With the evolution of nanomedicine,the past decades witnessed diversified nanomaterials as marvelous antitumor tools ushering in a new era of tumor diagnosis and treatment.Among them,two-dimensional layered nanomateri...With the evolution of nanomedicine,the past decades witnessed diversified nanomaterials as marvelous antitumor tools ushering in a new era of tumor diagnosis and treatment.Among them,two-dimensional layered nanomaterial as an emerging class of nanomaterials has one dimension less than 100 nm,showing a high specific area and the thinnest sheet-like structure(Liu S,Pan X,Liu H.Twodimensional nanomaterials for photothermal therapy.Angew Chem Int Ed 2020;59:5890–900).The discovery of graphene drove the exploration of various new two-dimensional layered nanomaterials for tumor diagnosis and treatment including graphene-based nanomaterials,black phosphorus(BP),transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs),layered double hydroxides(LDHs),and bismuth oxyhalides(BiOX,X=F,Cl,Br,I)(Ma H,Xue MQ.Recent advances in the photothermal applications of two-dimensional nanomaterial:photothermal therapy and beyond.J Mater Chem 2021;9:17569).On the one hand,they exhibit strong near-infrared(NIR)absorption and the capacity of optimizing corresponding properties by adjusting the crystal structure.On the other hand,they own unique strengths such as fantastic physicochemical properties(graphene-based nanomaterials),high loading capacity(BP),distinct phase-dependent optical properties(TMDs),a specific chemical response to the tumor microenvironment(LDHs),and large X-ray attenuation coefficient(BiOX).Herein,we briefly introduce three typical two-dimensional layered nanomaterials,their prospects and future research priorities in tumor diagnosis and treatment are concluded.展开更多
The paper summarizes the recent achievements in the area of ultrafast fiber lasers mode-locked with so-called lowdimensional nanomaterials: graphene, topological insulators（Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3, Sb2Te3）, and transition me...The paper summarizes the recent achievements in the area of ultrafast fiber lasers mode-locked with so-called lowdimensional nanomaterials: graphene, topological insulators（Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3, Sb2Te3）, and transition metal sulfide semiconductors, like molybdenum disulfide（MoS2）. The most important experimental achievements are described and compared. Additionally, new original results on ultrashort pulse generation at 1.94 μm wavelength using graphene are presented. The designed Tm-doped fiber laser utilizes multilayer graphene as a saturable absorber and generates 654 fs pulses at 1940 nm wavelength, which are currently the shortest pulses generated from a Tm-doped fiber laser with a graphene-based saturable absorber.展开更多
Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is a promising non-invasive therapy approach for various diseases including malignant tumor.The process of PDT involves three interrelated aspects,namely photosensitizer(PS),light source,and o...Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is a promising non-invasive therapy approach for various diseases including malignant tumor.The process of PDT involves three interrelated aspects,namely photosensitizer(PS),light source,and oxygen,among which PS is the decisive factor that determines its anticancer efficiency.There exist some defects in currently applied PDT,such as inadequate production of reactive oxygen species(ROS),poor penetration of exciting light,insufficient oxygen supply,and nonselective distribution of PS.With unique physicochemical and optical properties,two-dimensional nanomaterials(2DNMs)have aroused great interest in biomedical fields.2DNMs-based PDT is promising to significantly improve antitumor efficacy compared to conventional PDT.In this review,we will firstly introduce the underlying mechanism of PDT and how 2DNMs are absorbed and distribute inside tumor cells.After that,we will not only illustrate how 2DNMs-based PDT can enhance tumor-killing efficacy and minimize side-effects through conquering the above-mentioned defects of conventional PDT and the preparation process of 2DNMs,but also elaborate recent advances about 2DNMs-based PDT.Lastly,we will summarize the challenges and future prospects of 2DNMs-based PDT.展开更多
Research on flexible or wearable electronics has been grown remarkably due to the advent of nanomaterials,such as metal nanowires,graphene,or transition metal dichalcogenides.Although each nanomaterial has mechanical ...Research on flexible or wearable electronics has been grown remarkably due to the advent of nanomaterials,such as metal nanowires,graphene,or transition metal dichalcogenides.Although each nanomaterial has mechanical and electrical characteristics that can be applied into flexible electronics,the limitations of each nanomaterial are also clear.In order to overcome the limitations of these nanomaterials,research on the hybrid structures of nanomaterials has been extensively conducted.In this study,we introduce the properties of one-dimensional nanomaterials,twodimensional nanomaterials,and their hybrid nanomaterials.And then,we provide information concerning various flexible electronics based on these nanomaterials.展开更多
The field of two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterial-based cancer immunotherapy combines research from multiple subdisciplines of material science,nano-chemistry,in particular nanobiological interactions,immunology,and medici...The field of two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterial-based cancer immunotherapy combines research from multiple subdisciplines of material science,nano-chemistry,in particular nanobiological interactions,immunology,and medicinal chemistry.Most importantly,the"biological identity"of nanomaterials governed by bio-molecular corona in terms of bimolecular types,relative abundance,and conformation at the nanomaterial surface is now believed to influence blood circulation time,biodistribution,immune response,cellular uptake,and intracellular trafficking.A better understanding of nano-bio interactions can improve utilization of 2D nano-architectures for cancer immunotherapy and immunotheranostics,allowing them to be adapted or modified to treat other immune dysregulation syndromes including autoimmune diseases or inflammation,infection,tissue regeneration,and transplantation.The manuscript reviews the biological interactions and immunotherapeutic applications of 2D nanomaterials,including understanding their interactions with biological molecules of the immune system,summarizes and prospects the applications of 2D nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy.展开更多
For more than a decade,the exfoliation of graphene and other layered materials has led to a tremendous amount of research in two-dimensional(2D)materials,among which 2D transition metal chalcogenides(TMCs)nanomaterial...For more than a decade,the exfoliation of graphene and other layered materials has led to a tremendous amount of research in two-dimensional(2D)materials,among which 2D transition metal chalcogenides(TMCs)nanomaterials have attracted much attention in a wide range of applications including photoelectric devices,lithium-ion batteries,catalysis,and energy conversion and storage owing to their unique photoelectric physical properties.With such large specific surface area,strong near-infrared(NIR)absorption and abundant chemical element composition,2D TMCs nanomaterials have become good candidates in biomedical imaging and cancer treatment.This review systematically summarizes recent progress on 2D TMCs nanomaterials,which includes their synthesis methods and applications in cancer treatment.At the end of this review,we also highlight the future prospects and challenges of 2D TMCs nanomaterials.It is expected that this work can provide the readers with a detailed overview of the synthesis of 2D TMCs and inspire more novel functional biomaterials based on 2D TMCs for cancer treatment in the future.展开更多
Hydrogen(H2)is considered to be a promising substitute for fossil fuels.Two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials have exhibited an efficient electrocatalytic capacity to catalyze hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Particularly,...Hydrogen(H2)is considered to be a promising substitute for fossil fuels.Two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials have exhibited an efficient electrocatalytic capacity to catalyze hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Particularly,phase engineering of 2D nanomaterials is opening a novel research direction to endow 2D nanostructures with fascinating properties for deep applications in catalyzing HER.In this review,we briefly summarize the research progress and present the current challenges on phase engineering of 2D nanomaterials for their applications in electrocatalytic HER.Our summary will be of significance to provide fundamental understanding for designing novel 2D nanomaterials with unconventional phases to electrochemically catalyze HER.展开更多
Oxygen evolution reaction(OER) is a bottle-neck process in many sustainable energy conversion systems due to its sluggish kinetics.The development of cost-effective yet efficient electrocatalysts towards OER is highly...Oxygen evolution reaction(OER) is a bottle-neck process in many sustainable energy conversion systems due to its sluggish kinetics.The development of cost-effective yet efficient electrocatalysts towards OER is highly desirable but still a great challenge at current stage.Herein,a new type of hybrid nanostructure,consisting of two-dimensional(2D) Cerium-doped NiFe-layered double hydroxide nanoflakes directly grown on the 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene surface(denoted as NiFeCe-LDH/MXene),is designed using a facile insitu coprecipitation method.The resultant NiFeCe-LDH/MXene hybrid presents a hierarchical nanoporous structure,high electrical conductivity and strong interfacial junction because of the synergistic effect of Ce doping and MXene coupling.As a result,the hybrid catalyst exhibits an excellent catalytic activity for OER,delivering a low onset overpotential of 197 mV and an overpotential of 260 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm-2 in the alkaline medium,much lower than its pure LDH counterparts and IrO2 catalyst.Besides,the hybrid catalyst also displays a fast reaction kinetics and a remarkable stable durability.Further theoretic studies using density function theory(DFT) methods reveal that Ce doping could effectively narrow the bandgap of NiFe-LDH and reduce the overpotential in OER process.This work may shed light on the exploration of advanced electrocatalysts for renewable energy conversion and storage systems.展开更多
The topic of superlubricity is attracting considerable interest around the world while humanity is facing an energy crisis.Since various liquid superlubricity systems can be commonly achieved on the macroscale in ambi...The topic of superlubricity is attracting considerable interest around the world while humanity is facing an energy crisis.Since various liquid superlubricity systems can be commonly achieved on the macroscale in ambient conditions,it is considered an effective solution to reduce unnecessary energy and material losses.However,certain practical problems such as low load-bearing pressure,dependence on hydrogen ions,and relatively long running-in processes still limit its widespread application.Two-dimensional(2D)nano-additives with ultrathin longitudinal dimensions can lower the shear resistance between sliding solid surfaces,and thus further optimize the applied conditions.In this review,the latest studies on 2D nano-additives with a combination of various water-based lubricants in the state of superlubricity are reported,typically including black phosphorus(BP),graphene oxide(GO),and layered double hydroxide.During the sliding process,composite lubricants effectively improved the load capacity(up to 600 MPa),reduced wear,and accelerated the running-in period(within 1,000 s)of the liquid superlubricity system.Both macromechanical experiments and microscopic tests are conducted to precisely analyze various interactions at the interfaces of the nano-additives and solid surfaces.These interactions can be described as tribochemical reactions,physical protection,and adsorption enhancement,and improved wear resistance.This review provides better guidance for applying 2D nanomaterials in liquid superlubricity systems.展开更多
Recently,tissue engineering has developed into a powerful tool for repairing and reconstructing damaged tissues and organs.Tissue engineering scaffolds play a vital role in tissue engineering,as they not only provide ...Recently,tissue engineering has developed into a powerful tool for repairing and reconstructing damaged tissues and organs.Tissue engineering scaffolds play a vital role in tissue engineering,as they not only provide structural support for targeted cells but also serve as templates that guide tissue regeneration and control the tissue structure.Over the past few years,owing to unique physicochemical properties and excellent biocompatibility,various types of two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials have been developed as candidates for the construction of tissue engineering scaffolds,enabling remarkable achievements in bone repair,wound healing,neural regeneration,and cardiac tissue engineering.These efforts have significantly advanced the development of tissue engineering.In this review,we summarize the latest advancements in the application of 2D nanomaterials in tissue engineering.First,each typical 2D nanomaterial is introduced briefly,followed by a detailed description of its applications in tissue engineering.Finally,the existing challenges and prospects for the future of the application of 2D nanomaterials in tissue engineering are discussed.展开更多
In recent years, graphene has been widely employed in the field of metal corrosion protection owing to its outstanding impermeability and chemical stability, with examples of such metal protection including pure graph...In recent years, graphene has been widely employed in the field of metal corrosion protection owing to its outstanding impermeability and chemical stability, with examples of such metal protection including pure graphene coatings and graphene-based composite coatings. But the conductive graphene could promote the electrochemical reaction at the interface and accelerate the corrosion of metal substrates. More emerging graphene-like 2D nanosheets are attracting research attention for the application of metal anticorrosion, because of their barrier properties and poor conductivity, mainly including boron nitride(BN),molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2)), zirconium phosphate(ZrP), and titanium carbide(MXene). In this review,the application of these graphene-like 2D nanosheets to metal protection is comprehensively reviewed.First, the general preparation methods of 2D nanosheets are briefly introduced. Second, surface functionalization of 2D nanosheets, including covalent and non-covalent modification, is described in detail.Third, the anticorrosion performance and optimization measures of pure 2D nanosheets coatings are summarized. Next, the protection performance, anticorrosive mechanism, and optimizations of 2D nanosheets composite coatings are presented. Finally, the future development of 2D nanosheets-based anticorrosive coatings has been prospected, and the challenges in the industrial application are discussed.展开更多
In recent years, attempts to improve the mechanical properties of composites have increased remarkably owing to the inadequate utilization of matrices in demanding technological systems where efficiency, durability, a...In recent years, attempts to improve the mechanical properties of composites have increased remarkably owing to the inadequate utilization of matrices in demanding technological systems where efficiency, durability, and environmental compatibility are the key requirements. The search for novel materials that can potentially have enhanced mechanical properties continues. Recent studies have demonstrated that two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials can act as excellent reinforcements because they possess high modulus of elasticity, high strength, and ultralow friction. By incorporating 2D nanomaterials in a composite, 2D nanomaterial-based composites (2DNBCs) have been developed. In view of this, a critical review of recent mechanical and tribological studies based on 2DNBCs has been undertaken. Matrices such as polymers, ceramics, and metals, as well as most of the representative 2D nanomaterial reinforcements such as graphene, boron nitride (BN), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) have been included in this review. Their preparation strategies, intrinsic mechanical properties, friction and lubrication performances, strengthening mechanisms, influencing factors, and potential applications have been comprehensively discussed. A brief summary and prospects are given in the final part, which would be useful in designing and fabricating advanced 2D nanocomposites in the future.展开更多
Electrochemical catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction are a critical component for many renewable energy applications. To improve their catalytic kinetics and mass activity are essential for sustainable industrial a...Electrochemical catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction are a critical component for many renewable energy applications. To improve their catalytic kinetics and mass activity are essential for sustainable industrial applications. Here, we report a rare-earth metal-based oxide electrocatalyst comprised of ultrathin amorphous La2O3 nanosheets hybridized with uniform La2O3 nanoparticles(La2O3@NP-NS). Significantly improved OER performance is observed from the nanosheets with a nanometer-scale thickness. The as-synthesized 2.27-nm La2O3@NP-NS exhibits excellent catalytic kinetics with an overpotential of 310 mV at 10 m A cm^-2, a small Tafel slope of 43.1 mV dec^-1, and electrochemical impedance of 38 Ω. More importantly, due to the ultrasmall thickness, its mass activity, and turnover frequency reach as high as 6666.7 A g^-1 and 5.79 s^-1, respectively, at an overpotential of 310 mV. Such a high mass activity is more than three orders of magnitude higher than benchmark OER electrocatalysts, such as IrO2 and RuO2. This work presents a sustainable approach toward the development of highly e cient electrocatalysts with largely reduced mass loading of precious elements.展开更多
Medium-entropy oxides(MEOs)with broad compositional tunability and entropy-driven structural stability,are receiving booming attention as a promising candidate for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts.Meanwh...Medium-entropy oxides(MEOs)with broad compositional tunability and entropy-driven structural stability,are receiving booming attention as a promising candidate for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts.Meanwhile,ultrathin two-dimensional(2D)nanostructure offers extremely large specific surface area and is therefore considered to be an ideal catalyst structure.However,it remains a grant challenge to synthesize ultrathin 2D MEOs due to distinct nucleation and growth kinetics of constituent multimetallic elements in 2D anisotropic systems.In this work,an ultrathin 2D MEO(MnFeCoNi)O was successfully synthesized by a facile and low-temperature ionic layer epitaxy method.Benefiting from multi-metal synergistic effects within ultrathin 2D nanostructure,this 2D MEO(MnFeCoNi)O revealed excellent OER electrocatalytic performance with a quite low overpotential of 117 mV at 10 mA·cm^(-2) and an impressive stability for 120 h continuous operation with only 6.9%decay.Especially,the extremely high mass activity(5584.3 A·g^(-1))was three orders of magnitude higher than benchmark RuO_(2)(3.4 A·g^(-1))at the same overpotential of 117 mV.This work opens up a new avenue for developing highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts by creating 2D nanostructured MEOs.展开更多
Transition metal-containing MXene has shown great potential in the promising research fields,and its performance strongly depends on the composition,structure,dimension,and surface chemistry.Thus,rational design and c...Transition metal-containing MXene has shown great potential in the promising research fields,and its performance strongly depends on the composition,structure,dimension,and surface chemistry.Thus,rational design and controllable synthesis of ultrathin two-dimensional(2D)MXene nanosheets with uniform surface terminations are of great importance.However,the use of 2D MXene,particularly in solar-powered photocatalysis and electrocatalysis,is restricted by the formation of thick,multi-layered MXene flakes with a small interlayer spacing produced from the conventional hydrofluoric acid(HF)etching method.In this work,we report a few-layer MXene nanosheets by solely employing a mixture of lithium fluoride and hydrochloric acid as the etching reagent.Synergic etching and intercalation technique endows MXene with ultrathin 2D nanostructures;moreover,the use of fluoride salt,rather than harmful HF,offers a safer and environmentally-friendly synthetic route for scalable green production of 2D MXene.Both the obtained Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)and Nb_(2)CT_(x)nanosheets show a highly efficient photoelectrochemical performance superior to highly stacked MXene flakes.This work highlights a mild,simultaneous etching and delamination strategy for the development of high quality of 2D MXene nanosheets.展开更多
Broadband light detection and sensing are widely applied in modern technology.As a promising candidate for next-generation two-dimensional(2D)optoelectronic material,bismuth oxyselenide(Bi_(2)O_(2)Se)nanoplates exhibi...Broadband light detection and sensing are widely applied in modern technology.As a promising candidate for next-generation two-dimensional(2D)optoelectronic material,bismuth oxyselenide(Bi_(2)O_(2)Se)nanoplates exhibit many prospects in the application of visible light detection due to their peculiar properties.In this work,we report the photodetection performance of single-crystal 2D Bi_(2)O_(2)Se nanoplates grown on SiO_(2)based on a ternary-alloy growth model by utilizing chemical vapor deposition(CVD).The Bi_(2)O_(2)Se nanoplates were found to have an even and uniform square shape with side lengths up to 15μm and an approximate thickness of 15 nm.A visible-light photodetector was fabricated based on a CVD-grown Bi_(2)O_(2)Se nanoplate,and characterized by a set of illumination experiments using a 400 nm laser at temperatures ranging from 77 to 370 K.The device exhibited superior performance at the temperature of 77 K,with a responsivity of 523 A/W,a specific detectivity of 1.37×10^(11)Jones,a response time of 0.2175 ms,an external quantum efficiency of 162,119.44%,resulting in high-quality and fullcolor imaging in the visible spectrum.These results indicate that the single-crystalline Bi_(2)O_(2)Se nanoplates have excellent potential in broadband photodetection and non-cryogenic imaging.展开更多
Electrochemical reduction of N2,as an eco-friendly alternative,not only allows the use of protons in water as a source of hydrogen under mild conditions but also can be driven by renewable electric energy.The major ch...Electrochemical reduction of N2,as an eco-friendly alternative,not only allows the use of protons in water as a source of hydrogen under mild conditions but also can be driven by renewable electric energy.The major challenge is to identify high-efficiency electrocatalysts.MXene is a new class of 2D transition metal carbides,nitrides,and carbonitrides that have received significant attention in electrocatalysis.The investigations on MXene in electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation are rapidly proceeding,and some breakthroughs have emerged ve ry recently due to MXenes’satisfacto ry catalytic activity.Here,the recent progress concerning the MXene-based catalysts for electrochemical N2 reduction reaction(NRR)is highlighted.In regards to giving guidelines for exploring more efficient MXene-based catalysts for the NRR,the fabrication and surface modification of MXene are discussed.Besides,the shortcomings and challenges of current research are summarized and the future research directions are prospected.展开更多
Although lithium-sulfur batteries are considered one of the most potential next-generation energy storage systems owing to their high-energy density, the dissolution and shuttle of intermediate lithium polysulfides pr...Although lithium-sulfur batteries are considered one of the most potential next-generation energy storage systems owing to their high-energy density, the dissolution and shuttle of intermediate lithium polysulfides primarily limit their commercial applications. Currently, the search for new materials for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries has become a global research hotspot.MXenes, two dimensional inorganic compound comprising several layers of transition metal carbide, nitride, or car-bonitride,are actively investigated owing to their large specific surface area, good conductivity, and excellent cycle and rate performance.This article firstly reviews the breakthrough of MXenes in lithium-sulfur batteries, introduces the preparation methods and structural characteristics, and summarizes the specific applications and modification mechanisms in lithium-sulfur batteries.Then, the characteristics and advantages of MXenes as a composite electrode material for lithium-sulfur batteries are highlighted. Finally, the potential in future commercial applications is summarized.展开更多
Metal-organic framework(MOF)nanosheets and covalent organic framework(COF)nanosheets as emerging porous materials nanosheets have captured increasing attention owing to their attractive properties originating from the...Metal-organic framework(MOF)nanosheets and covalent organic framework(COF)nanosheets as emerging porous materials nanosheets have captured increasing attention owing to their attractive properties originating from the advantages of large lateral size,ultrathin thickness,tailorable physiochemical environment,flexibility and highly accessible active sites on surface,and the applications of them have been explored in a wide range of fields.Although MOF and COF nanosheets own many similar properties,their applications in various fields show significant differences,probably due to their different compositions and bonding modes.Hence,we summarize the recent progress of MOF and COF nanosheets by comparative analysis on their advantages and limitations in synthesis and applications,providing a more profound and full-scale perspective for researchers or beginners to understand this field.Herein,the categories of preparation methods of MOF and COF nanosheets are firstly discussed,including top-down and bottom-up methods.Secondly,the applications of MOF and COF nanosheets for separation,catalysis,sensing and energy storage are summarized.Finally,based on current achievements,we put forward our personal insights into the challenges and outlooks on the synthesis,characterizations,and promising applications for future research of MOF and COF nanosheets.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32025021,31971292,and 32111540257)National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC0910601,2019YFA0405603)+1 种基金the Science&Technology Bureau of Ningbo City(2020Z094)the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2020C03110)。
文摘With the evolution of nanomedicine,the past decades witnessed diversified nanomaterials as marvelous antitumor tools ushering in a new era of tumor diagnosis and treatment.Among them,two-dimensional layered nanomaterial as an emerging class of nanomaterials has one dimension less than 100 nm,showing a high specific area and the thinnest sheet-like structure(Liu S,Pan X,Liu H.Twodimensional nanomaterials for photothermal therapy.Angew Chem Int Ed 2020;59:5890–900).The discovery of graphene drove the exploration of various new two-dimensional layered nanomaterials for tumor diagnosis and treatment including graphene-based nanomaterials,black phosphorus(BP),transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs),layered double hydroxides(LDHs),and bismuth oxyhalides(BiOX,X=F,Cl,Br,I)(Ma H,Xue MQ.Recent advances in the photothermal applications of two-dimensional nanomaterial:photothermal therapy and beyond.J Mater Chem 2021;9:17569).On the one hand,they exhibit strong near-infrared(NIR)absorption and the capacity of optimizing corresponding properties by adjusting the crystal structure.On the other hand,they own unique strengths such as fantastic physicochemical properties(graphene-based nanomaterials),high loading capacity(BP),distinct phase-dependent optical properties(TMDs),a specific chemical response to the tumor microenvironment(LDHs),and large X-ray attenuation coefficient(BiOX).Herein,we briefly introduce three typical two-dimensional layered nanomaterials,their prospects and future research priorities in tumor diagnosis and treatment are concluded.
基金supported by the National Science Centre (NCN, Poland) under the research project entitled “Passive mode-locking in dispersion-managed ultrafast thulium-doped fiber lasers” (decision no. DEC-2013/11/D/ST7/03138)
文摘The paper summarizes the recent achievements in the area of ultrafast fiber lasers mode-locked with so-called lowdimensional nanomaterials: graphene, topological insulators（Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3, Sb2Te3）, and transition metal sulfide semiconductors, like molybdenum disulfide（MoS2）. The most important experimental achievements are described and compared. Additionally, new original results on ultrashort pulse generation at 1.94 μm wavelength using graphene are presented. The designed Tm-doped fiber laser utilizes multilayer graphene as a saturable absorber and generates 654 fs pulses at 1940 nm wavelength, which are currently the shortest pulses generated from a Tm-doped fiber laser with a graphene-based saturable absorber.
基金The research was partially supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China(Nos.61875138,61435010,and 61961136001)Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(No.JCYJ20170811093453105).Authors also acknowledge the support from Instrumental Analysis Center of Shenzhen University(Xili Campus).
文摘Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is a promising non-invasive therapy approach for various diseases including malignant tumor.The process of PDT involves three interrelated aspects,namely photosensitizer(PS),light source,and oxygen,among which PS is the decisive factor that determines its anticancer efficiency.There exist some defects in currently applied PDT,such as inadequate production of reactive oxygen species(ROS),poor penetration of exciting light,insufficient oxygen supply,and nonselective distribution of PS.With unique physicochemical and optical properties,two-dimensional nanomaterials(2DNMs)have aroused great interest in biomedical fields.2DNMs-based PDT is promising to significantly improve antitumor efficacy compared to conventional PDT.In this review,we will firstly introduce the underlying mechanism of PDT and how 2DNMs are absorbed and distribute inside tumor cells.After that,we will not only illustrate how 2DNMs-based PDT can enhance tumor-killing efficacy and minimize side-effects through conquering the above-mentioned defects of conventional PDT and the preparation process of 2DNMs,but also elaborate recent advances about 2DNMs-based PDT.Lastly,we will summarize the challenges and future prospects of 2DNMs-based PDT.
基金Bio&Medical Technology Development Program,Grant/Award Number:2018M3A9F1021649Industrial Technology Innovation Program,Grant/Award Number:10080577+3 种基金Institute for Basic Science,Grant/Award Number:IBS-R026-D1Ministry of Science&ICT(MSIT)and the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy(MOTIE)of Korea through the National Research Foundation,Grant/Award Numbers:2016R1A5A1009926,2019R1A2B5B03069358Nano Material Technology Development Program,Grant/Award Numbers:2015M3A7B4050308,2016M3A7B4910635Research Program funded by Yonsei University,Grant/Award Number:2018-22-0194。
文摘Research on flexible or wearable electronics has been grown remarkably due to the advent of nanomaterials,such as metal nanowires,graphene,or transition metal dichalcogenides.Although each nanomaterial has mechanical and electrical characteristics that can be applied into flexible electronics,the limitations of each nanomaterial are also clear.In order to overcome the limitations of these nanomaterials,research on the hybrid structures of nanomaterials has been extensively conducted.In this study,we introduce the properties of one-dimensional nanomaterials,twodimensional nanomaterials,and their hybrid nanomaterials.And then,we provide information concerning various flexible electronics based on these nanomaterials.
基金support from the US METAvivor Early Career Investigator Award(No.2018A020560,Wei Tao,USA)Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women’s Hospital Department of Anesthesiology-Basic Scientist Grant(No.2420 BPA075,Wei Tao,USA)+3 种基金Center for Nanomedicine Research Fund(NO.2019A014810,Wei Tao,USA)supported by The Hundred Talents Program,China(75110-18841227)from Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou,Chinathe Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515110326,China)supported by the China postdoctoral science foundation(2019M663060)。
文摘The field of two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterial-based cancer immunotherapy combines research from multiple subdisciplines of material science,nano-chemistry,in particular nanobiological interactions,immunology,and medicinal chemistry.Most importantly,the"biological identity"of nanomaterials governed by bio-molecular corona in terms of bimolecular types,relative abundance,and conformation at the nanomaterial surface is now believed to influence blood circulation time,biodistribution,immune response,cellular uptake,and intracellular trafficking.A better understanding of nano-bio interactions can improve utilization of 2D nano-architectures for cancer immunotherapy and immunotheranostics,allowing them to be adapted or modified to treat other immune dysregulation syndromes including autoimmune diseases or inflammation,infection,tissue regeneration,and transplantation.The manuscript reviews the biological interactions and immunotherapeutic applications of 2D nanomaterials,including understanding their interactions with biological molecules of the immune system,summarizes and prospects the applications of 2D nanomaterials in cancer immunotherapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundationof China(NSFC,Nos.21971007,21521005,51902012)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2212044)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.XK1802-6,XK1803-05)。
文摘For more than a decade,the exfoliation of graphene and other layered materials has led to a tremendous amount of research in two-dimensional(2D)materials,among which 2D transition metal chalcogenides(TMCs)nanomaterials have attracted much attention in a wide range of applications including photoelectric devices,lithium-ion batteries,catalysis,and energy conversion and storage owing to their unique photoelectric physical properties.With such large specific surface area,strong near-infrared(NIR)absorption and abundant chemical element composition,2D TMCs nanomaterials have become good candidates in biomedical imaging and cancer treatment.This review systematically summarizes recent progress on 2D TMCs nanomaterials,which includes their synthesis methods and applications in cancer treatment.At the end of this review,we also highlight the future prospects and challenges of 2D TMCs nanomaterials.It is expected that this work can provide the readers with a detailed overview of the synthesis of 2D TMCs and inspire more novel functional biomaterials based on 2D TMCs for cancer treatment in the future.
基金financially supported by the Key Grant for Special Professors in Jiangsu Province(No.RK030STP18001)the Scientific Research Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.NY218150)“1311 Talents Program”of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications and the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX20190156)。
文摘Hydrogen(H2)is considered to be a promising substitute for fossil fuels.Two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials have exhibited an efficient electrocatalytic capacity to catalyze hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Particularly,phase engineering of 2D nanomaterials is opening a novel research direction to endow 2D nanostructures with fascinating properties for deep applications in catalyzing HER.In this review,we briefly summarize the research progress and present the current challenges on phase engineering of 2D nanomaterials for their applications in electrocatalytic HER.Our summary will be of significance to provide fundamental understanding for designing novel 2D nanomaterials with unconventional phases to electrochemically catalyze HER.
基金supported by the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing (No. 2462017YJRC013)。
文摘Oxygen evolution reaction(OER) is a bottle-neck process in many sustainable energy conversion systems due to its sluggish kinetics.The development of cost-effective yet efficient electrocatalysts towards OER is highly desirable but still a great challenge at current stage.Herein,a new type of hybrid nanostructure,consisting of two-dimensional(2D) Cerium-doped NiFe-layered double hydroxide nanoflakes directly grown on the 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene surface(denoted as NiFeCe-LDH/MXene),is designed using a facile insitu coprecipitation method.The resultant NiFeCe-LDH/MXene hybrid presents a hierarchical nanoporous structure,high electrical conductivity and strong interfacial junction because of the synergistic effect of Ce doping and MXene coupling.As a result,the hybrid catalyst exhibits an excellent catalytic activity for OER,delivering a low onset overpotential of 197 mV and an overpotential of 260 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm-2 in the alkaline medium,much lower than its pure LDH counterparts and IrO2 catalyst.Besides,the hybrid catalyst also displays a fast reaction kinetics and a remarkable stable durability.Further theoretic studies using density function theory(DFT) methods reveal that Ce doping could effectively narrow the bandgap of NiFe-LDH and reduce the overpotential in OER process.This work may shed light on the exploration of advanced electrocatalysts for renewable energy conversion and storage systems.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51905294,51527901,and 51875303)the China Postdoc Innovation Talent Support Program(BX20180168)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M650654)。
文摘The topic of superlubricity is attracting considerable interest around the world while humanity is facing an energy crisis.Since various liquid superlubricity systems can be commonly achieved on the macroscale in ambient conditions,it is considered an effective solution to reduce unnecessary energy and material losses.However,certain practical problems such as low load-bearing pressure,dependence on hydrogen ions,and relatively long running-in processes still limit its widespread application.Two-dimensional(2D)nano-additives with ultrathin longitudinal dimensions can lower the shear resistance between sliding solid surfaces,and thus further optimize the applied conditions.In this review,the latest studies on 2D nano-additives with a combination of various water-based lubricants in the state of superlubricity are reported,typically including black phosphorus(BP),graphene oxide(GO),and layered double hydroxide.During the sliding process,composite lubricants effectively improved the load capacity(up to 600 MPa),reduced wear,and accelerated the running-in period(within 1,000 s)of the liquid superlubricity system.Both macromechanical experiments and microscopic tests are conducted to precisely analyze various interactions at the interfaces of the nano-additives and solid surfaces.These interactions can be described as tribochemical reactions,physical protection,and adsorption enhancement,and improved wear resistance.This review provides better guidance for applying 2D nanomaterials in liquid superlubricity systems.
基金This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2018ZX10301402)General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51973243)+3 种基金Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(No.2016ZT06S029)General Program of Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(No.2020A1515010983)Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen(Nos.JCYJ20170307141438157 and JCYJ20190807155801657)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.191gzd35).
文摘Recently,tissue engineering has developed into a powerful tool for repairing and reconstructing damaged tissues and organs.Tissue engineering scaffolds play a vital role in tissue engineering,as they not only provide structural support for targeted cells but also serve as templates that guide tissue regeneration and control the tissue structure.Over the past few years,owing to unique physicochemical properties and excellent biocompatibility,various types of two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials have been developed as candidates for the construction of tissue engineering scaffolds,enabling remarkable achievements in bone repair,wound healing,neural regeneration,and cardiac tissue engineering.These efforts have significantly advanced the development of tissue engineering.In this review,we summarize the latest advancements in the application of 2D nanomaterials in tissue engineering.First,each typical 2D nanomaterial is introduced briefly,followed by a detailed description of its applications in tissue engineering.Finally,the existing challenges and prospects for the future of the application of 2D nanomaterials in tissue engineering are discussed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51973231)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2021A1515012449,2019A1515010743)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(No.20lgzd17)Open Project from State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry(No.2020-31)。
文摘In recent years, graphene has been widely employed in the field of metal corrosion protection owing to its outstanding impermeability and chemical stability, with examples of such metal protection including pure graphene coatings and graphene-based composite coatings. But the conductive graphene could promote the electrochemical reaction at the interface and accelerate the corrosion of metal substrates. More emerging graphene-like 2D nanosheets are attracting research attention for the application of metal anticorrosion, because of their barrier properties and poor conductivity, mainly including boron nitride(BN),molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2)), zirconium phosphate(ZrP), and titanium carbide(MXene). In this review,the application of these graphene-like 2D nanosheets to metal protection is comprehensively reviewed.First, the general preparation methods of 2D nanosheets are briefly introduced. Second, surface functionalization of 2D nanosheets, including covalent and non-covalent modification, is described in detail.Third, the anticorrosion performance and optimization measures of pure 2D nanosheets coatings are summarized. Next, the protection performance, anticorrosive mechanism, and optimizations of 2D nanosheets composite coatings are presented. Finally, the future development of 2D nanosheets-based anticorrosive coatings has been prospected, and the challenges in the industrial application are discussed.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51822505)Major Scientific Research and Development Project in Jiangxi(Grant No.20173ABC28008)+2 种基金Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(Grant No.2019Z08QCX11)Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.3182010)The authors thank Dr.Jie CHENG,Feng HE,Dr.Xiao YANG,Zhendong LIAO,and Guangzhi XIONG for their invaluable contributions to this collaboration.
文摘In recent years, attempts to improve the mechanical properties of composites have increased remarkably owing to the inadequate utilization of matrices in demanding technological systems where efficiency, durability, and environmental compatibility are the key requirements. The search for novel materials that can potentially have enhanced mechanical properties continues. Recent studies have demonstrated that two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials can act as excellent reinforcements because they possess high modulus of elasticity, high strength, and ultralow friction. By incorporating 2D nanomaterials in a composite, 2D nanomaterial-based composites (2DNBCs) have been developed. In view of this, a critical review of recent mechanical and tribological studies based on 2DNBCs has been undertaken. Matrices such as polymers, ceramics, and metals, as well as most of the representative 2D nanomaterial reinforcements such as graphene, boron nitride (BN), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and transition metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) have been included in this review. Their preparation strategies, intrinsic mechanical properties, friction and lubrication performances, strengthening mechanisms, influencing factors, and potential applications have been comprehensively discussed. A brief summary and prospects are given in the final part, which would be useful in designing and fabricating advanced 2D nanocomposites in the future.
基金supported by Army Research O ce(ARO)under Grant W911NF-16-1-0198the National Science Foundation(DMR-1709025)China Scholarship Council
文摘Electrochemical catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction are a critical component for many renewable energy applications. To improve their catalytic kinetics and mass activity are essential for sustainable industrial applications. Here, we report a rare-earth metal-based oxide electrocatalyst comprised of ultrathin amorphous La2O3 nanosheets hybridized with uniform La2O3 nanoparticles(La2O3@NP-NS). Significantly improved OER performance is observed from the nanosheets with a nanometer-scale thickness. The as-synthesized 2.27-nm La2O3@NP-NS exhibits excellent catalytic kinetics with an overpotential of 310 mV at 10 m A cm^-2, a small Tafel slope of 43.1 mV dec^-1, and electrochemical impedance of 38 Ω. More importantly, due to the ultrasmall thickness, its mass activity, and turnover frequency reach as high as 6666.7 A g^-1 and 5.79 s^-1, respectively, at an overpotential of 310 mV. Such a high mass activity is more than three orders of magnitude higher than benchmark OER electrocatalysts, such as IrO2 and RuO2. This work presents a sustainable approach toward the development of highly e cient electrocatalysts with largely reduced mass loading of precious elements.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2021JBM019).
文摘Medium-entropy oxides(MEOs)with broad compositional tunability and entropy-driven structural stability,are receiving booming attention as a promising candidate for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts.Meanwhile,ultrathin two-dimensional(2D)nanostructure offers extremely large specific surface area and is therefore considered to be an ideal catalyst structure.However,it remains a grant challenge to synthesize ultrathin 2D MEOs due to distinct nucleation and growth kinetics of constituent multimetallic elements in 2D anisotropic systems.In this work,an ultrathin 2D MEO(MnFeCoNi)O was successfully synthesized by a facile and low-temperature ionic layer epitaxy method.Benefiting from multi-metal synergistic effects within ultrathin 2D nanostructure,this 2D MEO(MnFeCoNi)O revealed excellent OER electrocatalytic performance with a quite low overpotential of 117 mV at 10 mA·cm^(-2) and an impressive stability for 120 h continuous operation with only 6.9%decay.Especially,the extremely high mass activity(5584.3 A·g^(-1))was three orders of magnitude higher than benchmark RuO_(2)(3.4 A·g^(-1))at the same overpotential of 117 mV.This work opens up a new avenue for developing highly efficient and stable electrocatalysts by creating 2D nanostructured MEOs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21975129 and 22005149)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20200777)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province,China(No.20KJB430034)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Nanjing Forestry University(No.JC2019002)。
文摘Transition metal-containing MXene has shown great potential in the promising research fields,and its performance strongly depends on the composition,structure,dimension,and surface chemistry.Thus,rational design and controllable synthesis of ultrathin two-dimensional(2D)MXene nanosheets with uniform surface terminations are of great importance.However,the use of 2D MXene,particularly in solar-powered photocatalysis and electrocatalysis,is restricted by the formation of thick,multi-layered MXene flakes with a small interlayer spacing produced from the conventional hydrofluoric acid(HF)etching method.In this work,we report a few-layer MXene nanosheets by solely employing a mixture of lithium fluoride and hydrochloric acid as the etching reagent.Synergic etching and intercalation technique endows MXene with ultrathin 2D nanostructures;moreover,the use of fluoride salt,rather than harmful HF,offers a safer and environmentally-friendly synthetic route for scalable green production of 2D MXene.Both the obtained Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)and Nb_(2)CT_(x)nanosheets show a highly efficient photoelectrochemical performance superior to highly stacked MXene flakes.This work highlights a mild,simultaneous etching and delamination strategy for the development of high quality of 2D MXene nanosheets.
基金the support of the Australian Research Council(Nos.DP200103188,LE200100032,DP170104562,LP170100088,FT130101708,and LE170100233)Universities Australia-DAAD German Research cooperation scheme(2014-2015)the Centre for Microscopy,Characterization and Analysis(CMCA)at UWA.
文摘Broadband light detection and sensing are widely applied in modern technology.As a promising candidate for next-generation two-dimensional(2D)optoelectronic material,bismuth oxyselenide(Bi_(2)O_(2)Se)nanoplates exhibit many prospects in the application of visible light detection due to their peculiar properties.In this work,we report the photodetection performance of single-crystal 2D Bi_(2)O_(2)Se nanoplates grown on SiO_(2)based on a ternary-alloy growth model by utilizing chemical vapor deposition(CVD).The Bi_(2)O_(2)Se nanoplates were found to have an even and uniform square shape with side lengths up to 15μm and an approximate thickness of 15 nm.A visible-light photodetector was fabricated based on a CVD-grown Bi_(2)O_(2)Se nanoplate,and characterized by a set of illumination experiments using a 400 nm laser at temperatures ranging from 77 to 370 K.The device exhibited superior performance at the temperature of 77 K,with a responsivity of 523 A/W,a specific detectivity of 1.37×10^(11)Jones,a response time of 0.2175 ms,an external quantum efficiency of 162,119.44%,resulting in high-quality and fullcolor imaging in the visible spectrum.These results indicate that the single-crystalline Bi_(2)O_(2)Se nanoplates have excellent potential in broadband photodetection and non-cryogenic imaging.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21874079 and 20575071)Natural Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scientists of Shandong Province(No.ZR2018JL011)+3 种基金Key R&D Project of Shandong Province(No.GG201809230180)Qingdao Science&Technology PlanningProject(No.17-6-3-15-gx)Science&Technology Fund Planning Project of Shandong Colleges and Universities(No.J16LA13&J18KA112)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn201909088)。
文摘Electrochemical reduction of N2,as an eco-friendly alternative,not only allows the use of protons in water as a source of hydrogen under mild conditions but also can be driven by renewable electric energy.The major challenge is to identify high-efficiency electrocatalysts.MXene is a new class of 2D transition metal carbides,nitrides,and carbonitrides that have received significant attention in electrocatalysis.The investigations on MXene in electrocatalytic nitrogen fixation are rapidly proceeding,and some breakthroughs have emerged ve ry recently due to MXenes’satisfacto ry catalytic activity.Here,the recent progress concerning the MXene-based catalysts for electrochemical N2 reduction reaction(NRR)is highlighted.In regards to giving guidelines for exploring more efficient MXene-based catalysts for the NRR,the fabrication and surface modification of MXene are discussed.Besides,the shortcomings and challenges of current research are summarized and the future research directions are prospected.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province (Grant No. 202001AU070079)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 202101AW070006)+1 种基金the Basic Research Plan (Key Project) of Yunnan Province (Grant No. 202101BE070001-003)the University-level Project of Panzhihua College (Grant No.035000292)
文摘Although lithium-sulfur batteries are considered one of the most potential next-generation energy storage systems owing to their high-energy density, the dissolution and shuttle of intermediate lithium polysulfides primarily limit their commercial applications. Currently, the search for new materials for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries has become a global research hotspot.MXenes, two dimensional inorganic compound comprising several layers of transition metal carbide, nitride, or car-bonitride,are actively investigated owing to their large specific surface area, good conductivity, and excellent cycle and rate performance.This article firstly reviews the breakthrough of MXenes in lithium-sulfur batteries, introduces the preparation methods and structural characteristics, and summarizes the specific applications and modification mechanisms in lithium-sulfur batteries.Then, the characteristics and advantages of MXenes as a composite electrode material for lithium-sulfur batteries are highlighted. Finally, the potential in future commercial applications is summarized.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.21625401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21727808,21971114).
文摘Metal-organic framework(MOF)nanosheets and covalent organic framework(COF)nanosheets as emerging porous materials nanosheets have captured increasing attention owing to their attractive properties originating from the advantages of large lateral size,ultrathin thickness,tailorable physiochemical environment,flexibility and highly accessible active sites on surface,and the applications of them have been explored in a wide range of fields.Although MOF and COF nanosheets own many similar properties,their applications in various fields show significant differences,probably due to their different compositions and bonding modes.Hence,we summarize the recent progress of MOF and COF nanosheets by comparative analysis on their advantages and limitations in synthesis and applications,providing a more profound and full-scale perspective for researchers or beginners to understand this field.Herein,the categories of preparation methods of MOF and COF nanosheets are firstly discussed,including top-down and bottom-up methods.Secondly,the applications of MOF and COF nanosheets for separation,catalysis,sensing and energy storage are summarized.Finally,based on current achievements,we put forward our personal insights into the challenges and outlooks on the synthesis,characterizations,and promising applications for future research of MOF and COF nanosheets.
