In this article,a series of high refractive indices(1.50-1.53)thiol phenyl polysiloxane(TPS)were synthesized via hydrolytic sol-gel reaction.The Fourier transform infrared spectra(FT-IR)and nuclear magnetic resonance ...In this article,a series of high refractive indices(1.50-1.53)thiol phenyl polysiloxane(TPS)were synthesized via hydrolytic sol-gel reaction.The Fourier transform infrared spectra(FT-IR)and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra(NMR)results showed that TPS conformed to the predicted structures.Natural terpene linalool was exploited as photocrosslinker to fabricate UV-curing linalool-polysiloxane hybrid films(LPH)with TPS via photoinitiated thiol-ene reaction.LPH rapidly cured under UV irradiation at the intensity of 80 mW/cm2 in 30 s,exhibiting good UV-curing properties.The optical transmittance of LPH in the wavelength of 300-800 nm was over 90%,exhibiting good optical transparency.The water contact angle and water vapor permeability results showed that the introduction of phenyl groups enhance the hydrophobicity and water vapor barrier properties of LPH.The results indicated the potential of LPHs in the applications of optical functional coatings.展开更多
Fiber products for microwave kilns were prepared using alumina fibers with alumina contents of 72 mass%and 80 mass%,and calcined alumina powder(4-6μm)as the main raw materials,silica sol as the binder,and cationic st...Fiber products for microwave kilns were prepared using alumina fibers with alumina contents of 72 mass%and 80 mass%,and calcined alumina powder(4-6μm)as the main raw materials,silica sol as the binder,and cationic starch as the flocculant.Effects of different raw materials and their additions on the wave transparency of fiber products were researched.The results show that as the alumina fiber(72%)addition increases,the heating rate of the samples first decreases and then increases,and the corresponding wave transparency of the sample first increases and then decreases.When the alumina fibers addition is 40 mass%and the alumina powder addition is 30 mass%,the prepared microwave kiln lining material has a higher mullite content,which improves the wave transparency of the sample.The sample prepared from alumina fibers with an alumina content of 80%has a suitable glass-mullite phase ratio,performs lower overall dielectric constant and good wave transparency,and is a suitable lining material for microwave kilns.展开更多
We theoretically explore the tunability of magnomechanically induced transparency(MMIT) phenomenon and fastslow light effect in a hybrid cavity magnomechanical system in which a high-quality yttrium iron garnet(YIG) s...We theoretically explore the tunability of magnomechanically induced transparency(MMIT) phenomenon and fastslow light effect in a hybrid cavity magnomechanical system in which a high-quality yttrium iron garnet(YIG) sphere and an atomic ensemble are placed inside a microwave cavity. In the probe output spectrum, we can observe magnoninduced transparency(MIT) and MMIT due to the photon-magnon and phonon-magnon couplings. We further investigate the effect of atomic ensemble on the absorption spectrum. The results show that better transparency can be obtained by choosing appropriate atomic ensemble parameters. We give an explicit explanation for the mechanism of the Fano resonance phenomenon. Moreover, we discuss phenomena of slow-light propagation. The maximum group delay increases significantly with the increasing atom–cavity coupling strength, and the conversion between slow light and fast light can also be achieved by adjusting the atom–cavity coupling strength. These results may have potential applications for quantum information processing and high precision measurements.展开更多
The Bohai Sea(BS)is the unique semi-closed inland sea of China,characterized by degraded water quality due to significant terrestrial pollution input.In order to improve its water quality,a dedicated action named“Uph...The Bohai Sea(BS)is the unique semi-closed inland sea of China,characterized by degraded water quality due to significant terrestrial pollution input.In order to improve its water quality,a dedicated action named“Uphill Battles for Integrated Bohai Sea Management”(UBIBSM,2018–2020)was implemented by the Chinese government.To evaluate the action effectiveness toward water quality improvement,variability of the satelliteobserved water transparency(Secchi disk depth,Z_(SD))was explored,with special emphasis on the nearshore waters(within 20 km from the coastline)prone to terrestrial influence.(1)Compared to the status before the action began(2011–2017),majority(87.3%)of the nearshore waters turned clear during the action implementation period(2018–2020),characterized by the elevated Z_(SD)by 11.6%±12.1%.(2)Nevertheless,the improvement was not spatially uniform,with higher Z_(SD)improvement in provinces of Hebei,Liaoning,and Shandong(13.2%±16.5%,13.2%±11.6%,10.8%±10.2%,respectively)followed by Tianjin(6.2%±4.7%).(3)Bayesian trend analysis found the abrupt Z_(SD)improvement in April 2018,which coincided with the initiation of UBIBSM,implying the water quality response to pollution control.More importantly,the independent statistics of land-based pollutant discharge also indicated that the significant reduction of terrestrial pollutant input during the UBIBSM action was the main driver of observed Z_(SD)improvement.(4)Compared with previous pollution control actions in the BS,UBIBSM was found to be the most successful one during the past 20 years,in terms of transparency improvement over nearshore waters.The presented results proved the UBIBSM-achieved remarkable water quality improvement,taking the advantage of long-term consistent and objective data record from satellite ocean color observation.展开更多
We would like to point out the misprinted Fig.3 in our published paper[Chin.Phys.B 32,114205(2023)].Since only orders of subfigures need to be corrected and the main results of the published paper are correct,we prese...We would like to point out the misprinted Fig.3 in our published paper[Chin.Phys.B 32,114205(2023)].Since only orders of subfigures need to be corrected and the main results of the published paper are correct,we present the correct figure in this corrigendum.展开更多
In recent years, most studies have focused on the perfect absorption and high-efficiency quantum memory of the onesided system, ignoring the characteristics of its optical switching contrast. Thus, the performance of ...In recent years, most studies have focused on the perfect absorption and high-efficiency quantum memory of the onesided system, ignoring the characteristics of its optical switching contrast. Thus, the performance of all-optical switching and optical transistors is limited. Herein, we propose a localized surface plasmon(LSP) mode-assisted cavity QED system which consists of a Λ-shaped three-level quantum emitter(QE), a metal nanoparticle and a one-sided optical cavity with a fully reflected mirror. In this system, the QE coherently couples to the cavity and LSP mode respectively, which is manipulated by the control field. As a result, considerably high and stable switch contrast of 90% can be achievable due to the strong confined field of the LSP mode and perfect absorption of the optical medium. In addition, we obtain a power dependent effect between the control field and the transmitted frequency as a result of the converted dark state. We employ the Heisenberg–Langevin equation and numerical master equation formalisms to explain high switching, controllable output light and the dark state. Our system introduces an effective method to improve the performance of optical switches based on the one-sided system in quantum information storage and quantum communication.展开更多
We analytically and numerically investigate a signal light storing mechanism based on the controllable electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)effect.We demonstrate that the isolation between the waveguide and th...We analytically and numerically investigate a signal light storing mechanism based on the controllable electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)effect.We demonstrate that the isolation between the waveguide and the cavities cannot be achieved instantly as soon as the two cavities are tuned into resonance,no matter the index tuning rate is ultrafast or slow.We also investigate the temporal evolution features of the intracavity energy when the pulse during time is prolonged.We find many periodical oscillations of the trapped energy in both cavities,and they are entirely complementary.Our analysis shows that the adiabatic wavelength conversion in both cavities and a phase difference π between them play critical roles in this phenomenon.展开更多
We demonstrate a simple method to measure electric field intensity by using doublet electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) spectra of cold Rb Rydberg atoms, where the frequency of the coupling laser does not ne...We demonstrate a simple method to measure electric field intensity by using doublet electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) spectra of cold Rb Rydberg atoms, where the frequency of the coupling laser does not need to be locked. Based on the Stark splitting of the Rb Rydberg state, 10D_(3/2), under electric fields and the corresponding calculated polarizabilities, the real electric field intensity is calculated using the difference in radio-frequency diffraction between two acousto-optic modulators, which acts as a frequency criterion that allows us to measure the electrical field without locking the coupling laser. The value measured by this simple method shows a good agreement with our previous work [Opt.Express 29 1558(2021)] where the frequency of the coupling laser needs to be locked with an additional EIT spectrum based on atom vapor and a proportional–integral–differential feedback circuit. Our presented method can also be extended to the measurement of electric field based on hot Rydberg atom vapor, which has application in industry.展开更多
We report on electromagnetically induced transparency cooling of ^(40)Ca^(+)to sympathetically cool the threedimensional secular modes of motion in a ^(40)Ca^(+)–^(27)Al^(+)two-ion pair near the ground state.We obser...We report on electromagnetically induced transparency cooling of ^(40)Ca^(+)to sympathetically cool the threedimensional secular modes of motion in a ^(40)Ca^(+)–^(27)Al^(+)two-ion pair near the ground state.We observe simultaneous ground state cooling across all radial modes and axial modes of a ^(40)Ca^(+)–^(27)Al^(+)ion pair,occupying a broader cooling range in frequency space over 3 MHz.The cooling time is observed to be less than 1 ms.The mean phonon number and heating rates of all motional modes are measured.This study is not only an important step for reducing the secular motion time-dilation shift uncertainty and uptime ratio of ^(27)Al^(+)optical clock,but also essential for high-fidelity quantum simulations and quantum information processors using trapped ions.展开更多
The level of fashion consumer awareness and communication regarding sustainable consumption is rising. Organizations are working to provide clarity and guidance on fashion consumption. Brands are experimenting with ne...The level of fashion consumer awareness and communication regarding sustainable consumption is rising. Organizations are working to provide clarity and guidance on fashion consumption. Brands are experimenting with new materials and supply chain strategies, and suppliers are improving the manufacturing processes and quality of products. However, given the size and complexity of the industrial process, these efforts are not adequate in ensuring a sustainable fashion supply chain. Transparency and traceability in the fashion supply chain are needed to improve the fashion industry by supporting sustainable and ethical practices in the apparel supply chain. Key gaps include a lack of comprehensive and transparent information about how, where, and by whom materials are sourced, processed, and assembled;a lack of transparency in the supply chain practices and procedures affects the environment, working conditions, and human health. The industry has to build the capacity to manage its supply chain, more effectively and responsibly, by improving transparency and traceability as the top goals. So, in this context, the main purpose of this research paper is to study the impacts of transparency and traceability on the dimensions of sustainability in fashion supply chain. The researchers have applied descriptive research methods in which secondary data are collected and analyzed through a literature review of peer-reviewed research papers and the primary data are collected through the survey method by distributing a semi structured questionnaire. The data collected are analyzed using statistical tools and techniques. Finally, the results are discussed and presented.展开更多
Interaction in language ability refers to the exchange of information across different predictors of language ability in determining language test performance.Although interaction has long been claimed to be an essent...Interaction in language ability refers to the exchange of information across different predictors of language ability in determining language test performance.Although interaction has long been claimed to be an essential mechanism in the construct of language ability and language test validation,systematic investigations into this issue are rare in language testing research.The current study revisited the concept of interaction in language testing and proposes the competition-mediation-moderation(CMM)approach for inquiry in language test validation to enhance the transparency of test score interpretation.As a demonstration,the paper used Test for English Majors Grade Four(TEM4)data and tested the interaction between vocabulary and grammar in predicting L2 reading performance.The results showed:1)grammar played a dominant role in predicting TEM4 reading performance,2)grammar fully mediated the effect of vocabulary on TEM4 reading performance,and 3)vocabulary did not moderate the effect of grammar on TEM4 reading performance.The paper has theoretical and methodological implications for language testing research as well as practical implications for language test preparation.展开更多
We propose a three-cavity coupled cavity optomechanical(COM)structure with tunable system parameters and theoretically investigate the probe-light transmission rate.Numerical calculation of the system’s spectra demon...We propose a three-cavity coupled cavity optomechanical(COM)structure with tunable system parameters and theoretically investigate the probe-light transmission rate.Numerical calculation of the system’s spectra demonstrates distinctive compound-induced transparency(CIT)characteristics,including multiple transparency windows and sideband dips,which can be explained by a coupling between optomechanically-induced transparency(OMIT)and electromagnetically-induced transparency.The effects of optical loss(gain)in the cavity,number and topology of active cavity,tunneling ratio,and pump laser power on the CIT spectrum are evaluated and analyzed.Moreover,the optical group delay of CIT is highly controllable and fast–slow light inter-transition can be achieved.The proposed structure makes possible the advantageous tuning freedom and provides a potential platform for controlling light propagation and fast–slow light switching.展开更多
The ideal optomechanically induced transparency effects of an output probe field are investigated in a cavity optoelectromechanical system,which is composed of an optical cavity,a charged mechanical resonator,and a ch...The ideal optomechanically induced transparency effects of an output probe field are investigated in a cavity optoelectromechanical system,which is composed of an optical cavity,a charged mechanical resonator,and a charged object.Although the charged mechanical resonator damping rate is nonzero,the ideal optomechanically induced transparency can still appear due to the non-rotating wave approximation effect in the system.The location of optomechanically induced transparency dip can be controlled via the Coulomb coupling strength.In addition,we find that both the transparency window width and the maximum dispersion curve slope are closely related to the optical cavity decay rate.展开更多
We aim to present a new scheme for high-dimensional atomic microscopy via double electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level tripod system.For atom-field interaction,we construct a spatially dependent fie...We aim to present a new scheme for high-dimensional atomic microscopy via double electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level tripod system.For atom-field interaction,we construct a spatially dependent field by superimposing three standing-wave fields(SWFs)in 3D-atom localization.We achieve a high precision and high spatial resolution of an atom localization by appropriately adjusting the system variables such as field intensities and phase shifts.We also see the impact of Doppler shift and show that it dramatically deteriorates the precision of spatial information on 3D-atom localization.We believe that our suggested scheme opens up a fascinating way to improve the atom localization that supplies some practical applications in atom nanolithography,and Bose-Einstein condensation.展开更多
“Common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities”(CBDRRC) is the most significant guiding principle in the international climate change regime, created by the United Nations Framework Conventi...“Common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities”(CBDRRC) is the most significant guiding principle in the international climate change regime, created by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992 and inherited by the Paris Agreement 24 years later. This paper examines the operationalization of the CBDRRC principle in one of the cornerstone rules of the regimedits transparency provisions, both in existing practice under the convention and possible evolvement in negotiations under the Paris Agreement, from the perspectives of both international rule-making and domestic implementation. The authors have found a continuous enhancement of the transparency framework since the 1990s, and gradual consolidation of a bifurcated system between developed and developing countries into a common one. The authors argue that the transparency framework, as part of the procedural rules, should be designed to facilitate transparent information sharing in accordance with substantive commitments under international climate change laws. Thus, it indirectly reflects historical responsibilities for climate change, while the framework should also be designed as feasible and reflective of the respective capabilities of nations. Finally, the evolution of the transparency framework will aim to enact common and enhanced provisions while differentiating between developed and developing countries in the near term, and greater transparency-related capacity-building for developing countries.展开更多
New visible transparent, UV absorption, and high infrared reflection properties have been realized by depositing multilayer Si O2/Zn O: Al/Ce O2-Ti O2/Si O2 films onto glass substrates at low temperature by radio freq...New visible transparent, UV absorption, and high infrared reflection properties have been realized by depositing multilayer Si O2/Zn O: Al/Ce O2-Ti O2/Si O2 films onto glass substrates at low temperature by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Optimum thickness of Si O2, Zn O: Al(ZAO) and Ce O2-Ti O2(CTO) films were designed with the aid of thin film design software. The degree of antireflection can be controlled by adjusting the thickness and refractive index. The outer Si O2 film can diminish the interference coloring and increase the transparency; the inner Si O2 film improves the adhesion of the coating on the glass substrate and prevents Ca2+, Na+ in the glass substrate from entering the ZAO film. The average transmittance in the visible light range increases by nearly 18%-20%, as compared to double layer ZAO/CTO films. And the films display high infrared reflection rate of above 75% in the wavelength range of 10-25 μm and good UV absorption(> 98%) properties. These systems are easy to produce on a large scale at low cost and exhibit high mechanical and chemical durability. The triple functional films with high UV absorption, antireflective and high infrared reflection rate will adapt to application in flat panel display and architectural coating glass, automotive glass, with diminishing light pollution as well as decreasing eye fatigue and increasing comfort.展开更多
Transparency is a widely used but poorly defined term within the explainable artificial intelligence literature.This is due,in part,to the lack of an agreed definition and the overlap between the connected—sometimes ...Transparency is a widely used but poorly defined term within the explainable artificial intelligence literature.This is due,in part,to the lack of an agreed definition and the overlap between the connected—sometimes used synonymously—concepts of interpretability and explainability.We assert that transparency is the overarching concept,with the tenets of interpretability,explainability,and predictability subordinate.We draw on a portfolio of definitions for each of these distinct concepts to propose a human-swarm-teaming transparency and trust architecture(HST3-Architecture).The architecture reinforces transparency as a key contributor towards situation awareness,and consequently as an enabler for effective trustworthy human-swarm teaming(HST).展开更多
A graphene-based metamaterial for THz plasmon induced transparency(PIT) is presented and numerically studied in this paper, which consists of two horizontal graphene strips attached to a continuous vertical wire separ...A graphene-based metamaterial for THz plasmon induced transparency(PIT) is presented and numerically studied in this paper, which consists of two horizontal graphene strips attached to a continuous vertical wire separately. The calculated surface current distributions demonstrate that the distinct PIT window results from the near-field coupling of two bright modes. To explore the physical mechanism of PIT effect, we employ the coupled Lorentz oscillator model. The transmission spectra obtained with this model fits well with the simulation results. The performance of the PIT system can be controlled through the geometry parameters of graphene strips. Moreover, the transparency window can be dynamically tuned by varying the Fermi energy and the carrier mobility of the graphene strips. The slow light effect is also explored in our proposed structure and it can achieve 1.25 ps when Fermi energy is 1.3 eV. Finally, the position of the transmission window with the variation of the nearby medium refractive index is examined. Such a proposed graphene-based PIT system may have great potential applications in photonic devices.展开更多
Based on Dirac semimetal metamaterials,the tunable plasmon induced transparency(PIT)is investigated elaborately in this work.The designed unit cell consists of a strip and a square bracket,which is periodically aligne...Based on Dirac semimetal metamaterials,the tunable plasmon induced transparency(PIT)is investigated elaborately in this work.The designed unit cell consists of a strip and a square bracket,which is periodically aligned on the dielectric substrate.Our numerical results illustrate that a pronounced transparency window exists due to near field coupling between two bright modes,which can be dynamically tuned with Fermi energy.Namely,the transparency window demonstrates a distinct blue shift with a larger Fermi energy.Moreover,an on-to-off switch of the PIT transparency window is realized with different polarization angles.In addition,the accompanied slow light property is examined with the calculation of phase and group delay.Finally,a small variation of the refractive index of the substrate can induce a clear movement of the PIT transparency window which delivers a guidance in the application of optical sensing.Thus,this work provides us a new strategy to design compact and adjustable PIT devices and has potential applications in highly tunable optical switchers,sensors,and slow light devices.展开更多
The propagation of a probe field through a four-level Y-type atomic system is described in the presence of two additional coherent radiation fields,namely,the control field and the coupling field.An expression for the...The propagation of a probe field through a four-level Y-type atomic system is described in the presence of two additional coherent radiation fields,namely,the control field and the coupling field.An expression for the probe response is derived analytically from the optical Bloch equations under steady state condition to study the absorptive properties of the system under probe field propagation through an ensemble of stationary atoms as well as in a Doppler broadened atomic vapor medium.The most striking result is the conversion of electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)into electromagnetically induced absorption(EIA)as we start switching from weak probe regime to strong probe regime.The dependence of this conversion on residual Doppler averaging due to wavelength mismatch is also shown by choosing the coupling transition as a Rydberg transition.展开更多
基金the financial funding of the Guangdong Province Applied Science and Technology R&D Special Fund Project:Key Technologies for Industrialization of Sulfur-Resistant and High Refractive-Index LED Packaging Silicone Materials(2016B090930010).
文摘In this article,a series of high refractive indices(1.50-1.53)thiol phenyl polysiloxane(TPS)were synthesized via hydrolytic sol-gel reaction.The Fourier transform infrared spectra(FT-IR)and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra(NMR)results showed that TPS conformed to the predicted structures.Natural terpene linalool was exploited as photocrosslinker to fabricate UV-curing linalool-polysiloxane hybrid films(LPH)with TPS via photoinitiated thiol-ene reaction.LPH rapidly cured under UV irradiation at the intensity of 80 mW/cm2 in 30 s,exhibiting good UV-curing properties.The optical transmittance of LPH in the wavelength of 300-800 nm was over 90%,exhibiting good optical transparency.The water contact angle and water vapor permeability results showed that the introduction of phenyl groups enhance the hydrophobicity and water vapor barrier properties of LPH.The results indicated the potential of LPHs in the applications of optical functional coatings.
文摘Fiber products for microwave kilns were prepared using alumina fibers with alumina contents of 72 mass%and 80 mass%,and calcined alumina powder(4-6μm)as the main raw materials,silica sol as the binder,and cationic starch as the flocculant.Effects of different raw materials and their additions on the wave transparency of fiber products were researched.The results show that as the alumina fiber(72%)addition increases,the heating rate of the samples first decreases and then increases,and the corresponding wave transparency of the sample first increases and then decreases.When the alumina fibers addition is 40 mass%and the alumina powder addition is 30 mass%,the prepared microwave kiln lining material has a higher mullite content,which improves the wave transparency of the sample.The sample prepared from alumina fibers with an alumina content of 80%has a suitable glass-mullite phase ratio,performs lower overall dielectric constant and good wave transparency,and is a suitable lining material for microwave kilns.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62061028)the Opening Project of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology (Grant No. ammt2021A4)+4 种基金the Foundation for Distinguished Young Scientists of Jiangxi Province (Grant No. 20162BCB23009)the Open Research Fund Program of the State Key Laboratory of LowDimensional Quantum Physics (Grant No. KF202010)the Interdisciplinary Innovation Fund of Nanchang University (Grant No. 9166-27060003-YB12)the Open Research Fund Program of Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education (Grant No. OEIAM202004)the Graduate Innovation Special Fund of Jiangxi Province (Grant No. YC2021-S054)。
文摘We theoretically explore the tunability of magnomechanically induced transparency(MMIT) phenomenon and fastslow light effect in a hybrid cavity magnomechanical system in which a high-quality yttrium iron garnet(YIG) sphere and an atomic ensemble are placed inside a microwave cavity. In the probe output spectrum, we can observe magnoninduced transparency(MIT) and MMIT due to the photon-magnon and phonon-magnon couplings. We further investigate the effect of atomic ensemble on the absorption spectrum. The results show that better transparency can be obtained by choosing appropriate atomic ensemble parameters. We give an explicit explanation for the mechanism of the Fano resonance phenomenon. Moreover, we discuss phenomena of slow-light propagation. The maximum group delay increases significantly with the increasing atom–cavity coupling strength, and the conversion between slow light and fast light can also be achieved by adjusting the atom–cavity coupling strength. These results may have potential applications for quantum information processing and high precision measurements.
基金The fund supported by Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai) under contract No. SML2021SP313the fundamental research funds for the Central Universities of Sun Yat-Sen University under contract No.23xkjc019the fund supported by China-Korea Joint Ocean Research Center of China under contract No. PI-2022-1-01
文摘The Bohai Sea(BS)is the unique semi-closed inland sea of China,characterized by degraded water quality due to significant terrestrial pollution input.In order to improve its water quality,a dedicated action named“Uphill Battles for Integrated Bohai Sea Management”(UBIBSM,2018–2020)was implemented by the Chinese government.To evaluate the action effectiveness toward water quality improvement,variability of the satelliteobserved water transparency(Secchi disk depth,Z_(SD))was explored,with special emphasis on the nearshore waters(within 20 km from the coastline)prone to terrestrial influence.(1)Compared to the status before the action began(2011–2017),majority(87.3%)of the nearshore waters turned clear during the action implementation period(2018–2020),characterized by the elevated Z_(SD)by 11.6%±12.1%.(2)Nevertheless,the improvement was not spatially uniform,with higher Z_(SD)improvement in provinces of Hebei,Liaoning,and Shandong(13.2%±16.5%,13.2%±11.6%,10.8%±10.2%,respectively)followed by Tianjin(6.2%±4.7%).(3)Bayesian trend analysis found the abrupt Z_(SD)improvement in April 2018,which coincided with the initiation of UBIBSM,implying the water quality response to pollution control.More importantly,the independent statistics of land-based pollutant discharge also indicated that the significant reduction of terrestrial pollutant input during the UBIBSM action was the main driver of observed Z_(SD)improvement.(4)Compared with previous pollution control actions in the BS,UBIBSM was found to be the most successful one during the past 20 years,in terms of transparency improvement over nearshore waters.The presented results proved the UBIBSM-achieved remarkable water quality improvement,taking the advantage of long-term consistent and objective data record from satellite ocean color observation.
文摘We would like to point out the misprinted Fig.3 in our published paper[Chin.Phys.B 32,114205(2023)].Since only orders of subfigures need to be corrected and the main results of the published paper are correct,we present the correct figure in this corrigendum.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62075004 and 11804018)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 4212051)。
文摘In recent years, most studies have focused on the perfect absorption and high-efficiency quantum memory of the onesided system, ignoring the characteristics of its optical switching contrast. Thus, the performance of all-optical switching and optical transistors is limited. Herein, we propose a localized surface plasmon(LSP) mode-assisted cavity QED system which consists of a Λ-shaped three-level quantum emitter(QE), a metal nanoparticle and a one-sided optical cavity with a fully reflected mirror. In this system, the QE coherently couples to the cavity and LSP mode respectively, which is manipulated by the control field. As a result, considerably high and stable switch contrast of 90% can be achievable due to the strong confined field of the LSP mode and perfect absorption of the optical medium. In addition, we obtain a power dependent effect between the control field and the transmitted frequency as a result of the converted dark state. We employ the Heisenberg–Langevin equation and numerical master equation formalisms to explain high switching, controllable output light and the dark state. Our system introduces an effective method to improve the performance of optical switches based on the one-sided system in quantum information storage and quantum communication.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11774098)the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2022A1515011950 and 2023A1515010781)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(Grant No.202002030500)。
文摘We analytically and numerically investigate a signal light storing mechanism based on the controllable electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)effect.We demonstrate that the isolation between the waveguide and the cavities cannot be achieved instantly as soon as the two cavities are tuned into resonance,no matter the index tuning rate is ultrafast or slow.We also investigate the temporal evolution features of the intracavity energy when the pulse during time is prolonged.We find many periodical oscillations of the trapped energy in both cavities,and they are entirely complementary.Our analysis shows that the adiabatic wavelength conversion in both cavities and a phase difference π between them play critical roles in this phenomenon.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12034012, 12074231, 12274272, and 61827824)Science and technology innovation plan of colleges and universities in Shanxi Province (Grant No. 2021L313)+2 种基金Science and Technology Project of State Grid (Grant No. 5700-202127198A-0-0-00)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province (Grant No. 202203021222204)Taiyuan University of Science and Technology Scientific Research Initial Funding (Grant Nos. 20222008 and 20222132)。
文摘We demonstrate a simple method to measure electric field intensity by using doublet electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT) spectra of cold Rb Rydberg atoms, where the frequency of the coupling laser does not need to be locked. Based on the Stark splitting of the Rb Rydberg state, 10D_(3/2), under electric fields and the corresponding calculated polarizabilities, the real electric field intensity is calculated using the difference in radio-frequency diffraction between two acousto-optic modulators, which acts as a frequency criterion that allows us to measure the electrical field without locking the coupling laser. The value measured by this simple method shows a good agreement with our previous work [Opt.Express 29 1558(2021)] where the frequency of the coupling laser needs to be locked with an additional EIT spectrum based on atom vapor and a proportional–integral–differential feedback circuit. Our presented method can also be extended to the measurement of electric field based on hot Rydberg atom vapor, which has application in industry.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0304401)the Technical Innovation Program of Hubei Province(Grant No.2018AAA045)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11904387)。
文摘We report on electromagnetically induced transparency cooling of ^(40)Ca^(+)to sympathetically cool the threedimensional secular modes of motion in a ^(40)Ca^(+)–^(27)Al^(+)two-ion pair near the ground state.We observe simultaneous ground state cooling across all radial modes and axial modes of a ^(40)Ca^(+)–^(27)Al^(+)ion pair,occupying a broader cooling range in frequency space over 3 MHz.The cooling time is observed to be less than 1 ms.The mean phonon number and heating rates of all motional modes are measured.This study is not only an important step for reducing the secular motion time-dilation shift uncertainty and uptime ratio of ^(27)Al^(+)optical clock,but also essential for high-fidelity quantum simulations and quantum information processors using trapped ions.
文摘The level of fashion consumer awareness and communication regarding sustainable consumption is rising. Organizations are working to provide clarity and guidance on fashion consumption. Brands are experimenting with new materials and supply chain strategies, and suppliers are improving the manufacturing processes and quality of products. However, given the size and complexity of the industrial process, these efforts are not adequate in ensuring a sustainable fashion supply chain. Transparency and traceability in the fashion supply chain are needed to improve the fashion industry by supporting sustainable and ethical practices in the apparel supply chain. Key gaps include a lack of comprehensive and transparent information about how, where, and by whom materials are sourced, processed, and assembled;a lack of transparency in the supply chain practices and procedures affects the environment, working conditions, and human health. The industry has to build the capacity to manage its supply chain, more effectively and responsibly, by improving transparency and traceability as the top goals. So, in this context, the main purpose of this research paper is to study the impacts of transparency and traceability on the dimensions of sustainability in fashion supply chain. The researchers have applied descriptive research methods in which secondary data are collected and analyzed through a literature review of peer-reviewed research papers and the primary data are collected through the survey method by distributing a semi structured questionnaire. The data collected are analyzed using statistical tools and techniques. Finally, the results are discussed and presented.
文摘Interaction in language ability refers to the exchange of information across different predictors of language ability in determining language test performance.Although interaction has long been claimed to be an essential mechanism in the construct of language ability and language test validation,systematic investigations into this issue are rare in language testing research.The current study revisited the concept of interaction in language testing and proposes the competition-mediation-moderation(CMM)approach for inquiry in language test validation to enhance the transparency of test score interpretation.As a demonstration,the paper used Test for English Majors Grade Four(TEM4)data and tested the interaction between vocabulary and grammar in predicting L2 reading performance.The results showed:1)grammar played a dominant role in predicting TEM4 reading performance,2)grammar fully mediated the effect of vocabulary on TEM4 reading performance,and 3)vocabulary did not moderate the effect of grammar on TEM4 reading performance.The paper has theoretical and methodological implications for language testing research as well as practical implications for language test preparation.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61575014)。
文摘We propose a three-cavity coupled cavity optomechanical(COM)structure with tunable system parameters and theoretically investigate the probe-light transmission rate.Numerical calculation of the system’s spectra demonstrates distinctive compound-induced transparency(CIT)characteristics,including multiple transparency windows and sideband dips,which can be explained by a coupling between optomechanically-induced transparency(OMIT)and electromagnetically-induced transparency.The effects of optical loss(gain)in the cavity,number and topology of active cavity,tunneling ratio,and pump laser power on the CIT spectrum are evaluated and analyzed.Moreover,the optical group delay of CIT is highly controllable and fast–slow light inter-transition can be achieved.The proposed structure makes possible the advantageous tuning freedom and provides a potential platform for controlling light propagation and fast–slow light switching.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province,China(Grant Nos.2018GXNSFBA281003,2019GXNSFAA245034,and AD19245180)Science Fund of Tonghua Normal University(Grant No.202017ND)。
文摘The ideal optomechanically induced transparency effects of an output probe field are investigated in a cavity optoelectromechanical system,which is composed of an optical cavity,a charged mechanical resonator,and a charged object.Although the charged mechanical resonator damping rate is nonzero,the ideal optomechanically induced transparency can still appear due to the non-rotating wave approximation effect in the system.The location of optomechanically induced transparency dip can be controlled via the Coulomb coupling strength.In addition,we find that both the transparency window width and the maximum dispersion curve slope are closely related to the optical cavity decay rate.
文摘We aim to present a new scheme for high-dimensional atomic microscopy via double electromagnetically induced transparency in a four-level tripod system.For atom-field interaction,we construct a spatially dependent field by superimposing three standing-wave fields(SWFs)in 3D-atom localization.We achieve a high precision and high spatial resolution of an atom localization by appropriately adjusting the system variables such as field intensities and phase shifts.We also see the impact of Doppler shift and show that it dramatically deteriorates the precision of spatial information on 3D-atom localization.We believe that our suggested scheme opens up a fascinating way to improve the atom localization that supplies some practical applications in atom nanolithography,and Bose-Einstein condensation.
文摘“Common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities”(CBDRRC) is the most significant guiding principle in the international climate change regime, created by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992 and inherited by the Paris Agreement 24 years later. This paper examines the operationalization of the CBDRRC principle in one of the cornerstone rules of the regimedits transparency provisions, both in existing practice under the convention and possible evolvement in negotiations under the Paris Agreement, from the perspectives of both international rule-making and domestic implementation. The authors have found a continuous enhancement of the transparency framework since the 1990s, and gradual consolidation of a bifurcated system between developed and developing countries into a common one. The authors argue that the transparency framework, as part of the procedural rules, should be designed to facilitate transparent information sharing in accordance with substantive commitments under international climate change laws. Thus, it indirectly reflects historical responsibilities for climate change, while the framework should also be designed as feasible and reflective of the respective capabilities of nations. Finally, the evolution of the transparency framework will aim to enact common and enhanced provisions while differentiating between developed and developing countries in the near term, and greater transparency-related capacity-building for developing countries.
基金Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2014CFB563)the key Technology Innovation Project of Hubei Province(No.2013AAA005)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2013T60752 and 2012M511689)
文摘New visible transparent, UV absorption, and high infrared reflection properties have been realized by depositing multilayer Si O2/Zn O: Al/Ce O2-Ti O2/Si O2 films onto glass substrates at low temperature by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Optimum thickness of Si O2, Zn O: Al(ZAO) and Ce O2-Ti O2(CTO) films were designed with the aid of thin film design software. The degree of antireflection can be controlled by adjusting the thickness and refractive index. The outer Si O2 film can diminish the interference coloring and increase the transparency; the inner Si O2 film improves the adhesion of the coating on the glass substrate and prevents Ca2+, Na+ in the glass substrate from entering the ZAO film. The average transmittance in the visible light range increases by nearly 18%-20%, as compared to double layer ZAO/CTO films. And the films display high infrared reflection rate of above 75% in the wavelength range of 10-25 μm and good UV absorption(> 98%) properties. These systems are easy to produce on a large scale at low cost and exhibit high mechanical and chemical durability. The triple functional films with high UV absorption, antireflective and high infrared reflection rate will adapt to application in flat panel display and architectural coating glass, automotive glass, with diminishing light pollution as well as decreasing eye fatigue and increasing comfort.
基金United States Office of Naval Research-Global(ONR-G)(N629091812140)。
文摘Transparency is a widely used but poorly defined term within the explainable artificial intelligence literature.This is due,in part,to the lack of an agreed definition and the overlap between the connected—sometimes used synonymously—concepts of interpretability and explainability.We assert that transparency is the overarching concept,with the tenets of interpretability,explainability,and predictability subordinate.We draw on a portfolio of definitions for each of these distinct concepts to propose a human-swarm-teaming transparency and trust architecture(HST3-Architecture).The architecture reinforces transparency as a key contributor towards situation awareness,and consequently as an enabler for effective trustworthy human-swarm teaming(HST).
基金Project supported by the Key Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province,China(Grant Nos.162102210164 and 1721023100107)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Educational Committee,China(Grant No.17A140002)
文摘A graphene-based metamaterial for THz plasmon induced transparency(PIT) is presented and numerically studied in this paper, which consists of two horizontal graphene strips attached to a continuous vertical wire separately. The calculated surface current distributions demonstrate that the distinct PIT window results from the near-field coupling of two bright modes. To explore the physical mechanism of PIT effect, we employ the coupled Lorentz oscillator model. The transmission spectra obtained with this model fits well with the simulation results. The performance of the PIT system can be controlled through the geometry parameters of graphene strips. Moreover, the transparency window can be dynamically tuned by varying the Fermi energy and the carrier mobility of the graphene strips. The slow light effect is also explored in our proposed structure and it can achieve 1.25 ps when Fermi energy is 1.3 eV. Finally, the position of the transmission window with the variation of the nearby medium refractive index is examined. Such a proposed graphene-based PIT system may have great potential applications in photonic devices.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Provincial Educational Committee,China(Grant No.21A140026).
文摘Based on Dirac semimetal metamaterials,the tunable plasmon induced transparency(PIT)is investigated elaborately in this work.The designed unit cell consists of a strip and a square bracket,which is periodically aligned on the dielectric substrate.Our numerical results illustrate that a pronounced transparency window exists due to near field coupling between two bright modes,which can be dynamically tuned with Fermi energy.Namely,the transparency window demonstrates a distinct blue shift with a larger Fermi energy.Moreover,an on-to-off switch of the PIT transparency window is realized with different polarization angles.In addition,the accompanied slow light property is examined with the calculation of phase and group delay.Finally,a small variation of the refractive index of the substrate can induce a clear movement of the PIT transparency window which delivers a guidance in the application of optical sensing.Thus,this work provides us a new strategy to design compact and adjustable PIT devices and has potential applications in highly tunable optical switchers,sensors,and slow light devices.
基金UGC (ERO) for granting a minor research project (F. No. PSW: 050(2015–16), date-16/11/2016)UGC (New Delhi) for providing research fellowship (JRF-NET, vide sanction No. F.17-124/2008(SAI) dated 22/08/2014)+1 种基金SERB for granting a project under Teaching Associateship for Research Excellence (TARE) scheme (sanction no. TAR/2018/000710)the University Grants Commission (New Delhi) for sanctioning a major research project (F. No-43–527/2014(SR) dated 28/09/2015).
文摘The propagation of a probe field through a four-level Y-type atomic system is described in the presence of two additional coherent radiation fields,namely,the control field and the coupling field.An expression for the probe response is derived analytically from the optical Bloch equations under steady state condition to study the absorptive properties of the system under probe field propagation through an ensemble of stationary atoms as well as in a Doppler broadened atomic vapor medium.The most striking result is the conversion of electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)into electromagnetically induced absorption(EIA)as we start switching from weak probe regime to strong probe regime.The dependence of this conversion on residual Doppler averaging due to wavelength mismatch is also shown by choosing the coupling transition as a Rydberg transition.
