The gastrointestinal tract is essential for food digestion,nutrient absorption,waste elimination,and microbial defense.Single-cell transcriptome profiling of the intestinal tract has greatly enriched our understanding...The gastrointestinal tract is essential for food digestion,nutrient absorption,waste elimination,and microbial defense.Single-cell transcriptome profiling of the intestinal tract has greatly enriched our understanding of cellular diversity,functional heterogeneity,and their importance in intestinal tract development and disease.Although such profiling has been extensively conducted in humans and mice,the single-cell gene expression landscape of the pig cecum remains unexplored.Here,single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 45572 cells obtained from seven cecal samples in pigs at four different developmental stages(days(D)30,42,150,and 730).Analysis revealed 12 major cell types and 38 subtypes,as well as their distinctive genes,transcription factors,and regulons,many of which were conserved in humans.An increase in the relative proportions of CD8^(+)T and Granzyme A(low expression)natural killer T cells(GZMA^(low)NKT)cells and a decrease in the relative proportions of epithelial stem cells,Tregs,RHEX^(+)T cells,and plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs)were noted across the developmental stages.Moreover,the post-weaning period exhibited an up-regulation in mitochondrial genes,COX2 and ND2,as well as genes involved in immune activation in multiple cell types.Cell-cell crosstalk analysis indicated that IBP6^(+)fibroblasts were the main signal senders at D30,whereas IBP6^(−)fibroblasts assumed this role at the other stages.NKT cells established interactions with epithelial cells and IBP6^(+)fibroblasts in the D730 cecum through mediation of GZMA-F2RL1/F2RL2 pairs.This study provides valuable insights into cellular heterogeneity and function in the pig cecum at different development stages.展开更多
With the popularity and widespread applications of electronics,higher demands are being placed on the performance of battery materials.Due to the large difference in electronegativity between fluorine and carbon atoms...With the popularity and widespread applications of electronics,higher demands are being placed on the performance of battery materials.Due to the large difference in electronegativity between fluorine and carbon atoms,doping fluorine atoms in nanocarbon-based materials is considered an effective way to improve the performance of used battery.However,there is still a blank in the systematic review of the mechanism and research progress of fluorine-doped nanostructured carbon materials in various batteries.In this review,the synthetic routes of fluorinated/fluorine-doped nanocarbon-based(CF_x)materials under different fluorine sources and the function mechanism of CF_x in various batteries are reviewed in detail.Subsequently,judging from the dependence between the structure and electrochemical performance of nanocarbon sources,the progress of CF_x based on different dimensions(0D–3D)for primary battery applications is reviewed and the balance between energy density and power density is critically discussed.In addition,the roles of CF_x materials in secondary batteries and their current applications in recent years are summarized in detail to illustrate the effect of introducing F atoms.Finally,we envisage the prospect of CF_x materials and offer some insights and recommendations to facilitate the further exploration of CF_x materials for various high-performance battery applications.展开更多
Objective:To prepare various crude extracts using different polarities of solvent and to quantitatively evaluate their total phenol,flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening of Thymus vulgaris collected from Al ...Objective:To prepare various crude extracts using different polarities of solvent and to quantitatively evaluate their total phenol,flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening of Thymus vulgaris collected from Al Jabal Al Akhdar,Nizwa.Sultanate of Oman.Methods:The leave sample was extracted with methanol and evaporated.Then it was defatted with water and extracted with different polarities organic solvents with increasing polarities.The prepare hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,hutanol and methanol crude extracts were used for their evaluation of total phenol,flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening study.The established conventional metliods were used for quantitative determination of total phenol,flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening.Results:Phytochemical screening for various crude extracts were tested and shown positive result for flavonoids,saponins and steroids compounds.The result for total phenol content was the highest in hutanol and the lowest in methanol crude extract whereas the total flavonoids contents was the highest in methanol and the lowest hexane crude extract.Conclusions:The crude extracts from locally grown Thymus vulgaris showed high concentration of flavonoids and it could be used as antibiotics for different curable and uncurable diseases.展开更多
Sliding is one of the principal failure types of caisson breakwaters and is an essential content of stability examination in caisson breakwater design. Herein, the mass-spring-dashpot model of caisson-base system is u...Sliding is one of the principal failure types of caisson breakwaters and is an essential content of stability examination in caisson breakwater design. Herein, the mass-spring-dashpot model of caisson-base system is used to simulate the vibrating-sliding motion of the caisson under various types of breaking wave impact forces, i.e., single peak impact force, double peak impact force, and shock-damping oscillation impact force. The effects of various breaking wave impacts and the sliding motion on the dynamic response behaviors of caisson breakwaters are investigated and the calculation of relevant system parameters is discussed. It is shown that the dynamic responses of the caisson are significantly different under different types of breaking wave impact forces even when the amplitudes of impact forces are equal. The amplitude of dynamic response of the caisson is lower under single peak impact excitation than that under double peak impact or shock-damping oscillation impact excitation. Though the displacement of the caisson is large due to sliding, the rotation, the sliding force and the overturning moment of the caisson are significantly reduced.展开更多
Out-of-plane microneedle structures are widely used in various applications such as transcutaneous drug delivery and neural signal recording for brain machine interface.This work presents a novel but simple method to ...Out-of-plane microneedle structures are widely used in various applications such as transcutaneous drug delivery and neural signal recording for brain machine interface.This work presents a novel but simple method to fabricate high-density silicon(Si)microneedle arrays with various heights and diverse cross-sectional shapes depending on photomask pattern designs.The proposed fabrication method is composed of a single photolithography and two subsequent deep reactive ion etching(DRIE)steps.First,a photoresist layer was patterned on a Si substrate to define areas to be etched,which will eventually determine the final location and shape of each individual microneedle.Then,the 1st DRIE step created deep trenches with a highly anisotropic etching of the Si substrate.Subsequently,the photoresist was removed for more isotropic etching;the 2nd DRIE isolated and sharpened microneedles from the predefined trench structures.Depending on diverse photomask designs,the 2nd DRIE formed arrays of microneedles that have various height distributions,as well as diverse cross-sectional shapes across the substrate.With these simple steps,high-aspect ratio microneedles were created in the high density of up to 625 microneedles mm^(-2)on a Si wafer.Insertion tests showed a small force as low as~172μN/microneedle is required for microneedle arrays to penetrate the dura mater of a mouse brain.To demonstrate a feasibility of drug delivery application,we also implemented silk microneedle arrays using molding processes.The fabrication method of the present study is expected to be broadly applicable to create microneedle structures for drug delivery,neuroprosthetic devices,and so on.展开更多
The motion of intervariant intedeces under the action of applied stress in the internally faulted 18R martensite in a Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy has been studied. Transmission electron microscopy in situ observations...The motion of intervariant intedeces under the action of applied stress in the internally faulted 18R martensite in a Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy has been studied. Transmission electron microscopy in situ observations show that the interfaces between 24 martensite variants have different reaction to applied stress. The A/C type and A/B type interfaces have good mobil-ity, the A/D type interface has bad mobiIity, and the different-group-intervariant interfaces are basically immobile.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Glutathione, as an in vivo free radical scavenger, plays an important role in the anti-oxidation defense mechanism in patients with acute cerebral infarction. OBJECTIVE: To observe the relationship between...BACKGROUND: Glutathione, as an in vivo free radical scavenger, plays an important role in the anti-oxidation defense mechanism in patients with acute cerebral infarction. OBJECTIVE: To observe the relationship between the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malonaldehyde (MDA), the metabolite of lipid peroxidation, in erythrocyte and deformation index of erythrocyte in patients at various periods following acute cerebral infarction. DESIGN: Controlled observation. SETTING: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease of Qingdao Medical College. PARTICIPANTS: We chose 98 inpatients with acute cerebral infarction from Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January to December 2000 , serving as cerebral infarction group, including 50 male and 48 female , with mean age of (62±7)years. There were 23 cases found on the 1st day after onset; 25 cases on the 3rd day after onset; 25 cases on the 7th day after onset; 25 cases on the 14th days after onset, and they were all confirmed by craniocerebral CT or MRI. Another 30 homeochronous inpatients with neurosis, cervical syndrome, lumbar intervertebral disc herniation and motor neuron disease were chosen as control group, including 20 male and 10 female, with mean age of (52±8)years . There was no significant difference in age and gender distribution between two groups (P > 0.05). Patients in the two groups were informed of detected index. METHODS: ①Ulnar venous blood was chosen from the patients who were fasted on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after onset. Deformation index of erythrocyte was measured with BL88-CKX laser diffraction erythrocyte deformeter and photographing was performed. GSH level in erythrocyte was measured with DTNB assay introduced by Beu-tler. MDA level in erythrocyte was measured with modified thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method. ②At each sample collecting , according to the criteria accepted by the Fourth National Conference of Cerebrovascular Disease, intergrant of neurologic impairment < 15 points was regarded as mild (n=46),15 to 30 points as moderate (n=40)and, > 30 points as severe (n=12). ③ t test was used to compare data between two groups , and linear correlation analysis was used in relationship analysis among indexes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparison of erythrocyte GSH and MDA levels and deformation index of erythrocyte at various periods between patients with acute cerebral infarction and controls. ②Correlation of erythrocyte GSH level with erythrocyte MDA level and with deformation index of erythrocyte in patients with cerebral infarction. ③ Relationship between erythrocyte GSH level and severity of disease in patients with acute cerebral infarction. RESULTS: Totally 98 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 30 controls all entered the stage of result analysis. ① Erythrocyte GSH level and deformation index of erythrocyte were lower on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after onset in cerebral infarction group than in control group (P < 0.05-0.01), and erythrocyte MDA level was significantly higher in cerebral infarction group than in control group (P < 0.05-0.01). The three indexes changed most significantly on day 3 after onset in patients, and began to recover or decrease on day 7 after onset and inclined to be normal on day 14 after onset. ② Erythrocyte GSH level was significantly negatively correlated with erythrocyte MDA level in patients with acute cerebral infarction on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after onset (r=-0.534, -0.713, -0.645, -0.656, respectively, P < 0.05-0.01),and significantly positively correlated with erythrocyte deformation index (r=0.502, 0.560, 0.455, 0.504, respectively, P < 0.05). ③Erythrocyte GSH level was significantly lower in moderate or severe patients with acute cerebral infarction than in mild patients[(0.215±0.088),(0.192±0.102),(0.281±0.090) g/L, P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION: ①Erythrocyte GSH and MDA levels and deformation index of erythrocyte change significantly on the 3rd day following acute cerebral infarction. Index detection results gradually tended to be normal on from the 7th day to 14th days day after onset. ② Change of erythrocyte GSH level can reflect the severity of disease of patients with acute cerebral infarction. ③Decrease of erythrocyte GSH level in patients with acute cerebral infarction is one of reasons that result in the decrease of deformation ability of erythrocyte.展开更多
The use of antibiotics to maintain animal health has widely been practiced,for both therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.Along with the identification of serious adverse effects of some antibiotics on human and domes...The use of antibiotics to maintain animal health has widely been practiced,for both therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.Along with the identification of serious adverse effects of some antibiotics on human and domestic animals[1],chloramphenicol.展开更多
The performance of a 3-phase 6-pole 400 W inverter-drive induction motor was investigated using a variety of non-oriented electrical steels for stator core at PWM inverter fundamental wave frequencies of 30 to 300 Hz....The performance of a 3-phase 6-pole 400 W inverter-drive induction motor was investigated using a variety of non-oriented electrical steels for stator core at PWM inverter fundamental wave frequencies of 30 to 300 Hz. There existed an optimum Si content of the material depending on the tooth flux density. Both reduction of material thickness and stress-relief annealing of the stator core improved the motor efficiency. The influence of Si content on the efficiency was small at lower PWM frequencies, while at higher frequencies the motor efficiency increased with increasing Si content. The Cu loss We increased and the Fe loss Wi counteractively decreased with increasing Si content at lower frequencies, while at higher frequencies W_i had dominant effect on the efficiency. Newly developed materials RMA. having lower Fe losses after stress-relief annealing and higher flux densities with lower Si contents, showed motor efficiencies superior to conventional JIS grade materials with comparable Fe losses.展开更多
Three kinds of oxide underlayers, namely SiO2, ZnO and A12O3, were deposited prior to the sputtering of Sr-ferrite films. respectively, in order to induce the optimum grain morphology and the texture of the films. A S...Three kinds of oxide underlayers, namely SiO2, ZnO and A12O3, were deposited prior to the sputtering of Sr-ferrite films. respectively, in order to induce the optimum grain morphology and the texture of the films. A Sr-ferrite film with an easy axis in-plane orientation was induced by SiO2 underlayer. In contrast, it prefers to be perpendicular to film plane for the cases of ZnO and A12O3 underlayers. The optimum magnetic properties of the former film along film plane are: 4πMr=1.7 kG, iHc=5.35 kOe, and Sq=0.59, which are mainly dominated by the exchange coupling effect, determined by Wohlfarth’s remanence analysis. among grains. While those for the films with an easy axis perpendicular to film plane can be as high as 4πMr=3.72 kG, iHc=6.42 kOe, and Sq=0.82, which are mainly dominated by the magnetostatic interaction among grains.展开更多
The nanofluid and porous medium together are able to fulfill the requirement of high cooling rate in many engineering problems.So,here the impact of various shapes of nanoparticles on unsteady stagnation-point flow of...The nanofluid and porous medium together are able to fulfill the requirement of high cooling rate in many engineering problems.So,here the impact of various shapes of nanoparticles on unsteady stagnation-point flow of Cu-H_(2)O nanofluid on a flat surface in a porous medium is examined.Moreover,the thermal radiation and viscous dissipation effects are considered.The problem governing partial differential equations are converted into self-similar coupled ordinary differential equations and those are numerically solved by the shooting method.The computed results can reveal many vital findings of practical importance.Firstly,dual solutions exist for decelerating unsteady flow and for accelerating unsteady and steady flows,the solution is unique.The presence of nanoparticles affects the existence of dual solution in decelerating unsteady flow only when the medium of the flow is a porous medium.But different shapes of nanoparticles are not disturbing the dual solution existence range,though it has a considerable impact on thermal conductivity of the mixture.Different shapes of nanoparticles act differently to enhance the heat transfer characteristics of the base fluid,i.e.,the water here.On the other hand,the existence range of dual solutions becomes wider for a larger permeability parameter related to the porous medium.Regarding the cooling rate of the heated surface,it rises with the permeability parameter,shape factor(related to various shapes of Cu-nanoparticles),and radiation parameter.The surface drag force becomes stronger with the permeability parameter.Also,with growing values of nanoparticle volume fraction,the boundary layer thickness(BLT)increases and the thermal BLT becomes thicker with larger values of shape factor.For decelerating unsteady flow,the nanofluid velocity rises with permeability parameter in the case of upper branch solution and an opposite trend for the lower branch is witnessed.The thermal BLT is thicker with radiation parameter.Due to the existence of dual solutions,a linear stability analysis is made and it is concluded that the upper branch and unique solutions are stable solutions.展开更多
In this paper, the nonlinear bendings for the orthotropic rectangular thin plates under various supports are studied. The uniformlg valid asgmptotic solutions of the displacement ω and stress function φ are derived ...In this paper, the nonlinear bendings for the orthotropic rectangular thin plates under various supports are studied. The uniformlg valid asgmptotic solutions of the displacement ω and stress function φ are derived bythe perturbation offered in [1].展开更多
Detailed crystallographic analysis has been undertaken on the various combinations Of 24 martensite variants in the 18R martensite of a Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy. Based upon the calculated crystallographic data, the...Detailed crystallographic analysis has been undertaken on the various combinations Of 24 martensite variants in the 18R martensite of a Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy. Based upon the calculated crystallographic data, the interface energy of different twin interfaces was calculated using a lowangle-grain-interface model. For the variant/variant pairs in a self-accommodating group. the A/C type and A/B type interfaces have low interface energy, and A/D type interface is an intermediate one. In contrast, the intervariant interfaces that belong to different plate groups have high intrface energy. The calculated results are consiStent with the previous observations of the mobility of intervariant interfaces.展开更多
The recent years have witnessed the continued improvement of China’s business environment.According to the 2019 Business Environment Report the issued by the World Bank,China ranked the third in the improvement of ea...The recent years have witnessed the continued improvement of China’s business environment.According to the 2019 Business Environment Report the issued by the World Bank,China ranked the third in the improvement of ease of doing business and ranked at the top in the Asia-Pacific region.The recently-issued China Intellectual Property Rights Protection and Business Apportionment Progress Report(2018)also shows that China has made tangible progress in law enforcement when it comes to the protection of intellectual property rights.展开更多
Malaysia has many worldclass tourist spots,like Kuala Lumpur,Malacca,Pulau Langkawi and Sabah.Malaysia’s musang king is the top delicious’food for world gourmets.According to the recent data released by Malaysia’s ...Malaysia has many worldclass tourist spots,like Kuala Lumpur,Malacca,Pulau Langkawi and Sabah.Malaysia’s musang king is the top delicious’food for world gourmets.According to the recent data released by Malaysia’s Ministry of Tourism,China ranked the third in terms of number of tourists visiting Malaysia in 2018,with about 2.94 million tourists in all.This year marks the 45th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Malaysia.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> Stroke is the main cause of adult disability and the second most leading cause of death worldwide. The number of deaths due to stroke is 5.54 million worldwide. Globally, 70%...<strong>Introduction:</strong> Stroke is the main cause of adult disability and the second most leading cause of death worldwide. The number of deaths due to stroke is 5.54 million worldwide. Globally, 70% of strokes and 87% of both stroke-related deaths and disability-adjusted life years occur in low and middle-income countries. <strong>Method:</strong> This was a prospective observational cross-sectional study conducted at Indoor, Outdoor, Stroke and Neuro-Intervention clinic of the Department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from June-2019 to May-2020. A total of 220 ischemic stroke patients aged above 30 years confirmed by CT scan/MRI of brain. Data were collected with a pre-structured questionnaire from the patients, investigations reports and face-to-face interviews and analyzed using IBM SPSS software version 23.0. Proper consent was taken from the participants. The collected data were ANNOVA tests and association within the risk factors and the patterns of subtypes of ischemic stroke where P < 0.05 considered significant. <strong>Results:</strong> Among the 220 stroke patients, large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA), cardio-embolism (CE), small-vessel occlusion (SVO, stroke of other determined etiology (SODE) and stroke of undetermined etiology (SUDE) were being observed 84 (38.18%), 14 (6.36%), 63 (28.64%), 12 (5.45%) and 47 (18.18%). Eighty-Six (39.09%) prevalence of subtypes was found in rural areas whereas 134 (60.91%) were in urban areas. The significant risk factors are associated with the prevalence of various subtypes (p < 0.05). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study prevails the people of Bangladesh are vulnerable to various subtypes of ischemic stroke. The higher prevalence of large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) in our patients suggests the presence of uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking habit and dyslipidemia.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Push-pull effect is often caused during maneuver, and the changes of unconsciousness induced can affect or damage cerebral neurons at various degrees. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of simulated push-pul...BACKGROUND: Push-pull effect is often caused during maneuver, and the changes of unconsciousness induced can affect or damage cerebral neurons at various degrees. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of simulated push-pull maneuver at various degrees on injury of hippocampal neurons in rats and analyze its phase effect. DESIGN: Randomized control study. SETTING: Physiological Department of Jilin Medical College. MATERIALS: A total of 40 healthy male Wistar rats, of clean grade, weighting 205-300 g, aged 3-4 months, were randomly divided into control group (n=4) and three push-pull experimental groups, including ±2 Gz group (intensity: -2 Gz to +2 Gz, n=12), ±6 Gz group (-6 Gz to +6 Gz, n=12) and ±8 Gz group (-8 Gz to +8 Gz, n=12). METHODS: The experiment was completed in the Physiological Department of Jilin Military Medical College from March 2002 to May 2003. ① Rats in the experimental groups were put at the specially rolling arm of animal centrifugal machine. Then, they were pushed and pulled with ±2 Gz, ± 6 Gz and ±8 Gz, respectively. The jolt was 1 Gz/s. However, rats in control group were not treated with any ways. ② Stroke index and neurological evaluation were performed on rats in the experimental groups at 0.5, 6 and 24 hours after push-pull. Stroke index was 25 points in total. The higher the scores were, the severer the cerebral injury was. Neurological evaluation was 10 points in total. The higher the scores were, the severer the nerve injury was. ③ Hippocampal tissue in brain of rats were selected to cut into sections at each time points, and form and distribution of neurons were observed in hippocampal areas with HE staining. Degrees of neuronal injury in hippocampal CA1 area were assayed after push-pull at various degrees with electron microscope. ④ Measurement data were compared with t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Stroke index and neurological evaluation; ② Form and distribution of neurons in hippocampal areas; ③ Degrees of neuronal injury in hippocampal CA1 area. RESULTS: A total of 40 rats were involved in the final analysis. ① Stroke index and neurological evaluation of rats in experimental groups: At 30 minutes and 6 hours after push-pull exposure, stroke index and neurological evaluation were higher in ±6Gz group and ±8 Gz group than those in control group (P < 0.01), especially at 6 hours after push-pull exposure, those in ±8 Gz group were the highest at each time points [(11.00±2.16), (5.75±1.70) points]. At 24 hours after exposure, those were decreased as compared with those within the former two time points, but the values were still higher than those in control group (P < 0.05-0.01). ② Results of HE staining: At 6 and 24 hours after exposure, partially neuronal degeneration was observed in pyramidal layer in ±6 Gz group and ±8 Gz group, including crenation of neurons, triangle or polygon, and karyopycnosis, especially the injury in ±8 Gz group was the most obvious at 6 hours after exposure. ③ Results of ultrastructure with electron microscope: Partially neuronal degeneration at various degrees was observed in hippocampal CA1 area in ±2 Gz group at 6 hours after exposure and in ±6 Gz group and ±8 Gz group at 6 and 24 hours after exposure. At 6 hours after exposure, nucleus of hippocampal neurons in ±8 Gz group was irregular and umbilication. Caryotin was aggregated, nuclear matrix was swelled and disorder, and vacuolation was also observed. Rough endoplasmic reticulum was expanded, mitochondrium was swelled, and crista was disappeared. CONCLUSION: ① Push-pull cannot damage hippocampal neurons of rats in ±2 Gz group. ② Exposure can cause injury of hippocampal neurons of rats in ±6 Gz group and ±8 Gz group, especially the injury is the severest at 6 hours after exposure in ±8 Gz group and relieves gradually 24 hours later.展开更多
To tap the production potential of soil resources in China by making a nationwide soil investigation is a precondition for developing the farming production as a means of coping with the current population explosion a...To tap the production potential of soil resources in China by making a nationwide soil investigation is a precondition for developing the farming production as a means of coping with the current population explosion and providing necessities for people’s livelihood.This article expounds practical methods for the survey and elucidates rational exploitation in line with soil conditions in different localities across the land.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31790410,32160781)。
文摘The gastrointestinal tract is essential for food digestion,nutrient absorption,waste elimination,and microbial defense.Single-cell transcriptome profiling of the intestinal tract has greatly enriched our understanding of cellular diversity,functional heterogeneity,and their importance in intestinal tract development and disease.Although such profiling has been extensively conducted in humans and mice,the single-cell gene expression landscape of the pig cecum remains unexplored.Here,single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on 45572 cells obtained from seven cecal samples in pigs at four different developmental stages(days(D)30,42,150,and 730).Analysis revealed 12 major cell types and 38 subtypes,as well as their distinctive genes,transcription factors,and regulons,many of which were conserved in humans.An increase in the relative proportions of CD8^(+)T and Granzyme A(low expression)natural killer T cells(GZMA^(low)NKT)cells and a decrease in the relative proportions of epithelial stem cells,Tregs,RHEX^(+)T cells,and plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDCs)were noted across the developmental stages.Moreover,the post-weaning period exhibited an up-regulation in mitochondrial genes,COX2 and ND2,as well as genes involved in immune activation in multiple cell types.Cell-cell crosstalk analysis indicated that IBP6^(+)fibroblasts were the main signal senders at D30,whereas IBP6^(−)fibroblasts assumed this role at the other stages.NKT cells established interactions with epithelial cells and IBP6^(+)fibroblasts in the D730 cecum through mediation of GZMA-F2RL1/F2RL2 pairs.This study provides valuable insights into cellular heterogeneity and function in the pig cecum at different development stages.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51973157,61904123,52103061,52203066)the Science&Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education(2018KJ196)+3 种基金the project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021T140419)Tianjin Municipal College Student’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202110058052)the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students(202110058017)the State Key Laboratory of Membrane and Membrane Separation,Tiangong University。
文摘With the popularity and widespread applications of electronics,higher demands are being placed on the performance of battery materials.Due to the large difference in electronegativity between fluorine and carbon atoms,doping fluorine atoms in nanocarbon-based materials is considered an effective way to improve the performance of used battery.However,there is still a blank in the systematic review of the mechanism and research progress of fluorine-doped nanostructured carbon materials in various batteries.In this review,the synthetic routes of fluorinated/fluorine-doped nanocarbon-based(CF_x)materials under different fluorine sources and the function mechanism of CF_x in various batteries are reviewed in detail.Subsequently,judging from the dependence between the structure and electrochemical performance of nanocarbon sources,the progress of CF_x based on different dimensions(0D–3D)for primary battery applications is reviewed and the balance between energy density and power density is critically discussed.In addition,the roles of CF_x materials in secondary batteries and their current applications in recent years are summarized in detail to illustrate the effect of introducing F atoms.Finally,we envisage the prospect of CF_x materials and offer some insights and recommendations to facilitate the further exploration of CF_x materials for various high-performance battery applications.
基金Supported by Central Instrument Laboratory,College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences,Sultan Qaboos University,Sultanate of Oma(Grant No.507/SOP/OB/1/2013)
文摘Objective:To prepare various crude extracts using different polarities of solvent and to quantitatively evaluate their total phenol,flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening of Thymus vulgaris collected from Al Jabal Al Akhdar,Nizwa.Sultanate of Oman.Methods:The leave sample was extracted with methanol and evaporated.Then it was defatted with water and extracted with different polarities organic solvents with increasing polarities.The prepare hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,hutanol and methanol crude extracts were used for their evaluation of total phenol,flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening study.The established conventional metliods were used for quantitative determination of total phenol,flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening.Results:Phytochemical screening for various crude extracts were tested and shown positive result for flavonoids,saponins and steroids compounds.The result for total phenol content was the highest in hutanol and the lowest in methanol crude extract whereas the total flavonoids contents was the highest in methanol and the lowest hexane crude extract.Conclusions:The crude extracts from locally grown Thymus vulgaris showed high concentration of flavonoids and it could be used as antibiotics for different curable and uncurable diseases.
基金This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50279027)
文摘Sliding is one of the principal failure types of caisson breakwaters and is an essential content of stability examination in caisson breakwater design. Herein, the mass-spring-dashpot model of caisson-base system is used to simulate the vibrating-sliding motion of the caisson under various types of breaking wave impact forces, i.e., single peak impact force, double peak impact force, and shock-damping oscillation impact force. The effects of various breaking wave impacts and the sliding motion on the dynamic response behaviors of caisson breakwaters are investigated and the calculation of relevant system parameters is discussed. It is shown that the dynamic responses of the caisson are significantly different under different types of breaking wave impact forces even when the amplitudes of impact forces are equal. The amplitude of dynamic response of the caisson is lower under single peak impact excitation than that under double peak impact or shock-damping oscillation impact excitation. Though the displacement of the caisson is large due to sliding, the rotation, the sliding force and the overturning moment of the caisson are significantly reduced.
基金This work was supported by KIST(Korea Institute of Science and Technology)institutional grants(2E30965,and 2V07360)the National R&D Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(Nos.2020R1C1C1006065,2021M3F3A2A01037366)+1 种基金This work was also supported by the Korea Medical Device Development Fund grant funded by the Korea government(the Ministry of Science and ICT,the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy,the Ministry of Health&Welfarethe Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)(Project Number:9991006818,KMDF_PR_20200901_0145-2021).
文摘Out-of-plane microneedle structures are widely used in various applications such as transcutaneous drug delivery and neural signal recording for brain machine interface.This work presents a novel but simple method to fabricate high-density silicon(Si)microneedle arrays with various heights and diverse cross-sectional shapes depending on photomask pattern designs.The proposed fabrication method is composed of a single photolithography and two subsequent deep reactive ion etching(DRIE)steps.First,a photoresist layer was patterned on a Si substrate to define areas to be etched,which will eventually determine the final location and shape of each individual microneedle.Then,the 1st DRIE step created deep trenches with a highly anisotropic etching of the Si substrate.Subsequently,the photoresist was removed for more isotropic etching;the 2nd DRIE isolated and sharpened microneedles from the predefined trench structures.Depending on diverse photomask designs,the 2nd DRIE formed arrays of microneedles that have various height distributions,as well as diverse cross-sectional shapes across the substrate.With these simple steps,high-aspect ratio microneedles were created in the high density of up to 625 microneedles mm^(-2)on a Si wafer.Insertion tests showed a small force as low as~172μN/microneedle is required for microneedle arrays to penetrate the dura mater of a mouse brain.To demonstrate a feasibility of drug delivery application,we also implemented silk microneedle arrays using molding processes.The fabrication method of the present study is expected to be broadly applicable to create microneedle structures for drug delivery,neuroprosthetic devices,and so on.
文摘The motion of intervariant intedeces under the action of applied stress in the internally faulted 18R martensite in a Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy has been studied. Transmission electron microscopy in situ observations show that the interfaces between 24 martensite variants have different reaction to applied stress. The A/C type and A/B type interfaces have good mobil-ity, the A/D type interface has bad mobiIity, and the different-group-intervariant interfaces are basically immobile.
文摘BACKGROUND: Glutathione, as an in vivo free radical scavenger, plays an important role in the anti-oxidation defense mechanism in patients with acute cerebral infarction. OBJECTIVE: To observe the relationship between the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malonaldehyde (MDA), the metabolite of lipid peroxidation, in erythrocyte and deformation index of erythrocyte in patients at various periods following acute cerebral infarction. DESIGN: Controlled observation. SETTING: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease of Qingdao Medical College. PARTICIPANTS: We chose 98 inpatients with acute cerebral infarction from Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from January to December 2000 , serving as cerebral infarction group, including 50 male and 48 female , with mean age of (62±7)years. There were 23 cases found on the 1st day after onset; 25 cases on the 3rd day after onset; 25 cases on the 7th day after onset; 25 cases on the 14th days after onset, and they were all confirmed by craniocerebral CT or MRI. Another 30 homeochronous inpatients with neurosis, cervical syndrome, lumbar intervertebral disc herniation and motor neuron disease were chosen as control group, including 20 male and 10 female, with mean age of (52±8)years . There was no significant difference in age and gender distribution between two groups (P > 0.05). Patients in the two groups were informed of detected index. METHODS: ①Ulnar venous blood was chosen from the patients who were fasted on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after onset. Deformation index of erythrocyte was measured with BL88-CKX laser diffraction erythrocyte deformeter and photographing was performed. GSH level in erythrocyte was measured with DTNB assay introduced by Beu-tler. MDA level in erythrocyte was measured with modified thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method. ②At each sample collecting , according to the criteria accepted by the Fourth National Conference of Cerebrovascular Disease, intergrant of neurologic impairment < 15 points was regarded as mild (n=46),15 to 30 points as moderate (n=40)and, > 30 points as severe (n=12). ③ t test was used to compare data between two groups , and linear correlation analysis was used in relationship analysis among indexes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparison of erythrocyte GSH and MDA levels and deformation index of erythrocyte at various periods between patients with acute cerebral infarction and controls. ②Correlation of erythrocyte GSH level with erythrocyte MDA level and with deformation index of erythrocyte in patients with cerebral infarction. ③ Relationship between erythrocyte GSH level and severity of disease in patients with acute cerebral infarction. RESULTS: Totally 98 patients with acute cerebral infarction and 30 controls all entered the stage of result analysis. ① Erythrocyte GSH level and deformation index of erythrocyte were lower on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after onset in cerebral infarction group than in control group (P < 0.05-0.01), and erythrocyte MDA level was significantly higher in cerebral infarction group than in control group (P < 0.05-0.01). The three indexes changed most significantly on day 3 after onset in patients, and began to recover or decrease on day 7 after onset and inclined to be normal on day 14 after onset. ② Erythrocyte GSH level was significantly negatively correlated with erythrocyte MDA level in patients with acute cerebral infarction on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after onset (r=-0.534, -0.713, -0.645, -0.656, respectively, P < 0.05-0.01),and significantly positively correlated with erythrocyte deformation index (r=0.502, 0.560, 0.455, 0.504, respectively, P < 0.05). ③Erythrocyte GSH level was significantly lower in moderate or severe patients with acute cerebral infarction than in mild patients[(0.215±0.088),(0.192±0.102),(0.281±0.090) g/L, P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION: ①Erythrocyte GSH and MDA levels and deformation index of erythrocyte change significantly on the 3rd day following acute cerebral infarction. Index detection results gradually tended to be normal on from the 7th day to 14th days day after onset. ② Change of erythrocyte GSH level can reflect the severity of disease of patients with acute cerebral infarction. ③Decrease of erythrocyte GSH level in patients with acute cerebral infarction is one of reasons that result in the decrease of deformation ability of erythrocyte.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China[No.2015A030313272].
文摘The use of antibiotics to maintain animal health has widely been practiced,for both therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.Along with the identification of serious adverse effects of some antibiotics on human and domestic animals[1],chloramphenicol.
文摘The performance of a 3-phase 6-pole 400 W inverter-drive induction motor was investigated using a variety of non-oriented electrical steels for stator core at PWM inverter fundamental wave frequencies of 30 to 300 Hz. There existed an optimum Si content of the material depending on the tooth flux density. Both reduction of material thickness and stress-relief annealing of the stator core improved the motor efficiency. The influence of Si content on the efficiency was small at lower PWM frequencies, while at higher frequencies the motor efficiency increased with increasing Si content. The Cu loss We increased and the Fe loss Wi counteractively decreased with increasing Si content at lower frequencies, while at higher frequencies W_i had dominant effect on the efficiency. Newly developed materials RMA. having lower Fe losses after stress-relief annealing and higher flux densities with lower Si contents, showed motor efficiencies superior to conventional JIS grade materials with comparable Fe losses.
文摘Three kinds of oxide underlayers, namely SiO2, ZnO and A12O3, were deposited prior to the sputtering of Sr-ferrite films. respectively, in order to induce the optimum grain morphology and the texture of the films. A Sr-ferrite film with an easy axis in-plane orientation was induced by SiO2 underlayer. In contrast, it prefers to be perpendicular to film plane for the cases of ZnO and A12O3 underlayers. The optimum magnetic properties of the former film along film plane are: 4πMr=1.7 kG, iHc=5.35 kOe, and Sq=0.59, which are mainly dominated by the exchange coupling effect, determined by Wohlfarth’s remanence analysis. among grains. While those for the films with an easy axis perpendicular to film plane can be as high as 4πMr=3.72 kG, iHc=6.42 kOe, and Sq=0.82, which are mainly dominated by the magnetostatic interaction among grains.
文摘The nanofluid and porous medium together are able to fulfill the requirement of high cooling rate in many engineering problems.So,here the impact of various shapes of nanoparticles on unsteady stagnation-point flow of Cu-H_(2)O nanofluid on a flat surface in a porous medium is examined.Moreover,the thermal radiation and viscous dissipation effects are considered.The problem governing partial differential equations are converted into self-similar coupled ordinary differential equations and those are numerically solved by the shooting method.The computed results can reveal many vital findings of practical importance.Firstly,dual solutions exist for decelerating unsteady flow and for accelerating unsteady and steady flows,the solution is unique.The presence of nanoparticles affects the existence of dual solution in decelerating unsteady flow only when the medium of the flow is a porous medium.But different shapes of nanoparticles are not disturbing the dual solution existence range,though it has a considerable impact on thermal conductivity of the mixture.Different shapes of nanoparticles act differently to enhance the heat transfer characteristics of the base fluid,i.e.,the water here.On the other hand,the existence range of dual solutions becomes wider for a larger permeability parameter related to the porous medium.Regarding the cooling rate of the heated surface,it rises with the permeability parameter,shape factor(related to various shapes of Cu-nanoparticles),and radiation parameter.The surface drag force becomes stronger with the permeability parameter.Also,with growing values of nanoparticle volume fraction,the boundary layer thickness(BLT)increases and the thermal BLT becomes thicker with larger values of shape factor.For decelerating unsteady flow,the nanofluid velocity rises with permeability parameter in the case of upper branch solution and an opposite trend for the lower branch is witnessed.The thermal BLT is thicker with radiation parameter.Due to the existence of dual solutions,a linear stability analysis is made and it is concluded that the upper branch and unique solutions are stable solutions.
文摘In this paper, the nonlinear bendings for the orthotropic rectangular thin plates under various supports are studied. The uniformlg valid asgmptotic solutions of the displacement ω and stress function φ are derived bythe perturbation offered in [1].
文摘Detailed crystallographic analysis has been undertaken on the various combinations Of 24 martensite variants in the 18R martensite of a Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy. Based upon the calculated crystallographic data, the interface energy of different twin interfaces was calculated using a lowangle-grain-interface model. For the variant/variant pairs in a self-accommodating group. the A/C type and A/B type interfaces have low interface energy, and A/D type interface is an intermediate one. In contrast, the intervariant interfaces that belong to different plate groups have high intrface energy. The calculated results are consiStent with the previous observations of the mobility of intervariant interfaces.
文摘The recent years have witnessed the continued improvement of China’s business environment.According to the 2019 Business Environment Report the issued by the World Bank,China ranked the third in the improvement of ease of doing business and ranked at the top in the Asia-Pacific region.The recently-issued China Intellectual Property Rights Protection and Business Apportionment Progress Report(2018)also shows that China has made tangible progress in law enforcement when it comes to the protection of intellectual property rights.
文摘Malaysia has many worldclass tourist spots,like Kuala Lumpur,Malacca,Pulau Langkawi and Sabah.Malaysia’s musang king is the top delicious’food for world gourmets.According to the recent data released by Malaysia’s Ministry of Tourism,China ranked the third in terms of number of tourists visiting Malaysia in 2018,with about 2.94 million tourists in all.This year marks the 45th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Malaysia.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> Stroke is the main cause of adult disability and the second most leading cause of death worldwide. The number of deaths due to stroke is 5.54 million worldwide. Globally, 70% of strokes and 87% of both stroke-related deaths and disability-adjusted life years occur in low and middle-income countries. <strong>Method:</strong> This was a prospective observational cross-sectional study conducted at Indoor, Outdoor, Stroke and Neuro-Intervention clinic of the Department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from June-2019 to May-2020. A total of 220 ischemic stroke patients aged above 30 years confirmed by CT scan/MRI of brain. Data were collected with a pre-structured questionnaire from the patients, investigations reports and face-to-face interviews and analyzed using IBM SPSS software version 23.0. Proper consent was taken from the participants. The collected data were ANNOVA tests and association within the risk factors and the patterns of subtypes of ischemic stroke where P < 0.05 considered significant. <strong>Results:</strong> Among the 220 stroke patients, large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA), cardio-embolism (CE), small-vessel occlusion (SVO, stroke of other determined etiology (SODE) and stroke of undetermined etiology (SUDE) were being observed 84 (38.18%), 14 (6.36%), 63 (28.64%), 12 (5.45%) and 47 (18.18%). Eighty-Six (39.09%) prevalence of subtypes was found in rural areas whereas 134 (60.91%) were in urban areas. The significant risk factors are associated with the prevalence of various subtypes (p < 0.05). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study prevails the people of Bangladesh are vulnerable to various subtypes of ischemic stroke. The higher prevalence of large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) in our patients suggests the presence of uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking habit and dyslipidemia.
文摘BACKGROUND: Push-pull effect is often caused during maneuver, and the changes of unconsciousness induced can affect or damage cerebral neurons at various degrees. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of simulated push-pull maneuver at various degrees on injury of hippocampal neurons in rats and analyze its phase effect. DESIGN: Randomized control study. SETTING: Physiological Department of Jilin Medical College. MATERIALS: A total of 40 healthy male Wistar rats, of clean grade, weighting 205-300 g, aged 3-4 months, were randomly divided into control group (n=4) and three push-pull experimental groups, including ±2 Gz group (intensity: -2 Gz to +2 Gz, n=12), ±6 Gz group (-6 Gz to +6 Gz, n=12) and ±8 Gz group (-8 Gz to +8 Gz, n=12). METHODS: The experiment was completed in the Physiological Department of Jilin Military Medical College from March 2002 to May 2003. ① Rats in the experimental groups were put at the specially rolling arm of animal centrifugal machine. Then, they were pushed and pulled with ±2 Gz, ± 6 Gz and ±8 Gz, respectively. The jolt was 1 Gz/s. However, rats in control group were not treated with any ways. ② Stroke index and neurological evaluation were performed on rats in the experimental groups at 0.5, 6 and 24 hours after push-pull. Stroke index was 25 points in total. The higher the scores were, the severer the cerebral injury was. Neurological evaluation was 10 points in total. The higher the scores were, the severer the nerve injury was. ③ Hippocampal tissue in brain of rats were selected to cut into sections at each time points, and form and distribution of neurons were observed in hippocampal areas with HE staining. Degrees of neuronal injury in hippocampal CA1 area were assayed after push-pull at various degrees with electron microscope. ④ Measurement data were compared with t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Stroke index and neurological evaluation; ② Form and distribution of neurons in hippocampal areas; ③ Degrees of neuronal injury in hippocampal CA1 area. RESULTS: A total of 40 rats were involved in the final analysis. ① Stroke index and neurological evaluation of rats in experimental groups: At 30 minutes and 6 hours after push-pull exposure, stroke index and neurological evaluation were higher in ±6Gz group and ±8 Gz group than those in control group (P < 0.01), especially at 6 hours after push-pull exposure, those in ±8 Gz group were the highest at each time points [(11.00±2.16), (5.75±1.70) points]. At 24 hours after exposure, those were decreased as compared with those within the former two time points, but the values were still higher than those in control group (P < 0.05-0.01). ② Results of HE staining: At 6 and 24 hours after exposure, partially neuronal degeneration was observed in pyramidal layer in ±6 Gz group and ±8 Gz group, including crenation of neurons, triangle or polygon, and karyopycnosis, especially the injury in ±8 Gz group was the most obvious at 6 hours after exposure. ③ Results of ultrastructure with electron microscope: Partially neuronal degeneration at various degrees was observed in hippocampal CA1 area in ±2 Gz group at 6 hours after exposure and in ±6 Gz group and ±8 Gz group at 6 and 24 hours after exposure. At 6 hours after exposure, nucleus of hippocampal neurons in ±8 Gz group was irregular and umbilication. Caryotin was aggregated, nuclear matrix was swelled and disorder, and vacuolation was also observed. Rough endoplasmic reticulum was expanded, mitochondrium was swelled, and crista was disappeared. CONCLUSION: ① Push-pull cannot damage hippocampal neurons of rats in ±2 Gz group. ② Exposure can cause injury of hippocampal neurons of rats in ±6 Gz group and ±8 Gz group, especially the injury is the severest at 6 hours after exposure in ±8 Gz group and relieves gradually 24 hours later.
文摘To tap the production potential of soil resources in China by making a nationwide soil investigation is a precondition for developing the farming production as a means of coping with the current population explosion and providing necessities for people’s livelihood.This article expounds practical methods for the survey and elucidates rational exploitation in line with soil conditions in different localities across the land.
