Afforestation has been observed as a green trend in urban areas. The incorporation of trees in urban infrastructure is highly recommended to act as a solution to outlined environmental problems such as global warming....Afforestation has been observed as a green trend in urban areas. The incorporation of trees in urban infrastructure is highly recommended to act as a solution to outlined environmental problems such as global warming. However, it has been precipitously introduced in cities, towns, and metropolitans. The introduction of the green practice was so abrupt that it became devoid to meeting the essential needs for tree growth, thus, failing to bring out the desired effects. Inappropriately selecting and planting trees in urban spaces has resulted in stressed trees that are deficient at reaching up to the calculated goals and in the long run end up being problematic. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the implications of planting southern live oak (Quercus virginiana) trees in the wrong urban space so as to aid in recommending sustainable green solutions for the urban community. By studying southern live oaks planted in Howell Community Park and three randomly selected areas in Southern University Baton Rouge Campus, this study analyzes how the selection of these tree species in the urban spaces influenced their growth and general well-being. These urban spaces were randomly drafted based on accessibility and availability of several southern live oaks. Planting approaches in the four study areas were explored and the general health condition of the trees was determined using the tree appraisal method presented by the i-tree model: my tree. ArcGIS collector was used to collect the GPS coordinates of the trees and ArcMap was used to generate the maps of the study areas. ArcMap software geolocated the coordinates of the southern live oaks in all the four-study areas. The software was used to generate shapefiles of the four study areas and their location in East Baton Rouge. The analysis of the results proved that none of the southern live oaks had an excellent health condition and most of the trees experienced different issues due to planting them in the wrong urban spaces.展开更多
The wind and snow environment outside the planned space plays a key role in the comfort and safety of the human habitat in severe cold regions. Traditional studies of the external environment of human settlements, how...The wind and snow environment outside the planned space plays a key role in the comfort and safety of the human habitat in severe cold regions. Traditional studies of the external environment of human settlements, however, frequently overlook the combined impacts of wind and snow environments. Furthermore, in urban meteorological studies, it is impossible to accurately assess the wind and snow environment in specific areas or locations. In this study, a refined Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) multiphase flow numerical method was used to simulate a planning space's wind and snow environment. The study classified the Snowstorm Weather Grade(SWG) by incorporating the Snowstorm Weather Index(SWI) to generate calculation results of the wind environment and snow environment. In particular, 150 measurement points in the planning space were chosen for analysis and evaluation of their wind and snow environments. The results demonstrated that the SWI index can effectively correlate to the wind and snow environment calculation results. In addition, the graph of SWI showed that 55% of the measurement points had a moderate wind and snow grade SWI, which exceeds the average grade for the entire region. The practical application shows that the wind and snow environment assessment indexes and technical methods developed in this paper can be successfully applied to wind and snow environment studies in other cold cities.展开更多
Under the background of stereotyped urban planning and construction and the pursuit of high land value,it is particularly important to explore the application of urban environmental characteristics in urban design and...Under the background of stereotyped urban planning and construction and the pursuit of high land value,it is particularly important to explore the application of urban environmental characteristics in urban design and highlight the integration of local characteristics and people’s life.In this paper,based on the origin of Fengshui theory and the planning points of an ideal Fengshui pattern,the planning and design of Shengming Kangyuan Area in Liyang were studied to explore the positive influence of Fengshui theory in the construction of urban space,and some planning suggestions were put forward to improve the urban environment and achieve harmony and unity between man and the natural environment.展开更多
Urban space expansion is the result of the interaction between internal and external forces of the urban. Based on the remote sensing image data of 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, and the social and economic development d...Urban space expansion is the result of the interaction between internal and external forces of the urban. Based on the remote sensing image data of 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, and the social and economic development data, this paper analyzes the driving mechanism of the Luoyang space expansion characteristics and its correlation characteristics. By using urban land use efficiency index, urban expansion elastic index;urban allometric growth index, and grey correlation analysis in 4 times sections and 3 periods. The research results show that the urban space expansion of Luoyang mainly comes from the needs and support of economic development, the coordination between urban space expansion and population development is poor, and urban space expansion effectively attracts the inflow of external funds, and the settlement of migrants, drives the development of the tertiary industry, and increases the local revenue.展开更多
In this paper, a new method based on the space syntax is presented to optimize the urban space configuration. Space syntax theory is used to detect systematically whether one urban space configuration is optimal or no...In this paper, a new method based on the space syntax is presented to optimize the urban space configuration. Space syntax theory is used to detect systematically whether one urban space configuration is optimal or not from four aspects including traffic space, cognition space, land use space and culture space. After introducing the computational and cognitive aspects of space syntax for the research of urban space, a framework of urban space optimization based on space syntax is proposed, then the integration with GIS and the extension to third dimension are discussed. Finally, a case study for Kanmen town of Zhejiang province of P.R.China is illustrated by using Axwoman tool.展开更多
The characteristics of urban space expansion reflect the changes of urban space layout and space structure, as well as the urban developing direction and urban orientation in the future. Based on the remote sensing im...The characteristics of urban space expansion reflect the changes of urban space layout and space structure, as well as the urban developing direction and urban orientation in the future. Based on the remote sensing image data of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020, this paper analyzes the urban space expansion characteristics of Luoyang, by using the urban land compaction index, expansion intensity index and centroid distribution in 4 time sections and 3 periods. The results show that: 1) the urban land area of Luoyang has expanded rapidly, the urban planning policy has successfully guided the urban expansion. 2) In the first period, the urban expansion belongs to the rapid expansion type, mainly filling the built-up area and natural expansion to outward;the second period is of high-speed expansion type, the urban expansion mainly enlarges the urban framework, then fills the expanded district, and the influence of urban natural growth factor is very small;the third period belongs to the high-speed expansion type, and the expansion rate is significantly lower than that in the second period, the urban expansion is mainly to fill in the urban framework enlarged in the previous period<span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> and</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> continue to enlarge the urban framework, and the influence of urban natural growth factor is very little. 3)</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The urban land centroid gradually migrates to the southeast with the azimuth of 151.47</span></span></span>°<span "="">, the annual migration distance is of 138.29</span><span "=""> </span><span "="">m. The migration rate in the second period is the fastest, which is about 7.43 times that of the first period, and 2.70 times that of the third period. In the first period, the urban land is mainly expanded to southward, with the main azimuth of 201.13<span style="white-space:normal;">°</span>. Compared with the urban land centroid in 2000, the urban land in the second period mainly expands to east-southeast and southward along the azimuths of 141.92<span style="white-space:normal;">°</span> and 154.17<span style="white-space:normal;">°</span> respectively. Compared with the urban centroid in 2010, the urban land in the third period mainly expands in the orientations of southeast and eastward along the azimuth of 96.24<span style="white-space:normal;">°</span> and 133.45<span style="white-space:normal;">°</span>.</span>展开更多
With the city development and construction, ecological corridor has become one of the most attractive areas in urban districts. Ecological corridor has produced not only ecological benefits, but also economic benefits...With the city development and construction, ecological corridor has become one of the most attractive areas in urban districts. Ecological corridor has produced not only ecological benefits, but also economic benefits and social benefits, especially banded ecological park. By analyzing the impact of Fen River Park on leisure space, living space, communication space, commercial space of Taiyuan, and expounding shortcomings of constructing Fen River Ecological Corridor, countermeasures and suggestions were put forward.展开更多
Urbanisation is the key factor underpinning and catalysing changes in food systems, environmental quality, climate change and agriculture livelihoods in the overall urban ecosystem setting and its sustainability. The ...Urbanisation is the key factor underpinning and catalysing changes in food systems, environmental quality, climate change and agriculture livelihoods in the overall urban ecosystem setting and its sustainability. The paper explores Dar es Salaam, a rapidly expanding city in Sub-Saharan Africa, and shows that urban agriculture provides urban ecosystem services and contributes to environmental sustainability. The interconnections of environmental justice, urban ecosystem services and climate change and variability found eminent feature that influence land governance, productivity and aesthetic value of the city. The study reaffirms the pivotal role urban agriculture which plays to enhance community health services and access to resources, with important implications on urban environmental sustainability and redistributive spatial land use planning policies and practices. The process of urbanisation, forms of urban agriculture and government strategies for enhanced urban food systems in the city economy have been highlighted. Equally, the process triggers the transformation of settlements from rural in character to modernity with an augmented land use conflicts. The results suggests that with increasing population, a clear spatial land use planning and management strategy is required to overcome the challenges and enhanced food systems and urban environmental sustainability in rapidly urbanizing cities like Dar es Salaam in Sub-Saharan Africa.展开更多
Proper architectural design and appropriate usage of technology compatible with the environment in parts of a city which is called urban spaces, spaces such as parks, squares, sidewalks, shopping malls, leave a great ...Proper architectural design and appropriate usage of technology compatible with the environment in parts of a city which is called urban spaces, spaces such as parks, squares, sidewalks, shopping malls, leave a great impact on the quality of the urban life. Architectural design itself is born from technology;it means that, architecture is tied with science and technology, and is in direct contact with them. Technological innovations are one of the most important forces affecting the architectural changes. Nowadays, technological innovations are recognized as important and effective powers in development of sustainable environmental design. Today societies are constantly changing in terms of social, economic, political and technological alterations. Change is inevitable, and like all aspects of contemporary life, architecture should similarly offer an appropriate response to such changes for remaining sustainable, useful and appropriate. Architecture should also have a suitable response to laws and regulations of recent issues like safety, environment and energy conservation, and even personal security in architectural space. The purpose of this paper is, primarily an exploration of the concept of “urban space”, and in the second stage, it plans to review the fundamentals and impacts of using technology in urban spaces. The research method is descriptive-analytic and library research method is used for data collecting.展开更多
In 21st?century, media become the most important factor affecting the development of urban cities, including public places. As a result of the digital revolution, re-imaging and re-linkage public places by media are e...In 21st?century, media become the most important factor affecting the development of urban cities, including public places. As a result of the digital revolution, re-imaging and re-linkage public places by media are essential to create more interactions between public spaces and users, interaction media display, and urban screens, one of the most important defined media. This interaction can transform the urban space from being neglected to be more interactive space with users, specially the pedestrians. This paper aims to identify the effects of these new digital factors to transform public spaces, and the influences of large media display on the interaction between urban spaces and pedestrians. The paper focuses on Al-Thaqafa Street as one of the neglected spaces in Amman city, and attempts to analyse this street, explains its problems, and studies the influence of these new digital factors on its transformation, to be more active and vital by pedestrians.展开更多
From a strategic perspective,the paper presents a forward-looking thinking supported by interdisciplinary of modern logistics,estuary and coast,environment and ecology,economic management and mathematical statistics. ...From a strategic perspective,the paper presents a forward-looking thinking supported by interdisciplinary of modern logistics,estuary and coast,environment and ecology,economic management and mathematical statistics. It leads to a reasonable solution to space expansion by reclamation. Construction of new deepwater terminal is the best usage of land resources and can strengthen the status of Shanghai as an international shipping center,thus support the preparation and strategic decision of future urban development of Shanghai.展开更多
Urban expansion brought by the rapid progress of urbanization has caused many problems in China. It is a significant issue to evaluate the extent of urban expansion and to make appropriate controls over the sprawl of ...Urban expansion brought by the rapid progress of urbanization has caused many problems in China. It is a significant issue to evaluate the extent of urban expansion and to make appropriate controls over the sprawl of urban areas. With a comparative study of international experiences, this article analyzed the mechanism and consequences of urban expansion, reviewed the typical planning and financial policies adopted by other countries for controlling urban sprawl, and discussed the suitable densities of urban areas. The analysis results suggested that Chinese cities have no better choice but compact urban forms. To achieve the goal of compact development, intensive use of public transportation and high proportion of collective houses should be encouraged, and 60–100 m2 per capita is recommended as the reasonable range of urban density in large cities.展开更多
One of the key current challenges in urban design and planning worldwide is the notion of “scale”, which is important in various levels of decision making for urban spaces such as squares. How “scale” is defined i...One of the key current challenges in urban design and planning worldwide is the notion of “scale”, which is important in various levels of decision making for urban spaces such as squares. How “scale” is defined in the field of design and planning will lead to divergent approaches towards urban spaces, such as adaptation, obeying, alteration, and neglect. In order to create successful urban spaces with suitable scales that respond to users’ expectations, it is necessary to minimize the gap between the subjectivity and objectivity, and to this end, this paper studies the chronological process of such changes in Tehran and their impact on the design of one type of space: the urban square. Furthermore, this paper aims to identify if and how the subjectivity and objectivity of squares in Tehran have been changed as a result of chronological phases of transformation, particularly since the foundation of the city in 1524. The findings reveal how aspects of the city’s squares are disappearing, but need to be revived to achieve socio-cultural sustainability. The main methods applied include a review of the related literature, an appropriate analysis, and direct observation.展开更多
According to the United Nations, the world will need to build new cities and/or expand existing cities to accommodate about 1.6 billion additional urban residents by 2030. This rapid trend is the result of many comple...According to the United Nations, the world will need to build new cities and/or expand existing cities to accommodate about 1.6 billion additional urban residents by 2030. This rapid trend is the result of many complex socio-economic and political factors, and poses unprecedented challenges to the functioning of cities and the quality of life for urban dwellers. The resources needed for accommodating new urban dwellers will be enormous. Can emerging information, communication and ubiquitous access technologies help us to achieve a sustainable global urban system in a ubiquitous technology space, mitigating the consumption of scarce resources?展开更多
In the process of rapid development of urbanization and constant adjustment of urban space,urban characteristics are faced with many challenges.Taking Taiping Bay wharf area of Yantai City as an example,the paper sort...In the process of rapid development of urbanization and constant adjustment of urban space,urban characteristics are faced with many challenges.Taking Taiping Bay wharf area of Yantai City as an example,the paper sorts out the spatial construction problems from the aspects of historical development,urban texture and cultural characteristics by exploring the research process and methods of regional urban design,and put forward optimization strategies from the perspectives of urban structure optimization,street image design,industrial building transformation and cultural space establishment based on the characteristic resources of the area,thus providing experiences for future regional urban design.展开更多
The present study has evaluated the effect of architectural forms on the walking activity of citizens as a behavioral model in urban physical spaces.The research hypothesis claims that by designing purposeful and appr...The present study has evaluated the effect of architectural forms on the walking activity of citizens as a behavioral model in urban physical spaces.The research hypothesis claims that by designing purposeful and appropriate architectural forms,the behavior and actions of users in urban physical spaces can be to some extent,it designed or controlled,and that the pattern and domains of human behavior in urban streets are the result of the components of environmental quality that are included in the design of that street.The present theoretical proposition has been tested in two sequences from Valiasr Street in Tehran.At the theoretical level,the research method is descriptive-analytical and at the experimental level,it is a survey that has been done using the behavioral research method.The results show that the floor form and street form are the most influential architectural forms in urban physical spaces on the activity of users walking from space in the study sample.Also,some environmental factors have a direct effect on human reactions;The research findings show that people’s speed is directly related to the dimensions of sidewalk carpets and a person tries to take a step according to the senses he receives from the sidewalk flooring form and as a result his speed changes according to those forms.展开更多
文摘Afforestation has been observed as a green trend in urban areas. The incorporation of trees in urban infrastructure is highly recommended to act as a solution to outlined environmental problems such as global warming. However, it has been precipitously introduced in cities, towns, and metropolitans. The introduction of the green practice was so abrupt that it became devoid to meeting the essential needs for tree growth, thus, failing to bring out the desired effects. Inappropriately selecting and planting trees in urban spaces has resulted in stressed trees that are deficient at reaching up to the calculated goals and in the long run end up being problematic. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the implications of planting southern live oak (Quercus virginiana) trees in the wrong urban space so as to aid in recommending sustainable green solutions for the urban community. By studying southern live oaks planted in Howell Community Park and three randomly selected areas in Southern University Baton Rouge Campus, this study analyzes how the selection of these tree species in the urban spaces influenced their growth and general well-being. These urban spaces were randomly drafted based on accessibility and availability of several southern live oaks. Planting approaches in the four study areas were explored and the general health condition of the trees was determined using the tree appraisal method presented by the i-tree model: my tree. ArcGIS collector was used to collect the GPS coordinates of the trees and ArcMap was used to generate the maps of the study areas. ArcMap software geolocated the coordinates of the southern live oaks in all the four-study areas. The software was used to generate shapefiles of the four study areas and their location in East Baton Rouge. The analysis of the results proved that none of the southern live oaks had an excellent health condition and most of the trees experienced different issues due to planting them in the wrong urban spaces.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51708151)。
文摘The wind and snow environment outside the planned space plays a key role in the comfort and safety of the human habitat in severe cold regions. Traditional studies of the external environment of human settlements, however, frequently overlook the combined impacts of wind and snow environments. Furthermore, in urban meteorological studies, it is impossible to accurately assess the wind and snow environment in specific areas or locations. In this study, a refined Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) multiphase flow numerical method was used to simulate a planning space's wind and snow environment. The study classified the Snowstorm Weather Grade(SWG) by incorporating the Snowstorm Weather Index(SWI) to generate calculation results of the wind environment and snow environment. In particular, 150 measurement points in the planning space were chosen for analysis and evaluation of their wind and snow environments. The results demonstrated that the SWI index can effectively correlate to the wind and snow environment calculation results. In addition, the graph of SWI showed that 55% of the measurement points had a moderate wind and snow grade SWI, which exceeds the average grade for the entire region. The practical application shows that the wind and snow environment assessment indexes and technical methods developed in this paper can be successfully applied to wind and snow environment studies in other cold cities.
文摘Under the background of stereotyped urban planning and construction and the pursuit of high land value,it is particularly important to explore the application of urban environmental characteristics in urban design and highlight the integration of local characteristics and people’s life.In this paper,based on the origin of Fengshui theory and the planning points of an ideal Fengshui pattern,the planning and design of Shengming Kangyuan Area in Liyang were studied to explore the positive influence of Fengshui theory in the construction of urban space,and some planning suggestions were put forward to improve the urban environment and achieve harmony and unity between man and the natural environment.
文摘Urban space expansion is the result of the interaction between internal and external forces of the urban. Based on the remote sensing image data of 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020, and the social and economic development data, this paper analyzes the driving mechanism of the Luoyang space expansion characteristics and its correlation characteristics. By using urban land use efficiency index, urban expansion elastic index;urban allometric growth index, and grey correlation analysis in 4 times sections and 3 periods. The research results show that the urban space expansion of Luoyang mainly comes from the needs and support of economic development, the coordination between urban space expansion and population development is poor, and urban space expansion effectively attracts the inflow of external funds, and the settlement of migrants, drives the development of the tertiary industry, and increases the local revenue.
文摘In this paper, a new method based on the space syntax is presented to optimize the urban space configuration. Space syntax theory is used to detect systematically whether one urban space configuration is optimal or not from four aspects including traffic space, cognition space, land use space and culture space. After introducing the computational and cognitive aspects of space syntax for the research of urban space, a framework of urban space optimization based on space syntax is proposed, then the integration with GIS and the extension to third dimension are discussed. Finally, a case study for Kanmen town of Zhejiang province of P.R.China is illustrated by using Axwoman tool.
文摘The characteristics of urban space expansion reflect the changes of urban space layout and space structure, as well as the urban developing direction and urban orientation in the future. Based on the remote sensing image data of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020, this paper analyzes the urban space expansion characteristics of Luoyang, by using the urban land compaction index, expansion intensity index and centroid distribution in 4 time sections and 3 periods. The results show that: 1) the urban land area of Luoyang has expanded rapidly, the urban planning policy has successfully guided the urban expansion. 2) In the first period, the urban expansion belongs to the rapid expansion type, mainly filling the built-up area and natural expansion to outward;the second period is of high-speed expansion type, the urban expansion mainly enlarges the urban framework, then fills the expanded district, and the influence of urban natural growth factor is very small;the third period belongs to the high-speed expansion type, and the expansion rate is significantly lower than that in the second period, the urban expansion is mainly to fill in the urban framework enlarged in the previous period<span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> and</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> continue to enlarge the urban framework, and the influence of urban natural growth factor is very little. 3)</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The urban land centroid gradually migrates to the southeast with the azimuth of 151.47</span></span></span>°<span "="">, the annual migration distance is of 138.29</span><span "=""> </span><span "="">m. The migration rate in the second period is the fastest, which is about 7.43 times that of the first period, and 2.70 times that of the third period. In the first period, the urban land is mainly expanded to southward, with the main azimuth of 201.13<span style="white-space:normal;">°</span>. Compared with the urban land centroid in 2000, the urban land in the second period mainly expands to east-southeast and southward along the azimuths of 141.92<span style="white-space:normal;">°</span> and 154.17<span style="white-space:normal;">°</span> respectively. Compared with the urban centroid in 2010, the urban land in the third period mainly expands in the orientations of southeast and eastward along the azimuth of 96.24<span style="white-space:normal;">°</span> and 133.45<span style="white-space:normal;">°</span>.</span>
文摘With the city development and construction, ecological corridor has become one of the most attractive areas in urban districts. Ecological corridor has produced not only ecological benefits, but also economic benefits and social benefits, especially banded ecological park. By analyzing the impact of Fen River Park on leisure space, living space, communication space, commercial space of Taiyuan, and expounding shortcomings of constructing Fen River Ecological Corridor, countermeasures and suggestions were put forward.
文摘Urbanisation is the key factor underpinning and catalysing changes in food systems, environmental quality, climate change and agriculture livelihoods in the overall urban ecosystem setting and its sustainability. The paper explores Dar es Salaam, a rapidly expanding city in Sub-Saharan Africa, and shows that urban agriculture provides urban ecosystem services and contributes to environmental sustainability. The interconnections of environmental justice, urban ecosystem services and climate change and variability found eminent feature that influence land governance, productivity and aesthetic value of the city. The study reaffirms the pivotal role urban agriculture which plays to enhance community health services and access to resources, with important implications on urban environmental sustainability and redistributive spatial land use planning policies and practices. The process of urbanisation, forms of urban agriculture and government strategies for enhanced urban food systems in the city economy have been highlighted. Equally, the process triggers the transformation of settlements from rural in character to modernity with an augmented land use conflicts. The results suggests that with increasing population, a clear spatial land use planning and management strategy is required to overcome the challenges and enhanced food systems and urban environmental sustainability in rapidly urbanizing cities like Dar es Salaam in Sub-Saharan Africa.
文摘Proper architectural design and appropriate usage of technology compatible with the environment in parts of a city which is called urban spaces, spaces such as parks, squares, sidewalks, shopping malls, leave a great impact on the quality of the urban life. Architectural design itself is born from technology;it means that, architecture is tied with science and technology, and is in direct contact with them. Technological innovations are one of the most important forces affecting the architectural changes. Nowadays, technological innovations are recognized as important and effective powers in development of sustainable environmental design. Today societies are constantly changing in terms of social, economic, political and technological alterations. Change is inevitable, and like all aspects of contemporary life, architecture should similarly offer an appropriate response to such changes for remaining sustainable, useful and appropriate. Architecture should also have a suitable response to laws and regulations of recent issues like safety, environment and energy conservation, and even personal security in architectural space. The purpose of this paper is, primarily an exploration of the concept of “urban space”, and in the second stage, it plans to review the fundamentals and impacts of using technology in urban spaces. The research method is descriptive-analytic and library research method is used for data collecting.
文摘In 21st?century, media become the most important factor affecting the development of urban cities, including public places. As a result of the digital revolution, re-imaging and re-linkage public places by media are essential to create more interactions between public spaces and users, interaction media display, and urban screens, one of the most important defined media. This interaction can transform the urban space from being neglected to be more interactive space with users, specially the pedestrians. This paper aims to identify the effects of these new digital factors to transform public spaces, and the influences of large media display on the interaction between urban spaces and pedestrians. The paper focuses on Al-Thaqafa Street as one of the neglected spaces in Amman city, and attempts to analyse this street, explains its problems, and studies the influence of these new digital factors on its transformation, to be more active and vital by pedestrians.
基金Shanghai Science and Technology Research Plan(No.13dz1204900)
文摘From a strategic perspective,the paper presents a forward-looking thinking supported by interdisciplinary of modern logistics,estuary and coast,environment and ecology,economic management and mathematical statistics. It leads to a reasonable solution to space expansion by reclamation. Construction of new deepwater terminal is the best usage of land resources and can strengthen the status of Shanghai as an international shipping center,thus support the preparation and strategic decision of future urban development of Shanghai.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 40671063)
文摘Urban expansion brought by the rapid progress of urbanization has caused many problems in China. It is a significant issue to evaluate the extent of urban expansion and to make appropriate controls over the sprawl of urban areas. With a comparative study of international experiences, this article analyzed the mechanism and consequences of urban expansion, reviewed the typical planning and financial policies adopted by other countries for controlling urban sprawl, and discussed the suitable densities of urban areas. The analysis results suggested that Chinese cities have no better choice but compact urban forms. To achieve the goal of compact development, intensive use of public transportation and high proportion of collective houses should be encouraged, and 60–100 m2 per capita is recommended as the reasonable range of urban density in large cities.
文摘One of the key current challenges in urban design and planning worldwide is the notion of “scale”, which is important in various levels of decision making for urban spaces such as squares. How “scale” is defined in the field of design and planning will lead to divergent approaches towards urban spaces, such as adaptation, obeying, alteration, and neglect. In order to create successful urban spaces with suitable scales that respond to users’ expectations, it is necessary to minimize the gap between the subjectivity and objectivity, and to this end, this paper studies the chronological process of such changes in Tehran and their impact on the design of one type of space: the urban square. Furthermore, this paper aims to identify if and how the subjectivity and objectivity of squares in Tehran have been changed as a result of chronological phases of transformation, particularly since the foundation of the city in 1524. The findings reveal how aspects of the city’s squares are disappearing, but need to be revived to achieve socio-cultural sustainability. The main methods applied include a review of the related literature, an appropriate analysis, and direct observation.
文摘According to the United Nations, the world will need to build new cities and/or expand existing cities to accommodate about 1.6 billion additional urban residents by 2030. This rapid trend is the result of many complex socio-economic and political factors, and poses unprecedented challenges to the functioning of cities and the quality of life for urban dwellers. The resources needed for accommodating new urban dwellers will be enormous. Can emerging information, communication and ubiquitous access technologies help us to achieve a sustainable global urban system in a ubiquitous technology space, mitigating the consumption of scarce resources?
基金Sponsored by General Project of Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (8212009)Tip-top Young Talents Training Program of High-level Teacher Team Construction Support Plan in Universities Affiliated to Beijing Municipality in 2019 (CIT&TCD201904010)Key Projects of Science and Technology Winter Olympics of National Key Research and Development Program (2020YFF0304900)。
文摘In the process of rapid development of urbanization and constant adjustment of urban space,urban characteristics are faced with many challenges.Taking Taiping Bay wharf area of Yantai City as an example,the paper sorts out the spatial construction problems from the aspects of historical development,urban texture and cultural characteristics by exploring the research process and methods of regional urban design,and put forward optimization strategies from the perspectives of urban structure optimization,street image design,industrial building transformation and cultural space establishment based on the characteristic resources of the area,thus providing experiences for future regional urban design.
文摘The present study has evaluated the effect of architectural forms on the walking activity of citizens as a behavioral model in urban physical spaces.The research hypothesis claims that by designing purposeful and appropriate architectural forms,the behavior and actions of users in urban physical spaces can be to some extent,it designed or controlled,and that the pattern and domains of human behavior in urban streets are the result of the components of environmental quality that are included in the design of that street.The present theoretical proposition has been tested in two sequences from Valiasr Street in Tehran.At the theoretical level,the research method is descriptive-analytical and at the experimental level,it is a survey that has been done using the behavioral research method.The results show that the floor form and street form are the most influential architectural forms in urban physical spaces on the activity of users walking from space in the study sample.Also,some environmental factors have a direct effect on human reactions;The research findings show that people’s speed is directly related to the dimensions of sidewalk carpets and a person tries to take a step according to the senses he receives from the sidewalk flooring form and as a result his speed changes according to those forms.
