients who underwent D2-gastrectomy between 2009 and 2016 in a Western cohort of GC patients treated with curative intent.Microsatellite instability(MSI)status,E-cadherin,and p53 expression were analyzed by IHC,and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)by ISH.Tissue microarrays were constructed for analysis.Clinicopathological characteristics and survival of GC were evaluated according to subtypes defined by The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)Research Network Group and Asian Cancer Research Group(ACRG)classification systems.RESULTS A total of 287 GC patients were included.Based on IHC and ISH analysis,five profiles were defined as follows:E-cadherin aberrant(9.1%),MSI(20.9%),p53 aberrant(36.6%),EBV positivity(10.5%),and p53 normal(31%),which corresponded to tumors that showed no alteration in another profile.A flowchart according to the TCGA and ACRG classifications were used to define the subtypes,where clinical and pathological characteristics associated with GC subtypes were evidenced.Proximal location(P<0.001),total gastrectomy(P=0.001),and intense inflammatory infiltrate(P<0.001)were characteristics related to EBV subtype.MSI subtype was predominantly associated with advanced age(P=0.017)and the presence of comorbidities(P=0.011).While Laurén diffuse type(P<0.001)and advanced stage(P=0.029)were related to genomically stable(GS)subtype.GS tumors and microsatellite stable/epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotype subtype had worse disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)than other subtypes.Conversely,MSI subtype of GC had better survival in both classifications.Type of gastrectomy,pT and the TCGA subtypes were independent factors associated to DFS and OS.CONCLUSION The IHC/ISH analysis was able to distinguish immunophenotypic groups of GC with distinct characteristics and prognosis,resembling the subtypes of the molecular classifications.Accordingly,this method of classification may represent a viable option for use in a clinical setting.展开更多
Cancer cachexia and treatment-induced side effects can contribute to deterioration in nutritional status in patients declining the quality of life and survival rates. Culinary practices may provide new strategies to m...Cancer cachexia and treatment-induced side effects can contribute to deterioration in nutritional status in patients declining the quality of life and survival rates. Culinary practices may provide new strategies to minimize the symptoms. NEODIA (learning to live with a cancer on a day-to-day basis) is an observational program whose objective is to better understand the occurrence of treatment-related side effects as well as culinary and dietary habits in cancer patients followed in the Cancer Unit of the Beauvais City Hospital, France. First study step in 2010 has investigated culinary solutions to improve the quality of life of the patient at home. The present part tries in particular to answer the question if the culinary advising is transposable to the offer of restoration proposed by institutions of care in oncology. We first conducted an investigation on the determinants of quality of life in patients currently treated in a hospital service involving 41 people. In a second step, we are collecting information on the food supply itself, using advising of some patient’s specially prepared to test meals as a translational research expertise. The results of our survey show that patient’s remarks constitute real guidelines to adapt the practices in culinary production and healthy catering management. Based on these results, the consistency of frozen prepared meals has been analyzed regarding their potential to regulate the under nutrition-inducing treatment-related side effects. Conducted by the patient’s panel of the translational research group the study highlights the benefits of agro-food products and margins of progress.展开更多
Purpose–According to the Indian Sign Language Research and Training Centre(ISLRTC),India has approximately 300 certified human interpreters to help people with hearing loss.This paper aims to address the issue of Ind...Purpose–According to the Indian Sign Language Research and Training Centre(ISLRTC),India has approximately 300 certified human interpreters to help people with hearing loss.This paper aims to address the issue of Indian Sign Language(ISL)sentence recognition and translation into semantically equivalent English text in a signer-independent mode.Design/methodology/approach–This study presents an approach that translates ISL sentences into English text using the MobileNetV2 model and Neural Machine Translation(NMT).The authors have created an ISL corpus from the Brown corpus using ISL grammar rules to perform machine translation.The authors’approach converts ISL videos of the newly created dataset into ISL gloss sequences using the MobileNetV2 model and the recognized ISL gloss sequence is then fed to a machine translation module that generates an English sentence for each ISL sentence.Findings–As per the experimental results,pretrained MobileNetV2 model was proven the best-suited model for the recognition of ISL sentences and NMT provided better results than Statistical Machine Translation(SMT)to convert ISL text into English text.The automatic and human evaluation of the proposed approach yielded accuracies of 83.3 and 86.1%,respectively.Research limitations/implications–It can be seen that the neural machine translation systems produced translations with repetitions of other translated words,strange translations when the total number of words per sentence is increased and one or more unexpected terms that had no relation to the source text on occasion.The most common type of error is the mistranslation of places,numbers and dates.Although this has little effect on the overall structure of the translated sentence,it indicates that the embedding learned for these few words could be improved.Originality/value–Sign language recognition and translation is a crucial step toward improving communication between the deaf and the rest of society.Because of the shortage of human interpreters,an alternative approach is desired to help people achieve smooth communication with the Deaf.To motivate research in this field,the authors generated an ISL corpus of 13,720 sentences and a video dataset of 47,880 ISL videos.As there is no public dataset available for ISl videos incorporating signs released by ISLRTC,the authors created a new video dataset and ISL corpus.展开更多
Translational medicine in neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases is approaching a breakthrough point.Recent years have led to dramatic progress in both experimental and clinical research.Based on a much better a...Translational medicine in neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases is approaching a breakthrough point.Recent years have led to dramatic progress in both experimental and clinical research.Based on a much better and continuously increasing understanding of disease mechanisms,progression and pathophysiology,new therapies with an improved translational potential to protect tissue either against acute or chronic degeneration and even approaches potentially capable of repairing damaged brain tissue are emerging.展开更多
文摘The continuous clinical and technological advances,together with the social,health and economic challenges that the global population faces,have created an environment where the evolution of the field of transplantation is essentially necessary.The goal of this special issue is to provide a picture of the current status of transplantation in Greece as well as in many other countries in Europe and around the world.Authors from Greece and several other countries provide us with valuable insight into their respective areas of transplant expertise,with a main focus on the field of translational research and innovation.The papers that are part of this Special Issue“Translational Research and Innovation and the current status of Transplantation in Greece”have presented innovative and meaningful approaches in modern transplant research and practice.They provide us with a clear overview of the current landscape in transplantation,including liver transplantation in the context of a major pandemic,the evolution of living donor kidney transplantation or the evolution of the effect of hepatitis C virus infection in transplantation,while at the same time explore more recent challenges,such as the issue of frailty in the transplant candidate and the changes brought by newer treatments,such as immunotherapy,in transplant oncology.Additionally,they offer us a glimpse of the effect that technological innovations,such as virtual reality,can have on transplantation,both in terms of clinical and educational aspects.Just as critical is the fact that this Special Issue emphasizes the multidisciplinary,collaborative efforts currently taking place that link transplant research and innovation with other cutting-edge disciplines such as bioengineering,advanced information technology and artificial intelligence.In this Special Issue,in addition to the clinical and research evolution of the field of transplantation,we are witnessing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in medicine.
基金supported by The Plastic Surgery Foundation Research Pilot Grant,No.627383(to KAS).
文摘Peripheral nerve injuries remain a challenging problem in need of better treatment strategies.Despite best efforts at surgical reconstruction and postoperative rehabilitation,patients are often left with persistent,debilitating motor and sensory deficits.There are currently no therapeutic strategies proven to enhance the regenerative process in humans.A clinical need exists for the development of technologies to promote nerve regeneration and improve functional outcomes.Recent advances in the fields of tissue engineering and nanotechnology have enabled biomaterial scaffolds to modulate the host response to tissue repair through tailored mechanical,chemical,and conductive cues.New bioengineered approaches have enabled targeted,sustained delivery of protein therapeutics with the capacity to unlock the clinical potential of a myriad of neurotrophic growth factors that have demonstrated promise in enhancing regenerative outcomes.As such,further exploration of combinatory strategies leveraging these technological advances may offer a pathway towards clinically translatable solutions to advance the care of patients with peripheral nerve injuries.This review first presents the various emerging bioengineering strategies that can be applied for the management of nerve gap injuries.We cover the rationale and limitations for their use as an alternative to autografts,focusing on the approaches to increase the number of regenerating axons crossing the repair site,and facilitating their growth towards the distal stump.We also discuss the emerging growth factor-based therapeutic strategies designed to improve functional outcomes in a multimodal fashion,by accelerating axonal growth,improving the distal regenerative environment,and preventing end-organs atrophy.
文摘THURSDAY,March 18 Pre-Conference Workshops"lntroduction to current issues in acupunclure research""ConsideratiOns for developing COllaboration research between AOM COlleges and conventionaI medicalinstitutions"
文摘Rarely,scientific developments centered around the patient as a whole arepublished.Our multidisciplinary group,headed by gastrointestinal surgeons,applied this research philosophy considering the most important aspects of thediseases“colon-and rectal cancer”in the long-term developments.Good expertcooperation/knowledge at the Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm(CCCU)wereapplied in several phase III trials for multimodal treatments of primary tumors(MMT)and metastatic diseases(involving nearly 2000 patients and 64 centers),fortreatment individualization of MMT and of metastatic disease,for psychooncology/quality of life involving the patients’wishes,and for disease prevention.Most of the targets initially were heavily rejected/discussed in thescientific communities,but now have become standards in treatments andnational guidelines or are topics in modern translational research protocolsinvolving molecular biology for e.g.,“patient centered individualized treatment”.In this context we also describe the paths we had to tread in order to realize ournew goals,which at the end were highly beneficial for the patients from manypoints of view.This description is also important for students and youngresearchers who,with an actual view on our recent developments,might want toknow how medical progress was achieved.
文摘Essentially,the knowledge of science alone offers little utility.Without the ability to investigate,apply and communicate,science serves no purpose.That is not to undermine the importance of scientific knowledge,but there currently exists a major flaw in our high school educational system that inhibits meaningful learning experiences for most students.Application of science in local high schools is
文摘With the rapid growth of eye-tracking studies in translation process research, concomitant methodologicalproblems have become increasingly prominent. This paper starts with the discussion of the controversial “eye-mindassumption”, and then focuses on various threats to experimental validity in research design and problems witheye-tracking data filtering and analysis. It is hoped that this discussion would be beneficial to those who are now orwill be engaged in eye-tracking based translation studies.
文摘With China's accession to the WTO and the integration of the global economy, the world is getting smaller and smaller. Translation on film and television drama subtitles plays a key role for cultural exchange. However, the quality of film and television translation is uneven, and the exploration of film and television translation is imperative.Subtitle translation is a special type of language conversion. From the theory of relevance, this paper analyzes the film Forrest Gump as a case, and sums up some feasible subtitle translation strategies. This paper aims at using reasonable theory to guide the translation of film subtitles, and improving the quality of translation.This article is composed of five parts, the first part is mainly introducing. The second part is an introduction to the theory of relevance. The third part is the subtitles translation of Forrest Gump. The fourth part is about the translation of film subtitles from the theory of relevance. The fifth part is a summary.
基金MHRD,Grant/Award Number:MHRD IMPRINT(4291)SERB,Grant/Award Number:CRG/2020/005069+1 种基金Indian Institute of Technology,Hyderabad,Grant/Award Number:IITH/BME/SOCH3Ministry of Education,Grant/Award Number:MoE-STARS/2023/0640。
文摘The 3D cancer models fill the discovery gap of 2D cancer models and play an important role in cancer research.In addition to cancer cells,a range of other factors include the stroma,density and composition of extracellular matrix,cancer-associated immune cells(e.g.,cancer-associated fibroblasts cancer cell-stroma interactions and subsequent interactions,and a number of other factors(e.g.,tumor vasculature and tumor-like microenvironment in vivo)has been widely ignored in the 2D concept of culture.Despite this knowledge,the continued use of monolayer cell culture methods has led to the failure of a series of clinical trials.This review discusses the immense importance of tumor microenvironment(TME)recapitulation in cancer research,prioritizing the individual roles of TME elements in cancer histopathology.The TME provided by the 3D model fulfills the requirements of in vivo spatiotemporal arrangement,components,and is helpful in analyzing various different aspects of drug sensitivity in preclinical and clinical trials,some of which are discussed here.Furthermore,it discusses models for the co-assembly of different TME elements in vitro and focuses on their synergistic function and responsiveness as tumors.Furthermore,this review broadly describes of a handful of recently developed 3D models whose main focus is limited to drug development and their screening and/or the impact of this approach in preclinical and translational research.
文摘Animal models are live subjects applied to translational research.They provide insights into human diseases and enhance biomedical knowledge.Livestock development has favored the pace of human social development over millennia.Today's society is more aware of animal welfare than past generations.The general public has marked objections to animal research and many species are falling into disuse.The search for an ideal methodology to replace animal use is on,but animal modeling still holds great importance to human health.Bone research,in particular,has unmet requirements that in vitro technologies cannot fully address.Standardizing novel models remains necessary and rabbits are gaining in popularity as potential bone models.Our aim here is to provide a broad overview of animal modeling and its ethical implications,followed by a narrower focus on bone research and the role rabbits are playing in the current scenario.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81971577 and 81771820)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LSZ19H180001)the 13th Five-year Plan for National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1306600).
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)have become a significant threat to an aging human society.Numerous studies have been conducted in the past decades to clarify their pathologic mechanisms and search for reliable biomarkers.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is a powerful tool for investigating structural and functional brain alterations in NDs.With the advantages of being non-invasive and non-radioactive,it has been frequently used in both animal research and large-scale clinical investigations.MRI may serve as a bridge connecting micro-and macro-level analysis and promoting bench-to-bed translational research.Nevertheless,due to the abundance and complexity of MRI techniques,exploiting their potential is not always straightforward.This review aims to briefly introduce research progress in clinical imaging studies and discuss possible strategies for applying MRI in translational ND research.
基金supported by a grant from the New Jersey Commission on Brain Injury Research(No.CBIR16FEL009).
文摘Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a serious condition in which trauma to the head causes damage to the brain,leading to a disruption in brain function.This is a significant health issue worldwide,with around 69 million people suffering from TBI each year.Immediately following the trauma,damage occurs in the acute phase of injury that leads to the primary outcomes of the TBI.In the hours-to-days that follow,secondary damage can also occur,leading to chronic outcomes.TBIs can range in severity from mild to severe,and can be complicated by the fact that some individuals sustain multiple TBIs,a risk factor for worse long-term outcomes.Although our knowledge about the pathophysiology of TBI has increased in recent years,unfortunately this has not been translated into effective clinical therapies.The U.S.Food and Drug Administration has yet to approve any drugs for the treatment of TBI;current clinical treatment guidelines merely offer supportive care.Outcomes between individuals greatly vary,which makes the treatment for TBI so challenging.A blow of similar force can have only mild,primary outcomes in one individual and yet cause severe,chronic outcomes in another.One of the reasons that have been proposed for this differential response to TBI is the underlying genetic differences across the population.Due to this,many researchers have begun to investigate the possibility of using precision medicine techniques to address TBI treatment.In this review,we will discuss the research detailing the identification of genetic risk factors for worse outcomes after TBI,and the work investigating personalized treatments for these higher-risk individuals.We highlight the need for further research into the identification of higher-risk individuals and the development of personalized therapies for TBI.
文摘Welcome to the journal of Burns & Trauma launched in 2013 and published by the prestigious Wolters Kluwer Health. We are grateful to promote a cultural challenge toward a new horizon in the field of translational research (TR). We enjoy to work together with the common objective to perform continuous medical education programs, exploring the methods in research, designing study, and to improve multidisciplinary and multiprofessional collaboration in the basic sciences and in the clinical trials. Defined narrowly, epistemology is the study of knowledge and justified belief. Epistemology is concerned with the following questions: What are the necessary and sufficient conditions of knowledge? What are its sources? What is its structure and what are its limits? More broadly, epistemology is about issues having to do with the creation and dissemination of knowledge in particular areas of inquiry as defined and revisiting at the beginning of the last decades. Translational medicine (TM) should meet the demands to maintain or expanding the biomedical workforce and education programs that attract and retain young people in the translational and biomedical sciences. With this present contributes, we invite the members of the editorial board of Burns & Trauma to encourage submitting, in a special section, their personal experience about the philosophy of "Translation research." If this has a chance, welcome to the researchers, clinicians, and the allied people for their decisive contributions to strengthen the importance of a common way about the principles and methods of basic and clinical research. TR and TM represent a dynamic entity making a link, a sort of bridge, "from bench to bedside", or from laboratory experiments through clinical trials to point-of-care patient applications. Epistemological pluralism is a critical point for conducting innovative, collaborative research which can lead to more successful integrated and successfully study, particularly important in the field of burns and trauma.
基金Engineer Research and Development Center,Grant/Award Number:W912HZ-17-C-0021。
文摘Occupational exposure to whole-body vibration is associated with the develop-ment of musculoskeletal,neurological,and other ailments.Low back pain and other spine disorders are prevalent among those exposed to whole-body vibration in occupational and military settings.Although standards for limiting exposure to whole-body vibration have been in place for decades,there is a lack of understanding of whole-body vibration-associated risks among safety and healthcare profession-als.Consequently,disorders associated with whole-body vibration exposure remain prevalent in the workforce and military.The relationship between whole-body vibra-tion and low back pain in humans has been established largely through cohort stud-ies,for which vibration inputs that lead to symptoms are rarely,if ever,quantified.This gap in knowledge highlights the need for the development of relevant in vivo,ex vivo,and in vitro models to study such pathologies.The parameters of vibrational stimuli(eg,frequency and direction)play critical roles in such pathologies,but the specific cause-and-effect relationships between whole-body vibration and spinal pa-thologies remain mostly unknown.This paper provides a summary of whole-body vibration parameters;reviews in vivo,ex vivo,and in vitro models for spinal patholo-gies resulting from whole-body vibration;and offers suggestions to address the gaps in translating injury biomechanics data to inform clinical practice.
基金supported by the German Centre for Cardiovascular Research(DZHK)the German Primate Center-Leibniz Institute for Primate Research,which is financed by the Bundesrepublik Deutschland and the Bundesländer(Federal states)(Grant number 81Z0300201 to RB).
文摘Non-human primates play a key role in the preclinical validation of pluripotent stem cell-based cell replacement therapies.Pluripotent stem cells used as advanced therapy medical products boost the possibility to regenerate tissues and organs affected by degenerative diseases.Therefore,the methods to derive human induced pluripotent stem cell and embryonic stem cell lines following clinical standards have quickly developed in the last 15 years.For the preclinical validation of cell replacement therapies in non-human primates,it is necessary to generate non-human primate pluripotent stem cell with a homologous quality to their human counterparts.However,pluripotent stem cell technologies have developed at a slower pace in non-human primates in comparison with human cell systems.In recent years,however,relevant progress has also been made with non-human primate pluripotent stem cells.This review provides a systematic overview of the progress and remaining challenges for the generation of non-human primate induced pluripotent stem cells/embryonic stem cells for the preclinical testing and validation of cell replacement therapies.We focus on the critical domains of(1)reprogramming and embryonic stem cell line derivation,(2)cell line maintenance and characterization and,(3)application of non-human primate pluripotent stem cells in the context of selected preclinical studies to treat cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders performed in non-human primates.
文摘Digital Pathology is becoming more and more important to achieve the goal of precision medicine.Advances in whole-slide imaging,software integration,and the accessibility of storage solutions have changed the pathologists’clinical practice,not only in terms of laboratory workflow but also for diagnosis and biomarkers analysis.In parallel with the pathology setting advancement,translational medicine is approaching the unprecedented opportunities unrevealed by artificial intelligence(AI).Indeed,the increased usage of biobanks’datasets in research provided new challenges for AI applications,such as advanced algorithms,and computer-aided techniques.In this scenario,machine learning-based approaches are being propose in order to improve biobanks from biospecimens collection repositories to computational datasets.To date,evidence on how to implement digital biobanks in translational medicine is still lacking.This viewpoint article summarizes the currently available literature that supports the biobanks’role in the digital pathology era,and to provide possible practical applications of digital biobanks.
文摘Although first-generation drug-eluting stents(DES)have markedly reduced restenosis,complications of late and very late in-stent thrombosis have emerged as prime limitations to this technology.The development of new DES is a key process to prevent these complications.Translational research plays a very important role in experiments which determine the safety and efficacy of DES before human clinical trials.The present review focuses on translational research of novel DES,including drug discovery,creation of preclinical research models,planning and conducting of first-in-man studies,and developing next-generation DES systems.
基金Supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo(FAPESP agency),No.2016/25524-0.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric cancer(GC)is a highly heterogeneous disease,and the identification of molecular subtyping of gastric adenocarcinoma emerged as a promising option to define therapeutic strategies and prognostic subgroups.However,the costs and technical complexity of molecular methodologies remains an obstacle to its adoption,and their clinical significance by other approaches needs further evidence.AIM To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics and long-term survival of GC based on the subgroups of molecular classification by immunohistochemistry(IHC)and in situ hybridization(ISH).METHODS We retrospectively evaluated all patients who underwent D2-gastrectomy between 2009 and 2016 in a Western cohort of GC patients treated with curative intent.Microsatellite instability(MSI)status,E-cadherin,and p53 expression were analyzed by IHC,and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)by ISH.Tissue microarrays were constructed for analysis.Clinicopathological characteristics and survival of GC were evaluated according to subtypes defined by The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)Research Network Group and Asian Cancer Research Group(ACRG)classification systems.RESULTS A total of 287 GC patients were included.Based on IHC and ISH analysis,five profiles were defined as follows:E-cadherin aberrant(9.1%),MSI(20.9%),p53 aberrant(36.6%),EBV positivity(10.5%),and p53 normal(31%),which corresponded to tumors that showed no alteration in another profile.A flowchart according to the TCGA and ACRG classifications were used to define the subtypes,where clinical and pathological characteristics associated with GC subtypes were evidenced.Proximal location(P<0.001),total gastrectomy(P=0.001),and intense inflammatory infiltrate(P<0.001)were characteristics related to EBV subtype.MSI subtype was predominantly associated with advanced age(P=0.017)and the presence of comorbidities(P=0.011).While Laurén diffuse type(P<0.001)and advanced stage(P=0.029)were related to genomically stable(GS)subtype.GS tumors and microsatellite stable/epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenotype subtype had worse disease-free survival(DFS)and overall survival(OS)than other subtypes.Conversely,MSI subtype of GC had better survival in both classifications.Type of gastrectomy,pT and the TCGA subtypes were independent factors associated to DFS and OS.CONCLUSION The IHC/ISH analysis was able to distinguish immunophenotypic groups of GC with distinct characteristics and prognosis,resembling the subtypes of the molecular classifications.Accordingly,this method of classification may represent a viable option for use in a clinical setting.
文摘Cancer cachexia and treatment-induced side effects can contribute to deterioration in nutritional status in patients declining the quality of life and survival rates. Culinary practices may provide new strategies to minimize the symptoms. NEODIA (learning to live with a cancer on a day-to-day basis) is an observational program whose objective is to better understand the occurrence of treatment-related side effects as well as culinary and dietary habits in cancer patients followed in the Cancer Unit of the Beauvais City Hospital, France. First study step in 2010 has investigated culinary solutions to improve the quality of life of the patient at home. The present part tries in particular to answer the question if the culinary advising is transposable to the offer of restoration proposed by institutions of care in oncology. We first conducted an investigation on the determinants of quality of life in patients currently treated in a hospital service involving 41 people. In a second step, we are collecting information on the food supply itself, using advising of some patient’s specially prepared to test meals as a translational research expertise. The results of our survey show that patient’s remarks constitute real guidelines to adapt the practices in culinary production and healthy catering management. Based on these results, the consistency of frozen prepared meals has been analyzed regarding their potential to regulate the under nutrition-inducing treatment-related side effects. Conducted by the patient’s panel of the translational research group the study highlights the benefits of agro-food products and margins of progress.
文摘Purpose–According to the Indian Sign Language Research and Training Centre(ISLRTC),India has approximately 300 certified human interpreters to help people with hearing loss.This paper aims to address the issue of Indian Sign Language(ISL)sentence recognition and translation into semantically equivalent English text in a signer-independent mode.Design/methodology/approach–This study presents an approach that translates ISL sentences into English text using the MobileNetV2 model and Neural Machine Translation(NMT).The authors have created an ISL corpus from the Brown corpus using ISL grammar rules to perform machine translation.The authors’approach converts ISL videos of the newly created dataset into ISL gloss sequences using the MobileNetV2 model and the recognized ISL gloss sequence is then fed to a machine translation module that generates an English sentence for each ISL sentence.Findings–As per the experimental results,pretrained MobileNetV2 model was proven the best-suited model for the recognition of ISL sentences and NMT provided better results than Statistical Machine Translation(SMT)to convert ISL text into English text.The automatic and human evaluation of the proposed approach yielded accuracies of 83.3 and 86.1%,respectively.Research limitations/implications–It can be seen that the neural machine translation systems produced translations with repetitions of other translated words,strange translations when the total number of words per sentence is increased and one or more unexpected terms that had no relation to the source text on occasion.The most common type of error is the mistranslation of places,numbers and dates.Although this has little effect on the overall structure of the translated sentence,it indicates that the embedding learned for these few words could be improved.Originality/value–Sign language recognition and translation is a crucial step toward improving communication between the deaf and the rest of society.Because of the shortage of human interpreters,an alternative approach is desired to help people achieve smooth communication with the Deaf.To motivate research in this field,the authors generated an ISL corpus of 13,720 sentences and a video dataset of 47,880 ISL videos.As there is no public dataset available for ISl videos incorporating signs released by ISLRTC,the authors created a new video dataset and ISL corpus.
基金Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro,Grant/Award Numbers:202.751/2018,210.825/2021,201.460/2022National Institute of Health,Grant/Award Number:NIH/NINDS R03NS123733Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,Grant/Award Number:CA 2642/1-1。
文摘Translational medicine in neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases is approaching a breakthrough point.Recent years have led to dramatic progress in both experimental and clinical research.Based on a much better and continuously increasing understanding of disease mechanisms,progression and pathophysiology,new therapies with an improved translational potential to protect tissue either against acute or chronic degeneration and even approaches potentially capable of repairing damaged brain tissue are emerging.
