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Thermodynamic analysis of improvement of converter gas by injecting pulverized coal into vaporization cooling flue 被引量:4
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作者 Jian-an Zhou Xue-kai Jiang +4 位作者 Jian-bo Xie Hua Zhang Lei Li Bao Wang Hong-wei Ni 《Journal of Iron and Steel Research International》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第1期65-71,共7页
In order to improve the calorific value and the recovery yield of converter gas during the steelmaking process, a novel and thermodynamically admissible process was proposed. This method involved injecting pulverized ... In order to improve the calorific value and the recovery yield of converter gas during the steelmaking process, a novel and thermodynamically admissible process was proposed. This method involved injecting pulverized coal into the vaporization cooling flue of a converter, and the approach was developed based on an industrial 30 t converter. The effects of temperature, O2 content, and the volumetric ratio of CO to CO2 on the conversion of the mixed components of gas were analyzed using thermodynamic calculations. Furthermore, the effect of the injection rate on the quality and quantity of gas was investigated. The results show that the O2 and CO2 components of flue gas decrease as the injection rate increases, whereas the CO and H2 components synchronously increase. With the injection rate of 30 kg min-1, the 02 and CO2 components of the gas decreased by 64.12 and 41.19%, respectively, while the CO and H2 increased by 20.09 and 236.84%, respectively, and the recovery time of gas increased by 11.61%, compared to non-injection. 展开更多
关键词 CONVERTER Gas recovery vaporization cooling flue CO2 Pulverized coal
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Thermal-hydraulic analysis of the HL-2M divertor using an homogeneous equilibrium model 被引量:2
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作者 卢勇 蔡立君 +4 位作者 刘雨祥 刘健 袁应龙 郑国尧 刘德权 《Plasma Science and Technology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第9期114-120,共7页
The heat flux of the HL-2M divertor would reach 10 MW m^-2 or more at the local area when the device operates at high parameters. Subcooled boiling could occur at high thermal load, which would be simulated based on t... The heat flux of the HL-2M divertor would reach 10 MW m^-2 or more at the local area when the device operates at high parameters. Subcooled boiling could occur at high thermal load, which would be simulated based on the homogeneous equilibrium model. The results show that the current design of the HL-2M divertor could withstand the local heat flux 10 MW m^-2 at a plasma pulse duration of 5 s, inlet coolant pressure of 1.5 MPa and flow velocity of 4 m s^-1. The pulse duration that the HL-2M divertor could withstand is closely related to the coolant velocity. In addition, at the time of 2 min after plasma discharge, the flow velocity decreased from 4 m s^-1 to 1 m s^-1, and the divertor could also be cooled to the initial temperature before the next plasma discharge commences. 展开更多
关键词 boiling cooled hydraulic Figure contour vaporization inlet vapour outer reaches
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Regional applicability of seven meteorological drought indices in China 被引量:23
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作者 YANG Qing LI MingXing +1 位作者 ZHENG ZiYan MA ZhuGuo 《Science China Earth Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第4期745-760,共16页
The definition of a drought index is the foundation of drought research.However,because of the complexity of drought,there is no a unified drought index appropriate for different drought types and objects at the same ... The definition of a drought index is the foundation of drought research.However,because of the complexity of drought,there is no a unified drought index appropriate for different drought types and objects at the same time.Therefore,it is crucial to determine the regional applicability of various drought indices.Using terrestrial water storage obtained from the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment,and the observed soil moisture and streamflow in China,we evaluated the regional applicability of seven meteorological drought indices:the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI),modified PDSI(PDSI_CN) based on observations in China,self-calibrating PDSI(scPDSI),Surface Wetness Index(SWI),Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI),Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI),and soil moisture simulations conducted using the community land model driven by observed atmospheric forcing(CLM3.5/ObsFC).The results showed that the scPDSI is most appropriate for China.However,it should be noted that the scPDSI reduces the value range slightly compared with the PDSI and PDSI_CN;thus,the classification of dry and wet conditions should be adjusted accordingly.Some problems might exist when using the PDSI and PDSI_CN in humid and arid areas because of the unsuitability of empiricalparameters.The SPI and SPEI are more appropriate for humid areas than arid and semiarid areas.This is because contributions of temperature variation to drought are neglected in the SPI,but overestimated in the SPEI,when potential evapotranspiration is estimated by the Thornthwaite method in these areas.Consequently,the SPI and SPEI tend to induce wetter and drier results,respectively.The CLM3.5/ObsFC is suitable for China before 2000,but not for arid and semiarid areas after 2000.Consistent with other drought indices,the SWI shows similar interannual and decadal change characteristics in detecting annual dry/wet variations.Although the long-term trends of drought areas in China detected by these seven drought indices during 1961-2013 are consistent,obvious differences exist among the values of drought areas,which might be attributable to the definitions of the drought indices in addition to climatic change. 展开更多
关键词 Surface sensible heating Tibetan-Iranian Plateau coupling system(TIPS) Water vapor convergence Upper troposphere and lower stratosphere circulation cooling center at tropopause
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