Tillage represents an important practice that is used to dynamically regulate soil properties,and affects the grain production process and resource use efficiency of crops.The objectives of this 3-year field study car...Tillage represents an important practice that is used to dynamically regulate soil properties,and affects the grain production process and resource use efficiency of crops.The objectives of this 3-year field study carried out in the Huang-Huai-Hai(HHH) Plain of China were to compare the effects of a new deep vertical rotary tillage (DVRT) with the conventional shallow rotary tillage (CT) on soil properties,winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency at different productivity levels,and to identify a comprehensive management that optimizes both grain yield and resource use efficiency in the HHH Plain.A split-plot design was adopted in field experiments in the winter wheat growing seasons of 2016–2017 (S1),2017–2018 (S2) and 2018–2019 (S3),with DVRT (conducted once in June 2016) and CT performed in the main plots.Subplots were treated with one of four targeted productivity level treatments (SH,the super high productivity level;HH,the high productivity and high efficiency productivity level;FP,the farmer productivity level;ISP,the inherent soil productivity level).The results showed that the soil bulk density was reduced and the soil water content at the anthesis stage was increased in all three years,which were due to the significant effects of DVRT.Compared with CT,grain yields,partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFP_(N)),and water use efficiency (WUE) under DVRT were increased by 22.0,14.5 and 19.0%.Path analysis and direct correlation decomposition uncovered that grain yield variation of winter wheat was mostly contributed by the spike numbers per area under different tillage modes.General line model analysis revealed that tillage mode played a significant role on grain yield,PFP_(N) and WUE not only as a single factor,but also along with other factors(year and productivity level) in interaction manners.In addition,PFP_(N) and WUE were the highest in HH under DVRT in all three growth seasons.These results provided a theoretical basis and technical support for coordinating the high yield with high resource use efficiency of winter wheat in the resource-restricted region in the HHH Plain of China.展开更多
为探究立式旋耕(30 cm±5 cm)下氮肥减施对小麦品质的影响,研究了2017—2018、2018—2019年两个小麦生长季立式旋耕下CK(300 kg N·hm^(-2))与减氮10%(RF10)、20%(RF20)、30%(RF30)处理小麦品质变化,测定项目包括籽粒品质和面...为探究立式旋耕(30 cm±5 cm)下氮肥减施对小麦品质的影响,研究了2017—2018、2018—2019年两个小麦生长季立式旋耕下CK(300 kg N·hm^(-2))与减氮10%(RF10)、20%(RF20)、30%(RF30)处理小麦品质变化,测定项目包括籽粒品质和面粉流变特性、拉伸性能等。结果表明:与CK相比,RF10处理小麦籽粒蛋白质含量当季略增,连续减施第二季则显著下降12.2%;RF20、RF30两季均下降,且RF30当季显著下降11.6%,RF20第二季显著下降11.1%。RF10、RF20湿面筋含量与CK比,当季略升,第二季下降;RF30两季均下降,且当季与CK差异显著,降幅为10.8%。氮肥减施后面粉吸水量呈增加趋势,面团形成时间呈缩短趋势;面团稳定时间与CK比均缩短,RF20、RF30与CK差异显著。RF10、RF20面团弱化度较CK均升高,RF30当季显著升高,第二季下降。RF10、RF20面粉能量值当季升高,第二季下降;RF30两季均下降。氮肥减施对籽粒容重、出粉率、拉伸阻力及延伸性等影响规律性不明显。研究表明,减施10%、20%氮肥能实现减肥不降产,对当季小麦品质影响不大,连续减施则影响小麦品质;减施30%氮肥时小麦产量有降低趋势,且品质有所下降。展开更多
基金supported and funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300105,2017YFD03002 and 2016YFD0300106)the Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province,China(20326403D)。
文摘Tillage represents an important practice that is used to dynamically regulate soil properties,and affects the grain production process and resource use efficiency of crops.The objectives of this 3-year field study carried out in the Huang-Huai-Hai(HHH) Plain of China were to compare the effects of a new deep vertical rotary tillage (DVRT) with the conventional shallow rotary tillage (CT) on soil properties,winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency at different productivity levels,and to identify a comprehensive management that optimizes both grain yield and resource use efficiency in the HHH Plain.A split-plot design was adopted in field experiments in the winter wheat growing seasons of 2016–2017 (S1),2017–2018 (S2) and 2018–2019 (S3),with DVRT (conducted once in June 2016) and CT performed in the main plots.Subplots were treated with one of four targeted productivity level treatments (SH,the super high productivity level;HH,the high productivity and high efficiency productivity level;FP,the farmer productivity level;ISP,the inherent soil productivity level).The results showed that the soil bulk density was reduced and the soil water content at the anthesis stage was increased in all three years,which were due to the significant effects of DVRT.Compared with CT,grain yields,partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFP_(N)),and water use efficiency (WUE) under DVRT were increased by 22.0,14.5 and 19.0%.Path analysis and direct correlation decomposition uncovered that grain yield variation of winter wheat was mostly contributed by the spike numbers per area under different tillage modes.General line model analysis revealed that tillage mode played a significant role on grain yield,PFP_(N) and WUE not only as a single factor,but also along with other factors(year and productivity level) in interaction manners.In addition,PFP_(N) and WUE were the highest in HH under DVRT in all three growth seasons.These results provided a theoretical basis and technical support for coordinating the high yield with high resource use efficiency of winter wheat in the resource-restricted region in the HHH Plain of China.
文摘为探究立式旋耕(30 cm±5 cm)下氮肥减施对小麦品质的影响,研究了2017—2018、2018—2019年两个小麦生长季立式旋耕下CK(300 kg N·hm^(-2))与减氮10%(RF10)、20%(RF20)、30%(RF30)处理小麦品质变化,测定项目包括籽粒品质和面粉流变特性、拉伸性能等。结果表明:与CK相比,RF10处理小麦籽粒蛋白质含量当季略增,连续减施第二季则显著下降12.2%;RF20、RF30两季均下降,且RF30当季显著下降11.6%,RF20第二季显著下降11.1%。RF10、RF20湿面筋含量与CK比,当季略升,第二季下降;RF30两季均下降,且当季与CK差异显著,降幅为10.8%。氮肥减施后面粉吸水量呈增加趋势,面团形成时间呈缩短趋势;面团稳定时间与CK比均缩短,RF20、RF30与CK差异显著。RF10、RF20面团弱化度较CK均升高,RF30当季显著升高,第二季下降。RF10、RF20面粉能量值当季升高,第二季下降;RF30两季均下降。氮肥减施对籽粒容重、出粉率、拉伸阻力及延伸性等影响规律性不明显。研究表明,减施10%、20%氮肥能实现减肥不降产,对当季小麦品质影响不大,连续减施则影响小麦品质;减施30%氮肥时小麦产量有降低趋势,且品质有所下降。
