A rockbolt acting in the rock mass is subjected to the combined action of the pull-out load and confining pressure, and the bond quality of the rockbolt directly affects the stability of the roadway and cavern. Theref...A rockbolt acting in the rock mass is subjected to the combined action of the pull-out load and confining pressure, and the bond quality of the rockbolt directly affects the stability of the roadway and cavern. Therefore, in this study, confining pressure and pull-out load are applied to grouted rockbolt systems with bond defects by a numerical simulation method, and the rockbolt is detected by ultrasonic guided waves to study the propagation law of ultrasonic guided waves in defective rockbolt systems and the bond quality of rockbolts under the combined action of pull-out load and confining pressure. The numerical simulation results show that the length and location of bond defects can be detected by ultrasonic guided waves under the combined action of pull-out load and confining pressure. Under no pull-out load, with increasing confining pressure, the low-frequency part of the guided wave frequency in the rockbolt increases, the high-frequency part decreases, the weakening effect of the confining pressure on the guided wave propagation law increases, and the bond quality of the rockbolt increases. The existence of defects cannot change the strengthening effect of the confining pressure on the guided wave propagation law under the same pull-out load or the weakening effect of the pull-out load on the guided wave propagation law under the same confining pressure.展开更多
Ultrasonic guided waves(UGWs),which propagate throughout the entire thickness of cortical bone,are attractive for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis.However,this is challenging due to the impact of soft tissue and th...Ultrasonic guided waves(UGWs),which propagate throughout the entire thickness of cortical bone,are attractive for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis.However,this is challenging due to the impact of soft tissue and the inherent difficulties related to multiparametric inversion of cortical bone quality factors,such as cortical thickness and bulk wave velocity.Therefore,in this research,a UGW-based multi-parameter inversion algorithm is developed to predict strength-related factors.In simulation,a free plate(cortical bone)and a bilayer plate(soft tissue and cortical bone)are used to validate the proposed method.The inversed cortical thickness(CTh),longitudinal velocity(V_(L))and transverse velocity(V_(T))are in accordance with the true values.Then four bovine cortical bone plates were used in in vitro experiments.Compared with the reference values,the relative errors for cortical thickness were 3.96%,0.83%,2.87%,and 4.25%,respectively.In the in vivo measurements,UGWs are collected from the tibias of 10 volunteers.The theoretical dispersion curves depicted by the estimated parameters(V_(T),V_(L),CTh)match well with the extracted experimental ones.In comparison with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry,our results show that the estimated transverse velocity and cortical thickness are highly sensitive to osteoporosis.Therefore,these two parameters(CTh and V_(T))of long bones have potential to be used for diagnosis of bone status in clinical applications.展开更多
Pipeline plays an indispensable role in process industries,because the progressing crack-like defects of in it may result in serious accidents and significant economic losses.Therefore,it is essential to detect the cr...Pipeline plays an indispensable role in process industries,because the progressing crack-like defects of in it may result in serious accidents and significant economic losses.Therefore,it is essential to detect the cracks occurred in pipelines.The axial crack-like defects in elbows with different angle are inspected by using the T(0,1)mode guided waves,in which different configurations including 45°,90°,135°and 180°(straight pipe)are considered respectively.Firstly,the detection sensitivity for different defect location is experimentally investigated.After that,finite element simulation is used to explore the propagation behaviors of T(0,1)mode in different bend structures.Simulation and experiment results show that the crack in different areas of the elbow can affect the detection sensitivity.It can be found that the detection sensitivity of crack in the middle area of the elbow is higher compared to the extrados and intrados of the elbow.Finally,the mode conversion is also investigated when the T(0,1)crosses the bend,and the results show that bend is a key factor to the mode conversion phenomenon which presents between the T(0,1)mode and F(1,2)mode.展开更多
Due to the merits of high inspection speed and long detecting distance, Ultrasonic Guided Wave(UGW) method has been commonly applied to the on-line maintenance of power transmission line. However, the guided wave prop...Due to the merits of high inspection speed and long detecting distance, Ultrasonic Guided Wave(UGW) method has been commonly applied to the on-line maintenance of power transmission line. However, the guided wave propagation in this structure is very complicated, leading to the unfavorable defect localization accuracy. Aiming at this situation, a high precision UGW technique for inspection of local surface defect in power transmission line is proposed. The technique is realized by adopting a novel segmental piezoelectric ring transducer and transducer mounting scheme, combining with the comprehensive characterization of wave propagation and circumferential defect positioning with multiple piezoelectric elements. Firstly, the propagation path of guided waves in the multi-wires of transmission line under the proposed technique condition is investigated experimentally. Next, the wave velocities are calculated by dispersion curves and experiment test respectively, and from comparing of the two results, the guided wave mode propagated in transmission line is confirmed to be F(1,1) mode. Finally, the axial and circumferential positioning of local defective wires in transmission line are both achieved, by using multiple piezoelectric elements to surround the stands and send elastic waves into every single wire. The proposed research can play a role of guiding the development of highly effective UGW method and detecting system for multi-wire transmission line.展开更多
The axial power flow (APF) magnitude and attenuation distributions of ultrasonic longitudinal guided waves in viscous liquid-filled elastic pipes are investigated. The optimal location, optimal mode and its frequency-...The axial power flow (APF) magnitude and attenuation distributions of ultrasonic longitudinal guided waves in viscous liquid-filled elastic pipes are investigated. The optimal location, optimal mode and its frequency-thickness product (fd) for the test of pipes filled with viscous liquid are chosen according to APF and attenuation distributions. The results show that the APF magnitude distribution is an important parameter in choosing the modes and parameters. A particular mode has weak dispersion in ranges of fd values with large group velocity, while other modes with smaller group velocity in the same fd ranges have stronger dispersion. It has been observed that, within these ranges, the chosen mode has a larger APF on the (pipe’s) wall. Therefore, in the region of fd values where a particular mode has a large group velocity, this mode will be effective to be used in testing elastic pipes filled with viscous liquid. The results obtained from both the APF analysis and attenuation distribution are consistent.展开更多
Considering the high sensitivity of the nonlinear ultrasonic measurement technique and great advantages of the guided wave testing method, the use of nonlinear ultrasonic guided waves provides a promising means for ev...Considering the high sensitivity of the nonlinear ultrasonic measurement technique and great advantages of the guided wave testing method, the use of nonlinear ultrasonic guided waves provides a promising means for evaluating and characterizing the hidden and/or inaccessible damage/degradation in solid media. Increasing attention on the development of the testing method based on nonlinear ultrasonic guided waves is largely attributed to the theoretical advances of nonlinear guided waves propagation in solid media. One of the typical acoustic nonlinear responses is the generation of second harmonics that can be used to effectively evaluate damage/degradation in materials/structures. In this paper, the theoretical progress of second-harmonic generation(SHG) of ultrasonic guided wave propagation in solid media is reviewed. The advances and developments of theoretical investigations on the effect of SHG of ultrasonic guided wave propagation in different structures are addressed. Some obscure understandings and the ideas in dispute are also discussed.展开更多
In order to analyze the possibility of detecting defects in bend pipe using low-frequency ultrasonic guided wave, the propagation of T(0,1) mode and L(0,2) mode through straight-curved-straight pipe sections was studi...In order to analyze the possibility of detecting defects in bend pipe using low-frequency ultrasonic guided wave, the propagation of T(0,1) mode and L(0,2) mode through straight-curved-straight pipe sections was studied. FE(finite element) models of bend pipe without defects and those with defects were introduced to analyze energy distribution, mode transition and defect detection of ultrasonic guided wave. FE simulation results were validated by experiments of four different bend pipes with circumferential defects in different positions. It is shown that most energy of T(0,1) mode or L(0,2) mode focuses on extrados of bend but little passes through intrados of bend, and T(0,1) mode or L(0,2) mode is converted to other possible non-axisymmetric modes when propagating through the bend and the defect after bend respectively. Furthermore, L(0,2) mode is more sensitive to circumferential notch than T(0,1) mode. The results of this work are beneficial for practical testing of pipes.展开更多
Despite the success of guided wave ultrasonic inspection for internal defect detection in steel pipes,its application on polyethylene(PE)pipe remains relatively unexplored.The growth of internal cracks in PE pipe seve...Despite the success of guided wave ultrasonic inspection for internal defect detection in steel pipes,its application on polyethylene(PE)pipe remains relatively unexplored.The growth of internal cracks in PE pipe severely affects its pressure-holding capacity,hence the early detection of internal cracks is crucial for effective pipeline maintenance strategies.This study extends the scope of guided wave-based ultrasonic testing to detect the growth of internal cracks in a natural gas distribution PE pipe.Laboratory experiments and a finite element model were planned to study the wave-crack interaction at different stages of axially oriented internal crack growth with a piezoceramic transducer-based setup arranged in a pitch-catch configuration.Mode dispersion analysis supplemented with preliminary experiments was performed to isolate the optimal inspection frequency,leading to the selection of the T(0,1)mode at 50-kHz for the investigation.A transmission index based on the energy of the T(0,1)mode was developed to trace the extent of simulated crack growth.The findings revealed an inverse linear correlation between the transmission index and the crack depth for crack growth beyond 20%crack depth.展开更多
Rock joints are one of the vital discontinuities in a natural rock mass.How to accurately and conveniently determine joint normal stiffness is therefore significant in rock mechanics.Here,first,seven existing methods ...Rock joints are one of the vital discontinuities in a natural rock mass.How to accurately and conveniently determine joint normal stiffness is therefore significant in rock mechanics.Here,first,seven existing methods for determining joint normal stiffness were introduced and reviewed,among which MethodⅠ(the indirect measurement method),MethodⅡ(the direct determination method),MethodⅢ(the across-joint strain gauge measurement method)and MethodⅣ(the deformation measuring ring method)are via destructive uniaxial compression testing,while MethodⅤ(the best fitting method),MethodⅥ(the rapid evaluation method)and MethodⅦ(the effective modulus method)are through wave propagation principles and nondestructive ultrasonic testing.Subsequently,laboratory tests of intact and jointed sandstone specimens were conducted following the testing requirements and pro-cedures of those seven methods.A comparison among those methods was then performed.The results show that Method I,i.e.the benchmark method,is reliable and stable.MethodⅡhas a conceptual drawback,and its accuracy is acceptable at only very low stress levels.Relative errors in the results from MethodⅢare very large.With MethodⅣ,the testing results are sufficiently accurate despite the strict testing environment and complicated testing procedures.The results from MethodⅤare greatly unstable and significantly dependent on the natural frequency of the transducers.The joint normal stiffness determined with MethodⅥis stable and accurate,although data processing is complex.MethodⅦcould be adopted to determine the joint normal stiffness corresponding to the rock elastic deformation phase only.Consequently,it is suggested that MethodsⅠ,ⅣandⅥshould be adopted for the mea-surement of joint normal stiffness.The findings could be helpful in selecting an appropriate method to determine joint normal stiffness and,hence,to better solve discontinuous rock mass problems.展开更多
Ultrasonic guided wave inspection is an effective non-destructive testing method which can be used for stress level evaluation in steel strands.Unfortunately the propagation velocity of ultrasonic guided waves changes...Ultrasonic guided wave inspection is an effective non-destructive testing method which can be used for stress level evaluation in steel strands.Unfortunately the propagation velocity of ultrasonic guided waves changes due to temperature shift making the prestress measurement of steel strands inaccurate and even sometimes impossible.In the course of solving the problem,this paper reports on quantitative research on the temperature dependence of ultrasonic longitudinal guided wave propagation in long range steel strands.In order to achieve the generation and reception of a chosen longitudinal mode in a steel strand with a helical shaped surface,a new type of magnetostrictive transducer was developed,characterized by a group of thin clips and three identical permanent magnets.Excitation and reception of ultrasonic guided waves in a steel strand were performed experimentally.Experimental results shows that in the temperature range from-4 ℃ to 34 ℃,the propagation velocity of the L(0,1) mode at 160 kHz linearly decreased with increasing temperature and its temperature dependent coefficient was 0.90(m·s-1 ·(℃)-1) which is very close to the theoretical prediction.The effect of dimension deviation between the helical and center wires and the effect of the thermal expansion of the steel strand on ultrasonic longitudinal guided wave propagation were also analyzed.It was found that these effects could be ignored compared with the change in the material mechanical properties of the steel strands due to temperature shift.It was also observed that the longitudinal guided wave mode was somewhat more sensitive to temperature changes compared with conventional ultrasonic waves theoretically.Therefore,it is considered that the temperature effect on ultrasonic longitudinal guided wave propagation in order to improve the accuracy of stress measurement in prestressed steel strands.Quantitative research on the temperature dependence of ultrasonic guided wave propagation in steel strands provides an important basis for the compensation of temperature effects in stress measurement in steel strands by using ultrasonic guided wave inspection.展开更多
An ultrasonic-guided wave(UGW) is a very promising tool in the field of structural health monitoring and non-destructive test.Numerical analysis was used to simulate the propagation in the rebar and explore the charac...An ultrasonic-guided wave(UGW) is a very promising tool in the field of structural health monitoring and non-destructive test.Numerical analysis was used to simulate the propagation in the rebar and explore the characteristics of UGW in the steel rebar waveguide.Two-dimensional fast Fourier transform was used to process the numerical results and to evaluate the damage.Subsequently,different UGW test influence factors were investigated.The results clearly showed that both the group velocity and the amplitude of longitudinal modes were not very sensitive to stress and temperature variations.However,the received UGW signal energy decreased with the increasing concrete strength.Finally,the interface condition between the concrete and the rebar was investigated.Time-domain and frequency-domain analyses were used to process the received signals.Different interface delamination lengths of the UGW energy attenuation were analyzed and a relationship was obtained.This study successfully proved that UGW is an effective tool in the non-destructive test of reinforced concrete interface delamination.展开更多
Level crossing rails are high risk areas due to the combination of the limited effectiveness of current inspection methods and high corrosion rates which often exist.This paper discusses the current UK standard practi...Level crossing rails are high risk areas due to the combination of the limited effectiveness of current inspection methods and high corrosion rates which often exist.This paper discusses the current UK standard practices for the periodic inspection of level crossing rails using visual(VT)and conventional ultrasonic(UT)methods.The limitations of these methods are discussed and how these limitations affect the overall maintenance program for level crossings.A new inspection method,guided wave testing(GWT)is then described with particular emphasis on its advantages for inspecting level crossings.Finally,a review is given of the current Network Rail trial of GWT on level crossings using the G-Scan system,with representative results which demonstrate the effectiveness of GWT for this application.展开更多
This article presents a numerical investigation of guided wave generation, propagation, interaction with damage, and reception in piezoelectric composite plates for the purpose of establishing structural self-awarenes...This article presents a numerical investigation of guided wave generation, propagation, interaction with damage, and reception in piezoelectric composite plates for the purpose of establishing structural self-awareness.This approach employs piezoelectric composite materials as both load bearing structure and sensing elements.Finite element modal analysis of a plate cell with Bloch-Floquet boundary condition(BFBC) is performed to understand the wave propagation characteristics in piezoelectric composite plates. A comparative study is carried out between a standard composite plate and a piezoelectric composite plate to highlight the influence of piezoelectricity on guided wave dispersion relations. Subsequently, a transient dynamic coupled-field finite element model is constructed to simulate the procedure of guided wave generation, propagation, interaction with damage, and reception in a piezoelectric composite plate. Active sensing array is designed to capture the structural response containing the damage information. Three engineering scenarios, including a pristine case, a one-damage-location case and a two-damage-location case, are considered to demonstrate the ultrasonic sensing capability of the piezoelectric composite system. Finally, time-reversal method is utilized to locate and image the damage zones. This research shows that piezoelectric composite material possesses great potential to establish structural self-awareness, if it serves both as the load bearing and structural sensing components.展开更多
Evaluating bone regularly is important to prevent and control the disease of osteoporosis. Impact of osteoporosis on ultrasonic guided waves propagating in human long bones is studied in this paper. Multi-scale wavele...Evaluating bone regularly is important to prevent and control the disease of osteoporosis. Impact of osteoporosis on ultrasonic guided waves propagating in human long bones is studied in this paper. Multi-scale wavelet transform is proposed to process the received guided waves, and by analyzing energy changes in detail components of high order wavelet at different propagating distance to assess if osteoporosis happened. The guided waves signals are collected from the tibias of 13 volunteers. Based on the analysis of multi-scale wavelet transform, the high order detail components d6 and d5 changed dramatically with the propagation of ultrasonic guided waves along long bones, which means these 7 volunteers are diagnosed with osteoporosis. Compared with X-ray diagnosis, the effectiveness of this method can reach 92.3% in 13 volunteers. This suggests the multi-scale wavelet transform method is potential in ultrasonic assessment of bone quality.展开更多
Structural health monitoring(SHM)is considered an effective approach to analyze the efficient working of several mechanical components.For this purpose,ultrasonic guided waves can cover long-distance and assess large ...Structural health monitoring(SHM)is considered an effective approach to analyze the efficient working of several mechanical components.For this purpose,ultrasonic guided waves can cover long-distance and assess large infrastructures in just a single test using a small number of transducers.However,the working of the SHM mechanism can be affected by some sources of variations(i.e.,environmental).To improve the final results of ultrasonic guided wave inspections,it is necessary to highlight and attenuate these environmental variations.The loading parameters,temperature and humidity have been recognized as the core environmental sources of variations that affect the SHM sensing mechanism.Environmental temperature has the most significant influence on SHM results.There is still a need for extensive research to develop such a damage inspection approach that should be insensitive to environmental temperature variations.In this framework,the current research study will not only illuminate the effect of environmental temperature through different intelligent approaches but also suggest the standard mechanism to attenuate it in actual ultrasonic guided wave based SHM.Hence,the work presented in this article addresses one of the open research challenges that are the identification of the effect of environmental and operating conditions in practical applications of ultrasonic guided waves and impedance-based SHM.展开更多
The noncollinear interaction of guided optical waves with magnetostatic waves under inclined bias magnetic field is theoretically studied in detail. Similar approach can also be applied to the collinear interaction. C...The noncollinear interaction of guided optical waves with magnetostatic waves under inclined bias magnetic field is theoretically studied in detail. Similar approach can also be applied to the collinear interaction. Calculation results indicate that the diffraction efficiency (DE) in magnitude is equal to the mode-conversion efficiency (MCE) under vertical bias magnetic field, but they differ greatly under inclined bias magnetic field. By comparison to the case of vertical magnetization, the DE or the MCE can be greatly increased under inclined magnetic field. The characteristic of the DE curves obtained is basically in agreement with the experimental result.展开更多
A double cylinders type traveling wave ultrasonic motor using composite transducer was proposed.The proposed stator contained two cylinders and one composite transducer,and the transducer located on the outer surfaces...A double cylinders type traveling wave ultrasonic motor using composite transducer was proposed.The proposed stator contained two cylinders and one composite transducer,and the transducer located on the outer surfaces of cylinders.The composite transducer included two exponential horns located on leading ends,and the horns insected with the cylinders at tip ends.Two degenerated flexural vibration modes spatially and temporally orthogonal to each other were excited in each cylinder by the composite transducer.In this new design,a single transducer could excite two flexural traveling waves in the cylinders.Thus,elliptical motions were achieved at the particles on the teeth.The working principle of the proposed motor was analyzed.The cylinder and transducer were designed with FEM.The resonant frequencies of two vibration modals of the stator were tuned to be the same,and the motion trajectories of nodes on the teeth were analyzed.Transient analysis results show that the motion trajectories of teeth are ellipses.The results of this paper can guide the development of this new type of ultrasonic motor.展开更多
An ultrasonic wave was applied during brazing of alumina to Cu. First alumina was metallized by applying ultrasonicwave in braze bath. Then the metallized alumina was brazed with Cu using the same filler alloy. The fi...An ultrasonic wave was applied during brazing of alumina to Cu. First alumina was metallized by applying ultrasonicwave in braze bath. Then the metallized alumina was brazed with Cu using the same filler alloy. The filler used wereZn-Al alloys and Zn-Sn Alloys. The weight percent of Al in filler was ranging between 0, 5%, 10%, respectively.The weight percent of tin in filler was ranging between 0, 30%, 60% and 91%, respectively. The joining mechanismwas investigated by measuring the joining strength, hardness and analyzing the microstructure at interface of thejoint. The shear strength and microstructure of the joint strongly depend on the filler composition. The effect ofultrasound was derived primarily from acoustic cavitations, impact and friction of the filler against alumina ceramic.This improved the wetting between alumina and the filler, and reflected to improve the joint strength. Anotherultrasonic advantage as to reduce of the joining temperature, that reduced the thermal stress in the braze joint.展开更多
Electropolymerization of pyrrole under ultrasonic field at 20kHz was performed ina series of aqueous and propylene carbonate (PC) solutions. The ultrasonic wave withmoderate intensity at the power of 44W, which is the...Electropolymerization of pyrrole under ultrasonic field at 20kHz was performed ina series of aqueous and propylene carbonate (PC) solutions. The ultrasonic wave withmoderate intensity at the power of 44W, which is the power threshold of the ultrasonicgenerator used in this work to produce cavitation effect, enhance the conductivity andtensile strength of the polypyrrole films as prepared. However, too high intensity of theultrasonic wave is harmful to the polymerization.展开更多
文摘A rockbolt acting in the rock mass is subjected to the combined action of the pull-out load and confining pressure, and the bond quality of the rockbolt directly affects the stability of the roadway and cavern. Therefore, in this study, confining pressure and pull-out load are applied to grouted rockbolt systems with bond defects by a numerical simulation method, and the rockbolt is detected by ultrasonic guided waves to study the propagation law of ultrasonic guided waves in defective rockbolt systems and the bond quality of rockbolts under the combined action of pull-out load and confining pressure. The numerical simulation results show that the length and location of bond defects can be detected by ultrasonic guided waves under the combined action of pull-out load and confining pressure. Under no pull-out load, with increasing confining pressure, the low-frequency part of the guided wave frequency in the rockbolt increases, the high-frequency part decreases, the weakening effect of the confining pressure on the guided wave propagation law increases, and the bond quality of the rockbolt increases. The existence of defects cannot change the strengthening effect of the confining pressure on the guided wave propagation law under the same pull-out load or the weakening effect of the pull-out load on the guided wave propagation law under the same confining pressure.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12034005)in part by the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(Grant No.19XD1400500)in part by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2019M661334)。
文摘Ultrasonic guided waves(UGWs),which propagate throughout the entire thickness of cortical bone,are attractive for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis.However,this is challenging due to the impact of soft tissue and the inherent difficulties related to multiparametric inversion of cortical bone quality factors,such as cortical thickness and bulk wave velocity.Therefore,in this research,a UGW-based multi-parameter inversion algorithm is developed to predict strength-related factors.In simulation,a free plate(cortical bone)and a bilayer plate(soft tissue and cortical bone)are used to validate the proposed method.The inversed cortical thickness(CTh),longitudinal velocity(V_(L))and transverse velocity(V_(T))are in accordance with the true values.Then four bovine cortical bone plates were used in in vitro experiments.Compared with the reference values,the relative errors for cortical thickness were 3.96%,0.83%,2.87%,and 4.25%,respectively.In the in vivo measurements,UGWs are collected from the tibias of 10 volunteers.The theoretical dispersion curves depicted by the estimated parameters(V_(T),V_(L),CTh)match well with the extracted experimental ones.In comparison with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry,our results show that the estimated transverse velocity and cortical thickness are highly sensitive to osteoporosis.Therefore,these two parameters(CTh and V_(T))of long bones have potential to be used for diagnosis of bone status in clinical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51575185,51175178)
文摘Pipeline plays an indispensable role in process industries,because the progressing crack-like defects of in it may result in serious accidents and significant economic losses.Therefore,it is essential to detect the cracks occurred in pipelines.The axial crack-like defects in elbows with different angle are inspected by using the T(0,1)mode guided waves,in which different configurations including 45°,90°,135°and 180°(straight pipe)are considered respectively.Firstly,the detection sensitivity for different defect location is experimentally investigated.After that,finite element simulation is used to explore the propagation behaviors of T(0,1)mode in different bend structures.Simulation and experiment results show that the crack in different areas of the elbow can affect the detection sensitivity.It can be found that the detection sensitivity of crack in the middle area of the elbow is higher compared to the extrados and intrados of the elbow.Finally,the mode conversion is also investigated when the T(0,1)crosses the bend,and the results show that bend is a key factor to the mode conversion phenomenon which presents between the T(0,1)mode and F(1,2)mode.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No51605229)Natural Science Foundation of Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.16KJB460016)+1 种基金the“333”Project of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BRA2015310)China Postdoctora Science Foundation(Grant No.2016M601844)
文摘Due to the merits of high inspection speed and long detecting distance, Ultrasonic Guided Wave(UGW) method has been commonly applied to the on-line maintenance of power transmission line. However, the guided wave propagation in this structure is very complicated, leading to the unfavorable defect localization accuracy. Aiming at this situation, a high precision UGW technique for inspection of local surface defect in power transmission line is proposed. The technique is realized by adopting a novel segmental piezoelectric ring transducer and transducer mounting scheme, combining with the comprehensive characterization of wave propagation and circumferential defect positioning with multiple piezoelectric elements. Firstly, the propagation path of guided waves in the multi-wires of transmission line under the proposed technique condition is investigated experimentally. Next, the wave velocities are calculated by dispersion curves and experiment test respectively, and from comparing of the two results, the guided wave mode propagated in transmission line is confirmed to be F(1,1) mode. Finally, the axial and circumferential positioning of local defective wires in transmission line are both achieved, by using multiple piezoelectric elements to surround the stands and send elastic waves into every single wire. The proposed research can play a role of guiding the development of highly effective UGW method and detecting system for multi-wire transmission line.
文摘The axial power flow (APF) magnitude and attenuation distributions of ultrasonic longitudinal guided waves in viscous liquid-filled elastic pipes are investigated. The optimal location, optimal mode and its frequency-thickness product (fd) for the test of pipes filled with viscous liquid are chosen according to APF and attenuation distributions. The results show that the APF magnitude distribution is an important parameter in choosing the modes and parameters. A particular mode has weak dispersion in ranges of fd values with large group velocity, while other modes with smaller group velocity in the same fd ranges have stronger dispersion. It has been observed that, within these ranges, the chosen mode has a larger APF on the (pipe’s) wall. Therefore, in the region of fd values where a particular mode has a large group velocity, this mode will be effective to be used in testing elastic pipes filled with viscous liquid. The results obtained from both the APF analysis and attenuation distribution are consistent.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11474361,51405405,and 11622430)
文摘Considering the high sensitivity of the nonlinear ultrasonic measurement technique and great advantages of the guided wave testing method, the use of nonlinear ultrasonic guided waves provides a promising means for evaluating and characterizing the hidden and/or inaccessible damage/degradation in solid media. Increasing attention on the development of the testing method based on nonlinear ultrasonic guided waves is largely attributed to the theoretical advances of nonlinear guided waves propagation in solid media. One of the typical acoustic nonlinear responses is the generation of second harmonics that can be used to effectively evaluate damage/degradation in materials/structures. In this paper, the theoretical progress of second-harmonic generation(SHG) of ultrasonic guided wave propagation in solid media is reviewed. The advances and developments of theoretical investigations on the effect of SHG of ultrasonic guided wave propagation in different structures are addressed. Some obscure understandings and the ideas in dispute are also discussed.
基金Project(51265044)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2013TT2028)supported by the Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province of ChinaProject(2012QK162)supported by the Science and Technology Project of General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of China
文摘In order to analyze the possibility of detecting defects in bend pipe using low-frequency ultrasonic guided wave, the propagation of T(0,1) mode and L(0,2) mode through straight-curved-straight pipe sections was studied. FE(finite element) models of bend pipe without defects and those with defects were introduced to analyze energy distribution, mode transition and defect detection of ultrasonic guided wave. FE simulation results were validated by experiments of four different bend pipes with circumferential defects in different positions. It is shown that most energy of T(0,1) mode or L(0,2) mode focuses on extrados of bend but little passes through intrados of bend, and T(0,1) mode or L(0,2) mode is converted to other possible non-axisymmetric modes when propagating through the bend and the defect after bend respectively. Furthermore, L(0,2) mode is more sensitive to circumferential notch than T(0,1) mode. The results of this work are beneficial for practical testing of pipes.
基金the financial support provided by USDOT Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA)through the Competitive Academic Agreement Program (CAAP)。
文摘Despite the success of guided wave ultrasonic inspection for internal defect detection in steel pipes,its application on polyethylene(PE)pipe remains relatively unexplored.The growth of internal cracks in PE pipe severely affects its pressure-holding capacity,hence the early detection of internal cracks is crucial for effective pipeline maintenance strategies.This study extends the scope of guided wave-based ultrasonic testing to detect the growth of internal cracks in a natural gas distribution PE pipe.Laboratory experiments and a finite element model were planned to study the wave-crack interaction at different stages of axially oriented internal crack growth with a piezoceramic transducer-based setup arranged in a pitch-catch configuration.Mode dispersion analysis supplemented with preliminary experiments was performed to isolate the optimal inspection frequency,leading to the selection of the T(0,1)mode at 50-kHz for the investigation.A transmission index based on the energy of the T(0,1)mode was developed to trace the extent of simulated crack growth.The findings revealed an inverse linear correlation between the transmission index and the crack depth for crack growth beyond 20%crack depth.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(Grant No.JCYJ20220818095605012)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51909026)the Fund of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Sciences and Geothermal Energy Exploitation and Utilization(Grant No.2020-08).
文摘Rock joints are one of the vital discontinuities in a natural rock mass.How to accurately and conveniently determine joint normal stiffness is therefore significant in rock mechanics.Here,first,seven existing methods for determining joint normal stiffness were introduced and reviewed,among which MethodⅠ(the indirect measurement method),MethodⅡ(the direct determination method),MethodⅢ(the across-joint strain gauge measurement method)and MethodⅣ(the deformation measuring ring method)are via destructive uniaxial compression testing,while MethodⅤ(the best fitting method),MethodⅥ(the rapid evaluation method)and MethodⅦ(the effective modulus method)are through wave propagation principles and nondestructive ultrasonic testing.Subsequently,laboratory tests of intact and jointed sandstone specimens were conducted following the testing requirements and pro-cedures of those seven methods.A comparison among those methods was then performed.The results show that Method I,i.e.the benchmark method,is reliable and stable.MethodⅡhas a conceptual drawback,and its accuracy is acceptable at only very low stress levels.Relative errors in the results from MethodⅢare very large.With MethodⅣ,the testing results are sufficiently accurate despite the strict testing environment and complicated testing procedures.The results from MethodⅤare greatly unstable and significantly dependent on the natural frequency of the transducers.The joint normal stiffness determined with MethodⅥis stable and accurate,although data processing is complex.MethodⅦcould be adopted to determine the joint normal stiffness corresponding to the rock elastic deformation phase only.Consequently,it is suggested that MethodsⅠ,ⅣandⅥshould be adopted for the mea-surement of joint normal stiffness.The findings could be helpful in selecting an appropriate method to determine joint normal stiffness and,hence,to better solve discontinuous rock mass problems.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10602004,Grant No. 50975006)Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 2072003)+1 种基金Beijing Municipal Talent Developing Project of China (Grant No.20081B0501500173)Beijing Municipal Nova Program of China(Grant No. 2008A015)
文摘Ultrasonic guided wave inspection is an effective non-destructive testing method which can be used for stress level evaluation in steel strands.Unfortunately the propagation velocity of ultrasonic guided waves changes due to temperature shift making the prestress measurement of steel strands inaccurate and even sometimes impossible.In the course of solving the problem,this paper reports on quantitative research on the temperature dependence of ultrasonic longitudinal guided wave propagation in long range steel strands.In order to achieve the generation and reception of a chosen longitudinal mode in a steel strand with a helical shaped surface,a new type of magnetostrictive transducer was developed,characterized by a group of thin clips and three identical permanent magnets.Excitation and reception of ultrasonic guided waves in a steel strand were performed experimentally.Experimental results shows that in the temperature range from-4 ℃ to 34 ℃,the propagation velocity of the L(0,1) mode at 160 kHz linearly decreased with increasing temperature and its temperature dependent coefficient was 0.90(m·s-1 ·(℃)-1) which is very close to the theoretical prediction.The effect of dimension deviation between the helical and center wires and the effect of the thermal expansion of the steel strand on ultrasonic longitudinal guided wave propagation were also analyzed.It was found that these effects could be ignored compared with the change in the material mechanical properties of the steel strands due to temperature shift.It was also observed that the longitudinal guided wave mode was somewhat more sensitive to temperature changes compared with conventional ultrasonic waves theoretically.Therefore,it is considered that the temperature effect on ultrasonic longitudinal guided wave propagation in order to improve the accuracy of stress measurement in prestressed steel strands.Quantitative research on the temperature dependence of ultrasonic guided wave propagation in steel strands provides an important basis for the compensation of temperature effects in stress measurement in steel strands by using ultrasonic guided wave inspection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50808030)the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 200801411102)+1 种基金Science and Technology Support Program of China (Grant No. 2011BAK02B04)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. DUT12LK12)
文摘An ultrasonic-guided wave(UGW) is a very promising tool in the field of structural health monitoring and non-destructive test.Numerical analysis was used to simulate the propagation in the rebar and explore the characteristics of UGW in the steel rebar waveguide.Two-dimensional fast Fourier transform was used to process the numerical results and to evaluate the damage.Subsequently,different UGW test influence factors were investigated.The results clearly showed that both the group velocity and the amplitude of longitudinal modes were not very sensitive to stress and temperature variations.However,the received UGW signal energy decreased with the increasing concrete strength.Finally,the interface condition between the concrete and the rebar was investigated.Time-domain and frequency-domain analyses were used to process the received signals.Different interface delamination lengths of the UGW energy attenuation were analyzed and a relationship was obtained.This study successfully proved that UGW is an effective tool in the non-destructive test of reinforced concrete interface delamination.
文摘Level crossing rails are high risk areas due to the combination of the limited effectiveness of current inspection methods and high corrosion rates which often exist.This paper discusses the current UK standard practices for the periodic inspection of level crossing rails using visual(VT)and conventional ultrasonic(UT)methods.The limitations of these methods are discussed and how these limitations affect the overall maintenance program for level crossings.A new inspection method,guided wave testing(GWT)is then described with particular emphasis on its advantages for inspecting level crossings.Finally,a review is given of the current Network Rail trial of GWT on level crossings using the G-Scan system,with representative results which demonstrate the effectiveness of GWT for this application.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51605284)
文摘This article presents a numerical investigation of guided wave generation, propagation, interaction with damage, and reception in piezoelectric composite plates for the purpose of establishing structural self-awareness.This approach employs piezoelectric composite materials as both load bearing structure and sensing elements.Finite element modal analysis of a plate cell with Bloch-Floquet boundary condition(BFBC) is performed to understand the wave propagation characteristics in piezoelectric composite plates. A comparative study is carried out between a standard composite plate and a piezoelectric composite plate to highlight the influence of piezoelectricity on guided wave dispersion relations. Subsequently, a transient dynamic coupled-field finite element model is constructed to simulate the procedure of guided wave generation, propagation, interaction with damage, and reception in a piezoelectric composite plate. Active sensing array is designed to capture the structural response containing the damage information. Three engineering scenarios, including a pristine case, a one-damage-location case and a two-damage-location case, are considered to demonstrate the ultrasonic sensing capability of the piezoelectric composite system. Finally, time-reversal method is utilized to locate and image the damage zones. This research shows that piezoelectric composite material possesses great potential to establish structural self-awareness, if it serves both as the load bearing and structural sensing components.
基金supported by NSFC(11404207,11327405,11525416)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(14ZR1417500)Shanghai Colleges and Universities Young Teachers Training Funding Scheme(ZZsd115110,ZZsd115106)
文摘Evaluating bone regularly is important to prevent and control the disease of osteoporosis. Impact of osteoporosis on ultrasonic guided waves propagating in human long bones is studied in this paper. Multi-scale wavelet transform is proposed to process the received guided waves, and by analyzing energy changes in detail components of high order wavelet at different propagating distance to assess if osteoporosis happened. The guided waves signals are collected from the tibias of 13 volunteers. Based on the analysis of multi-scale wavelet transform, the high order detail components d6 and d5 changed dramatically with the propagation of ultrasonic guided waves along long bones, which means these 7 volunteers are diagnosed with osteoporosis. Compared with X-ray diagnosis, the effectiveness of this method can reach 92.3% in 13 volunteers. This suggests the multi-scale wavelet transform method is potential in ultrasonic assessment of bone quality.
文摘Structural health monitoring(SHM)is considered an effective approach to analyze the efficient working of several mechanical components.For this purpose,ultrasonic guided waves can cover long-distance and assess large infrastructures in just a single test using a small number of transducers.However,the working of the SHM mechanism can be affected by some sources of variations(i.e.,environmental).To improve the final results of ultrasonic guided wave inspections,it is necessary to highlight and attenuate these environmental variations.The loading parameters,temperature and humidity have been recognized as the core environmental sources of variations that affect the SHM sensing mechanism.Environmental temperature has the most significant influence on SHM results.There is still a need for extensive research to develop such a damage inspection approach that should be insensitive to environmental temperature variations.In this framework,the current research study will not only illuminate the effect of environmental temperature through different intelligent approaches but also suggest the standard mechanism to attenuate it in actual ultrasonic guided wave based SHM.Hence,the work presented in this article addresses one of the open research challenges that are the identification of the effect of environmental and operating conditions in practical applications of ultrasonic guided waves and impedance-based SHM.
文摘The noncollinear interaction of guided optical waves with magnetostatic waves under inclined bias magnetic field is theoretically studied in detail. Similar approach can also be applied to the collinear interaction. Calculation results indicate that the diffraction efficiency (DE) in magnitude is equal to the mode-conversion efficiency (MCE) under vertical bias magnetic field, but they differ greatly under inclined bias magnetic field. By comparison to the case of vertical magnetization, the DE or the MCE can be greatly increased under inclined magnetic field. The characteristic of the DE curves obtained is basically in agreement with the experimental result.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50875057 and 51075082)the State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems (HIT No. SKLRS200901A04)
文摘A double cylinders type traveling wave ultrasonic motor using composite transducer was proposed.The proposed stator contained two cylinders and one composite transducer,and the transducer located on the outer surfaces of cylinders.The composite transducer included two exponential horns located on leading ends,and the horns insected with the cylinders at tip ends.Two degenerated flexural vibration modes spatially and temporally orthogonal to each other were excited in each cylinder by the composite transducer.In this new design,a single transducer could excite two flexural traveling waves in the cylinders.Thus,elliptical motions were achieved at the particles on the teeth.The working principle of the proposed motor was analyzed.The cylinder and transducer were designed with FEM.The resonant frequencies of two vibration modals of the stator were tuned to be the same,and the motion trajectories of nodes on the teeth were analyzed.Transient analysis results show that the motion trajectories of teeth are ellipses.The results of this paper can guide the development of this new type of ultrasonic motor.
文摘An ultrasonic wave was applied during brazing of alumina to Cu. First alumina was metallized by applying ultrasonicwave in braze bath. Then the metallized alumina was brazed with Cu using the same filler alloy. The filler used wereZn-Al alloys and Zn-Sn Alloys. The weight percent of Al in filler was ranging between 0, 5%, 10%, respectively.The weight percent of tin in filler was ranging between 0, 30%, 60% and 91%, respectively. The joining mechanismwas investigated by measuring the joining strength, hardness and analyzing the microstructure at interface of thejoint. The shear strength and microstructure of the joint strongly depend on the filler composition. The effect ofultrasound was derived primarily from acoustic cavitations, impact and friction of the filler against alumina ceramic.This improved the wetting between alumina and the filler, and reflected to improve the joint strength. Anotherultrasonic advantage as to reduce of the joining temperature, that reduced the thermal stress in the braze joint.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Electropolymerization of pyrrole under ultrasonic field at 20kHz was performed ina series of aqueous and propylene carbonate (PC) solutions. The ultrasonic wave withmoderate intensity at the power of 44W, which is the power threshold of the ultrasonicgenerator used in this work to produce cavitation effect, enhance the conductivity andtensile strength of the polypyrrole films as prepared. However, too high intensity of theultrasonic wave is harmful to the polymerization.
