The emergence of rapid transit,primarily represented by high-speed railway(HSR),while reshaping the regional traffic patterns,leads to the reconstruction and redistribution of population and industry.This leads to eit...The emergence of rapid transit,primarily represented by high-speed railway(HSR),while reshaping the regional traffic patterns,leads to the reconstruction and redistribution of population and industry.This leads to either shrinkage or expansion of urban scale.However,research on the influence mechanisms of the urban scale has mostly concentrated on historical,economic and social factors.The influence of traffic factors is rarely mentioned in current research.Therefore,this study examines Northeast China,where the change in urban scale is most significant,to discuss the spatial impact of high-speed railway on the urban scale.This is of great significance in terms of enriching current understanding of the factors affecting the urban scale.The results included the following:1)The high-speed railway produced considerable space-time convergence effects,however,simultaneously aggravated the imbalance in traffic development in Northeast China.The increase in accessibility presents attenuation characteristics from the high-speed railway.Additionally,the high-speed railway has changed the mode of cooperation between cities in the provinces,inter-regional and inter-provincial cooperation models gradually become popular.2)The change rate of accessibility and the urban scale present significant spatial coupling phenomena,with the change rate of the Harbin-Dalian trunk lines and its surroundings being more significant.3)There are predominantly four modes of the influence of high-speed railway on the urban scale,which make difference city present expansion or shrinkage.展开更多
In the United States,the buildings sector consumes about 76%of electricity use and 40% of all primary energy use and associated greenhouse gas emissions.Occupant behavior has drawn increasing research interests due to...In the United States,the buildings sector consumes about 76%of electricity use and 40% of all primary energy use and associated greenhouse gas emissions.Occupant behavior has drawn increasing research interests due to its impacts on the building energy consumption.However,occupant behavior study at urban scale remains a challenge,and very limited studies have been conducted.As an effort to couple big data analysis with human mobility modeling,this study has explored urban scale human mobility utilizing three months Global Positioning System(GPS)data of 93,o00 users at Phoenix Metropolitan Area.This research extracted stay points from raw data,and identified users'home,work,and other locations by Density-Based Spatial Clustering algorithm.Then,daily mobility patterns were constructed using different types of locations.We propose a novel approach to predict urban scale daily human mobility patterns with 12-hour prediction horizon,using Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)neural network model.Results shows the developed models achieved around 85%average accuracy and about 86%mean precision.The developed models can be further applied to analyze urban scale occupant behavior,building energy demand and flexibility,and contributed to urban planning.展开更多
Considering the urban characteristics,a customized multi-scale numerical modeling system is established to simulate the urban meteorological environment.The system mainly involves three spatial scales:the urban scale,...Considering the urban characteristics,a customized multi-scale numerical modeling system is established to simulate the urban meteorological environment.The system mainly involves three spatial scales:the urban scale,urban sub-domain scale,and single to few buildings scale.In it,different underlying surface types axe employed,the building drag factor is used to replace its roughness in the influence on the urban wind field,the effects of building distribution,azimuth and screening of shortwave radiation are added,and the influence of anthropogenic heating is also taken into account.All the numerical tests indicate that the simulated results are reasonably in agreement with the observational data,so the system can be used to simulate the urban meteorological environment.Making use of it,the characteristics of the meteorological environment from the urban to urban sub-domain scales,even the among-buildings scale,can be recognized.As long as the urban planning scheme is given,the corresponding simulated results can be obtained so as to meet the need of optimizing urban planning.展开更多
The adjustment of administrative divisions is one of the important factors guiding China's urbanization, which has profound economic and social effects for regional development. In this paper, we comprehensively d...The adjustment of administrative divisions is one of the important factors guiding China's urbanization, which has profound economic and social effects for regional development. In this paper, we comprehensively describe the process of the adjustment of administrative divisions at provincial and municipal levels in China and summarize the effects on the basic structure and patterns of the spatial development. We quantitatively assess the effects on fields such as urbanization and social economy through the use of multidimensional scaling. The results show that: 1) Upgrading county to municipality(or city-governed district) is the main way of adjusting the administrative divisions. It is also an important factor in the spatial differentiation of interprovincial urbanization. China's population urbanization can be divided into four patterns including interprovincial migration, provincial migration, natural growth, and growth caused by the adjustment of administrative divisions, which is also the main reason for the increased Chinese urbanization rate at the provincial level. 2) Taking the city of Beijing as an example, we generalize five adjustment patterns made to administrative divisions: the set-up of sub-districts, the set-up of regional offices, the upgrading of townships to sub-districts, the upgrading of townships to towns, and the set-up of towns and the addition of new regional offices. We summarize the municipal urban spatial structure, including the sub-district office area in the central urban area, the regional office area in the new urban area, the mixed area of villages, towns, and sub-district offices in the suburb area, and the township area in the outer suburb area. 3) The adjustment of administrative divisions triggers a significant circulative accumulation effect, resulting in the spatial locking of population and industrial agglomeration. It affects the evolution of the urban spatial form and plays an important role in shaping the urban spatial structure to move to the characteristic of multicenter. In general, the adjustment of administrative divisions was an important factor affecting the inflated statistical level of urbanization and also an important driving force for the evolution of Chinese urban spatial organization structure.展开更多
This paper is to examine the urban and rural construction land data of Dafang between basic year and final year based on country scale and spatial econometrics,and analyze its spatial pattern and change feature. Accor...This paper is to examine the urban and rural construction land data of Dafang between basic year and final year based on country scale and spatial econometrics,and analyze its spatial pattern and change feature. According to the results,the construction lands in all the villages of Dafang County showed strong spatial autocorrelation and significant spatial cluster. After the analysis of local Moran's I,the construction lands in 381 villages of 36 counties presented strong activity. The original small-scale villages were gradually enlarging,which will not only gradually benefit local development,but also be in accordance with the strategy of " one city,one district,eight parks".展开更多
The intensified conflict between island urbanization and lagging supervision deserves special attention worldwide.Zhoushan Island has been an outstanding center of marine economic development in China but also one of ...The intensified conflict between island urbanization and lagging supervision deserves special attention worldwide.Zhoushan Island has been an outstanding center of marine economic development in China but also one of the areas most threatened by recent human activities.To cope with this challenge,the development of a retrospective understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of island urban growth is a key prerequisite.Detailed,multi-scales,long-term studies on island urban expansion are relatively rare.Remote sensing data,landscape metrics,and spatial statistics were used to characterize the urban landscape changes during the years from 1980 to 2013.Then,the potential determinants of island urban expansion were analyzed by integrating socioeconomic drivers,population factors,topographic variables,and policy guidance.The results indicate that Zhoushan Island has experienced a considerable urban expansion with an evident acceleration during the last period.Landscape changes in response to urban expansion varied with time,region,and scale.A general understanding of landscape metrics failed to reveal accurate dynamics for the urban landscape at a local level.At a block size of1 km,the urban landscape was more compact around the island urban center and the new developing zone,in contrast to the extensive and scattered pattern present across the entire region.Urban land primarily expanded from the urban center to the coastal regions due to topographic constraints and support from policy and economic benefits.The potential impact of the population factor decreased with urban growth,a finding that differs from several previous studies.The island urban dynamics observed in this study involved characteristics and differences that will guide future planning decisions and will provide a scientific case for urban development and sustainability with respect to islands and coastal regions in China.展开更多
Urban rail transit(URT) has been playing an important role in urban sustainable development with its advantages of high speed,large capacity,high efficiency and low pollution.Estimating URT network scale is the key to...Urban rail transit(URT) has been playing an important role in urban sustainable development with its advantages of high speed,large capacity,high efficiency and low pollution.Estimating URT network scale is the key to ensure the scientificity and feasibility of its construction.The existing studies on rational scale of URT network have not dealt with the interaction of supply and demand.This paper describes the establishment of a system dynamics model of rational URT network scale determination,considering the interaction between URT construction and city social economic development as well as the dynamic equilibrium of capital supply and traffic demand,and the verification of the model validity by applying it to the case of Wuhan City's URT construction.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41471133,41871112).
文摘The emergence of rapid transit,primarily represented by high-speed railway(HSR),while reshaping the regional traffic patterns,leads to the reconstruction and redistribution of population and industry.This leads to either shrinkage or expansion of urban scale.However,research on the influence mechanisms of the urban scale has mostly concentrated on historical,economic and social factors.The influence of traffic factors is rarely mentioned in current research.Therefore,this study examines Northeast China,where the change in urban scale is most significant,to discuss the spatial impact of high-speed railway on the urban scale.This is of great significance in terms of enriching current understanding of the factors affecting the urban scale.The results included the following:1)The high-speed railway produced considerable space-time convergence effects,however,simultaneously aggravated the imbalance in traffic development in Northeast China.The increase in accessibility presents attenuation characteristics from the high-speed railway.Additionally,the high-speed railway has changed the mode of cooperation between cities in the provinces,inter-regional and inter-provincial cooperation models gradually become popular.2)The change rate of accessibility and the urban scale present significant spatial coupling phenomena,with the change rate of the Harbin-Dalian trunk lines and its surroundings being more significant.3)There are predominantly four modes of the influence of high-speed railway on the urban scale,which make difference city present expansion or shrinkage.
基金supported by the U.S.National Science Foundation(Award No.1949372 and No.2125775)in part supported through computational resources provided by Syracuse University.
文摘In the United States,the buildings sector consumes about 76%of electricity use and 40% of all primary energy use and associated greenhouse gas emissions.Occupant behavior has drawn increasing research interests due to its impacts on the building energy consumption.However,occupant behavior study at urban scale remains a challenge,and very limited studies have been conducted.As an effort to couple big data analysis with human mobility modeling,this study has explored urban scale human mobility utilizing three months Global Positioning System(GPS)data of 93,o00 users at Phoenix Metropolitan Area.This research extracted stay points from raw data,and identified users'home,work,and other locations by Density-Based Spatial Clustering algorithm.Then,daily mobility patterns were constructed using different types of locations.We propose a novel approach to predict urban scale daily human mobility patterns with 12-hour prediction horizon,using Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)neural network model.Results shows the developed models achieved around 85%average accuracy and about 86%mean precision.The developed models can be further applied to analyze urban scale occupant behavior,building energy demand and flexibility,and contributed to urban planning.
基金sponsored by the Key Project(96-920-34-07)of the Ministry of Science and Technology,Chinathe Nationa1 Natura1 Science Foundation of China(40333027).
文摘Considering the urban characteristics,a customized multi-scale numerical modeling system is established to simulate the urban meteorological environment.The system mainly involves three spatial scales:the urban scale,urban sub-domain scale,and single to few buildings scale.In it,different underlying surface types axe employed,the building drag factor is used to replace its roughness in the influence on the urban wind field,the effects of building distribution,azimuth and screening of shortwave radiation are added,and the influence of anthropogenic heating is also taken into account.All the numerical tests indicate that the simulated results are reasonably in agreement with the observational data,so the system can be used to simulate the urban meteorological environment.Making use of it,the characteristics of the meteorological environment from the urban to urban sub-domain scales,even the among-buildings scale,can be recognized.As long as the urban planning scheme is given,the corresponding simulated results can be obtained so as to meet the need of optimizing urban planning.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41701164,71433008)Programme of Excellent Young Scientists of the Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Science
文摘The adjustment of administrative divisions is one of the important factors guiding China's urbanization, which has profound economic and social effects for regional development. In this paper, we comprehensively describe the process of the adjustment of administrative divisions at provincial and municipal levels in China and summarize the effects on the basic structure and patterns of the spatial development. We quantitatively assess the effects on fields such as urbanization and social economy through the use of multidimensional scaling. The results show that: 1) Upgrading county to municipality(or city-governed district) is the main way of adjusting the administrative divisions. It is also an important factor in the spatial differentiation of interprovincial urbanization. China's population urbanization can be divided into four patterns including interprovincial migration, provincial migration, natural growth, and growth caused by the adjustment of administrative divisions, which is also the main reason for the increased Chinese urbanization rate at the provincial level. 2) Taking the city of Beijing as an example, we generalize five adjustment patterns made to administrative divisions: the set-up of sub-districts, the set-up of regional offices, the upgrading of townships to sub-districts, the upgrading of townships to towns, and the set-up of towns and the addition of new regional offices. We summarize the municipal urban spatial structure, including the sub-district office area in the central urban area, the regional office area in the new urban area, the mixed area of villages, towns, and sub-district offices in the suburb area, and the township area in the outer suburb area. 3) The adjustment of administrative divisions triggers a significant circulative accumulation effect, resulting in the spatial locking of population and industrial agglomeration. It affects the evolution of the urban spatial form and plays an important role in shaping the urban spatial structure to move to the characteristic of multicenter. In general, the adjustment of administrative divisions was an important factor affecting the inflated statistical level of urbanization and also an important driving force for the evolution of Chinese urban spatial organization structure.
基金Supported by the Land Use Plan Program of Dafang Bureau of Land and Resources[(2010)BCXY1209]the Sub-program"Graphics Construction in Dafang County"of the Land Use Plan in Dafang County of School of Economics,Guizhou University[(2011)1201]
文摘This paper is to examine the urban and rural construction land data of Dafang between basic year and final year based on country scale and spatial econometrics,and analyze its spatial pattern and change feature. According to the results,the construction lands in all the villages of Dafang County showed strong spatial autocorrelation and significant spatial cluster. After the analysis of local Moran's I,the construction lands in 381 villages of 36 counties presented strong activity. The original small-scale villages were gradually enlarging,which will not only gradually benefit local development,but also be in accordance with the strategy of " one city,one district,eight parks".
基金Zhejiang Provincial Academy of Social Sciences of China(No.2015N076)the Funding from Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection,China(No.STSN-05-11)+2 种基金National Science-Technology Support Plan Project,China(No.2015BAC02B06)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(No.LQ14D010003)Zhejiang Provincial Social Science Foundation of China(No.16NDJC145YB)
文摘The intensified conflict between island urbanization and lagging supervision deserves special attention worldwide.Zhoushan Island has been an outstanding center of marine economic development in China but also one of the areas most threatened by recent human activities.To cope with this challenge,the development of a retrospective understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of island urban growth is a key prerequisite.Detailed,multi-scales,long-term studies on island urban expansion are relatively rare.Remote sensing data,landscape metrics,and spatial statistics were used to characterize the urban landscape changes during the years from 1980 to 2013.Then,the potential determinants of island urban expansion were analyzed by integrating socioeconomic drivers,population factors,topographic variables,and policy guidance.The results indicate that Zhoushan Island has experienced a considerable urban expansion with an evident acceleration during the last period.Landscape changes in response to urban expansion varied with time,region,and scale.A general understanding of landscape metrics failed to reveal accurate dynamics for the urban landscape at a local level.At a block size of1 km,the urban landscape was more compact around the island urban center and the new developing zone,in contrast to the extensive and scattered pattern present across the entire region.Urban land primarily expanded from the urban center to the coastal regions due to topographic constraints and support from policy and economic benefits.The potential impact of the population factor decreased with urban growth,a finding that differs from several previous studies.The island urban dynamics observed in this study involved characteristics and differences that will guide future planning decisions and will provide a scientific case for urban development and sustainability with respect to islands and coastal regions in China.
基金Funded by Independent Innovation Grant of Huazhong University of Science & Technology (No. M2009013)
文摘Urban rail transit(URT) has been playing an important role in urban sustainable development with its advantages of high speed,large capacity,high efficiency and low pollution.Estimating URT network scale is the key to ensure the scientificity and feasibility of its construction.The existing studies on rational scale of URT network have not dealt with the interaction of supply and demand.This paper describes the establishment of a system dynamics model of rational URT network scale determination,considering the interaction between URT construction and city social economic development as well as the dynamic equilibrium of capital supply and traffic demand,and the verification of the model validity by applying it to the case of Wuhan City's URT construction.
