Objective This study explored whether thyroglobulin and thyroid disease prevalence rates were higher in pregnant Chinese women with a median urinary iodine concentration of 100-149μg/L,compared with those with a medi...Objective This study explored whether thyroglobulin and thyroid disease prevalence rates were higher in pregnant Chinese women with a median urinary iodine concentration of 100-149μg/L,compared with those with a median urinary iodine concentration of 150-249μg/L maintained through sustainable universal salt iodization.Methods This was a cross-sectional study in which 812 healthy pregnant women were enrolled to collect samples of their household edible salt,urine,and blood during their routine antenatal care in the18 counties in Fujian Province,China.The levels of salt iodine concentration,urinary iodine concentration(UIC),free triiodothyronine(FT3),free thyroid hormone(FT4),thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH),thyroglobulin(Tg),thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyroglobulin antibody were assessed during the routine antenatal care visits.Results The median UIC(m UIC)in pregnant women was 130.8μg/L(interquartile range=91.5-198.1μg/L)in the counties with an m UIC of 100-149μg/L(Group I),and 172.0μg/L(interquartile range=123.5-244.4μg/L)in the counties with an m UIC of 150-249μg/L(Group II).Goiter prevalence and thyroid nodule detection rates showed no difference between Group I and Group II(P>0.05).Except for FT4 values,the TSH,FT4,FT3,Tg and Tg values>40(μg/L)and the thyroid diseases prevalence rate(TDR)showed no significant differences between Group I and Group II(P>0.05),whether or not iodine supplementation measures were taken.Conclusion Compared with an m UIC of 150-249μg/L,not only there was no difference in thyroid morphology,but also the Tg value,rate of Tg values>40μg/L,and TDR were not higher in pregnant women in the counties with an m UIC of 100-149μg/L achieved through sustainable universal salt iodization in Fujian Province,China.展开更多
Objective Studies on the relationship between iodine,vitamin A(VA),and vitamin D(VD)and thyroid function are limited.This study aimed to analyze iodine and thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)status and their possible rel...Objective Studies on the relationship between iodine,vitamin A(VA),and vitamin D(VD)and thyroid function are limited.This study aimed to analyze iodine and thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)status and their possible relationships with VA,VD,and other factors in postpartum women.Methods A total of 1,311 mothers(896 lactating and 415 non-lactating)from Hebei,Zhejiang,and Guangxi provinces were included in this study.The urinary iodine concentration(UIC),TSH,VA,and VD were measured.Results The median UIC of total and lactating participants were 142.00µg/L and 139.95µg/L,respectively.The median TSH,VA,and VD levels in all the participants were 1.89 mIU/L,0.44μg/mL,and 24.04 ng/mL,respectively.No differences in the UIC were found between lactating and non-lactating mothers.UIC and TSH levels were significantly different among the three provinces.The rural UIC was higher than the urban UIC.Obese mothers had a higher UIC and a higher prevalence of excessive TSH.Higher UICs and TSHs levels were observed in both the VD deficiency and insufficiency groups than in the VD-sufficient group.After adjustment,no linear correlation was observed between UIC and VA/VD.No interaction was found between vitamins A/D and UIC on TSH levels.Conclusion The mothers in the present study had no iodine deficiency.Region,area type,BMI,and VD may be related to the iodine status or TSH levels.展开更多
Objective This study assesses the impact of iodine-rich processed foods and dining places on the iodine nutritional status of children.Methods School-aged children(SAC) in seven provinces in China were selected by sch...Objective This study assesses the impact of iodine-rich processed foods and dining places on the iodine nutritional status of children.Methods School-aged children(SAC) in seven provinces in China were selected by school-based multistage sampling. Urinary iodine, salt iodine, and thyroid volume(TVOL) were determined. Questionnaires were used to investigate dining places and iodine-rich processed foods. The water iodine was from the2017 national survey. Multi-factor regression analysis was used to find correlations between variables.Results Children ate 78.7% of their meals at home, 15.1% at school canteens, and 6.1% at other places.The percentage of daily iodine intake from water, iodized salt, iodine-rich processed foods, and cooked food were 1.0%, 79.2%, 1.5%, and 18.4%, respectively. The salt iodine was correlated with the urinary iodine and TVOL, respectively(r = 0.999 and-0.997, P < 0.05). The iodine intake in processed foods was weakly correlated with the TVOL(r = 0.080, P < 0.01). Non-iodized salt used in processed foods or diets when eating out had less effect on children’s iodine nutrition status.Conclusion Iodized salt remains the primary source of daily iodine intake of SAC, and processed food has less effect on iodine nutrition. Therefore, for children, iodized salt should be a compulsory supplement in their routine diet.展开更多
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the revised Chinese National Standard GB26878-2011 ＇Iodine Content in Edible Salt＇ on the iodine status among the Chinese population. Methods In 2011 and...Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the revised Chinese National Standard GB26878-2011 ＇Iodine Content in Edible Salt＇ on the iodine status among the Chinese population. Methods In 2011 and 2014, the probability proportionate to size sampling（PPS） was used in each Chinese province to obtain the representative data. In each sampling unit, school children aged 8-10 years and pregnant women were selected. Key indicators included urinary iodine concentration（UIC）, thyroid volume（TV）, and the iodine content in edible household salt. Results The median urinary iodine concentration（MUIC） decreased between 2011 and 2014 from 238.6 to 197.9 μg/L in school-age children. The number of provinces with iodine excess decreased to zero. The proportion of children whose UIC was 〉 300 μg/L was 18.8% and decreased to 11% compared with 29.8% in 2011. There was no significant difference in UIC 〈 50 μg/L between 2014（4.3%） and 2011（3.7%）（P 〉 0.05）. The MUIC among pregnant women in 2014 was more concentrated between 110 and 230 μg/L. The goiter rate among children aged 8-10 years was unchanged, both the goiter rate of 2011 and 2014 remaining below 5%, in view of the sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency disorders. Conclusion The National Standard GB26878-2011 ＇Iodine Content in Edible Salt＇ that was introduced in March 2012 resulted in an overall improvement in iodine status, reducing the risk of excessive iodine intake in the Chinese population.展开更多
Ammonium perchlorate （AP）, mainly used as solid propellants, was reported to interfere with homeostasis via competitive inhibition of iodide uptake. However, detailed mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this stud...Ammonium perchlorate （AP）, mainly used as solid propellants, was reported to interfere with homeostasis via competitive inhibition of iodide uptake. However, detailed mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, AP was administered at 0, 130, 260 and 520 mg/kg every day to 24 male SD rats for 13 weeks. The concentrations of iodine in urine, serum thyroid hormones levels, to- tal iodine, relative iodine and total protein, and malondialdehyde （MDA）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） activity in thyroid tissues were measured, respectively. Our results showed that high-dose perchlorate induced a significant increase in urinary iodine and serum thyroid stimu- lating hormone （TSH）, with a decrease of total iodine and relative iodine content. Meanwhile, free thyroxine （FT4） was decreased and CAT activity was remarkably increased. Particularly, the CAT activity was increased in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that CAT might be en- hanced to promote the synthesis of iodine, resulting in elevated urinary iodine level. Furthermore, these findings suggested that iodine in the urine and CAT activity in the thyroid might be used as biomarkers for exposure to AP, associated with thyroid hormone indicators such as TSH. FT4.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the relationship of iodine nutritional status with thyroid function in pregnant women in Baotou,and provide a scientific basis for the guide of reasonable iodine supplementation.Methods:By use...Objective:To investigate the relationship of iodine nutritional status with thyroid function in pregnant women in Baotou,and provide a scientific basis for the guide of reasonable iodine supplementation.Methods:By use of As-Ce catalysis spectrophotometry,the urinary iodine concentration was determined in 90 women during different periods of pregnancy admitted to Baogang Hospital of Inner Mongolia from January 2017 to December 2017.The determination of thyroid function and the autoantibody level was carried out by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay(ECLIA).Results:In the early trimester of pregnancy,pregnant women with iodine deficiency,iodine sufficiency and iodine excess accounted for 36.67%,40.00%and 23.33%respectively;in the middle trimester of pregnancy,they accounted for 66.67%,26.67%and 6.66%respectively;they made up 40.00%,40.00%and 20.00%respectively in the late trimester of pregnancy.The rate of iodine deficiency in women in the middle trimester of pregnancy was significantly higher than that in women in the early and the late trimesters of pregnancy respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05).The rate of iodine deficiency in pregnant women was positively correlated to the positivity of thyroid peroxidase antibody.Moreover,it had no relationship with the positivity of thyroglobulin antibody.No matter in the pregnant women with iodine deficiency or with iodine excess,the abnormality rate of thyroid function and autoantibodies was significantly higher than that in the pregnant women with iodine sufficiency.The difference was statistically significant(p<0.05).Conclusions:The iodine deficiency in the women in the middle trimester of pregnancy is more severe than that in the women in the early and the late trimesters of pregnancy.Iodine deficiency during pregnancy is positively correlated with the positivity of thyroid peroxidase antibody.Pregnant women with iodine deficiency and iodine excess show a higher abnormality rate of thyroid function and autoantibodies.It is recommended to advocate health education on iodine nutrition to pregnant women,and conduct the dynamic monitoring of urinary iodine concentration and the screening of thyroid function and autoantibodies during pregnancy.展开更多
基金sponsored by the Fujian Provincial Health Technology Project[2020CXA020]Fujian Provincial Natural Science Funding[2020J01093]Construction of Fujian Provincial Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform[2019Y2001]
文摘Objective This study explored whether thyroglobulin and thyroid disease prevalence rates were higher in pregnant Chinese women with a median urinary iodine concentration of 100-149μg/L,compared with those with a median urinary iodine concentration of 150-249μg/L maintained through sustainable universal salt iodization.Methods This was a cross-sectional study in which 812 healthy pregnant women were enrolled to collect samples of their household edible salt,urine,and blood during their routine antenatal care in the18 counties in Fujian Province,China.The levels of salt iodine concentration,urinary iodine concentration(UIC),free triiodothyronine(FT3),free thyroid hormone(FT4),thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH),thyroglobulin(Tg),thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyroglobulin antibody were assessed during the routine antenatal care visits.Results The median UIC(m UIC)in pregnant women was 130.8μg/L(interquartile range=91.5-198.1μg/L)in the counties with an m UIC of 100-149μg/L(Group I),and 172.0μg/L(interquartile range=123.5-244.4μg/L)in the counties with an m UIC of 150-249μg/L(Group II).Goiter prevalence and thyroid nodule detection rates showed no difference between Group I and Group II(P>0.05).Except for FT4 values,the TSH,FT4,FT3,Tg and Tg values>40(μg/L)and the thyroid diseases prevalence rate(TDR)showed no significant differences between Group I and Group II(P>0.05),whether or not iodine supplementation measures were taken.Conclusion Compared with an m UIC of 150-249μg/L,not only there was no difference in thyroid morphology,but also the Tg value,rate of Tg values>40μg/L,and TDR were not higher in pregnant women in the counties with an m UIC of 100-149μg/L achieved through sustainable universal salt iodization in Fujian Province,China.
基金funded by the National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China Medical Reform Major Program‘2016-2017 National Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Women’Major Public Health Project‘Survey and Evaluation of Iodine Nutrition and Thyroid Diseases of Chinese Population’[131031107000160007].
文摘Objective Studies on the relationship between iodine,vitamin A(VA),and vitamin D(VD)and thyroid function are limited.This study aimed to analyze iodine and thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)status and their possible relationships with VA,VD,and other factors in postpartum women.Methods A total of 1,311 mothers(896 lactating and 415 non-lactating)from Hebei,Zhejiang,and Guangxi provinces were included in this study.The urinary iodine concentration(UIC),TSH,VA,and VD were measured.Results The median UIC of total and lactating participants were 142.00µg/L and 139.95µg/L,respectively.The median TSH,VA,and VD levels in all the participants were 1.89 mIU/L,0.44μg/mL,and 24.04 ng/mL,respectively.No differences in the UIC were found between lactating and non-lactating mothers.UIC and TSH levels were significantly different among the three provinces.The rural UIC was higher than the urban UIC.Obese mothers had a higher UIC and a higher prevalence of excessive TSH.Higher UICs and TSHs levels were observed in both the VD deficiency and insufficiency groups than in the VD-sufficient group.After adjustment,no linear correlation was observed between UIC and VA/VD.No interaction was found between vitamins A/D and UIC on TSH levels.Conclusion The mothers in the present study had no iodine deficiency.Region,area type,BMI,and VD may be related to the iodine status or TSH levels.
基金supported by the National Nature Fund[No.81773370]the 2019 China Hygiene and Health Standard Project[No.20190502]。
文摘Objective This study assesses the impact of iodine-rich processed foods and dining places on the iodine nutritional status of children.Methods School-aged children(SAC) in seven provinces in China were selected by school-based multistage sampling. Urinary iodine, salt iodine, and thyroid volume(TVOL) were determined. Questionnaires were used to investigate dining places and iodine-rich processed foods. The water iodine was from the2017 national survey. Multi-factor regression analysis was used to find correlations between variables.Results Children ate 78.7% of their meals at home, 15.1% at school canteens, and 6.1% at other places.The percentage of daily iodine intake from water, iodized salt, iodine-rich processed foods, and cooked food were 1.0%, 79.2%, 1.5%, and 18.4%, respectively. The salt iodine was correlated with the urinary iodine and TVOL, respectively(r = 0.999 and-0.997, P < 0.05). The iodine intake in processed foods was weakly correlated with the TVOL(r = 0.080, P < 0.01). Non-iodized salt used in processed foods or diets when eating out had less effect on children’s iodine nutrition status.Conclusion Iodized salt remains the primary source of daily iodine intake of SAC, and processed food has less effect on iodine nutrition. Therefore, for children, iodized salt should be a compulsory supplement in their routine diet.
文摘Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the revised Chinese National Standard GB26878-2011 ＇Iodine Content in Edible Salt＇ on the iodine status among the Chinese population. Methods In 2011 and 2014, the probability proportionate to size sampling（PPS） was used in each Chinese province to obtain the representative data. In each sampling unit, school children aged 8-10 years and pregnant women were selected. Key indicators included urinary iodine concentration（UIC）, thyroid volume（TV）, and the iodine content in edible household salt. Results The median urinary iodine concentration（MUIC） decreased between 2011 and 2014 from 238.6 to 197.9 μg/L in school-age children. The number of provinces with iodine excess decreased to zero. The proportion of children whose UIC was 〉 300 μg/L was 18.8% and decreased to 11% compared with 29.8% in 2011. There was no significant difference in UIC 〈 50 μg/L between 2014（4.3%） and 2011（3.7%）（P 〉 0.05）. The MUIC among pregnant women in 2014 was more concentrated between 110 and 230 μg/L. The goiter rate among children aged 8-10 years was unchanged, both the goiter rate of 2011 and 2014 remaining below 5%, in view of the sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency disorders. Conclusion The National Standard GB26878-2011 ＇Iodine Content in Edible Salt＇ that was introduced in March 2012 resulted in an overall improvement in iodine status, reducing the risk of excessive iodine intake in the Chinese population.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30972452)
文摘Ammonium perchlorate （AP）, mainly used as solid propellants, was reported to interfere with homeostasis via competitive inhibition of iodide uptake. However, detailed mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, AP was administered at 0, 130, 260 and 520 mg/kg every day to 24 male SD rats for 13 weeks. The concentrations of iodine in urine, serum thyroid hormones levels, to- tal iodine, relative iodine and total protein, and malondialdehyde （MDA）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） activity in thyroid tissues were measured, respectively. Our results showed that high-dose perchlorate induced a significant increase in urinary iodine and serum thyroid stimu- lating hormone （TSH）, with a decrease of total iodine and relative iodine content. Meanwhile, free thyroxine （FT4） was decreased and CAT activity was remarkably increased. Particularly, the CAT activity was increased in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that CAT might be en- hanced to promote the synthesis of iodine, resulting in elevated urinary iodine level. Furthermore, these findings suggested that iodine in the urine and CAT activity in the thyroid might be used as biomarkers for exposure to AP, associated with thyroid hormone indicators such as TSH. FT4.
文摘Objective:To investigate the relationship of iodine nutritional status with thyroid function in pregnant women in Baotou,and provide a scientific basis for the guide of reasonable iodine supplementation.Methods:By use of As-Ce catalysis spectrophotometry,the urinary iodine concentration was determined in 90 women during different periods of pregnancy admitted to Baogang Hospital of Inner Mongolia from January 2017 to December 2017.The determination of thyroid function and the autoantibody level was carried out by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay(ECLIA).Results:In the early trimester of pregnancy,pregnant women with iodine deficiency,iodine sufficiency and iodine excess accounted for 36.67%,40.00%and 23.33%respectively;in the middle trimester of pregnancy,they accounted for 66.67%,26.67%and 6.66%respectively;they made up 40.00%,40.00%and 20.00%respectively in the late trimester of pregnancy.The rate of iodine deficiency in women in the middle trimester of pregnancy was significantly higher than that in women in the early and the late trimesters of pregnancy respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05).The rate of iodine deficiency in pregnant women was positively correlated to the positivity of thyroid peroxidase antibody.Moreover,it had no relationship with the positivity of thyroglobulin antibody.No matter in the pregnant women with iodine deficiency or with iodine excess,the abnormality rate of thyroid function and autoantibodies was significantly higher than that in the pregnant women with iodine sufficiency.The difference was statistically significant(p<0.05).Conclusions:The iodine deficiency in the women in the middle trimester of pregnancy is more severe than that in the women in the early and the late trimesters of pregnancy.Iodine deficiency during pregnancy is positively correlated with the positivity of thyroid peroxidase antibody.Pregnant women with iodine deficiency and iodine excess show a higher abnormality rate of thyroid function and autoantibodies.It is recommended to advocate health education on iodine nutrition to pregnant women,and conduct the dynamic monitoring of urinary iodine concentration and the screening of thyroid function and autoantibodies during pregnancy.
