AIM:To compare the vergence mechanisms between good and poor sleepers in university students.METHODS:A total of 64 university students were recruited in this study.The validated Malay version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quali...AIM:To compare the vergence mechanisms between good and poor sleepers in university students.METHODS:A total of 64 university students were recruited in this study.The validated Malay version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire(PSQI-M)was used to measure the participants’sleep quality over the past month.Participants were categorized as good sleepers(n=32)and poor sleepers(n=32)based on the PSQI-M scores.Heterophoria and fusional vergences were measured at distance and near.Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare heterophoria,negative fusional vergence(NFV),and positive fusional vergence(PFV)at distance and near between good and poor sleepers.Spearman correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between PSQI-M score and PFV at distance.RESULTS:Both distance and near heterophorias were not significantly different between good and poor sleepers(P>0.05).There was a difference in distance PFV(P<0.05)between good and poor sleepers,but not in distance NFV,near NFV,and near PFV(P>0.05).Distance PFV was negatively correlated with PSQI-M score(rs=-0.33,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:University students with poor sleep quality demonstrates a reduced ability to maintain fusion with increasing convergence demand at distance.Sleep quality assessment during binocular vision examination in university students is recommended.展开更多
BACKGROUND The detection rate of depression among university students has been increasing in recent years,becoming one of the main psychological diseases that endangers their physical and mental health.According to st...BACKGROUND The detection rate of depression among university students has been increasing in recent years,becoming one of the main psychological diseases that endangers their physical and mental health.According to statistics,self-harm and suicide,for which there is no effective intervention,are the second leading causes of death.AIM To explore the relationship between different elements and levels of physical activity and college students’depression-symptom-specific working memory indicators.METHODS Of 143 college students were analyzed using the Beck Depression Self-Rating Scale,the Physical Activity Rating Scale,and the Working Memory Task.RESULTS There was a significant difference between college students with depressive symptoms and healthy college students in completing verbal and spatial working memory(SWM)tasks correctly(all P<0.01).Physical Activity Scale-3 scores were significantly and positively correlated with the correct rate of the verbal working memory task(r=0.166)and the correct rate of the SWM task(r=0.210)(all P<0.05).There were significant differences in the correct rates of verbal and SWM tasks according to different exercise intensities(all P<0.05)and different exercise durations(all P<0.05),and no significant differences in the correct rates of verbal and SWM tasks by exercise frequency(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION An increase in physical exercise among college students,particularly medium-and high-intensity exercise and exercise of 30 min or more,can improve the correct rate of completing working memory tasks.展开更多
Background: Over the past 20 years, cultured meat has drawn a lot of public attention as a potential solution to issues with animal husbandry, including inadequate use of natural sources, improper animal welfare pract...Background: Over the past 20 years, cultured meat has drawn a lot of public attention as a potential solution to issues with animal husbandry, including inadequate use of natural sources, improper animal welfare practices, and possible risks to public health and safety. The novel method of producing meat through culture reduces the need for animals to produce muscle fiber, thereby obviating the necessity for animal slaughter. Apart from its ethical advantages, cultured meat presents a possible way to fulfill the expanding need for food among growing populations. The purpose of this research was to find out whether Turkish students would be willing to pay for and accept cultured meat. Technique: Method: 371 university students who willingly consented to fill out a questionnaire and provide demographic data make up the research sample. Questions from previous studies on the acceptability of cultured meat were compiled to create the survey. The research’s data collection took place in March and April of 2022. The research was completed in June 2022 after the data had been processed and analyzed. Results: The results showed that the majority of participants were female and had omnivorous eating habits. Based on the results of the Bonferroni correction test, students with a higher intention to purchase and consume cultured meat were those who received economics and business education. Students with two years of university education had a higher overall survey score than those with four years of education (p < 0.05). Furthermore, it is discovered that there is a negative correlation between the participants’ ages and their Factor 2 (using cultured meat as an alternative to industrial meat) and Factor 3 (consuming and purchasing it) section points (r = -109, p = 0.036) (r = -0.121, p = 0.019). In conclusion, university students generally have a negative outlook on health-related issues, such as eating cultured meat as an alternative.展开更多
Mobile learning integrates mobile technology with digital learning,offering flexible,personalized content and portable equipment.It enables access to rich content and enhances learning efficiency.Therefore,it has beco...Mobile learning integrates mobile technology with digital learning,offering flexible,personalized content and portable equipment.It enables access to rich content and enhances learning efficiency.Therefore,it has become mainstream to utilize mobile devices for English learning among university students’English learning.The current study aims to examine the current situation and influencing factors of university students’English mobile learning.98 university students in one university of Shanghai participated the study and the questionnaire was used to collect the data.The results indicated that most university students already have electronic devices to support mobile learning.Personal factors,environmental factors,digital literacy,and technological capabilities are the main factors affecting university students’English mobile learning.The current study has implications for learners,teachers,and software developers.Learners should adjust their learning motivation,play an active role,and fully utilize the mobile platform to obtain resources and improve learning efficiency.Teachers should incorporate the advantages of mobile teaching and promote categorized and tiered teaching.Software developers should add new functions on the basis of meeting the basic needs of learners and continuously innovate the mobile learning platform.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the frequency and associated factors of accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision dysfunction among medical university students.METHODS:Totally 158 student volunteers underwent routine visio...AIM:To investigate the frequency and associated factors of accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision dysfunction among medical university students.METHODS:Totally 158 student volunteers underwent routine vision examination in the optometry clinic of Guangxi Medical University.Their data were used to identify the different types of accommodation and nonstrabismic binocular vision dysfunction and to determine their frequency.Correlation analysis and logistic regression were used to examine the factors associated with these abnormalities.RESULTS:The results showed that 36.71%of the subjects had accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision issues,with 8.86%being attributed to accommodation dysfunction and 27.85%to binocular abnormalities.Convergence insufficiency(CI)was the most common abnormality,accounting for 13.29%.Those with these abnormalities experienced higher levels of eyestrain(χ2=69.518,P<0.001).The linear correlations were observed between the difference of binocular spherical equivalent(SE)and the index of horizontal esotropia at a distance(r=0.231,P=0.004)and the asthenopia survey scale(ASS)score(r=0.346,P<0.001).Furthermore,the right eye's SE was inversely correlated with the convergence of positive and negative fusion images at close range(r=-0.321,P<0.001),the convergence of negative fusion images at close range(r=-0.294,P<0.001),the vergence facility(VF;r=-0.234,P=0.003),and the set of negative fusion images at far range(r=-0.237,P=0.003).Logistic regression analysis indicated that gender,age,and the difference in right and binocular SE did not influence the emergence of these abnormalities.CONCLUSION:Binocular vision abnormalities are more prevalent than accommodation dysfunction,with CI being the most frequent type.Greater binocular refractive disparity leads to more severe eyestrain symptoms.展开更多
Mental health difficulties can impact students’motivation,focus,and ability to communicate with others.Students attending medical universities are more likely to experience anxiety,depression,and other mood changes f...Mental health difficulties can impact students’motivation,focus,and ability to communicate with others.Students attending medical universities are more likely to experience anxiety,depression,and other mood changes for thefirst time.However,no study has examined their prevalence among Japanese rehabilitation students.This study investigated the prevalence of anxiety among Japanese rehabilitation students and aimed to identify its predictors.A cross-sectional study was conducted among 148first-year physical and occupational therapy students at a private medical university in Japan in June 2022.Data on sociodemographic and personal characteristics,such as gender,age,subject major,regular exercise,place of residence,and sleeping hours,were recorded using an original questionnaire.Instruments included the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory,COVID-19 questionnaire,and Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition(BDI-II).The results indicated that 83(56%)and 77(52%)students exhibited state anxiety and trait anxiety symptoms,respectively.Thirty-four(23%)students experienced mild depressive symptoms.Associations were further determined between gender,subject major,handling of stress,loneliness,satisfaction with life,satisfaction with social connections,anxiety about the future,satisfaction with school life,fulfillment of friendships,and depression.Several variables demonstrated a statistically significant association:handling stress(p<0.05;95%CI 0.409–2.472),satisfaction with life(p<0.01;95%CI 0.500–0.897),anxiety about the future(p<0.01;95%CI 1.397–4.087),and depression(total score of BDI-II,p<0.01;95%CI 1.555–100.742).Our results emphasize that universities must establish a system for early identification and support of anxiety and depression in students.展开更多
Background: University students who visit off-campus university cafeterias during their academic life may lack some basic food safety knowledge. Study Aim: To evaluate university students’ basic knowledge of food saf...Background: University students who visit off-campus university cafeterias during their academic life may lack some basic food safety knowledge. Study Aim: To evaluate university students’ basic knowledge of food safety in off-campus cafeterias. To explore whether the knowledge reported was influenced by the students’ educational backgrounds. Objects and Methods: Students from three different universities in Saudi Arabia were included. University A represented medical majors, University B represented a mix of both majors medical and non-medical, and University C represented only non-medical majors. Data Collection: An electronic questionnaire was circulated among 500 university students to evaluate their knowledge of food safety. The questionnaire had three main sections covering the cafeteria’s location as a food serving area, staff hygiene skills, and food preparation standards. The 5-point Likert scale consists of the following points: yes, maybe, no, it does not matter, I do not know. Only a “yes” answer indicated a positive response and proper awareness of the subject. Results: A total of 408 students participated, and the results showed significant differences in student knowledge between the three universities. In fact, University A’s students had better overall knowledge than University C’s students (0.001 < P). However, there was no significant difference between University A’s and University B’s students. The positive responses for the first part of the questionnaire which focused on off-campus cafeteria location, for 18 statements were from 26% to 90.4%. The positive responses for the second part of the questionnaire that focused on staff skills, for 8 statements were from 54.4% to 87.3%. Finally, the positive responses for the third part of the questionnaire which focused on food preparation, for 9 statements were 54.4% to 87.3%. Conclusion: Based on the overall comparison among universities, University A’s students have more knowledge in food safety in comparison to University C’s. University B’s students showed no significant difference with the latter two universities. The overall results suggest that students’ educational backgrounds can contribute effectively to the general knowledge of food safety.展开更多
An important carrier of excellent Chinese traditional culture is the classic book,and university students carry the important responsibility of promoting Chinese excellent traditional culture and propagating cultural ...An important carrier of excellent Chinese traditional culture is the classic book,and university students carry the important responsibility of promoting Chinese excellent traditional culture and propagating cultural confidence.The serious reading of classical texts is an important way for university students to learn traditional culture,which has the advantages of professionalism and systematization.At the present stage,university students lack the awareness and action to read the classics,and the time for serious reading is very limited.The genre,subject matter,and extent of IP development are important factors that affect the in-depth reading of the classic metatext.展开更多
The principle of“poverty alleviation first helps the poor”is fundamental to poverty alleviation through education in rural areas.It serves as an important foundation for improving the soft power of rural culture and...The principle of“poverty alleviation first helps the poor”is fundamental to poverty alleviation through education in rural areas.It serves as an important foundation for improving the soft power of rural culture and promoting the development of rural cultural construction.However,college students,being one of the main participants in educational poverty alleviation,have not been equipped with a well-established institutionalized participation mechanism and a sufficient awareness of participation.To enhance college students’awareness and participation in rural education and poverty alleviation and to improve the institutionalization,this research focuses on college students as a group,delves into the current situation and willingness of college students to participate in rural education and poverty alleviation,and analyzes the influencing factors affecting college students’participation in rural education and poverty alleviation by means of a questionnaire and a computerized statistical algorithm.Lastly,based on mathematical and statistical analysis,the research puts forward corresponding optimization countermeasures and suggestions from the perspectives of the government,colleges and universities,and villages,so as to provide decision-making guidelines for solving the problems of rural education development and talent constraints.展开更多
Labor education is an essential component of college and university education that can help students to develop a strong work ethic,acquire practical skills,and better understand the value of work.Strengthening labor ...Labor education is an essential component of college and university education that can help students to develop a strong work ethic,acquire practical skills,and better understand the value of work.Strengthening labor education for college and university students is an urgent need of the high-quality development of the society and the internal requirement of promoting the all-round development of individuals.This study analyzes the importance of strengthening labor education for college and university students in the new era and proposes four practical pathways which draw on labor courses and campus activities,social practices,scientific research projects,and internships.After implementing these pathways,a survey of 967 students showed that students’understanding and awareness of labor was deepened,their hands-on skills and interests in science and labor practices were improved,and they became more cordially respectful to the working class.Taken together,the exploration and practice of these pathways helps college and university students to recognize their abilities,strengths,and interests,and guides them to form good labor habits that permeate all aspects of their studies and lives.展开更多
Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought challenges in various domains of life but for low and middle-income country university students very demanding situations have emerged. University students’ psychological we...Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought challenges in various domains of life but for low and middle-income country university students very demanding situations have emerged. University students’ psychological well-being has always been an area of concern worldwide and higher rates of anxiety and depression have been extensively reported among this cohort. Objective: To determine the frequency of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and quality of sleep and the association of sleep quality and personality traits with anxiety and depressive symptoms among university students in Karachi, Pakistan in the context of the pandemic COVID-19. Method: This web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the students of a renowned, private, and HEC-recognized university during March 2020 to April 2020. Google forms were used to disseminate the online questionnaire to screen for depression-Patient Health Questionnaire—PHQ-9, anxiety-Generalized Anxiety Disorder—GAD-7, sleep-quality-Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale— PSQI and personality traits-Short Term Big Five Inventory—BFI-S. Results: Among the total sample size of 227 students, a considerable proportion of student participants had symptoms of mild anxiety [34.8%], moderate anxiety [15.9%], severe anxiety [18%], mild depression [19.8%], moderate depression [21.5%], moderately severe depression [13.3%] and severe depression [12%]. The majority of them were poor sleepers [77.5%]. Poor sleep quality was also associated with the level of depression and anxiety with a p-value of tiousness, Extroversion & Neuroticism were comparatively more vulnerable to anxiety and depression than people with other traits. Conclusion: This study gives strong evidence that a large percentage of university students have been suffering from depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic accompanied by poor sleep quality. Protecting students’ mental health is an inevitable target during health crises by developing preventive strategies and interventions to address the psychological well-being of university students. The findings also highlight the significance of personality traits as a relevant component of individual differences to respond to various health-related emergencies.展开更多
Background:The occurrence of mental health symptoms is higher in individuals aged between 18 and 24 years than in other age groups.Mental health literacy is derived from health literacy,and focuses on the knowledge,at...Background:The occurrence of mental health symptoms is higher in individuals aged between 18 and 24 years than in other age groups.Mental health literacy is derived from health literacy,and focuses on the knowledge,attitudes,and competencies that individuals need to acquire to manage their own health effectively.Low mental health literacy is associated with poorer mental health.Grit is also a known protective factor against mental disorders.Despite a heightened focus on mental health literacy and grit as important factors for decreasing mental health symptoms,knowledge of the effect of mental health literacy and grit on mental health symptoms is very limited.This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between mental health literacy and psychological symptoms and the mediating effect of grit on these relationships.Methods:This cross-sectional descriptive study used survey data from 178 university students in Korea.Data were collected between March and May 2022.The SPSS PROCESS macro(Model 4)was used to analyze the data.Results:Mental health literacy was not directly associated with psychological symptoms.However,an indirect pathway was observed between mental health literacy,depression,and anxiety,through grit.Conclusion:Mental health literacy affects psychological symptoms through grit.Therefore,to improve the mental health of university students,it is necessary to develop programs that increase mental health literacy and grit.展开更多
AIM:To estimate the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)in college and university students of North China and certain related factors for IBS.METHODS:A total of 2500 students from Shandong University in North C...AIM:To estimate the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)in college and university students of North China and certain related factors for IBS.METHODS:A total of 2500 students from Shandong University in North China were asked in February-March 2009 to complete questionnaires,including the Rome Ⅲquestionnaire,hospital anxiety and depression scale,and IBS-quality of life questionnaire(IBS-QOL).RESULTS:Among the 2126 students with complete data,the prevalence of IBS was 7.85%according to the RomeⅢcriteria,with a female/male ratio of 1.78:1.Most students had the IBS-constipation subtype (36.5%),followed by IBS-diarrhea subtype(31.1%)and IBS-mixed subtype(23.9%).The students with IBS had a higher anxiety and depression score than those without IBS.Low exercise level and anxiety indicated a high risk for IBS.The mean score of IBS patients was 74.2± 4.242 on the IBS-QOL.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of IBS is 7.85%in Chinese college and university students according to the RomeⅢcriteria.Low exercise level and anxiety may be the risk factors for IBS.展开更多
This paper investigated the spelling errors made by university students in Hong Kong.By analyzing the spelling errors in the untimed essays and exam scripts,we found that students are prone to make more spelling mista...This paper investigated the spelling errors made by university students in Hong Kong.By analyzing the spelling errors in the untimed essays and exam scripts,we found that students are prone to make more spelling mistakes in exam scripts,the same type of errors occur in both of the two kinds of texts;and their ranks of the frequency also are the same.展开更多
In this study, we investigated six types of mood state (tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility, vigor, fatigue, and confusion) using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) with 40 Japanese university studen...In this study, we investigated six types of mood state (tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility, vigor, fatigue, and confusion) using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) with 40 Japanese university students. We examined five main quality of life (QOL) domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environmental health) using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-26). We also examined the total scale score. We examined Spearman’s rank correlations between POMS mood state and QOL scores and compared male and female students’ scores. The results indicated statistically significant correlations between all six mood states and three broad WHOQOL-26 domains (physical health, psychological health, and social relationships). Moreover, the relationship between mood state and QOL showed a gender difference. There were correlations between mood states and the QOL domains of social relationships and environmental health for males. In contrast, mood state correlated with the QOL domains of physical health and psychological health in females. The findings suggest that gender-specific health provision is needed to care for young university students in Japan. However, our study has several limitations;therefore, larger-scale studies with older subjects are needed in the future.展开更多
Self-esteem is an important factor in the rise of depression cases among children and adolescents. In order to build self-esteem, it is important for parents to respect their children, acknowledge their value, and alw...Self-esteem is an important factor in the rise of depression cases among children and adolescents. In order to build self-esteem, it is important for parents to respect their children, acknowledge their value, and always encourage them, as well as for teachers to acknowledge their character and ability, in addition to allowing them to experience success. At the same time, voices calling for parents and teachers to rediscover their willingness and responsibility to scold children when necessary have also been growing. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the association between self-esteem and the way of scolding. With 311 university students as the study subjects, self-esteem and the relevant factors thereof were evaluated. As a result, no association was observed between the way of being scolded and self-esteem. Moreover, the reasons for being scolded were also not associated with self-esteem. However, regarding the association between the degree of acceptance (convinced by the way of being scolded) and self-esteem, it was revealed that student groups with higher self-esteem had a higher degree of acceptance. This suggested that self-esteem is associated with whether or not the people being scolded are convinced, as opposed to the way of being scolded or the reason for being scolded. Therefore, it was suggested that building a good relationship with those you scold is more important than the way of scolding.展开更多
Objective: To identify the moderating effects of cognitive reappraisal(CR) and expressive suppression(ES) on the relationship between posttraumatic stress(PTS) symptoms and posttraumatic growth(PTG) in university stud...Objective: To identify the moderating effects of cognitive reappraisal(CR) and expressive suppression(ES) on the relationship between posttraumatic stress(PTS) symptoms and posttraumatic growth(PTG) in university students. Methods: The survey included 1 987 Chinese university students who completed questionnaires on PTS symptoms in February 2020, with three follow-up surveys at two-month intervals until August 2020. We assessed CR and ES at February 2020 and PTG at August 2020. Growth mixture modeling was used to classify the PTS symptom trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression was used to recognize the predictors of class membership. The relationships among PTS symptoms, CR, ES, and PTG were examined using multi-group path analysis.Results: Sex, SARS-Co V-2 infection of a family member or friend, number of siblings, CR, and ES were significantly associated with PTS symptoms. Three latent classes were identified: ‘Increasing PTS’(n=205, 10.0%) who had rapid deterioration of PTS symptoms, ‘Moderate PTS’(n=149, 8.0%) who had a high level of PTS symptoms at the beginning and slightly increasing, and ‘Persistent Minimal PTS’(n=1 633, 82.0%), who had slow resolution of PTS symptoms over time. Male, SARS-Co V-2 infection of a family member or friend, and having a lower CR and a higher ES, were more likely to have ‘Increasing PTS’. PTS at February 2020 predicted PTG only in ‘Increasing PTS’ class, and both CR and ES had moderating effects on the conversion between them.Conclusions: Most students recovered from posttraumatic stress of COVID-19 pandemic, but a small proportion expeienced increasing PTS symptoms, and those with this condition may benefit from emotional regulation intervention.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the distribution of intraocular pressure(IOP)and its relationship with refractive error and other factors in university students from Anyang,China.METHODS:A university-based study was conducted.Subj...AIM:To investigate the distribution of intraocular pressure(IOP)and its relationship with refractive error and other factors in university students from Anyang,China.METHODS:A university-based study was conducted.Subjects were invited to complete ophthalmic examinations,including visual acuity,noncontact tonometr y(NCT),cycloplegic autorefraction,and ocular biometry.Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to evaluate the associations between IOP and other factors.Only data from right eyes were used in analysis.RESULTS:A total of 7720 subjects aged 16 to 26 years old were included,and 2834(36.4%)of the participants were male.The mean IOP of the right eye for all subjects was 15.52±3.20 mm Hg(95%CI:15.45,15.59).Using multivariate linear regression analysis,IOP was found to correlate significantly with younger age(P<0.001;standardized regression coefficientβ,-0.061;regression coefficientβ,-0.139;95%CI:-0.18,-0.09),higher myopic refractive error(P=0.044;standardizedβ,-0.060;regression coefficientβ,-0.770;95%CI:-0.15,-0.002),higher central corneal thickness(P<0.001;standardizedβ,0.450;regression coefficientβ,0.044;95%CI:0.04,0.05),and shorter axial length(AL;P<0.001;standardizedβ,-0.061;regression coefficientβ,-0.163;95%CI:-0.25,-0.07).CONCLUSION:This study described the normal distribution of IOP.In Chinese university students aged 16-26 y,higherIOP is associated with younger age,higher myopic refractive error,higher thickness of the central cornea,and shorter AL.展开更多
Mental health literacy(MHL)refers to knowledge and attitudes that shape the recognition,management,and prevention of mental disorders.While the topic has been exhaustively researched in Western countries,research from...Mental health literacy(MHL)refers to knowledge and attitudes that shape the recognition,management,and prevention of mental disorders.While the topic has been exhaustively researched in Western countries,research from Southeast Asia still is limited.Previous studies in this field showed a moderate recognition of mental disorders,a high prevalence of stigmatizing attitudes and a low willingness to seek professional help among Southeastern-Asian populations.This study explored the level of MHL among university students from different parts of Vietnam and Cambodia.Correlations with influencing factors(gender,age,study year,educational attainment of the parents,urban/rural origin,ethnicity,personal experiences with mental disorders)were also explored.An online survey,using a 30-item Vietnamese version of the Mental Health Literacy Scale(MHLS),was conducted at six university sites in Vietnam and Cambodia.Data of 1032 students from different study branches were included.The MHL of Vietnamese and Cambodian university students was lower,compared to samples from Australia or the UK.Females and students with a personal experience of mental disorders(self or family)showed a significantly higher MHL.No differences in MHL were found between students from different socioeconomic backgrounds(professional attainment of parents,urban/rural origin).Findings on the influence of ethnicity were inconclusive.MHL needs to be improved among the university students of Vietnam and Cambodia.Mental health promotion should specifically target male students,students from STEM branches,and international students.展开更多
Scientific interest in student’s mental health experiences has been increasing in the last years due to their influence on students’learning processes,academic performance,and recently,the suicidal news of a student...Scientific interest in student’s mental health experiences has been increasing in the last years due to their influence on students’learning processes,academic performance,and recently,the suicidal news of a student at a private university due to her mental health condition in Lahore Punjab,Pakistan,captured public attention.That incident also shifted researchers and scholars’attention on the much underexplored and tabooed sphere of the broader public health domain.Hence,the current study aimed to explore the relationship between mental health problems and Pakistani university students’academic performance.Participants were 540 senior semester students within the age range of 20–35 years taken from public and private institutes of Pakistan’s major cities,including Lahore,Islamabad,and Peshawar.Descriptive and inferential statistics was employed for data analysis.Pearson Product Moment Correlation,Hierarchical Regression analysis,and Independent sample t-test were used for data analysis in inferential statistics.The results of the study reveal that there is a strong positive association between mental health and improvement in academic performance.Mental health problems negatively affect the academic performance of university students.The findings of the current study were beneficial for shedding light on the ignorant area within the broader public health domain;the results are also helpful in raising awareness for not only students but also the parents and university administration to plan and design effective intervention strategies to provide proper mental health that resultantly promote academic excellence.展开更多
文摘AIM:To compare the vergence mechanisms between good and poor sleepers in university students.METHODS:A total of 64 university students were recruited in this study.The validated Malay version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire(PSQI-M)was used to measure the participants’sleep quality over the past month.Participants were categorized as good sleepers(n=32)and poor sleepers(n=32)based on the PSQI-M scores.Heterophoria and fusional vergences were measured at distance and near.Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare heterophoria,negative fusional vergence(NFV),and positive fusional vergence(PFV)at distance and near between good and poor sleepers.Spearman correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between PSQI-M score and PFV at distance.RESULTS:Both distance and near heterophorias were not significantly different between good and poor sleepers(P>0.05).There was a difference in distance PFV(P<0.05)between good and poor sleepers,but not in distance NFV,near NFV,and near PFV(P>0.05).Distance PFV was negatively correlated with PSQI-M score(rs=-0.33,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:University students with poor sleep quality demonstrates a reduced ability to maintain fusion with increasing convergence demand at distance.Sleep quality assessment during binocular vision examination in university students is recommended.
文摘BACKGROUND The detection rate of depression among university students has been increasing in recent years,becoming one of the main psychological diseases that endangers their physical and mental health.According to statistics,self-harm and suicide,for which there is no effective intervention,are the second leading causes of death.AIM To explore the relationship between different elements and levels of physical activity and college students’depression-symptom-specific working memory indicators.METHODS Of 143 college students were analyzed using the Beck Depression Self-Rating Scale,the Physical Activity Rating Scale,and the Working Memory Task.RESULTS There was a significant difference between college students with depressive symptoms and healthy college students in completing verbal and spatial working memory(SWM)tasks correctly(all P<0.01).Physical Activity Scale-3 scores were significantly and positively correlated with the correct rate of the verbal working memory task(r=0.166)and the correct rate of the SWM task(r=0.210)(all P<0.05).There were significant differences in the correct rates of verbal and SWM tasks according to different exercise intensities(all P<0.05)and different exercise durations(all P<0.05),and no significant differences in the correct rates of verbal and SWM tasks by exercise frequency(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION An increase in physical exercise among college students,particularly medium-and high-intensity exercise and exercise of 30 min or more,can improve the correct rate of completing working memory tasks.
文摘Background: Over the past 20 years, cultured meat has drawn a lot of public attention as a potential solution to issues with animal husbandry, including inadequate use of natural sources, improper animal welfare practices, and possible risks to public health and safety. The novel method of producing meat through culture reduces the need for animals to produce muscle fiber, thereby obviating the necessity for animal slaughter. Apart from its ethical advantages, cultured meat presents a possible way to fulfill the expanding need for food among growing populations. The purpose of this research was to find out whether Turkish students would be willing to pay for and accept cultured meat. Technique: Method: 371 university students who willingly consented to fill out a questionnaire and provide demographic data make up the research sample. Questions from previous studies on the acceptability of cultured meat were compiled to create the survey. The research’s data collection took place in March and April of 2022. The research was completed in June 2022 after the data had been processed and analyzed. Results: The results showed that the majority of participants were female and had omnivorous eating habits. Based on the results of the Bonferroni correction test, students with a higher intention to purchase and consume cultured meat were those who received economics and business education. Students with two years of university education had a higher overall survey score than those with four years of education (p < 0.05). Furthermore, it is discovered that there is a negative correlation between the participants’ ages and their Factor 2 (using cultured meat as an alternative to industrial meat) and Factor 3 (consuming and purchasing it) section points (r = -109, p = 0.036) (r = -0.121, p = 0.019). In conclusion, university students generally have a negative outlook on health-related issues, such as eating cultured meat as an alternative.
文摘Mobile learning integrates mobile technology with digital learning,offering flexible,personalized content and portable equipment.It enables access to rich content and enhances learning efficiency.Therefore,it has become mainstream to utilize mobile devices for English learning among university students’English learning.The current study aims to examine the current situation and influencing factors of university students’English mobile learning.98 university students in one university of Shanghai participated the study and the questionnaire was used to collect the data.The results indicated that most university students already have electronic devices to support mobile learning.Personal factors,environmental factors,digital literacy,and technological capabilities are the main factors affecting university students’English mobile learning.The current study has implications for learners,teachers,and software developers.Learners should adjust their learning motivation,play an active role,and fully utilize the mobile platform to obtain resources and improve learning efficiency.Teachers should incorporate the advantages of mobile teaching and promote categorized and tiered teaching.Software developers should add new functions on the basis of meeting the basic needs of learners and continuously innovate the mobile learning platform.
基金Supported by the Innovat ion and Entrepreneurship Project for College Students of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University in 2022 and the Development and Application of Appropriate Medical and Health Technologies in Guangxi(No.S2021093).
文摘AIM:To investigate the frequency and associated factors of accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision dysfunction among medical university students.METHODS:Totally 158 student volunteers underwent routine vision examination in the optometry clinic of Guangxi Medical University.Their data were used to identify the different types of accommodation and nonstrabismic binocular vision dysfunction and to determine their frequency.Correlation analysis and logistic regression were used to examine the factors associated with these abnormalities.RESULTS:The results showed that 36.71%of the subjects had accommodation and non-strabismic binocular vision issues,with 8.86%being attributed to accommodation dysfunction and 27.85%to binocular abnormalities.Convergence insufficiency(CI)was the most common abnormality,accounting for 13.29%.Those with these abnormalities experienced higher levels of eyestrain(χ2=69.518,P<0.001).The linear correlations were observed between the difference of binocular spherical equivalent(SE)and the index of horizontal esotropia at a distance(r=0.231,P=0.004)and the asthenopia survey scale(ASS)score(r=0.346,P<0.001).Furthermore,the right eye's SE was inversely correlated with the convergence of positive and negative fusion images at close range(r=-0.321,P<0.001),the convergence of negative fusion images at close range(r=-0.294,P<0.001),the vergence facility(VF;r=-0.234,P=0.003),and the set of negative fusion images at far range(r=-0.237,P=0.003).Logistic regression analysis indicated that gender,age,and the difference in right and binocular SE did not influence the emergence of these abnormalities.CONCLUSION:Binocular vision abnormalities are more prevalent than accommodation dysfunction,with CI being the most frequent type.Greater binocular refractive disparity leads to more severe eyestrain symptoms.
文摘Mental health difficulties can impact students’motivation,focus,and ability to communicate with others.Students attending medical universities are more likely to experience anxiety,depression,and other mood changes for thefirst time.However,no study has examined their prevalence among Japanese rehabilitation students.This study investigated the prevalence of anxiety among Japanese rehabilitation students and aimed to identify its predictors.A cross-sectional study was conducted among 148first-year physical and occupational therapy students at a private medical university in Japan in June 2022.Data on sociodemographic and personal characteristics,such as gender,age,subject major,regular exercise,place of residence,and sleeping hours,were recorded using an original questionnaire.Instruments included the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory,COVID-19 questionnaire,and Beck Depression Inventory–Second Edition(BDI-II).The results indicated that 83(56%)and 77(52%)students exhibited state anxiety and trait anxiety symptoms,respectively.Thirty-four(23%)students experienced mild depressive symptoms.Associations were further determined between gender,subject major,handling of stress,loneliness,satisfaction with life,satisfaction with social connections,anxiety about the future,satisfaction with school life,fulfillment of friendships,and depression.Several variables demonstrated a statistically significant association:handling stress(p<0.05;95%CI 0.409–2.472),satisfaction with life(p<0.01;95%CI 0.500–0.897),anxiety about the future(p<0.01;95%CI 1.397–4.087),and depression(total score of BDI-II,p<0.01;95%CI 1.555–100.742).Our results emphasize that universities must establish a system for early identification and support of anxiety and depression in students.
文摘Background: University students who visit off-campus university cafeterias during their academic life may lack some basic food safety knowledge. Study Aim: To evaluate university students’ basic knowledge of food safety in off-campus cafeterias. To explore whether the knowledge reported was influenced by the students’ educational backgrounds. Objects and Methods: Students from three different universities in Saudi Arabia were included. University A represented medical majors, University B represented a mix of both majors medical and non-medical, and University C represented only non-medical majors. Data Collection: An electronic questionnaire was circulated among 500 university students to evaluate their knowledge of food safety. The questionnaire had three main sections covering the cafeteria’s location as a food serving area, staff hygiene skills, and food preparation standards. The 5-point Likert scale consists of the following points: yes, maybe, no, it does not matter, I do not know. Only a “yes” answer indicated a positive response and proper awareness of the subject. Results: A total of 408 students participated, and the results showed significant differences in student knowledge between the three universities. In fact, University A’s students had better overall knowledge than University C’s students (0.001 < P). However, there was no significant difference between University A’s and University B’s students. The positive responses for the first part of the questionnaire which focused on off-campus cafeteria location, for 18 statements were from 26% to 90.4%. The positive responses for the second part of the questionnaire that focused on staff skills, for 8 statements were from 54.4% to 87.3%. Finally, the positive responses for the third part of the questionnaire which focused on food preparation, for 9 statements were 54.4% to 87.3%. Conclusion: Based on the overall comparison among universities, University A’s students have more knowledge in food safety in comparison to University C’s. University B’s students showed no significant difference with the latter two universities. The overall results suggest that students’ educational backgrounds can contribute effectively to the general knowledge of food safety.
基金北京大学生创新训练项目-大学生传统文化习得中的实践逻辑研究,Serial Number S200210015037北京印刷学院校级教改创新重点项目-国家级一流专业--编辑出版学专业建设研究,Serial Number22150223075.
文摘An important carrier of excellent Chinese traditional culture is the classic book,and university students carry the important responsibility of promoting Chinese excellent traditional culture and propagating cultural confidence.The serious reading of classical texts is an important way for university students to learn traditional culture,which has the advantages of professionalism and systematization.At the present stage,university students lack the awareness and action to read the classics,and the time for serious reading is very limited.The genre,subject matter,and extent of IP development are important factors that affect the in-depth reading of the classic metatext.
文摘The principle of“poverty alleviation first helps the poor”is fundamental to poverty alleviation through education in rural areas.It serves as an important foundation for improving the soft power of rural culture and promoting the development of rural cultural construction.However,college students,being one of the main participants in educational poverty alleviation,have not been equipped with a well-established institutionalized participation mechanism and a sufficient awareness of participation.To enhance college students’awareness and participation in rural education and poverty alleviation and to improve the institutionalization,this research focuses on college students as a group,delves into the current situation and willingness of college students to participate in rural education and poverty alleviation,and analyzes the influencing factors affecting college students’participation in rural education and poverty alleviation by means of a questionnaire and a computerized statistical algorithm.Lastly,based on mathematical and statistical analysis,the research puts forward corresponding optimization countermeasures and suggestions from the perspectives of the government,colleges and universities,and villages,so as to provide decision-making guidelines for solving the problems of rural education development and talent constraints.
基金supported by Research Project of Henan Provincial Social Science Circles Federation(SKL-2023-1059)Higher Education Research Project of Henan Association of Higher Education(2021SXHLX175)Research Projects from Xinxiang Municipal Social Science Circles Federation(SKL-2023-126 and SKL-2023-136).
文摘Labor education is an essential component of college and university education that can help students to develop a strong work ethic,acquire practical skills,and better understand the value of work.Strengthening labor education for college and university students is an urgent need of the high-quality development of the society and the internal requirement of promoting the all-round development of individuals.This study analyzes the importance of strengthening labor education for college and university students in the new era and proposes four practical pathways which draw on labor courses and campus activities,social practices,scientific research projects,and internships.After implementing these pathways,a survey of 967 students showed that students’understanding and awareness of labor was deepened,their hands-on skills and interests in science and labor practices were improved,and they became more cordially respectful to the working class.Taken together,the exploration and practice of these pathways helps college and university students to recognize their abilities,strengths,and interests,and guides them to form good labor habits that permeate all aspects of their studies and lives.
文摘Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought challenges in various domains of life but for low and middle-income country university students very demanding situations have emerged. University students’ psychological well-being has always been an area of concern worldwide and higher rates of anxiety and depression have been extensively reported among this cohort. Objective: To determine the frequency of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and quality of sleep and the association of sleep quality and personality traits with anxiety and depressive symptoms among university students in Karachi, Pakistan in the context of the pandemic COVID-19. Method: This web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the students of a renowned, private, and HEC-recognized university during March 2020 to April 2020. Google forms were used to disseminate the online questionnaire to screen for depression-Patient Health Questionnaire—PHQ-9, anxiety-Generalized Anxiety Disorder—GAD-7, sleep-quality-Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale— PSQI and personality traits-Short Term Big Five Inventory—BFI-S. Results: Among the total sample size of 227 students, a considerable proportion of student participants had symptoms of mild anxiety [34.8%], moderate anxiety [15.9%], severe anxiety [18%], mild depression [19.8%], moderate depression [21.5%], moderately severe depression [13.3%] and severe depression [12%]. The majority of them were poor sleepers [77.5%]. Poor sleep quality was also associated with the level of depression and anxiety with a p-value of tiousness, Extroversion & Neuroticism were comparatively more vulnerable to anxiety and depression than people with other traits. Conclusion: This study gives strong evidence that a large percentage of university students have been suffering from depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic accompanied by poor sleep quality. Protecting students’ mental health is an inevitable target during health crises by developing preventive strategies and interventions to address the psychological well-being of university students. The findings also highlight the significance of personality traits as a relevant component of individual differences to respond to various health-related emergencies.
基金supported by the Dongguk University Research Fund of 2021.
文摘Background:The occurrence of mental health symptoms is higher in individuals aged between 18 and 24 years than in other age groups.Mental health literacy is derived from health literacy,and focuses on the knowledge,attitudes,and competencies that individuals need to acquire to manage their own health effectively.Low mental health literacy is associated with poorer mental health.Grit is also a known protective factor against mental disorders.Despite a heightened focus on mental health literacy and grit as important factors for decreasing mental health symptoms,knowledge of the effect of mental health literacy and grit on mental health symptoms is very limited.This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between mental health literacy and psychological symptoms and the mediating effect of grit on these relationships.Methods:This cross-sectional descriptive study used survey data from 178 university students in Korea.Data were collected between March and May 2022.The SPSS PROCESS macro(Model 4)was used to analyze the data.Results:Mental health literacy was not directly associated with psychological symptoms.However,an indirect pathway was observed between mental health literacy,depression,and anxiety,through grit.Conclusion:Mental health literacy affects psychological symptoms through grit.Therefore,to improve the mental health of university students,it is necessary to develop programs that increase mental health literacy and grit.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30770990Medical Science and Technique Foundation of Shandong Province,No.2009GG10002009
文摘AIM:To estimate the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)in college and university students of North China and certain related factors for IBS.METHODS:A total of 2500 students from Shandong University in North China were asked in February-March 2009 to complete questionnaires,including the Rome Ⅲquestionnaire,hospital anxiety and depression scale,and IBS-quality of life questionnaire(IBS-QOL).RESULTS:Among the 2126 students with complete data,the prevalence of IBS was 7.85%according to the RomeⅢcriteria,with a female/male ratio of 1.78:1.Most students had the IBS-constipation subtype (36.5%),followed by IBS-diarrhea subtype(31.1%)and IBS-mixed subtype(23.9%).The students with IBS had a higher anxiety and depression score than those without IBS.Low exercise level and anxiety indicated a high risk for IBS.The mean score of IBS patients was 74.2± 4.242 on the IBS-QOL.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of IBS is 7.85%in Chinese college and university students according to the RomeⅢcriteria.Low exercise level and anxiety may be the risk factors for IBS.
文摘This paper investigated the spelling errors made by university students in Hong Kong.By analyzing the spelling errors in the untimed essays and exam scripts,we found that students are prone to make more spelling mistakes in exam scripts,the same type of errors occur in both of the two kinds of texts;and their ranks of the frequency also are the same.
文摘In this study, we investigated six types of mood state (tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility, vigor, fatigue, and confusion) using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) with 40 Japanese university students. We examined five main quality of life (QOL) domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environmental health) using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-26). We also examined the total scale score. We examined Spearman’s rank correlations between POMS mood state and QOL scores and compared male and female students’ scores. The results indicated statistically significant correlations between all six mood states and three broad WHOQOL-26 domains (physical health, psychological health, and social relationships). Moreover, the relationship between mood state and QOL showed a gender difference. There were correlations between mood states and the QOL domains of social relationships and environmental health for males. In contrast, mood state correlated with the QOL domains of physical health and psychological health in females. The findings suggest that gender-specific health provision is needed to care for young university students in Japan. However, our study has several limitations;therefore, larger-scale studies with older subjects are needed in the future.
文摘Self-esteem is an important factor in the rise of depression cases among children and adolescents. In order to build self-esteem, it is important for parents to respect their children, acknowledge their value, and always encourage them, as well as for teachers to acknowledge their character and ability, in addition to allowing them to experience success. At the same time, voices calling for parents and teachers to rediscover their willingness and responsibility to scold children when necessary have also been growing. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the association between self-esteem and the way of scolding. With 311 university students as the study subjects, self-esteem and the relevant factors thereof were evaluated. As a result, no association was observed between the way of being scolded and self-esteem. Moreover, the reasons for being scolded were also not associated with self-esteem. However, regarding the association between the degree of acceptance (convinced by the way of being scolded) and self-esteem, it was revealed that student groups with higher self-esteem had a higher degree of acceptance. This suggested that self-esteem is associated with whether or not the people being scolded are convinced, as opposed to the way of being scolded or the reason for being scolded. Therefore, it was suggested that building a good relationship with those you scold is more important than the way of scolding.
基金supported by Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 821RC1124)the Education Department of Hainan Province(grant number Hnjgzc2022-22)+1 种基金the Hainan Medical University(grant numbers XGZX2020003,HYPY2020028,and HYYB202131)Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center(QWYH202175).
文摘Objective: To identify the moderating effects of cognitive reappraisal(CR) and expressive suppression(ES) on the relationship between posttraumatic stress(PTS) symptoms and posttraumatic growth(PTG) in university students. Methods: The survey included 1 987 Chinese university students who completed questionnaires on PTS symptoms in February 2020, with three follow-up surveys at two-month intervals until August 2020. We assessed CR and ES at February 2020 and PTG at August 2020. Growth mixture modeling was used to classify the PTS symptom trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression was used to recognize the predictors of class membership. The relationships among PTS symptoms, CR, ES, and PTG were examined using multi-group path analysis.Results: Sex, SARS-Co V-2 infection of a family member or friend, number of siblings, CR, and ES were significantly associated with PTS symptoms. Three latent classes were identified: ‘Increasing PTS’(n=205, 10.0%) who had rapid deterioration of PTS symptoms, ‘Moderate PTS’(n=149, 8.0%) who had a high level of PTS symptoms at the beginning and slightly increasing, and ‘Persistent Minimal PTS’(n=1 633, 82.0%), who had slow resolution of PTS symptoms over time. Male, SARS-Co V-2 infection of a family member or friend, and having a lower CR and a higher ES, were more likely to have ‘Increasing PTS’. PTS at February 2020 predicted PTG only in ‘Increasing PTS’ class, and both CR and ES had moderating effects on the conversion between them.Conclusions: Most students recovered from posttraumatic stress of COVID-19 pandemic, but a small proportion expeienced increasing PTS symptoms, and those with this condition may benefit from emotional regulation intervention.
文摘AIM:To investigate the distribution of intraocular pressure(IOP)and its relationship with refractive error and other factors in university students from Anyang,China.METHODS:A university-based study was conducted.Subjects were invited to complete ophthalmic examinations,including visual acuity,noncontact tonometr y(NCT),cycloplegic autorefraction,and ocular biometry.Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to evaluate the associations between IOP and other factors.Only data from right eyes were used in analysis.RESULTS:A total of 7720 subjects aged 16 to 26 years old were included,and 2834(36.4%)of the participants were male.The mean IOP of the right eye for all subjects was 15.52±3.20 mm Hg(95%CI:15.45,15.59).Using multivariate linear regression analysis,IOP was found to correlate significantly with younger age(P<0.001;standardized regression coefficientβ,-0.061;regression coefficientβ,-0.139;95%CI:-0.18,-0.09),higher myopic refractive error(P=0.044;standardizedβ,-0.060;regression coefficientβ,-0.770;95%CI:-0.15,-0.002),higher central corneal thickness(P<0.001;standardizedβ,0.450;regression coefficientβ,0.044;95%CI:0.04,0.05),and shorter axial length(AL;P<0.001;standardizedβ,-0.061;regression coefficientβ,-0.163;95%CI:-0.25,-0.07).CONCLUSION:This study described the normal distribution of IOP.In Chinese university students aged 16-26 y,higherIOP is associated with younger age,higher myopic refractive error,higher thickness of the central cornea,and shorter AL.
文摘Mental health literacy(MHL)refers to knowledge and attitudes that shape the recognition,management,and prevention of mental disorders.While the topic has been exhaustively researched in Western countries,research from Southeast Asia still is limited.Previous studies in this field showed a moderate recognition of mental disorders,a high prevalence of stigmatizing attitudes and a low willingness to seek professional help among Southeastern-Asian populations.This study explored the level of MHL among university students from different parts of Vietnam and Cambodia.Correlations with influencing factors(gender,age,study year,educational attainment of the parents,urban/rural origin,ethnicity,personal experiences with mental disorders)were also explored.An online survey,using a 30-item Vietnamese version of the Mental Health Literacy Scale(MHLS),was conducted at six university sites in Vietnam and Cambodia.Data of 1032 students from different study branches were included.The MHL of Vietnamese and Cambodian university students was lower,compared to samples from Australia or the UK.Females and students with a personal experience of mental disorders(self or family)showed a significantly higher MHL.No differences in MHL were found between students from different socioeconomic backgrounds(professional attainment of parents,urban/rural origin).Findings on the influence of ethnicity were inconclusive.MHL needs to be improved among the university students of Vietnam and Cambodia.Mental health promotion should specifically target male students,students from STEM branches,and international students.
基金The study presented in this paper is supported by the Heilongjiang Higher Education Teaching Reform Project:Research on the innovation of network teaching mode of Ideological and political theory course in Colleges and universities(Grant No.sjgsz2020004).
文摘Scientific interest in student’s mental health experiences has been increasing in the last years due to their influence on students’learning processes,academic performance,and recently,the suicidal news of a student at a private university due to her mental health condition in Lahore Punjab,Pakistan,captured public attention.That incident also shifted researchers and scholars’attention on the much underexplored and tabooed sphere of the broader public health domain.Hence,the current study aimed to explore the relationship between mental health problems and Pakistani university students’academic performance.Participants were 540 senior semester students within the age range of 20–35 years taken from public and private institutes of Pakistan’s major cities,including Lahore,Islamabad,and Peshawar.Descriptive and inferential statistics was employed for data analysis.Pearson Product Moment Correlation,Hierarchical Regression analysis,and Independent sample t-test were used for data analysis in inferential statistics.The results of the study reveal that there is a strong positive association between mental health and improvement in academic performance.Mental health problems negatively affect the academic performance of university students.The findings of the current study were beneficial for shedding light on the ignorant area within the broader public health domain;the results are also helpful in raising awareness for not only students but also the parents and university administration to plan and design effective intervention strategies to provide proper mental health that resultantly promote academic excellence.
