Background:The genera Paris,Trillium,Aspidistra,and Polygonatum originally belonged to the family Liliaceae;however,recently,in the APG system,the genera Polygonatum and Aspidistra were placed in the family Asparagace...Background:The genera Paris,Trillium,Aspidistra,and Polygonatum originally belonged to the family Liliaceae;however,recently,in the APG system,the genera Polygonatum and Aspidistra were placed in the family Asparagaceae and the genera Paris and Trillium were placed in the family Melanthiaceae.Methods:To study the application of polysaccharide chemotaxonomy in Asparagaceae and Melanthiaceae,we extracted polysaccharides from the rhizomes of plants,including Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis,Paris daliensis,Paris polyphylla var.chinensis,Trillium tschonoskii,Aspidistra elatior,Aspidistra sichuanensis,Aspidistra caespitosa,Polygonatum sibiricum,Polygonatum cyrtonema,and Polygonatum kingianum.Physicochemical and structural characterization of these polysaccharides was performed using molecular weight,monosaccharide composition,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy.The immunomodulatory activities were evaluated using the macrophage cell line,RAW264.7.Results:In this study,we found that the polysaccharides from the genus Polygonatum and Aspidistra were mainly comprised of fructose and glucose;the molecular weights were mostly concentrated between 4.6-6.2 kDa.The polysaccharides from species of genus Polygonatum differed in that they contained acetyl groups,while polysaccharides from species of genus Aspidistra did not.Paris and Trillium species polysaccharides mainly consisted of glucose and mannose;the molecular weights of the two major peaks were 6.3-13 kDa and 1-1.5 kDa,respectively;the main differences between polysaccharides were the ratio of glucose and mannose and the degree of branching.These results suggest that fructans might be the main feature of the family Asparagaceae and fructans with acetyl groups might be the main feature of the genus Polygonatum which is consistent with the results of previous studies.Additionally,all polysaccharides from the 10 plants promoted phagocytic activity.Some of them exhibited strong activity,including nitrogen monoxide release and TNF-αsecretion by RAW264.7 macrophages,indicating that they could be used as potential immunomodulatory agents.Conclusion:The molecular weight distribution,monosaccharide composition,and surface morphology of the polysaccharides of the Polygonatum and Aspidistra plants were similar,while those of Paris and Trillium plants were similar.These results support the APG classification system,which placed the genera Polygonatum and Aspidistra in the Asparagaceae family and placed the genera Paris and Trillium in the Melanthiaceae family.展开更多
Large-scale epidemiological studies have found that hyperhomocysteinemia is a powerful, independent risk factor for Alzheimer＇s disease. Trillium tschonoskii maxim is a traditional Chinese medicine that is used to pr...Large-scale epidemiological studies have found that hyperhomocysteinemia is a powerful, independent risk factor for Alzheimer＇s disease. Trillium tschonoskii maxim is a traditional Chinese medicine that is used to promote memory. However, scientific understanding of its mechanism of action is limited. This report studied the potential neuroprotective effects of Trillium tschonoskii maxim extract against homocysteine-induced cognitive deficits. Rats were intravenously injected with homocysteine（400 μg/kg） for 14 days to induce a model of Alzheimer＇s disease. These rats were then intragastrically treated with Trillium tschonoskii maxim extract（0.125 or 0.25 g/kg） for 7 consecutive days. Open field test and Morris water maze test were conducted to measure spontaneous activity and learning and memory abilities. Western blot assay was used to detect the levels of Tau protein and other factors involved in Tau phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemical staining was used to examine Tau protein in the hippocampus. Golgi staining was applied to measure hippocampal dendritic spines. Our results demonstrated that homocysteine produced learning and memory deficits and increased levels of Tau phosphorylation, and diminished the activity of catalytic protein phosphatase 2A. The total number of hippocampal dendritic spines was also decreased. Trillium tschonoskii maxim extract treatment reversed the homocysteine-induced changes. The above results suggest that Trillium tschonoskii maxim extract can lessen homocysteine-induced abnormal Tau phosphorylation and improve cognitive deterioration such as that present in Alzheimer＇s disease.展开更多
Introduction: Breast cancer cases, mastectomy and following reconstruction procedures are growing in numbers. Despite being lifesaving, mastectomies have a destructive psychological impact on the patients. On the othe...Introduction: Breast cancer cases, mastectomy and following reconstruction procedures are growing in numbers. Despite being lifesaving, mastectomies have a destructive psychological impact on the patients. On the other hand, breast reconstruction improves psychological damages within the same population. Various techniques for nipple reconstruction were described in literature. Trillium flap is an innovative technique to reconstruct neo-nipple with several advantages that make it superior to other popular flaps. Objectives: To come up with an innovative design for reconstructing a neo-nipple post mastectomy, that is superior to other popular flaps. Results: The Trillium flap design has less visible and easily camouflaged scars, is geometry-based, specific, well-detailed and flexible to produce a tailored nipple with any desired height and diameter and ensures the flaps good vascularity and the neo-nipple projection sustainability. Conclusion: Trillium flap is an innovative technique to reconstruct neo-nipple with several advantages that make it superior to other popular flaps. The results shown in the study are for experimental procedures done on human tissue samples of excised flaps from abdominoplasties and brachioplasties. Further application on actual cases is needed with monitoring of neo-nipple projection sustainability on the long term.展开更多
[Objectives] To analyze main components of polyphenols of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. and study changes under different Se concentrations. [Methods] In this experiment,the Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. was used and spec...[Objectives] To analyze main components of polyphenols of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. and study changes under different Se concentrations. [Methods] In this experiment,the Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. was used and spectrophotometry was applied to measure the total phenols in stems,leaves and rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. [Results]Total phenols in stems and leaves and rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. were 3. 026% and 0. 513% respectively,the content of total phenols in stems and leaves was 5. 9 times of that in rhizomes; total phenol extracting solution was analyzed through UV-Vis scanning,HPLC detection,and LC-MS; 3 main polyphenol compounds were obtained: chlorogenic acid,caffeic acid and rutin,in which chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid were firstly discovered in Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. and rutin was firstly discovered in stems and leaves of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. HPLC method was used to measure the content of chlorogenic acid,caffeic acid,and rutin in stems and leaves of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. under different Se concentrations. [Conclusions]The content of chlorogenic acid in stems and leaves of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. increases with the increase of Se concentration,showing Se promotes Se accumulation and the maximum content of chlorogenic acid is 2. 58%; the content of caffeic acid in stems and leaves of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. increases slightly with the Se concentration,showing the promotion of Se to accumulation of caffeic acid is not significant;the content of rutin in stems and leaves of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. firstly increases then declines with the increase in Se concentration,at25 mg/kg Se concentration,rutin reached the maximum value,showing the promotion of Se to rutin accumulation is not significant.展开更多
目的通过头顶一颗珠HPLC指纹图谱化学模式识别,评价秦巴及不同产地间药材的质量差异。方法采用Hibar C 18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),乙腈-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,建立头顶一颗珠HPLC指纹图谱,经相似度评价,聚类分析(CA)、主成...目的通过头顶一颗珠HPLC指纹图谱化学模式识别,评价秦巴及不同产地间药材的质量差异。方法采用Hibar C 18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),乙腈-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,建立头顶一颗珠HPLC指纹图谱,经相似度评价,聚类分析(CA)、主成分分析(PCA)及正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)研究秦巴及外产地10批样品的质量差异。结果头顶一颗珠指纹图谱匹配得到23个共有色谱峰,其中21~23号峰依次指认为重楼皂苷Ⅶ、偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)-〔O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)〕-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷及重楼皂苷Ⅵ,各批次相似度在0.706~0.958之间。经化学模式识别10批药材样品可聚为3类,其中秦巴产的湖北神农架及陕西药材PCA综合得分较高,质量较好。OPLS-DA筛选出11个影响各批药材质量差异的色谱峰。结论建立的中药指纹图谱化学模式识别方法能明确秦巴产头顶一颗珠的道地品质,为其开发利用提供了质量评价依据。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81373904 and No.81673535)National Key Research and Development Project(2019YFC1710604)Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Project(19YFZCSY00170).
文摘Background:The genera Paris,Trillium,Aspidistra,and Polygonatum originally belonged to the family Liliaceae;however,recently,in the APG system,the genera Polygonatum and Aspidistra were placed in the family Asparagaceae and the genera Paris and Trillium were placed in the family Melanthiaceae.Methods:To study the application of polysaccharide chemotaxonomy in Asparagaceae and Melanthiaceae,we extracted polysaccharides from the rhizomes of plants,including Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis,Paris daliensis,Paris polyphylla var.chinensis,Trillium tschonoskii,Aspidistra elatior,Aspidistra sichuanensis,Aspidistra caespitosa,Polygonatum sibiricum,Polygonatum cyrtonema,and Polygonatum kingianum.Physicochemical and structural characterization of these polysaccharides was performed using molecular weight,monosaccharide composition,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy.The immunomodulatory activities were evaluated using the macrophage cell line,RAW264.7.Results:In this study,we found that the polysaccharides from the genus Polygonatum and Aspidistra were mainly comprised of fructose and glucose;the molecular weights were mostly concentrated between 4.6-6.2 kDa.The polysaccharides from species of genus Polygonatum differed in that they contained acetyl groups,while polysaccharides from species of genus Aspidistra did not.Paris and Trillium species polysaccharides mainly consisted of glucose and mannose;the molecular weights of the two major peaks were 6.3-13 kDa and 1-1.5 kDa,respectively;the main differences between polysaccharides were the ratio of glucose and mannose and the degree of branching.These results suggest that fructans might be the main feature of the family Asparagaceae and fructans with acetyl groups might be the main feature of the genus Polygonatum which is consistent with the results of previous studies.Additionally,all polysaccharides from the 10 plants promoted phagocytic activity.Some of them exhibited strong activity,including nitrogen monoxide release and TNF-αsecretion by RAW264.7 macrophages,indicating that they could be used as potential immunomodulatory agents.Conclusion:The molecular weight distribution,monosaccharide composition,and surface morphology of the polysaccharides of the Polygonatum and Aspidistra plants were similar,while those of Paris and Trillium plants were similar.These results support the APG classification system,which placed the genera Polygonatum and Aspidistra in the Asparagaceae family and placed the genera Paris and Trillium in the Melanthiaceae family.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81260172,81660223the Opening Foundation of Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of China,No.PKLHB1318+2 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Hubei University for Nationalities of China,No.MY2011T005the Doctoral Fund of Hubei University for Nationalities of China,No.MY2012B015the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China,No.2017CFB451
文摘Large-scale epidemiological studies have found that hyperhomocysteinemia is a powerful, independent risk factor for Alzheimer＇s disease. Trillium tschonoskii maxim is a traditional Chinese medicine that is used to promote memory. However, scientific understanding of its mechanism of action is limited. This report studied the potential neuroprotective effects of Trillium tschonoskii maxim extract against homocysteine-induced cognitive deficits. Rats were intravenously injected with homocysteine（400 μg/kg） for 14 days to induce a model of Alzheimer＇s disease. These rats were then intragastrically treated with Trillium tschonoskii maxim extract（0.125 or 0.25 g/kg） for 7 consecutive days. Open field test and Morris water maze test were conducted to measure spontaneous activity and learning and memory abilities. Western blot assay was used to detect the levels of Tau protein and other factors involved in Tau phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Immunohistochemical staining was used to examine Tau protein in the hippocampus. Golgi staining was applied to measure hippocampal dendritic spines. Our results demonstrated that homocysteine produced learning and memory deficits and increased levels of Tau phosphorylation, and diminished the activity of catalytic protein phosphatase 2A. The total number of hippocampal dendritic spines was also decreased. Trillium tschonoskii maxim extract treatment reversed the homocysteine-induced changes. The above results suggest that Trillium tschonoskii maxim extract can lessen homocysteine-induced abnormal Tau phosphorylation and improve cognitive deterioration such as that present in Alzheimer＇s disease.
文摘Introduction: Breast cancer cases, mastectomy and following reconstruction procedures are growing in numbers. Despite being lifesaving, mastectomies have a destructive psychological impact on the patients. On the other hand, breast reconstruction improves psychological damages within the same population. Various techniques for nipple reconstruction were described in literature. Trillium flap is an innovative technique to reconstruct neo-nipple with several advantages that make it superior to other popular flaps. Objectives: To come up with an innovative design for reconstructing a neo-nipple post mastectomy, that is superior to other popular flaps. Results: The Trillium flap design has less visible and easily camouflaged scars, is geometry-based, specific, well-detailed and flexible to produce a tailored nipple with any desired height and diameter and ensures the flaps good vascularity and the neo-nipple projection sustainability. Conclusion: Trillium flap is an innovative technique to reconstruct neo-nipple with several advantages that make it superior to other popular flaps. The results shown in the study are for experimental procedures done on human tissue samples of excised flaps from abdominoplasties and brachioplasties. Further application on actual cases is needed with monitoring of neo-nipple projection sustainability on the long term.
基金Supported by the Innovation Group Project of Hubei Province Natural Science Foundation(2009CDA115)Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province(PKLHB1525&1526)Technology Research and Development Program of Enshi Prefecture(2013&2014)
文摘[Objectives] To analyze main components of polyphenols of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. and study changes under different Se concentrations. [Methods] In this experiment,the Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. was used and spectrophotometry was applied to measure the total phenols in stems,leaves and rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. [Results]Total phenols in stems and leaves and rhizomes of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. were 3. 026% and 0. 513% respectively,the content of total phenols in stems and leaves was 5. 9 times of that in rhizomes; total phenol extracting solution was analyzed through UV-Vis scanning,HPLC detection,and LC-MS; 3 main polyphenol compounds were obtained: chlorogenic acid,caffeic acid and rutin,in which chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid were firstly discovered in Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. and rutin was firstly discovered in stems and leaves of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. HPLC method was used to measure the content of chlorogenic acid,caffeic acid,and rutin in stems and leaves of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. under different Se concentrations. [Conclusions]The content of chlorogenic acid in stems and leaves of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. increases with the increase of Se concentration,showing Se promotes Se accumulation and the maximum content of chlorogenic acid is 2. 58%; the content of caffeic acid in stems and leaves of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. increases slightly with the Se concentration,showing the promotion of Se to accumulation of caffeic acid is not significant;the content of rutin in stems and leaves of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. firstly increases then declines with the increase in Se concentration,at25 mg/kg Se concentration,rutin reached the maximum value,showing the promotion of Se to rutin accumulation is not significant.
文摘目的通过头顶一颗珠HPLC指纹图谱化学模式识别,评价秦巴及不同产地间药材的质量差异。方法采用Hibar C 18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),乙腈-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,建立头顶一颗珠HPLC指纹图谱,经相似度评价,聚类分析(CA)、主成分分析(PCA)及正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)研究秦巴及外产地10批样品的质量差异。结果头顶一颗珠指纹图谱匹配得到23个共有色谱峰,其中21~23号峰依次指认为重楼皂苷Ⅶ、偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→4)-〔O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基-(1→2)〕-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷及重楼皂苷Ⅵ,各批次相似度在0.706~0.958之间。经化学模式识别10批药材样品可聚为3类,其中秦巴产的湖北神农架及陕西药材PCA综合得分较高,质量较好。OPLS-DA筛选出11个影响各批药材质量差异的色谱峰。结论建立的中药指纹图谱化学模式识别方法能明确秦巴产头顶一颗珠的道地品质,为其开发利用提供了质量评价依据。
