OBJECTIVE Numerous references made clear that triphala is revered as a multiuse therapeutic and perhaps even panacea historically.Nevertheless,the protective mechanism of triphala on cardio-cerebral vascular diseases(...OBJECTIVE Numerous references made clear that triphala is revered as a multiuse therapeutic and perhaps even panacea historically.Nevertheless,the protective mechanism of triphala on cardio-cerebral vascular diseases(CCVDs)remains not comprehensive understanding.Hence,a network pharmacology-based method was suggested in this study to address this problem.METHODS This study was based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis.Information on compounds in herbal medicines of triphala formula was acquired from public databases.Oral bioavailability as well as drug-likeness were screened by using absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)criteria.Then,components of triphala,candidate targets of each component and known therapeutic targets of CCVDs were collected.Compound-target gene and compounds-CCVDs target networks were created through network pharmacology data sources.In addition,key targets and pathway enrichment were analyzed by STRING database and DAVID database.Moreover,we verified three of the key targets(PTGS2,MMP9 and IL-6)predicted by using Western blotting analysis.RESULTS Network analysis determined 132 compounds in three herbal medicines that were subjected to ADME screening,and 23 compounds as well as 65 genes formed the principal pathways linked to CCVDs.And 10 compounds,which actually linked to more than three genes,are determined as crucial chemicals.Core genes in this network were IL-6,TNF,VEGFA,PTGS2,CXCL8,TP53,CCL2,IL-10,MMP9 and SERPINE1.And pathways in cancer,TNF signaling path⁃way,neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,etc.related to CCVDs were identified.In vitro experiments,the results indi⁃cated that compared with the control group(no treatment),PTGS2,MMP9 and IL-6 were up-regulated by treatment of 10μg·L^-1 TNF-α,while pretreatment with 20-80 mg·L^-1 triphala could significantly inhibit the expression of PTGS2,MMP9 and IL-6.With increasing Triphala concentration,the expression of PTGS2,MMP9 and IL-6 decreased.CON⁃CLUSION Complex components and pharmacological mechanism of triphala,and obtained some potential therapeutic targets of CCVDs,which could provide theoretical basis for the research and development of new drugs for treating CCVDs.展开更多
Background:Triphala extract is a well known medicinal herbal formula which is usually prescribed by Thai traditional doctors to adjust the physiological functions of the body.Previous studies have reported that Tripha...Background:Triphala extract is a well known medicinal herbal formula which is usually prescribed by Thai traditional doctors to adjust the physiological functions of the body.Previous studies have reported that Triphala has antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antihypercholesterolemia and anticancer properties.Though this herbal recipe is commonly used in Thailand,its human safety,especially in the oral form,has not been studied.We therefore conducted a clinical trial(Phase I).Objective:This study evaluated the safety of administering the aqueous extract of Triphala to healthy volunteers at 2500 mg/d.Design,setting,participants and interventions:An open-label,single-arm trial was conducted at Chulabhorn International College of Medicine,Thammasat University,Pathum Thani,Thailand,between July 2017 and July 2018.The study enrolled 10 male and 10 female healthy volunteers;all were given Triphala(water extract;five capsules of 500 mg each)orally,once a day,at bedtime,for four consecutive weeks.Main outcome measures:Signs and symptoms,physical examinations,hematology and blood chemistry were assessed at the beginning of the trial and every week thereafter,for four consecutive weeks.After finishing the trial,on day 28,all volunteers were invited to a follow-up session on day 35 to evaluate the safety of the herbal recipe using the same measurements.Results:At the oral dose of 2500 mg/d,Triphala had no serious adverse effects in healthy volunteers.Moreover,it was found to have significantly improved the volunteers’high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)levels on day 35 and also reduced their blood sugar levels on days 14 and 35.Conclusions:We conclude that aqueous extract of Triphala is safe for healthy volunteers and that it elevates HDL-C levels and lowers blood sugar.Further clinical study should investigate its effects on HDL-C and blood sugar levels among the dyslipidemic and prediabetic groups.Trial registration:This trial was registered in the Thai Clinical Trial Registry with the identifier TCTR20180423002.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the nephroprotective and antioxidant properties of Triphala against bromobenzene-induced nephrotoxicity in female Wistar albino rats. METHODS: Animals were d...OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the nephroprotective and antioxidant properties of Triphala against bromobenzene-induced nephrotoxicity in female Wistar albino rats. METHODS: Animals were divided into five groups of six rats and treated as follows: Group I was a normal control and received no treatment, Group II received only bromobenzene(10 mmol/kg), Groups III and IV received bromobenzene and Triphala(250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively), Group V received Triphala alone(500 mg/kg), and Group VI received bromobenzene and silymarin(100 mg/kg). Antioxidant status and serum kidney functional markers were analyzed.RESULTS: Bromobenzene treatment resulted in significant(P < 0.05) decreases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase as well as total reduced glutathione. There was a significant(P < 0.05) increase in lipid peroxidation in kidney tissue homogenates. There were significant(P < 0.05) reductions in the levels of serum total protein and albumin as well as significant(P < 0.05) increases in serum creatinine, urea and uric acid. The oral administration of two different doses(250 and 500 mg/kg) of Triphala in bromobenzene-treated rats normalized the tested parameters. The histopathological examinations of kidney sections of the experimental rats support the biochemical observations. CONCLUSION: Triphala treatment alleviated the nephrotoxic effects of bromobenzene by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and reducing the levels of lipid peroxidation and kidney functional markers.展开更多
Alumina nanoparticles(AINP) were synthesized from aluminium nitrate using extracts of tea,coffee and triphala—a well known herbal plant as well as a nontoxic and eco—friendly green material.The synthesis was carried...Alumina nanoparticles(AINP) were synthesized from aluminium nitrate using extracts of tea,coffee and triphala—a well known herbal plant as well as a nontoxic and eco—friendly green material.The synthesis was carried out taking 1:4 ratio of metal salt and these extracts under microwave irradiations at 540 W,which gave better yield of nanoparticles.Water was taken as solvent medium.The formations of AINP were initially monitored by the colour changes occurring in the reaction mixture during the incubation period.As synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM),UV-Visible(UV-Vis) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).The AINP were found to be spherical in shape in case of tea and coffee extracts with a size of 50-200 nm and to be oval shaped in case of triphala extract with an average size of 200-400 nm.The formation of AINP with the microwave-assistance using these plant extracts has proved to be very faster than any other methods.In addition,excellent reproducibility of these nanoparticles,without the use of any additional capping agent or stabilizer will have great advantages in comparison with microbial synthesis,avoiding all the tedious and hygienic complications.展开更多
探究煎煮时间对三果汤成分转化及抗疲劳作用的影响。采用HPLC法跟踪煎煮过程中三果汤的成分变化,通过偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)筛选出12个差异成分,其中已鉴定的有7个,它们在煎煮过程中...探究煎煮时间对三果汤成分转化及抗疲劳作用的影响。采用HPLC法跟踪煎煮过程中三果汤的成分变化,通过偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)筛选出12个差异成分,其中已鉴定的有7个,它们在煎煮过程中的含量变化为:没食子酸、诃子次酸增加,诃子酸、诃黎勒酸、没食子酸乙酯、鞣花酸降低,柯里拉京先增加后降低。抗疲劳评价实验中,小鼠游泳时间及11种疲劳相关指标测定结果显示,煎煮时间越长,三果汤抗疲劳能力越强。差异化合物中与抗疲劳药效相关性最大的为没食子酸和诃子次酸。说明煎煮会促使三果汤大分子鞣质水解成没食子酸和诃子次酸,且这种水解有利于抗疲劳作用的发挥。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81603385)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M643843)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2017JM8056)Key Research and Development Foundation of Shaanxi province(2018SF-241)
文摘OBJECTIVE Numerous references made clear that triphala is revered as a multiuse therapeutic and perhaps even panacea historically.Nevertheless,the protective mechanism of triphala on cardio-cerebral vascular diseases(CCVDs)remains not comprehensive understanding.Hence,a network pharmacology-based method was suggested in this study to address this problem.METHODS This study was based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis.Information on compounds in herbal medicines of triphala formula was acquired from public databases.Oral bioavailability as well as drug-likeness were screened by using absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)criteria.Then,components of triphala,candidate targets of each component and known therapeutic targets of CCVDs were collected.Compound-target gene and compounds-CCVDs target networks were created through network pharmacology data sources.In addition,key targets and pathway enrichment were analyzed by STRING database and DAVID database.Moreover,we verified three of the key targets(PTGS2,MMP9 and IL-6)predicted by using Western blotting analysis.RESULTS Network analysis determined 132 compounds in three herbal medicines that were subjected to ADME screening,and 23 compounds as well as 65 genes formed the principal pathways linked to CCVDs.And 10 compounds,which actually linked to more than three genes,are determined as crucial chemicals.Core genes in this network were IL-6,TNF,VEGFA,PTGS2,CXCL8,TP53,CCL2,IL-10,MMP9 and SERPINE1.And pathways in cancer,TNF signaling path⁃way,neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,etc.related to CCVDs were identified.In vitro experiments,the results indi⁃cated that compared with the control group(no treatment),PTGS2,MMP9 and IL-6 were up-regulated by treatment of 10μg·L^-1 TNF-α,while pretreatment with 20-80 mg·L^-1 triphala could significantly inhibit the expression of PTGS2,MMP9 and IL-6.With increasing Triphala concentration,the expression of PTGS2,MMP9 and IL-6 decreased.CON⁃CLUSION Complex components and pharmacological mechanism of triphala,and obtained some potential therapeutic targets of CCVDs,which could provide theoretical basis for the research and development of new drugs for treating CCVDs.
基金the Thai Traditional Medical Knowledge Fund for its research grant.
文摘Background:Triphala extract is a well known medicinal herbal formula which is usually prescribed by Thai traditional doctors to adjust the physiological functions of the body.Previous studies have reported that Triphala has antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antihypercholesterolemia and anticancer properties.Though this herbal recipe is commonly used in Thailand,its human safety,especially in the oral form,has not been studied.We therefore conducted a clinical trial(Phase I).Objective:This study evaluated the safety of administering the aqueous extract of Triphala to healthy volunteers at 2500 mg/d.Design,setting,participants and interventions:An open-label,single-arm trial was conducted at Chulabhorn International College of Medicine,Thammasat University,Pathum Thani,Thailand,between July 2017 and July 2018.The study enrolled 10 male and 10 female healthy volunteers;all were given Triphala(water extract;five capsules of 500 mg each)orally,once a day,at bedtime,for four consecutive weeks.Main outcome measures:Signs and symptoms,physical examinations,hematology and blood chemistry were assessed at the beginning of the trial and every week thereafter,for four consecutive weeks.After finishing the trial,on day 28,all volunteers were invited to a follow-up session on day 35 to evaluate the safety of the herbal recipe using the same measurements.Results:At the oral dose of 2500 mg/d,Triphala had no serious adverse effects in healthy volunteers.Moreover,it was found to have significantly improved the volunteers’high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)levels on day 35 and also reduced their blood sugar levels on days 14 and 35.Conclusions:We conclude that aqueous extract of Triphala is safe for healthy volunteers and that it elevates HDL-C levels and lowers blood sugar.Further clinical study should investigate its effects on HDL-C and blood sugar levels among the dyslipidemic and prediabetic groups.Trial registration:This trial was registered in the Thai Clinical Trial Registry with the identifier TCTR20180423002.
文摘OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the nephroprotective and antioxidant properties of Triphala against bromobenzene-induced nephrotoxicity in female Wistar albino rats. METHODS: Animals were divided into five groups of six rats and treated as follows: Group I was a normal control and received no treatment, Group II received only bromobenzene(10 mmol/kg), Groups III and IV received bromobenzene and Triphala(250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively), Group V received Triphala alone(500 mg/kg), and Group VI received bromobenzene and silymarin(100 mg/kg). Antioxidant status and serum kidney functional markers were analyzed.RESULTS: Bromobenzene treatment resulted in significant(P < 0.05) decreases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase as well as total reduced glutathione. There was a significant(P < 0.05) increase in lipid peroxidation in kidney tissue homogenates. There were significant(P < 0.05) reductions in the levels of serum total protein and albumin as well as significant(P < 0.05) increases in serum creatinine, urea and uric acid. The oral administration of two different doses(250 and 500 mg/kg) of Triphala in bromobenzene-treated rats normalized the tested parameters. The histopathological examinations of kidney sections of the experimental rats support the biochemical observations. CONCLUSION: Triphala treatment alleviated the nephrotoxic effects of bromobenzene by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and reducing the levels of lipid peroxidation and kidney functional markers.
文摘Alumina nanoparticles(AINP) were synthesized from aluminium nitrate using extracts of tea,coffee and triphala—a well known herbal plant as well as a nontoxic and eco—friendly green material.The synthesis was carried out taking 1:4 ratio of metal salt and these extracts under microwave irradiations at 540 W,which gave better yield of nanoparticles.Water was taken as solvent medium.The formations of AINP were initially monitored by the colour changes occurring in the reaction mixture during the incubation period.As synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM),UV-Visible(UV-Vis) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).The AINP were found to be spherical in shape in case of tea and coffee extracts with a size of 50-200 nm and to be oval shaped in case of triphala extract with an average size of 200-400 nm.The formation of AINP with the microwave-assistance using these plant extracts has proved to be very faster than any other methods.In addition,excellent reproducibility of these nanoparticles,without the use of any additional capping agent or stabilizer will have great advantages in comparison with microbial synthesis,avoiding all the tedious and hygienic complications.
文摘探究煎煮时间对三果汤成分转化及抗疲劳作用的影响。采用HPLC法跟踪煎煮过程中三果汤的成分变化,通过偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)筛选出12个差异成分,其中已鉴定的有7个,它们在煎煮过程中的含量变化为:没食子酸、诃子次酸增加,诃子酸、诃黎勒酸、没食子酸乙酯、鞣花酸降低,柯里拉京先增加后降低。抗疲劳评价实验中,小鼠游泳时间及11种疲劳相关指标测定结果显示,煎煮时间越长,三果汤抗疲劳能力越强。差异化合物中与抗疲劳药效相关性最大的为没食子酸和诃子次酸。说明煎煮会促使三果汤大分子鞣质水解成没食子酸和诃子次酸,且这种水解有利于抗疲劳作用的发挥。
