The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)and World Health Organization(WHO)collaboratively produce the'WHO Blue Books'essential tools standardizing the diagnostic process for human cancers.Regular ...The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)and World Health Organization(WHO)collaboratively produce the'WHO Blue Books'essential tools standardizing the diagnostic process for human cancers.Regular updates in this classification accommodate emerging molecular discoveries,advances in immunohistochemical techniques,and evolving clinical insights.The 5th edition of the WHO/IARC classification of head and neck tumors refines the'Oral Cavity and Mobile Tongue'chapter,including sections for non-neoplastic lesions,epithelial tumors,and tumors of uncertain histogenesis.Notably,the epithelial tumors section is rearranged by tumor behavior,starting with benign squamous papillomas and progressing through potentially malignant oral disorders to oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).The section on OSCC reflects recent information on epidemiology,pathogenesis,and histological prognostic factors.Noteworthy is the specific categorization of verrucous carcinoma(VC)and carcinoma cuniculatum(CC),both associated with the oral cavity and distinct in clinical and histologic characteristics.This classification adjustment emphasizes the oral cavity as their predominant site in the head and neck.Designating specific sections for VC and CC aims to provide comprehensive insights into these unique subtypes,elucidating their clinical features,distinct histological characteristics,prevalence,significance,and clinical relevance.By categorizing these subtypes into specific sections,the 5th edition of the WHO classification aims to provide a more nuanced and detailed account,enhancing our understanding of these specific variants within the broader spectrum of head and neck tumors.展开更多
AIM To elucidate the profile of the salivary proteome.METHODS Unstimulated whole mouth saliva was collected from 30 volunteers [15 proliferative verrucous leukoplakia(PVL) patients and 15 controls] and proteins were s...AIM To elucidate the profile of the salivary proteome.METHODS Unstimulated whole mouth saliva was collected from 30 volunteers [15 proliferative verrucous leukoplakia(PVL) patients and 15 controls] and proteins were submitted for mass spectrometry-based proteomics using the discovery approach,followed by analyses of variance and logistic regression tests.RESULTS A total of two hundred and eighty-three proteins were confidently identified in saliva.By combining two low abundance proteins from the PVL group,angiotensinogen(AGT) and dipeptidyl peptidase 1(DPP1),a model for group differentiation was built with a concordance index of 94.2%,identifying both proteins as potential etiologic biomarkers for PVL.CONCLUSION This study suggests that both AGT and DPP1 may be involved in developmental mechanisms of PVL.展开更多
Verrucous carcinoma of the esophagus is a variant of a squamous cell cancer. Our case is a 78-year-old male patient comes in with the dysphagia and weight loss, and on endoscopy(EGD) he is found to have an irregular i...Verrucous carcinoma of the esophagus is a variant of a squamous cell cancer. Our case is a 78-year-old male patient comes in with the dysphagia and weight loss, and on endoscopy(EGD) he is found to have an irregular intraluminal mass at the distal esophagus. With the deep EGD assisted biopsy, diagnosis of the verrucous carcinoma is made. Due to multiple co morbidities and possible infiltration to the pericardium, patient is taken for the esophageal stent placement and is being referred for the chemo-radiation treatment. The diagnosis can be very difficult to make with the superficial biopsies due to very non specific histological changes and requires very high clinical suspicion and deep mucosal biopsies are required for accurate diagnosis of the tumor. Chronic and local disease process is the main risk factor for the development of the verrucous carcinoma of the esophagus. Surgery is the treatment of the choice for the early stage tumor and advanced cases are treated with the palliation and possibly chemoradiation. The prognosis is usually guarded and needs long term follow up.展开更多
Fifty-nine cases of resected verrucous carcinoma of penis are analysed. They account for 46 percent of the hospitalized patients with carcinoma of penis in the same time (1966--1990). Among them, 54 cases were diagnos...Fifty-nine cases of resected verrucous carcinoma of penis are analysed. They account for 46 percent of the hospitalized patients with carcinoma of penis in the same time (1966--1990). Among them, 54 cases were diagnosed originally as squamous cell carcinoma.Surgical treatment included total amputation of the penis, urethral transplantation (23 cases), excision of testis (15 cases) and resection of the regional lymph nodes (25 cases). Our study demonstrates that the malignant degree of verrucous carcinoma of penis is low and it should be differentiated from squamous cell carcinoma in diagnosis and treatment. It is preferable that local tumour resection or partial amputation of penis should be carried out.展开更多
Introduction: We report an unusual case of squamous cell carcinoma on a verrucous lichen of chronic evolution taken in charge in Borgou/Alibori UHC in Parakou (Bénin). Observation: A 75-year old Beninese woman wi...Introduction: We report an unusual case of squamous cell carcinoma on a verrucous lichen of chronic evolution taken in charge in Borgou/Alibori UHC in Parakou (Bénin). Observation: A 75-year old Beninese woman with a history of portal hypertension post-viral cirrhosis C treated with negative viral load, had consulted for a large chronic ulceration of the right foot back. The beginning of the symptomatology would go back to about 30 years, marked by lichenified, pruriginous popular lesions;these lesions would initially be treated as eczema and then mycosis by health personnel not specialised in dermatology and multitreated with unspecified topicals. General state was altered. In addition to ulceration, the dermatological examination found plates of hyperpigmented lichen lesion, homogeneous and well limited bilateral and symmetrical topography on the pelvic limbs making difficult to walk. Anatomopathological examination of the biopsy sample straddling the ulceration and its edges suggested a hypertrophic cutaneous lichen associated with keratinizing, infiltrating epidermal carcinoma. The chest-abdominal-pelvic scan showed no metastasis. A complete amputation of the right leg and knee was performed after a psychological interview. The follow-up was marked by an over-infection of the amputation stump by Escherichia coli, which was successfully treated. Healed, she is waiting for orthopedic equipment and possible chemotherapy. Conclusion: This clinical case indicates the need for adequate management of certain potentially precancerous dermatoses, in order to limit the progression to carcinogenic transformation.展开更多
Verrucous epidermal naevus(VEN) is a rare form of epidermal naevus. We present a case of VEN occurring over the perianal region of a 7-year-old boy. The lesion was initially thought to be an area of chronic dermatitis...Verrucous epidermal naevus(VEN) is a rare form of epidermal naevus. We present a case of VEN occurring over the perianal region of a 7-year-old boy. The lesion was initially thought to be an area of chronic dermatitis; however it was refractory to treatment. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of VEN. VEN in the inguinogenital region may be misdiagnosed as flexural psoriasis, genital warts or sexual abuse. This is what precisely happened to our patient for a duration of more than 1 year.展开更多
Background Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus(ILVEN)is a rare type of epidermal nevus that occurs in infancy and develops along Blaschko’s lines.Due to its rarity and clinical/histological similarities wit...Background Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus(ILVEN)is a rare type of epidermal nevus that occurs in infancy and develops along Blaschko’s lines.Due to its rarity and clinical/histological similarities with other cutaneous disorders,correct diagnosis is sometimes difficult.In the present case,the whole exome sequencing of blood found no germline mutation,but the sequencing of the biopsy specimen revealed a novel potential pathogenic somatic mutation,C>T at rs200881715(p.R698X)in the cspp1 gene,which may provide new insight into the mechanism of ILVEN.Patient concerns A 10-year-old girl presented with linear,pruritic,erythematous,scaly,and exophytic verrucous skin lesions on her left thigh,buttock,and hand unilaterally along Blaschko’s lines from the third day after birth.Diagnosis Biopsy revealed psoriasiform acanthosis,papillary hyperplasia with orthohyperkeratosis,and parakeratosis of squamous epithelium,which are histological characteristics of ILVEN.Interventions Owing to the large lesion size and significant refractory response to previous treatments,multiple-stage surgical resections with a tissue expander were performed.Outcomes After surgical resection and defect reconstruction with a tissue expander,the outcome was satisfactory for the patient and her family.No recurrence was detected during the follow-up visits.Conclusion ILVEN is a rare type of cutaneous hyperplastic disease,and treatment is extremely challenging.Biopsy should be performed at the diagnostician’s discretion or if refractory to conservative treatments.Timely diagnosis and surgical intervention could result in satisfactory outcomes.展开更多
Verrucous hemangioma (VH) is an uncommon, congenital, vascular anomaly that resembles angiokeratoma but it encompasses distinctive clinicopathological features. The differential diagnosis of this entity included all t...Verrucous hemangioma (VH) is an uncommon, congenital, vascular anomaly that resembles angiokeratoma but it encompasses distinctive clinicopathological features. The differential diagnosis of this entity included all the hyperkeratotic vascular tumors and malformations and, especially in localized cases, pigmented lesions. VH lesions initially present at birth, and therefore, the diagnosis in the elderly may be difficult. We present a 77 year-old patient with a birth lesion on the back of his calf who came to the clinic with a two year history of enlargement of this lesion following trauma. We performed an excisional biopsy because clinical appearance simulated melanoma arising from a congenital nevus. Nevertheless, the histopathological examination revealed a verrucous hemangioma. A diagnosis of VH should be considered in erythematous papules, nodules, and plaques, especially those that are hyperkeratotic, present at birth, located on the lower extremities, and show growth after trauma or infection.展开更多
Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is an intriguing disease, which occurs particularly in women aged greater than 60 years, is not associated with tobacco and alcohol, and has a high risk of recurrence and malignant ...Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is an intriguing disease, which occurs particularly in women aged greater than 60 years, is not associated with tobacco and alcohol, and has a high risk of recurrence and malignant transformation. Although it is well known that the typical presentation is characterized by multifocal and verrucous white lesions, there is no description that its initial clinical presentation may simulate a lichenoid reaction.展开更多
Background:There have been few studies in the English literature regarding verrucous gastritis(VG).The present study investigated the clinical and endoscopic features of verrucous antral gastritis,especially focusing ...Background:There have been few studies in the English literature regarding verrucous gastritis(VG).The present study investigated the clinical and endoscopic features of verrucous antral gastritis,especially focusing on Helicobacter pylori infection,nutrition,and gastric atrophy.Methods:We performed a retrospective study of patients who underwent routine endoscopy with indigo carmine chromoendoscopy and a comparative study was conducted between VG-positive and VG-negative groups.VG was subdivided into classical and numerous types based on the number and distribution of verrucous lesions.Demographic,clinical,and endoscopic data including body mass index(BMI),serum albumin and cholesterol,gastric atrophy,reflux oesophagitis,Barrett’s oesophagus,and H.pylori status were collected.Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors associated with VG.Results:We analysed the data of 621 patients undergoing routine endoscopy and found that VG(n=352)was significantly associated with increased BMI(1.12[1.05-1.18],P<0.01),reflux esophagitis(1.96[1.10-3.28],P<0.01),and H.pylori negativity with or without a history of eradication(9.94[6.00-16.47]and 6.12[3.51-10.68],P<0.001,respectively).Numerous-type(n=163)VG was associated with both closed-and open-type gastric atrophy(9.9[4.04-21.37]and 8.10[3.41-19.24],P<0.001,respectively).There were no statistical differences between groups regarding age,sex,total cholesterol,albumin,and bile-colored gastric juice.Conclusions:Verrucous antral gastritis was related to increased BMI,reflux esophagitis,and H.pylori negativity.Numerous-type verrucous lesions were associated with gastric atrophy.These indicate that VG may be a physiological phenomenon due to high gastric acidity,mechanical overload,and vulnerability of background mucosa.展开更多
Introduction:Verrucous carcinoma is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma.It generally grows exogenously and bone erosion is rare.Here we present a case of verrucous carcinoma on the foot with toe absence.Case pre...Introduction:Verrucous carcinoma is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma.It generally grows exogenously and bone erosion is rare.Here we present a case of verrucous carcinoma on the foot with toe absence.Case presentation:A 64-year-old man presented with a 6-year history of a slowly growing exogenous hyperkeratotic verrucous lesion on the right fifth toe,which had been absent for 1year.Before the lesion appeared,he had undergone nail extraction on this toe.The culture of fungi and mycobacteria were negative.Three-dimensional computed tomography showed that the fifth toe of the right foot was absent.Histopathological examination showed that the lesion was exogenous and verrucous and exhibited moderate keratinocyte hyperplasia.Combined with clinical manifestation and histopathological examination,verrucous carcinoma is suggested.The lesion was surgically excised,and the patient was followed up for more than 6months without recurrence.Discussion:Verrucous carcinoma is an exophytic tumor with verrucous growth at the beginning,which can invade deep tissues and even cause limb mutilation.When encountering a patient with a wart-like plaque on the foot that responds poorly to conventional treatments,clinicians should maintain a high degree of clinical vigilance and a low threshold for biopsy.Conclusion:We observed a rare outcome of toe absence associated with verrucous carcinoma.Therefore,early diagnosis of verrucous carcinoma is very important.Surgical excision is an effective treatment at present.Extensive resection is usually required to avoid recurrence.展开更多
An epidermal nevus(EN)is a common disease of various types,including verrucous EN,nevus sebaceous,inflammatory linear verrucous EN,Becker nevus,smooth muscle hamartoma,and nevus comedonicus.EN syndrome is a serious an...An epidermal nevus(EN)is a common disease of various types,including verrucous EN,nevus sebaceous,inflammatory linear verrucous EN,Becker nevus,smooth muscle hamartoma,and nevus comedonicus.EN syndrome is a serious and difficult-to-treat syndrome that is complicated by two or more abnormal organs or systems.To date,the mechanism of an EN is still unclear,and the therapies remain unsatisfactory.The most frequently used treatments are surgery and laser therapy.Several drugs have also been tested.An EN requires more attention,and further research is needed to provide appropriate and effective treatments for each patient.展开更多
Chromoblastomycosis can also cause severe but usually superficial lesions on the legs.Like other deep mycosis, this chronic and disabling condition is seen in many tropical regions,including Argentina,where this man w...Chromoblastomycosis can also cause severe but usually superficial lesions on the legs.Like other deep mycosis, this chronic and disabling condition is seen in many tropical regions,including Argentina,where this man was infected.We describe the spatial epidemiology and identify risk factors for disease.展开更多
Melanoma and non-melanoma cutaneous malignancies are some of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the United States.Though melanoma is more known to have a high mortality rate,the total mortality per year is ...Melanoma and non-melanoma cutaneous malignancies are some of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the United States.Though melanoma is more known to have a high mortality rate,the total mortality per year is nearly equal for between melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer.Moreover,the non-melanoma types of cutaneous malignancies have potential to become locally invasive and even metastasize with very little to no treatment options when advanced.The development of these malignancies involves various genetic pathways through the four hallmarks of cancer development:malignant cell growth,apoptosis evasion,the use of supporting stroma and vascularization,and modulating and promoting an inadequate immune response.The genetic signaling pathways of basal cell carcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma,verrucous carcinoma,basosquamous cell carcinoma,melanoma,and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma interact with each other through genetic predisposition as well as with environmental exposures.Furthermore,solar ultraviolet radiation and chronic inflammatory states are found to initiate the progression of many of these cutaneous malignancies.This paper includes validated models of genetic pathways,emerging pathways,and crosstalk between genetic pathways through the four hallmarks of cancer development.Moreover,unlike most reviews addressing oncogenetics of the well-recognized,as well as newly discovered,genetic pathway mutations,this review stresses that these pathways are not fixed but rather exist in dynamic,interrelated,interactive,complex,and adaptive flux states.展开更多
文摘The International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)and World Health Organization(WHO)collaboratively produce the'WHO Blue Books'essential tools standardizing the diagnostic process for human cancers.Regular updates in this classification accommodate emerging molecular discoveries,advances in immunohistochemical techniques,and evolving clinical insights.The 5th edition of the WHO/IARC classification of head and neck tumors refines the'Oral Cavity and Mobile Tongue'chapter,including sections for non-neoplastic lesions,epithelial tumors,and tumors of uncertain histogenesis.Notably,the epithelial tumors section is rearranged by tumor behavior,starting with benign squamous papillomas and progressing through potentially malignant oral disorders to oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).The section on OSCC reflects recent information on epidemiology,pathogenesis,and histological prognostic factors.Noteworthy is the specific categorization of verrucous carcinoma(VC)and carcinoma cuniculatum(CC),both associated with the oral cavity and distinct in clinical and histologic characteristics.This classification adjustment emphasizes the oral cavity as their predominant site in the head and neck.Designating specific sections for VC and CC aims to provide comprehensive insights into these unique subtypes,elucidating their clinical features,distinct histological characteristics,prevalence,significance,and clinical relevance.By categorizing these subtypes into specific sections,the 5th edition of the WHO classification aims to provide a more nuanced and detailed account,enhancing our understanding of these specific variants within the broader spectrum of head and neck tumors.
文摘AIM To elucidate the profile of the salivary proteome.METHODS Unstimulated whole mouth saliva was collected from 30 volunteers [15 proliferative verrucous leukoplakia(PVL) patients and 15 controls] and proteins were submitted for mass spectrometry-based proteomics using the discovery approach,followed by analyses of variance and logistic regression tests.RESULTS A total of two hundred and eighty-three proteins were confidently identified in saliva.By combining two low abundance proteins from the PVL group,angiotensinogen(AGT) and dipeptidyl peptidase 1(DPP1),a model for group differentiation was built with a concordance index of 94.2%,identifying both proteins as potential etiologic biomarkers for PVL.CONCLUSION This study suggests that both AGT and DPP1 may be involved in developmental mechanisms of PVL.
文摘Verrucous carcinoma of the esophagus is a variant of a squamous cell cancer. Our case is a 78-year-old male patient comes in with the dysphagia and weight loss, and on endoscopy(EGD) he is found to have an irregular intraluminal mass at the distal esophagus. With the deep EGD assisted biopsy, diagnosis of the verrucous carcinoma is made. Due to multiple co morbidities and possible infiltration to the pericardium, patient is taken for the esophageal stent placement and is being referred for the chemo-radiation treatment. The diagnosis can be very difficult to make with the superficial biopsies due to very non specific histological changes and requires very high clinical suspicion and deep mucosal biopsies are required for accurate diagnosis of the tumor. Chronic and local disease process is the main risk factor for the development of the verrucous carcinoma of the esophagus. Surgery is the treatment of the choice for the early stage tumor and advanced cases are treated with the palliation and possibly chemoradiation. The prognosis is usually guarded and needs long term follow up.
文摘Fifty-nine cases of resected verrucous carcinoma of penis are analysed. They account for 46 percent of the hospitalized patients with carcinoma of penis in the same time (1966--1990). Among them, 54 cases were diagnosed originally as squamous cell carcinoma.Surgical treatment included total amputation of the penis, urethral transplantation (23 cases), excision of testis (15 cases) and resection of the regional lymph nodes (25 cases). Our study demonstrates that the malignant degree of verrucous carcinoma of penis is low and it should be differentiated from squamous cell carcinoma in diagnosis and treatment. It is preferable that local tumour resection or partial amputation of penis should be carried out.
文摘Introduction: We report an unusual case of squamous cell carcinoma on a verrucous lichen of chronic evolution taken in charge in Borgou/Alibori UHC in Parakou (Bénin). Observation: A 75-year old Beninese woman with a history of portal hypertension post-viral cirrhosis C treated with negative viral load, had consulted for a large chronic ulceration of the right foot back. The beginning of the symptomatology would go back to about 30 years, marked by lichenified, pruriginous popular lesions;these lesions would initially be treated as eczema and then mycosis by health personnel not specialised in dermatology and multitreated with unspecified topicals. General state was altered. In addition to ulceration, the dermatological examination found plates of hyperpigmented lichen lesion, homogeneous and well limited bilateral and symmetrical topography on the pelvic limbs making difficult to walk. Anatomopathological examination of the biopsy sample straddling the ulceration and its edges suggested a hypertrophic cutaneous lichen associated with keratinizing, infiltrating epidermal carcinoma. The chest-abdominal-pelvic scan showed no metastasis. A complete amputation of the right leg and knee was performed after a psychological interview. The follow-up was marked by an over-infection of the amputation stump by Escherichia coli, which was successfully treated. Healed, she is waiting for orthopedic equipment and possible chemotherapy. Conclusion: This clinical case indicates the need for adequate management of certain potentially precancerous dermatoses, in order to limit the progression to carcinogenic transformation.
文摘Verrucous epidermal naevus(VEN) is a rare form of epidermal naevus. We present a case of VEN occurring over the perianal region of a 7-year-old boy. The lesion was initially thought to be an area of chronic dermatitis; however it was refractory to treatment. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of VEN. VEN in the inguinogenital region may be misdiagnosed as flexural psoriasis, genital warts or sexual abuse. This is what precisely happened to our patient for a duration of more than 1 year.
基金This work was supported by grants from the Youth Doctor Collaborative Innovation Team Project(QC201803)of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai Youth Top-Notch Talent Program(201809004)Chenguang Program supported by the Shanghai Education Development Foundation and the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(19CG18)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(19JC1413)Shanghai Rising Star Program(20QA1405600)innovative research team of high-level local universities in Shanghai(SSMU-ZDCX20180700).
文摘Background Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus(ILVEN)is a rare type of epidermal nevus that occurs in infancy and develops along Blaschko’s lines.Due to its rarity and clinical/histological similarities with other cutaneous disorders,correct diagnosis is sometimes difficult.In the present case,the whole exome sequencing of blood found no germline mutation,but the sequencing of the biopsy specimen revealed a novel potential pathogenic somatic mutation,C>T at rs200881715(p.R698X)in the cspp1 gene,which may provide new insight into the mechanism of ILVEN.Patient concerns A 10-year-old girl presented with linear,pruritic,erythematous,scaly,and exophytic verrucous skin lesions on her left thigh,buttock,and hand unilaterally along Blaschko’s lines from the third day after birth.Diagnosis Biopsy revealed psoriasiform acanthosis,papillary hyperplasia with orthohyperkeratosis,and parakeratosis of squamous epithelium,which are histological characteristics of ILVEN.Interventions Owing to the large lesion size and significant refractory response to previous treatments,multiple-stage surgical resections with a tissue expander were performed.Outcomes After surgical resection and defect reconstruction with a tissue expander,the outcome was satisfactory for the patient and her family.No recurrence was detected during the follow-up visits.Conclusion ILVEN is a rare type of cutaneous hyperplastic disease,and treatment is extremely challenging.Biopsy should be performed at the diagnostician’s discretion or if refractory to conservative treatments.Timely diagnosis and surgical intervention could result in satisfactory outcomes.
文摘Verrucous hemangioma (VH) is an uncommon, congenital, vascular anomaly that resembles angiokeratoma but it encompasses distinctive clinicopathological features. The differential diagnosis of this entity included all the hyperkeratotic vascular tumors and malformations and, especially in localized cases, pigmented lesions. VH lesions initially present at birth, and therefore, the diagnosis in the elderly may be difficult. We present a 77 year-old patient with a birth lesion on the back of his calf who came to the clinic with a two year history of enlargement of this lesion following trauma. We performed an excisional biopsy because clinical appearance simulated melanoma arising from a congenital nevus. Nevertheless, the histopathological examination revealed a verrucous hemangioma. A diagnosis of VH should be considered in erythematous papules, nodules, and plaques, especially those that are hyperkeratotic, present at birth, located on the lower extremities, and show growth after trauma or infection.
文摘Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia is an intriguing disease, which occurs particularly in women aged greater than 60 years, is not associated with tobacco and alcohol, and has a high risk of recurrence and malignant transformation. Although it is well known that the typical presentation is characterized by multifocal and verrucous white lesions, there is no description that its initial clinical presentation may simulate a lichenoid reaction.
文摘Background:There have been few studies in the English literature regarding verrucous gastritis(VG).The present study investigated the clinical and endoscopic features of verrucous antral gastritis,especially focusing on Helicobacter pylori infection,nutrition,and gastric atrophy.Methods:We performed a retrospective study of patients who underwent routine endoscopy with indigo carmine chromoendoscopy and a comparative study was conducted between VG-positive and VG-negative groups.VG was subdivided into classical and numerous types based on the number and distribution of verrucous lesions.Demographic,clinical,and endoscopic data including body mass index(BMI),serum albumin and cholesterol,gastric atrophy,reflux oesophagitis,Barrett’s oesophagus,and H.pylori status were collected.Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors associated with VG.Results:We analysed the data of 621 patients undergoing routine endoscopy and found that VG(n=352)was significantly associated with increased BMI(1.12[1.05-1.18],P<0.01),reflux esophagitis(1.96[1.10-3.28],P<0.01),and H.pylori negativity with or without a history of eradication(9.94[6.00-16.47]and 6.12[3.51-10.68],P<0.001,respectively).Numerous-type(n=163)VG was associated with both closed-and open-type gastric atrophy(9.9[4.04-21.37]and 8.10[3.41-19.24],P<0.001,respectively).There were no statistical differences between groups regarding age,sex,total cholesterol,albumin,and bile-colored gastric juice.Conclusions:Verrucous antral gastritis was related to increased BMI,reflux esophagitis,and H.pylori negativity.Numerous-type verrucous lesions were associated with gastric atrophy.These indicate that VG may be a physiological phenomenon due to high gastric acidity,mechanical overload,and vulnerability of background mucosa.
文摘Introduction:Verrucous carcinoma is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma.It generally grows exogenously and bone erosion is rare.Here we present a case of verrucous carcinoma on the foot with toe absence.Case presentation:A 64-year-old man presented with a 6-year history of a slowly growing exogenous hyperkeratotic verrucous lesion on the right fifth toe,which had been absent for 1year.Before the lesion appeared,he had undergone nail extraction on this toe.The culture of fungi and mycobacteria were negative.Three-dimensional computed tomography showed that the fifth toe of the right foot was absent.Histopathological examination showed that the lesion was exogenous and verrucous and exhibited moderate keratinocyte hyperplasia.Combined with clinical manifestation and histopathological examination,verrucous carcinoma is suggested.The lesion was surgically excised,and the patient was followed up for more than 6months without recurrence.Discussion:Verrucous carcinoma is an exophytic tumor with verrucous growth at the beginning,which can invade deep tissues and even cause limb mutilation.When encountering a patient with a wart-like plaque on the foot that responds poorly to conventional treatments,clinicians should maintain a high degree of clinical vigilance and a low threshold for biopsy.Conclusion:We observed a rare outcome of toe absence associated with verrucous carcinoma.Therefore,early diagnosis of verrucous carcinoma is very important.Surgical excision is an effective treatment at present.Extensive resection is usually required to avoid recurrence.
文摘An epidermal nevus(EN)is a common disease of various types,including verrucous EN,nevus sebaceous,inflammatory linear verrucous EN,Becker nevus,smooth muscle hamartoma,and nevus comedonicus.EN syndrome is a serious and difficult-to-treat syndrome that is complicated by two or more abnormal organs or systems.To date,the mechanism of an EN is still unclear,and the therapies remain unsatisfactory.The most frequently used treatments are surgery and laser therapy.Several drugs have also been tested.An EN requires more attention,and further research is needed to provide appropriate and effective treatments for each patient.
文摘Chromoblastomycosis can also cause severe but usually superficial lesions on the legs.Like other deep mycosis, this chronic and disabling condition is seen in many tropical regions,including Argentina,where this man was infected.We describe the spatial epidemiology and identify risk factors for disease.
文摘Melanoma and non-melanoma cutaneous malignancies are some of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the United States.Though melanoma is more known to have a high mortality rate,the total mortality per year is nearly equal for between melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer.Moreover,the non-melanoma types of cutaneous malignancies have potential to become locally invasive and even metastasize with very little to no treatment options when advanced.The development of these malignancies involves various genetic pathways through the four hallmarks of cancer development:malignant cell growth,apoptosis evasion,the use of supporting stroma and vascularization,and modulating and promoting an inadequate immune response.The genetic signaling pathways of basal cell carcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma,verrucous carcinoma,basosquamous cell carcinoma,melanoma,and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma interact with each other through genetic predisposition as well as with environmental exposures.Furthermore,solar ultraviolet radiation and chronic inflammatory states are found to initiate the progression of many of these cutaneous malignancies.This paper includes validated models of genetic pathways,emerging pathways,and crosstalk between genetic pathways through the four hallmarks of cancer development.Moreover,unlike most reviews addressing oncogenetics of the well-recognized,as well as newly discovered,genetic pathway mutations,this review stresses that these pathways are not fixed but rather exist in dynamic,interrelated,interactive,complex,and adaptive flux states.
