The effect of urban shrinkage has gradually become a new topic.Theoretically,urban shrinkage may exert great influence on land use efficiency(LUE)through various urban subsystems,but there is currently limited researc...The effect of urban shrinkage has gradually become a new topic.Theoretically,urban shrinkage may exert great influence on land use efficiency(LUE)through various urban subsystems,but there is currently limited research examining these pathways.Using the Super-SBM-Undesirable model and the Structural Equation Model(SEM),this study calculates the LUE of shrinking cities in Northeast China and simulates the process of urban shrinkage affecting LUE.To quantify the process of urban shrinkage affecting LUE,three mediation variables,namely the economy,public services,and innovation,are used as latent variables to apply SEM.The results show that urban shrinkage will affect LUE through a direct path and indirect paths.In the direct path,urban shrinkage leads to an improvement in LUE.In the indirect paths,the economy and innovation will transmit the negative effect of urban shrinkage on LUE,while public services will reverse this effect.An important contribution of this study is that it quantifies the paths of urban shrinkage affecting LUE,thereby expanding the understanding of urban shrinkage effect and laying a foundation for the sustainable development of shrinking cities.展开更多
This paper examines national urban agglomerations by taking factor flows as the focal point as the research subject.By dividing the stages of urban agglomeration development,a comprehensive framework of urban shrinkag...This paper examines national urban agglomerations by taking factor flows as the focal point as the research subject.By dividing the stages of urban agglomeration development,a comprehensive framework of urban shrinkage is constructed,encompassing economic,population,and social shrinkage.The study explores the spatial distribution characteristics of urban shrinkage during different stages of urban agglomeration and investigates the influencing factors using a geographic detector model.The findings reveal that urban shrinkage within urban agglomerations is widely spread,predominantly in peripheral areas.During the diffusion stage,urban shrinkage is scattered,with population shrinkage concentrated in peripheral regions,economic shrinkage concentrated on old industrial cities,and social shrinkage concentrated on the northeast.The outcomes of the geographic detector model indicate that traffic flow,capital flow,information flow,node importance,network connectivity,government investment,openness,and environmental regulations all play significant roles in shaping the spatial distribution of urban shrinkage.展开更多
Public services provide convenient conditions for urban residents to study,work and live,and have important significance for improving the life quality of residents and improving the level of welfare.However,while Ch...Public services provide convenient conditions for urban residents to study,work and live,and have important significance for improving the life quality of residents and improving the level of welfare.However,while China’s spatial economic is heading towards agglomeration development,a large number of cities have shrunk,which has made unbalanced supply of public services between regions increasingly prominent.Based on the existing literature and the development reality,this paper analyzes the impact of urban shrinkage on the public service level from the public service supply mechanism,and discusses the heterogeneous effects of different labor shrinkage on public services.The results of the study show that urban shrinkage will inhibit the improvement of public service level,but inter-governmental competition makes the labor shrinkage of industry and service industry promote the improvement of public service level.In addition,this paper takes economic development level as a moderating variable to study the moderating effect of economic development level in the impact of urban shrinkage on public service levels.It is found that the reduction of economic development level will promote government competition and provide more public services.展开更多
Urban shrinkage is the process of population loss,industrial and functional decline,and eco-environmental deterioration due to various natural and human factors that occur once a city’s development reaches a certain ...Urban shrinkage is the process of population loss,industrial and functional decline,and eco-environmental deterioration due to various natural and human factors that occur once a city’s development reaches a certain point.It is an external manifestation of positive or negative changes in an urban economy,society,culture,resource use,and sustainability.Urban shrinkage is a new feature of global urbanization as well as a frontier of international and Chinese research.It has attracted widespread attention from academics in China and overseas,becoming an emerging trend that has spread from developed countries to underdeveloped ones.Research on and responses to urban shrinkage have also become new tasks of China’s new urbanization strategy.Our review of the existing literature reveals that there are significant temporal and spatial differences in research by Chinese and overseas scholars on urban shrinkage.Urban shrinkage studies have paid scant attention to interactions with the eco-environment,with analyses of urban shrinkage mechanisms and factors largely focusing on economic and social development factors;and urban shrinkage index analyses have tended not to include eco-environmental quality and environmental pollution indicators.The key tasks for future urban shrinkage research include the following:to conduct in-depth research on the mechanisms and driving factors of urban shrinkage to reveal the essence of urban shrinkage;to discover the principles behind interactions between urban shrinkage and the eco-environment,as well as to analyze the eco-environmental effects of urban shrinkage;to construct an index system for evaluating the extent,monitoring and providing warnings of,and containing urban shrinkage;and to research urban shrinkage coping strategies under different circumstances and carry out experiments and demonstrations according to local conditions.展开更多
Urban shrinkage is a global phenomenon,and it will coexist with urban growth for many years.At the same time,the network connection between cities continuously improved due to the construction of the transportation an...Urban shrinkage is a global phenomenon,and it will coexist with urban growth for many years.At the same time,the network connection between cities continuously improved due to the construction of the transportation and information networks.However,the relationship between urban network externalities and urban population growth/shrinkage remains unclear.Therefore,based on high-speed railway(HSR)flow data,a spatial econometric model is used to explore the mechanism behind urban population growth and shrinkage from the perspective of network externalities in China.The results indicate that:1)the urban network experiences a certain clubbing effect.Growing cities that are strongly connected are concentrated along China’s main railway lines and the southeastern coastal areas,while shrinking cities that are weakly connected are distributed at the periphery of the network.2)Moreover,the network externality disregards spatial distance and together with the agglomeration externality influences the growth and shrinking of cities.3)Urban economic development still promotes the development of Chinese cities.However,the improvement of the urban economy has a negative cross-regional spillover effect on neighboring cities due to urban competition.4)Lastly,Local spillovers of urban network externalities are positive,while cross-regional ones are negative.Consequently,the government needs to promote the construction of multi-dimensional network connections between cities to promote cities’sustainable development.This study reveals the relationship between urban network externalities and urban development,enriches the theories of network externalities and urban growth/shrinkage,and provides a reference for regional coordinated development.展开更多
Resource-dependent cities(RCs)are a vulnerable group of urban settlements that often face population shrinkage;however,population changes in RCs in China are not well understood.This study offers new insight into this...Resource-dependent cities(RCs)are a vulnerable group of urban settlements that often face population shrinkage;however,population changes in RCs in China are not well understood.This study offers new insight into this matter through a robust analysis that features a longer time scale,a larger sample of RCs,and a finer unit of analysis.It finds new evidence that problems of population shrinkage in RCs are more serious than previous literature has suggested.Approximately 30%of the studied units have experienced either long-term or short-term population shrinkage,and many more are experiencing a slowing down of population growth.Problems are especially common among three types of RCs:the resource-depleted RCs,the forestry-based RCs,and RCs in Northeast China.These results underscore transition policy inadequacies in addressing population loss,and call for a more comprehensive and diversified population policy that tackles the multifaceted factors that contribute to population shrinkage,including lack of industrial support,maladjustment to market oriented reformation,poor urban environment and natural population decline.展开更多
With the transformation of China’s industry and demographic structure,urban shrinkage,especially the resource-based cities due to their single industrial structure,tend to emerge gradually.Using empirical and quantit...With the transformation of China’s industry and demographic structure,urban shrinkage,especially the resource-based cities due to their single industrial structure,tend to emerge gradually.Using empirical and quantitative methods,this paper explores the evolution mechanism of urban shrinkage in Hegang,a resource-based city in China.Our findings suggest that there are many correlations or cyclic relationships among variables,which provide an empirical confirmation for the complexity of urban shrinkage process.The result shows there is a time delay of about four to five years between the mining industry and the changes of demographic profile,economic performance and built environment variables.The development of Hegang has formed a path dependence on resource-based industries.Furthermore,the time lags between demographic profile and economic performance variables are not obvious,and the real estate market has a certain sensitivity to perceive population loss and economic change.Besides,market led public service facilities are more sensitive to the changes of population outflow and economic recession than government led public service facilities.The study findings could offer insights for other resource-based cities in developing countries to employ on the economic development policies issues.展开更多
Urban shrinkage is becoming an increasingly common phenomenon in China.The research focus has been the identification,origin,and pattern of shrinking cities.Nevertheless,attention has also been paid to the problems as...Urban shrinkage is becoming an increasingly common phenomenon in China.The research focus has been the identification,origin,and pattern of shrinking cities.Nevertheless,attention has also been paid to the problems associated with urban shrinkage.The present study examines one typical shrinking city in China,specifically the Yichun District in Yichun City.To explore the matching relationship between residential and commercial spaces,this study analyzes supply and demand data,electricity consumption data and multi-source points of interest(POI)of residents.The results showed that the occupancy rate is not reduced in the context of urban shrinkage,and that the supply level of various commercial facilities is not in decline.Apart from leisure and entertainment facilities,the supply levels of catering,shopping and supporting facilities for life were noted to have improved.In reference to urban shrinkage,the matching relationship between residential and commercial space in the 5-min,10-min,and 15-min living circles mainly shifted to a highlevel equilibrium.The matching relationships between residential space and different types of commercial spaces change in both direction and magnitude.From the perspective of supply and demand,the spatial and temporal changes in the relationship relate to multiple factors,such as the level of economic development,the buiding age pattern,public transportation accessibility,aging,and residents’willingness to move.This study provides relevant data for managing urban shrinkage.It also helps improve the relationships between residential and commercial spaces and works to optimize the layout and structure of functional urban spaces.展开更多
Urban shrinkage has attracted the attention of many geographers and urban planners in recent years.However,there are fewer studies on vacant housing in shrinking cities.Therefore,this study combines multi-source remot...Urban shrinkage has attracted the attention of many geographers and urban planners in recent years.However,there are fewer studies on vacant housing in shrinking cities.Therefore,this study combines multi-source remote sensing images and urban building data to assess the spatiotemporal variation patterns of housing vacancy in a typical shrinking city in China.The following points were obtained:(1)We developed an evaluation model to identify vacant residential buildings in shrinking cities by removing the contribution of nighttime lights from roads and non-residential buildings;(2)The residential building vacancy rate in Fushun city significantly increased from 2013 to 2020,resulting in a significant high-value clustering effect.The impact of urban shrinkage on vacant residential buildings was higher than that on vacant non-residential buildings;(3)The World Pop population data demonstrated consistent spatial distribution and trend of population change in Fushun with the residential building vacancy rate results,suggesting good reliability of the constructed evaluation model in this study.Identifying housing vacancies can help the local government to raise awareness of the housing vacancy problem in shrinking cities and to propose reasonable renewal strategies.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42071219,42171198)。
文摘The effect of urban shrinkage has gradually become a new topic.Theoretically,urban shrinkage may exert great influence on land use efficiency(LUE)through various urban subsystems,but there is currently limited research examining these pathways.Using the Super-SBM-Undesirable model and the Structural Equation Model(SEM),this study calculates the LUE of shrinking cities in Northeast China and simulates the process of urban shrinkage affecting LUE.To quantify the process of urban shrinkage affecting LUE,three mediation variables,namely the economy,public services,and innovation,are used as latent variables to apply SEM.The results show that urban shrinkage will affect LUE through a direct path and indirect paths.In the direct path,urban shrinkage leads to an improvement in LUE.In the indirect paths,the economy and innovation will transmit the negative effect of urban shrinkage on LUE,while public services will reverse this effect.An important contribution of this study is that it quantifies the paths of urban shrinkage affecting LUE,thereby expanding the understanding of urban shrinkage effect and laying a foundation for the sustainable development of shrinking cities.
基金National Social Science Fund Project(22BZ039)Henan Province Science and Technology Tackling Key Problems Soft Science Project(222400410186)。
文摘This paper examines national urban agglomerations by taking factor flows as the focal point as the research subject.By dividing the stages of urban agglomeration development,a comprehensive framework of urban shrinkage is constructed,encompassing economic,population,and social shrinkage.The study explores the spatial distribution characteristics of urban shrinkage during different stages of urban agglomeration and investigates the influencing factors using a geographic detector model.The findings reveal that urban shrinkage within urban agglomerations is widely spread,predominantly in peripheral areas.During the diffusion stage,urban shrinkage is scattered,with population shrinkage concentrated in peripheral regions,economic shrinkage concentrated on old industrial cities,and social shrinkage concentrated on the northeast.The outcomes of the geographic detector model indicate that traffic flow,capital flow,information flow,node importance,network connectivity,government investment,openness,and environmental regulations all play significant roles in shaping the spatial distribution of urban shrinkage.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.71804021)。
文摘Public services provide convenient conditions for urban residents to study,work and live,and have important significance for improving the life quality of residents and improving the level of welfare.However,while China’s spatial economic is heading towards agglomeration development,a large number of cities have shrunk,which has made unbalanced supply of public services between regions increasingly prominent.Based on the existing literature and the development reality,this paper analyzes the impact of urban shrinkage on the public service level from the public service supply mechanism,and discusses the heterogeneous effects of different labor shrinkage on public services.The results of the study show that urban shrinkage will inhibit the improvement of public service level,but inter-governmental competition makes the labor shrinkage of industry and service industry promote the improvement of public service level.In addition,this paper takes economic development level as a moderating variable to study the moderating effect of economic development level in the impact of urban shrinkage on public service levels.It is found that the reduction of economic development level will promote government competition and provide more public services.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Innovative Research Group Project,No.42121001
文摘Urban shrinkage is the process of population loss,industrial and functional decline,and eco-environmental deterioration due to various natural and human factors that occur once a city’s development reaches a certain point.It is an external manifestation of positive or negative changes in an urban economy,society,culture,resource use,and sustainability.Urban shrinkage is a new feature of global urbanization as well as a frontier of international and Chinese research.It has attracted widespread attention from academics in China and overseas,becoming an emerging trend that has spread from developed countries to underdeveloped ones.Research on and responses to urban shrinkage have also become new tasks of China’s new urbanization strategy.Our review of the existing literature reveals that there are significant temporal and spatial differences in research by Chinese and overseas scholars on urban shrinkage.Urban shrinkage studies have paid scant attention to interactions with the eco-environment,with analyses of urban shrinkage mechanisms and factors largely focusing on economic and social development factors;and urban shrinkage index analyses have tended not to include eco-environmental quality and environmental pollution indicators.The key tasks for future urban shrinkage research include the following:to conduct in-depth research on the mechanisms and driving factors of urban shrinkage to reveal the essence of urban shrinkage;to discover the principles behind interactions between urban shrinkage and the eco-environment,as well as to analyze the eco-environmental effects of urban shrinkage;to construct an index system for evaluating the extent,monitoring and providing warnings of,and containing urban shrinkage;and to research urban shrinkage coping strategies under different circumstances and carry out experiments and demonstrations according to local conditions.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41971167)Fundamental Scientific Research Funds of Central China Normal University (No.CCNU22JC0262022CXZZ005)。
文摘Urban shrinkage is a global phenomenon,and it will coexist with urban growth for many years.At the same time,the network connection between cities continuously improved due to the construction of the transportation and information networks.However,the relationship between urban network externalities and urban population growth/shrinkage remains unclear.Therefore,based on high-speed railway(HSR)flow data,a spatial econometric model is used to explore the mechanism behind urban population growth and shrinkage from the perspective of network externalities in China.The results indicate that:1)the urban network experiences a certain clubbing effect.Growing cities that are strongly connected are concentrated along China’s main railway lines and the southeastern coastal areas,while shrinking cities that are weakly connected are distributed at the periphery of the network.2)Moreover,the network externality disregards spatial distance and together with the agglomeration externality influences the growth and shrinking of cities.3)Urban economic development still promotes the development of Chinese cities.However,the improvement of the urban economy has a negative cross-regional spillover effect on neighboring cities due to urban competition.4)Lastly,Local spillovers of urban network externalities are positive,while cross-regional ones are negative.Consequently,the government needs to promote the construction of multi-dimensional network connections between cities to promote cities’sustainable development.This study reveals the relationship between urban network externalities and urban development,enriches the theories of network externalities and urban growth/shrinkage,and provides a reference for regional coordinated development.
基金Under the auspices of Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ZDRW-ZS-2017-4-3-4)National Science and Technology Basic Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2017FY101303-1)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41001097,41571152)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC1807249)
文摘Resource-dependent cities(RCs)are a vulnerable group of urban settlements that often face population shrinkage;however,population changes in RCs in China are not well understood.This study offers new insight into this matter through a robust analysis that features a longer time scale,a larger sample of RCs,and a finer unit of analysis.It finds new evidence that problems of population shrinkage in RCs are more serious than previous literature has suggested.Approximately 30%of the studied units have experienced either long-term or short-term population shrinkage,and many more are experiencing a slowing down of population growth.Problems are especially common among three types of RCs:the resource-depleted RCs,the forestry-based RCs,and RCs in Northeast China.These results underscore transition policy inadequacies in addressing population loss,and call for a more comprehensive and diversified population policy that tackles the multifaceted factors that contribute to population shrinkage,including lack of industrial support,maladjustment to market oriented reformation,poor urban environment and natural population decline.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42171216,71703001,41671161)the Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation(No.171077)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Capital University of Economics and Business(No.QNTD202009)。
文摘With the transformation of China’s industry and demographic structure,urban shrinkage,especially the resource-based cities due to their single industrial structure,tend to emerge gradually.Using empirical and quantitative methods,this paper explores the evolution mechanism of urban shrinkage in Hegang,a resource-based city in China.Our findings suggest that there are many correlations or cyclic relationships among variables,which provide an empirical confirmation for the complexity of urban shrinkage process.The result shows there is a time delay of about four to five years between the mining industry and the changes of demographic profile,economic performance and built environment variables.The development of Hegang has formed a path dependence on resource-based industries.Furthermore,the time lags between demographic profile and economic performance variables are not obvious,and the real estate market has a certain sensitivity to perceive population loss and economic change.Besides,market led public service facilities are more sensitive to the changes of population outflow and economic recession than government led public service facilities.The study findings could offer insights for other resource-based cities in developing countries to employ on the economic development policies issues.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42171191,41771172)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M641760)Education Department of Jilin Province(No.JJKH20201173KJ)。
文摘Urban shrinkage is becoming an increasingly common phenomenon in China.The research focus has been the identification,origin,and pattern of shrinking cities.Nevertheless,attention has also been paid to the problems associated with urban shrinkage.The present study examines one typical shrinking city in China,specifically the Yichun District in Yichun City.To explore the matching relationship between residential and commercial spaces,this study analyzes supply and demand data,electricity consumption data and multi-source points of interest(POI)of residents.The results showed that the occupancy rate is not reduced in the context of urban shrinkage,and that the supply level of various commercial facilities is not in decline.Apart from leisure and entertainment facilities,the supply levels of catering,shopping and supporting facilities for life were noted to have improved.In reference to urban shrinkage,the matching relationship between residential and commercial space in the 5-min,10-min,and 15-min living circles mainly shifted to a highlevel equilibrium.The matching relationships between residential space and different types of commercial spaces change in both direction and magnitude.From the perspective of supply and demand,the spatial and temporal changes in the relationship relate to multiple factors,such as the level of economic development,the buiding age pattern,public transportation accessibility,aging,and residents’willingness to move.This study provides relevant data for managing urban shrinkage.It also helps improve the relationships between residential and commercial spaces and works to optimize the layout and structure of functional urban spaces.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42171191,No.42201211,No.41771172Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Province,China,No.20220508025RCChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation No.2018M641760。
文摘Urban shrinkage has attracted the attention of many geographers and urban planners in recent years.However,there are fewer studies on vacant housing in shrinking cities.Therefore,this study combines multi-source remote sensing images and urban building data to assess the spatiotemporal variation patterns of housing vacancy in a typical shrinking city in China.The following points were obtained:(1)We developed an evaluation model to identify vacant residential buildings in shrinking cities by removing the contribution of nighttime lights from roads and non-residential buildings;(2)The residential building vacancy rate in Fushun city significantly increased from 2013 to 2020,resulting in a significant high-value clustering effect.The impact of urban shrinkage on vacant residential buildings was higher than that on vacant non-residential buildings;(3)The World Pop population data demonstrated consistent spatial distribution and trend of population change in Fushun with the residential building vacancy rate results,suggesting good reliability of the constructed evaluation model in this study.Identifying housing vacancies can help the local government to raise awareness of the housing vacancy problem in shrinking cities and to propose reasonable renewal strategies.
