Objective:To explore the mechanism by which icariin alleviates viral myocarditis.Methods:CVB3-induced cardiomyocytes were used as an in vitro model of viral myocarditis to assess the effects of icariin treatment on ce...Objective:To explore the mechanism by which icariin alleviates viral myocarditis.Methods:CVB3-induced cardiomyocytes were used as an in vitro model of viral myocarditis to assess the effects of icariin treatment on cell viability,inflammation,and apoptosis.Moreover,the effects of icariin on ferroptosis and TLR4 signaling were assessed.After AC16 cells were transfected with TLR4 overexpression plasmids,the role of TLR4 in mediating the regulatory effect of icariin in viral myocarditis was investigated.Results:Icariin significantly elevated cell viability and reduced inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,and IL-18.Flow cytometry revealed that icariin decreased apoptosis rate,and the protein expression of Bax and cleaved caspase 3 and 9 in CVB3-induced cardiomyocytes.Additionally,it suppressed ferroptosis including lipid peroxidation and ferrous ion,as well as the TLR4 signaling.However,TLR4 overexpression abrogated the modulatory effects of icariin.Conclusions:Icariin mitigates CVB3-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting TLR4-mediated ferroptosis.Further animal study is needed to verify its efficacy.展开更多
Objective To study the role of persistent viral infection in the mechanism of viral myocarditis. Methods A mice model of CVB3m viral myocarditis wes made and the viral RNA in mice myocardium and whole bind sample wes ...Objective To study the role of persistent viral infection in the mechanism of viral myocarditis. Methods A mice model of CVB3m viral myocarditis wes made and the viral RNA in mice myocardium and whole bind sample wes tested by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR ) technique. The pathological changes in mice myocardium were determined. Results De day 3, the viral gene in whole bind and myocardium wes found, which portly became negative on day 8, but the change of myocardial anthology borne obvious. Although the bind specimens wers tested negatively on day 12, the viral gene in mice myocardium remained positive within 120d. Conclusion This study indicates that persistent viral infection plays a role in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis.展开更多
Modem medical treatment of viral myocarditis by suppressing viral replication and improving cardiomyocyte metabolism has a good effect on the acute infectious period of viral myocarditis,but the curative rate is poor,...Modem medical treatment of viral myocarditis by suppressing viral replication and improving cardiomyocyte metabolism has a good effect on the acute infectious period of viral myocarditis,but the curative rate is poor,especially the sequelae of viral myocarditis,which often lingers for years to decades.The use of traditional Chinese medicine can achieve a certain curative effect by promoting the positive and dispelling evil spirits as well as balancing yin and yang.After long-term observation,it is found to have clear eff ect on improving myocardial injury caused by viral myocarditis.展开更多
Objective: To explore effects of Shenmai Injection(参麦注射液) combined with Meglumine Adenosine Cyclophosphate Injection on cardiac function and peripheral serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), transformi...Objective: To explore effects of Shenmai Injection(参麦注射液) combined with Meglumine Adenosine Cyclophosphate Injection on cardiac function and peripheral serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) in patients with viral myocarditis.Methods: A total of 70 patients with viral myocarditis admitted in Cardiovascular Medicine Department of our hospital from June 2016 to June 2018 were selected and divided into a control group(treated with Meglumine Adenosine Cyclophosphate Injection) and an observation group(additionally treated with Shenmai Injection(参麦注射液) on the treatment basis of the control group) according to random number method, with 35 cases in each group.Before and after the treatment, cardiac functional indexes like cardiac index(CI), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and left ventricular shortening fraction(FS), serum levels of TNF-α, TGF-β1 and IFN-γ, clinical efficacy and adverse reactions occurred in the 2 groups were recorded and compared.Results: Therapeutic effective rate in the observation group was 88.57%, higher than 68.57% in the control group(P < 0.05).After the treatment, cardiac functional indexes like CI, LVEF and FS were higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05).After the treatment, the serum expression levels of TNF-α and TGF-β1 were lower than those in the control group(P < 0.05), while the serum expression level of IFN-γ was higher than that in the control group(P < 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the adverse reaction rates between the 2 groups(P > 0.05).Conclusion: The treatment of patients with viral myocarditis by Shenmai Injection(参麦注射液) combined with Meglumine Adenosine Cyclophosphate Injection is more effective, reducing inflammation and restoring cardiac function.展开更多
In order to investigate the impairment of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid local- ization and DNA3867 (mtDNA3867) deletion and the correlation between cardiac and skeletal muscle cells in mice with viral myocarditi...In order to investigate the impairment of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid local- ization and DNA3867 (mtDNA3867) deletion and the correlation between cardiac and skeletal muscle cells in mice with viral myocarditis, 50 BALB/c mice were divided into two groups randomly. In ex- perimental group (n=40), the mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 mL Eagle liquid with CVB3 (TCID50=108), while in the control group (n=10), the mice were subjected to equal volume of Eagle liquid. The impairment of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid localization and mtDNA3867 deletion rate of cardiac and skeletal muscle were detected separately at day 3, 11 and 24 after injec- tion. The correlation of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid localization and mtDNA3867 deletion rate between cardiac and skeletal muscle cells cells was analyzed using Spearman method. At the day 3 after injection, in both cardiac and skeletal muscle cells, mtDNA3867 deletion rate was significantly higher in experimental group than in control group (P<0.05), but the localization of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid showed no difference between two groups (P>0.05). At day 11 after injec- tion, the mtDNA3867 deletion rate of both cells in experimental group was increased to the peak level (P<0.05), and the impairment of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid localization of both cells also increased markedly in experimental group as compared with control group (P>0.05). At the day 24 after injection, the impairment of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid localization and mtDNA3867 deletion of both cells showed a recovery tendency, but still severer than those at the day 3 after injec- tion (P<0.05). The impairment of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid localization and mtDNA3867 deletion were consistent and synchronistic between cardiac and skeletal muscle cells, and showed good correlations (P<0.05). The impairment of mitochondria plays an important role in the patho- genesis of viral myocarditis, and the skeletal muscle cells might act as a peripheral "window" to re- flect the mitochondrial damage of cardiac myocytes.展开更多
Acute viral myocarditis is an extremely diverse disease with a predictable good outcome with supportive therapy. The objective of this study was to look at the clinical outcome of patients receiving additional intrave...Acute viral myocarditis is an extremely diverse disease with a predictable good outcome with supportive therapy. The objective of this study was to look at the clinical outcome of patients receiving additional intravenous gamma globulin compared to those receiving conventional anti-congestive therapy alone. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective review of charts of children admitted with acute myocarditis. Group 1 was children who received intravenous gamma globulin (IVIG) along with conventional anti-congestive therapy. Group 2 were patients who received the conventional anticongestive therapy alone. Short-term outcome was survival to hospital discharge, and mid-term outcome was improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction at 6 months and one year follow-up. Results: A total of 36 patients were enrolled and 18 were males. The mean age of all patients was 2.3 ± 2.6 years and the mean duration of illness for the whole group was 6.7 ± 3.8 days. Group 1 comprised of 16 patients. There was no difference in short-term outcome with mortality of 2 patients in Group1 (12.5%) and 3(15%) in Group 2 (p = 0.2). At intermediate term follow up, recovery of ejection fraction in Group 1 was in 4/14 (28%) and in Group 2 it was 9/17 (55%) and at 12 months it was 10/13 (77%) in Group 1 and 15/16 (94%) in Group 2 (p = 0.02 and 0.19 respectively). Conclusion: Acute myocarditis has a high spontaneous cure rate. Our study did not show any significant difference in the short-term or midterm outcome between children receiving IVIG compared to those who did not.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the prevalence of viral myocarditis worldwide.Methods:We conducted a systematic search for the prevalence of the most common viruses in myocarditis and 75 studies were included for statistical...Objective:To investigate the prevalence of viral myocarditis worldwide.Methods:We conducted a systematic search for the prevalence of the most common viruses in myocarditis and 75 studies were included for statistical analysis of the prevalence of adenovirus,hepatitis C virus,cytomegalovirus,Ebola virus,human herpesvirus 6,influenza virus,parvovirus,and non-polio enteroviruses.Results:The highest prevalence was related to B19(25.0%)and non-polio enteroviruses(18%).The prevalence of human herpesvirus 6,cytomegalovirus,and Ebola virus was12.8%,5.5%,and 3.1%,respectively.Hepatitis C virus accounted for 6.1%of the disease,the adenoviruses contributed to 5.2%of viral myocarditis.The lowest incidence was related to the influenza virus with 2.0%.Conclusions:Treatment of myocarditis is still problematic and may depend on the etiologic diagnosis.So it is important to know the commonly occurring viral factors in myocarditis and timely diagnosis and treatment are also imperative.展开更多
Objective: To observe the effect of Astragalus Injection (Al) on levels of blood selenium (Se) and cytokines, and T cellular immune function with viral myocarditis (VM) in children. Methods: Eighty children with VM we...Objective: To observe the effect of Astragalus Injection (Al) on levels of blood selenium (Se) and cytokines, and T cellular immune function with viral myocarditis (VM) in children. Methods: Eighty children with VM were randomly divided into 2 groups. The control group consisted of 38 patients, to whom conventional therapy, including energy mixture, vitamin C and coenzyme Q10, etc. were given. The treated group (n = 42), to whom combination therapy of conventional therapy and AI were given. The levels of blood Se and cytokine, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and also evaluation of T lymphocyte subsets and cardiac function were observed. Results: The results showed that after treatment, the levels of blood Se were significantly higher (P<0.01), while IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly lower (P<0.01) than those before treatment in the control group. The left ventricular end diameter (LVED) were significantly decreased (P<0.01), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) were significantly increased than those before treatment in the treated group(P<0.01, P<0.05). T lymphocyte subsets got normalized (P<0.01), and compared with the control group, the difference was significant ( P <0.01 ). Conclusion. Astragalus membranaceus possesses anti-viral effect, adjusts the balance of cytokine and T cellular immunity, and improves the clinical manifestation and cardiac function. It is an effective approach in treating viral myocarditis.展开更多
Objective To investigate perfect therapeutic measure of Chinese traditional herbs through observing curative effect of single dose traditional Chinese medicine on murine viral myocarditis(VMC).Method Balb/C mice were ...Objective To investigate perfect therapeutic measure of Chinese traditional herbs through observing curative effect of single dose traditional Chinese medicine on murine viral myocarditis(VMC).Method Balb/C mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with diluted solution of coxsackievirus B3(CVB3) , and then were divided into three groups randomly: infected control group, Mongolian milkvetch root treated group; Indigowood treated group. The mice were put to death and their hearts were examined on day 3,5,7,10,14,21 post inoculated, and were stained with hemotoxylin and eosin(HE) to observe myocardial lesions and to estimate myocardial histopathological scores, simultaneously to separate virus from myocardium. In addition, we observed myocardial ultrastructure by electron microscopy on 7th day post inoculated. Result Compared with infected control group, myocardial histopathological scores of both Mongolian milkvetch root treated group from 5th day to 21st day post inoculated and Indigowood treated group on 5th day and 7th day post inoculated showed significant decrease(P< 0.05).Conclusion Mongolian milkvetch root could protect myocardial cells.展开更多
Objective To investigate the dynamic change of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) in murine model ofchronic myocarditis and revel the molecular mechanism of the persistent infection of the tirus.Methods Strand - specific RT- PC...Objective To investigate the dynamic change of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) in murine model ofchronic myocarditis and revel the molecular mechanism of the persistent infection of the tirus.Methods Strand - specific RT- PCR(ssRT- PCR), quantitative RT- PCR (qRT - PCR) and multiplexRT- PCR(mRT- PCR). Results The positive strand of CVB3 RNA existed in heart tissue up to 3 monthsalthough its amount decreased by 103～4 folds from acute to chronic phase. The negative strand RNA for virusreplication kept its amount on la moleculars per gram heart tissue. Some conserved areas of virus RNA 5’NTRand 3’NTR were lost in chronic phase. Conclusion The virus kept replication during the whole phase ofmyocarditis and speeded down on chronic period in the status of persistent infection. That may be due to theterminal lose of CVB RNA.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Shengmai Powder (SMP, 生脉散) in treating acute viral myocarditis objectively. Methods: One hundred and twenty-four patients with acute viral myocarditis were randomized...Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Shengmai Powder (SMP, 生脉散) in treating acute viral myocarditis objectively. Methods: One hundred and twenty-four patients with acute viral myocarditis were randomized into the treated group (SMG, n=64) and the control group(CG, n=60 ). Such myocardial nutrient medicine as ATP, CoA, Vit-C, were given to both groups. And to the treated group, 40 ml of Shengmai Injection per day was given intravenously for 2 weeks, which was followed by oral intake of Shengmai granule, one package three times daily for another 2 weeks in total. The same anti-arrhythmia agents were applied to both groups, and no fructose-1, 6-diphosphate (FDP) for either. Semi-quantitative scoring method was adopted to observe such symptoms as chest stuffiness, palpitation and chest pain before treatment and four weeks after treatment. Meanwhile, ECG, dynamic ECG by Holter monitor, left ventricular enddiastolic dimension (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), serum neutralizing antibody of virus Coxsackie B, cardiac troponin I (cTnl) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were examined. Results: (1) Compared with the control group, more significant improvement was got in SMG in respects of chest stuffiness, palpitation, chest pain and arrhythmia ( P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). (2) Negative converting rates of cTnl , cTnT in the two groups were 59.46% vs 35.48%, 68.75% vs 42.31% respectively (P＜0.05). (3) LVEDD before and after treatment in SMG was 52.44±3.40 mm and 48.81± 2.23mm respectively, while that in the control group was 52.31±3.74 mm and 49.92±2.67mm respectively; LVEF before and after treatment in SMG was 60.67±4.62 % and 65.02±4.16 % respectively, while that in the control group was 60.91± 4.26 % and 63.67±3.17 %. There was obvious improvement in the two parameters in both groups, but the improvement in SMG was superior to that in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: SMP shows a good effect in improving clinical symptoms and signs, heart function, abnormal ECG and inflammatory injury inde xes in patients with acute viral myocarditis.展开更多
Objective: To study the clinical value of high-dose VitC + immunoglobulin for the treatment of viral myocarditis in children. Methods: Children who were diagnosed with viral myocarditis in the hospital between May 201...Objective: To study the clinical value of high-dose VitC + immunoglobulin for the treatment of viral myocarditis in children. Methods: Children who were diagnosed with viral myocarditis in the hospital between May 2014 and March 2017 were selected as the research subjects and divided into two groups by random number table, observation group received high-dose VitC+ immunoglobulin combined with conventional symptomatic and supportive treatment and control group received conventional symptomatic and supportive treatment. The serum levels of myocardial injury indexes, myocardial remodeling indexes and inflammatory response indexes were measured before treatment as well as at 1 week and 2 weeks after treatment. Results: 1 week and 2 weeks after treatment, serum CK-MB, cTnI, MDA, BNP, PINP, ICTP, MMP2, MMP9, TGFβ1, TNF-α, ICAM-1, MIP-1α and IL-17 levels of both groups of patients were significantly lower than those before treatment, and serum CK-MB, cTnI, MDA, BNP, PINP, ICTP, MMP2, MMP9, TGFβ1, TNF-α, ICAM-1, MIP-1α and IL-17 levels of observation group were lower than those of control group. Conclusion: High-dose VitC +immunoglobulin can reduce the myocardial damage and inhibit the myocardial remodeling and inflammatory response in children with viral myocarditis.展开更多
Objective:To study the correlation of peripheral blood IL-17A gene polymorphism with myocardial injury and MMPs/TIMPs balance in patients with viral myocarditis.Methods:A total of 80 patients who were diagnosed with v...Objective:To study the correlation of peripheral blood IL-17A gene polymorphism with myocardial injury and MMPs/TIMPs balance in patients with viral myocarditis.Methods:A total of 80 patients who were diagnosed with viral myocarditis in Dongguan Branch, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital between September 2014 and September 2017 were selected as the VMC group of the research, and 100 healthy volunteers who received physical examination in Dongguan Branch, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital during the same period were selected as the control group of the research. The peripheral blood was collected to determine the IL-17A gene rs2275913 locus polymorphism, and serum was collected to determine the contents of myocardial injury and MMPs/TIMPs indexes.Results: The proportion of IL-17A gene GG genotype of VMC group was lower than that of control group and the proportion of GA+AA genotype was higher than that of control group;serum IL-17, CK-MB, cTnI, sFas, MDA, PINP, ICTP, MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1 and TIMP2 contents of VMC group were significantly higher than those of control group, and serum IL-17, CK-MB, cTnI, sFas, MDA, PINP, ICTP, MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1 and TIMP2 contents of patients with GA+AA genotype in VMC group were higher than those of patients with GG genotype.Conclusion: The mutation of the allele G to A in the peripheral blood IL-17A gene rs2275913 locus of patients with viral myocarditis can aggravate myocardial injury and MMPs/TIMPs imbalance.展开更多
Objective:TTo study the protective effect of adenosine cyclophosphate combined with vitamin C antiviral therapy on myocardial injury in children with viral myocarditis.Methods: 88 cases of children with viral myocardi...Objective:TTo study the protective effect of adenosine cyclophosphate combined with vitamin C antiviral therapy on myocardial injury in children with viral myocarditis.Methods: 88 cases of children with viral myocarditis treated in Ningde Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between June 2014 and September 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group who received adenosine cyclophosphate combined with vitamin C antiviral therapy and conventional therapy respectively. Serum levels of myocardial injury indexes, antioxidant indexes and collagen metabolism indexes were determined.Results:1 week and 2 weeks after treatment, serum LDH, CK, CK-MB, ET-1, Ang-II, PICP and PINP contents of both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment while SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and HO-1 contents were significantly higher than those before treatment and serum LDH, CK, CK-MB, ET-1, Ang-II, PICP and PINP contents of intervention group were significantly lower than those of control group while SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and HO-1 contents were significantly higher than those of control group.Conclusion: Adenosine cyclophosphate combined with vitamin C therapy for viral myocarditis can reduce myocardial injury and improve collagen metabolism.展开更多
Myocarditis is a disease process that every emergency physician fears missing.Its severity can be mild to life-threatening,and many cases are likely undetected because they are subclinical with nonspecifi c signs.[1]S...Myocarditis is a disease process that every emergency physician fears missing.Its severity can be mild to life-threatening,and many cases are likely undetected because they are subclinical with nonspecifi c signs.[1]Subtle cardiac signs may be overshadowed by systemic symptoms of the underlying infectious process.Fever,myalgias,lethargy,symptoms commonly associated with viral syndrome,can mask the life-threatening myocarditis that may be present.In fact,in the United States Myocarditis Treatment Trial,almost 90%of patients reported symptoms consistent with a viral prodrome.[2]Ammirati et al[3]reported that 27%of patients with myocarditis had either reduced left ventricular ejection fraction,ventricular arrhythmias,or low cardiac output.Here,we present a case report,in which handheld point-of-care ultrasound was utilized at the bedside to aid in the critical diagnosis of myocarditis.With the additional information provided through this imaging modality,this patient was able to be transferred to the appropriate tertiary care facility in an expeditious manner and receive possible defi nitive treatment.展开更多
Objective Viral encephalitis is an infectious disease severely affecting human health.It is caused by a wide variety of viral pathogens,including herpes viruses,flaviviruses,enteroviruses,and other viruses.The laborat...Objective Viral encephalitis is an infectious disease severely affecting human health.It is caused by a wide variety of viral pathogens,including herpes viruses,flaviviruses,enteroviruses,and other viruses.The laboratory diagnosis of viral encephalitis is a worldwide challenge.Recently,high-throughput sequencing technology has provided new tools for diagnosing central nervous system infections.Thus,In this study,we established a multipathogen detection platform for viral encephalitis based on amplicon sequencing.Methods We designed nine pairs of specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR)primers for the 12 viruses by reviewing the relevant literature.The detection ability of the primers was verified by software simulation and the detection of known positive samples.Amplicon sequencing was used to validate the samples,and consistency was compared with Sanger sequencing.Results The results showed that the target sequences of various pathogens were obtained at a coverage depth level greater than 20×,and the sequence lengths were consistent with the sizes of the predicted amplicons.The sequences were verified using the National Center for Biotechnology Information BLAST,and all results were consistent with the results of Sanger sequencing.Conclusion Amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing technology is feasible as a supplementary method for the pathogenic detection of viral encephalitis.It is also a useful tool for the high-volume screening of clinical samples.展开更多
Aim: To explore the effect of a WeChat peer education program in children with severe viral meningitis combined with respiratory failure. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Patients who had severe viral meni...Aim: To explore the effect of a WeChat peer education program in children with severe viral meningitis combined with respiratory failure. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Patients who had severe viral meningitis combined with respiratory failure, were admitted to the hospital from March 2017 to June 2018, and who received the WeChat-based nursing intervention were included. Patients who received routine nursing were used as controls. The family’s emotional state, self-care ability, and rehabilitation were analyzed. Results: There were 37 patients in the WeChat group (19 boys (51.3%) and 18 girls (48.7%);mean of 5.1 ± 2.4 years of age) and 37 controls (20 boys (54.1%) and 17 girls (45.9%);mean of 5.9 ± 2.4 years of age) (all P > 0.05). After nursing, improvements in the self-assessed anxiety score and self-assessed depression score were better in the WeChat group (anxiety: -29.2% vs. -20.3%, P = 0.015;depression: -25.2% vs. -15.4%, P = 0.009). After nursing, the improvements in the condition management ability scale and condition management difficulty scale scores were better in the WeChat group (ability: +80.5% vs. +44.4%. P = 0.001;difficulty: +58.4% vs. +37.8%, P = 0.003). After nursing, the improvement in the Fugl-Meyer score was better in the WeChat group (+138.0% vs. +53.0%, P Conclusion: Early nursing intervention combined with WeChat peer education can improve the emotional state of children with severe viral meningitis combined with respiratory failure and their caregivers. Impact: Viral meningitis is associated with a good prognosis, but central nervous system complications can be observed. Early intervention is the key to a good prognosis. Internet-based nursing and coaching can improve self-efficacy and care ability in patients with various conditions, as well as improve the emotional state of the children and their caregivers. The research might have an impact on any children’s hospital that deals with viral meningitis.展开更多
Introduction: Viral hepatitis B (VHL) is a public health problem, particularly in sub-Sahara Africa. The aim of this study was to assess vaccination coverage against HBV in children in Brazzaville. Patients and Method...Introduction: Viral hepatitis B (VHL) is a public health problem, particularly in sub-Sahara Africa. The aim of this study was to assess vaccination coverage against HBV in children in Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in Brazzaville health centres from January to September 2019. It involved children aged between six months and six years who received a vaccination against HBV. Sampling was exhaustive and based on stratified sampling. Results: The overall prevalence of children vaccinated against HBV in Brazzaville was 96.2%. It was insufficient in the Talangai health district (79%). The pentavalent vaccine was administered to 97.7% of children, 85% of whom had received all three doses. The reasons for incomplete vaccination were parents’ ignorance of HVB (85.6%) and of vaccination (14.3%). Conclusion: Although the prevalence of vaccinated children is high in Brazzaville, it is still insufficient in some health districts, particularly Talangai, because parents are unaware of the disease and of vaccination. Pentavalent is the only vaccine available in the national vaccination programme, which is why an effective national vaccination policy needs to be put in place. .展开更多
Context and objective: Around 8% of incident cases of tuberculosis (TB) were reported among people living with HIV worldwide in 2022. Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death among people living with HIV. Africa acc...Context and objective: Around 8% of incident cases of tuberculosis (TB) were reported among people living with HIV worldwide in 2022. Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death among people living with HIV. Africa accounts for the majority of co-infection episodes, with over 50% of cases in some parts of southern Africa. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), around 9% of persons living with HIV (PLHIV) develop TB and 11% of TB patients are infected with HIV. The DRC is one of the 30 countries in the world bearing the brunt of co-infection. Despite the efforts made by countries to improve access to antiretroviral traitement (ART), TB remains a major problem among people living with HIV. The Lingwala Health Zone in the provincial city of Kinshasa recorded a large number of cases of HIV/TB co-infection during the study period. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with HIV/TB co-infection among PLHIV on ART in the Lingwala health zone (HZ) in Kinshasa. Methods: This was a case-control study conducted in the state-run HIV care facilities in the Lingwala health district among PLHIV who had visited the health facilities during the period 2021-2023. Cases were coinfected patients and controls were PLHIV who had not developed tuberculosis during the study period. Results: A total of 281 PLHIV were enrolled in the study, with 70 cases and 211 controls. Factors associated with HIV/TB co-infection after multivariate analysis were viral load (OR = 5.34;95% CI;1.8-15.8, p = 0.005). History of tuberculosis (OR = 20.84;95% CI;8.6-50.3, p -85.0, p = 0.005) and BMI Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the detection of these enumerated factors should prompt providers to actively search for tuberculosis with a view to organising early management.展开更多
A patient co-infected with COVID-19 and viral hepatitis B can be atmore risk of severe complications than the one infected with a single infection.This study develops a comprehensive stochastic model to assess the epi...A patient co-infected with COVID-19 and viral hepatitis B can be atmore risk of severe complications than the one infected with a single infection.This study develops a comprehensive stochastic model to assess the epidemiological impact of vaccine booster doses on the co-dynamics of viral hepatitis B and COVID-19.The model is fitted to real COVID-19 data from Pakistan.The proposed model incorporates logistic growth and saturated incidence functions.Rigorous analyses using the tools of stochastic calculus,are performed to study appropriate conditions for the existence of unique global solutions,stationary distribution in the sense of ergodicity and disease extinction.The stochastic threshold estimated from the data fitting is given by:R_(0)^(S)=3.0651.Numerical assessments are implemented to illustrate the impact of double-dose vaccination and saturated incidence functions on the dynamics of both diseases.The effects of stochastic white noise intensities are also highlighted.展开更多
基金supported by Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities(No.Y20212615).
文摘Objective:To explore the mechanism by which icariin alleviates viral myocarditis.Methods:CVB3-induced cardiomyocytes were used as an in vitro model of viral myocarditis to assess the effects of icariin treatment on cell viability,inflammation,and apoptosis.Moreover,the effects of icariin on ferroptosis and TLR4 signaling were assessed.After AC16 cells were transfected with TLR4 overexpression plasmids,the role of TLR4 in mediating the regulatory effect of icariin in viral myocarditis was investigated.Results:Icariin significantly elevated cell viability and reduced inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,and IL-18.Flow cytometry revealed that icariin decreased apoptosis rate,and the protein expression of Bax and cleaved caspase 3 and 9 in CVB3-induced cardiomyocytes.Additionally,it suppressed ferroptosis including lipid peroxidation and ferrous ion,as well as the TLR4 signaling.However,TLR4 overexpression abrogated the modulatory effects of icariin.Conclusions:Icariin mitigates CVB3-induced myocardial injury by inhibiting TLR4-mediated ferroptosis.Further animal study is needed to verify its efficacy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (39570314)
文摘Objective To study the role of persistent viral infection in the mechanism of viral myocarditis. Methods A mice model of CVB3m viral myocarditis wes made and the viral RNA in mice myocardium and whole bind sample wes tested by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR ) technique. The pathological changes in mice myocardium were determined. Results De day 3, the viral gene in whole bind and myocardium wes found, which portly became negative on day 8, but the change of myocardial anthology borne obvious. Although the bind specimens wers tested negatively on day 12, the viral gene in mice myocardium remained positive within 120d. Conclusion This study indicates that persistent viral infection plays a role in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis.
文摘Modem medical treatment of viral myocarditis by suppressing viral replication and improving cardiomyocyte metabolism has a good effect on the acute infectious period of viral myocarditis,but the curative rate is poor,especially the sequelae of viral myocarditis,which often lingers for years to decades.The use of traditional Chinese medicine can achieve a certain curative effect by promoting the positive and dispelling evil spirits as well as balancing yin and yang.After long-term observation,it is found to have clear eff ect on improving myocardial injury caused by viral myocarditis.
文摘Objective: To explore effects of Shenmai Injection(参麦注射液) combined with Meglumine Adenosine Cyclophosphate Injection on cardiac function and peripheral serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) in patients with viral myocarditis.Methods: A total of 70 patients with viral myocarditis admitted in Cardiovascular Medicine Department of our hospital from June 2016 to June 2018 were selected and divided into a control group(treated with Meglumine Adenosine Cyclophosphate Injection) and an observation group(additionally treated with Shenmai Injection(参麦注射液) on the treatment basis of the control group) according to random number method, with 35 cases in each group.Before and after the treatment, cardiac functional indexes like cardiac index(CI), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and left ventricular shortening fraction(FS), serum levels of TNF-α, TGF-β1 and IFN-γ, clinical efficacy and adverse reactions occurred in the 2 groups were recorded and compared.Results: Therapeutic effective rate in the observation group was 88.57%, higher than 68.57% in the control group(P < 0.05).After the treatment, cardiac functional indexes like CI, LVEF and FS were higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05).After the treatment, the serum expression levels of TNF-α and TGF-β1 were lower than those in the control group(P < 0.05), while the serum expression level of IFN-γ was higher than that in the control group(P < 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the adverse reaction rates between the 2 groups(P > 0.05).Conclusion: The treatment of patients with viral myocarditis by Shenmai Injection(参麦注射液) combined with Meglumine Adenosine Cyclophosphate Injection is more effective, reducing inflammation and restoring cardiac function.
文摘In order to investigate the impairment of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid local- ization and DNA3867 (mtDNA3867) deletion and the correlation between cardiac and skeletal muscle cells in mice with viral myocarditis, 50 BALB/c mice were divided into two groups randomly. In ex- perimental group (n=40), the mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 mL Eagle liquid with CVB3 (TCID50=108), while in the control group (n=10), the mice were subjected to equal volume of Eagle liquid. The impairment of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid localization and mtDNA3867 deletion rate of cardiac and skeletal muscle were detected separately at day 3, 11 and 24 after injec- tion. The correlation of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid localization and mtDNA3867 deletion rate between cardiac and skeletal muscle cells cells was analyzed using Spearman method. At the day 3 after injection, in both cardiac and skeletal muscle cells, mtDNA3867 deletion rate was significantly higher in experimental group than in control group (P<0.05), but the localization of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid showed no difference between two groups (P>0.05). At day 11 after injec- tion, the mtDNA3867 deletion rate of both cells in experimental group was increased to the peak level (P<0.05), and the impairment of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid localization of both cells also increased markedly in experimental group as compared with control group (P>0.05). At the day 24 after injection, the impairment of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid localization and mtDNA3867 deletion of both cells showed a recovery tendency, but still severer than those at the day 3 after injec- tion (P<0.05). The impairment of mitochondrial membrane phospholipid localization and mtDNA3867 deletion were consistent and synchronistic between cardiac and skeletal muscle cells, and showed good correlations (P<0.05). The impairment of mitochondria plays an important role in the patho- genesis of viral myocarditis, and the skeletal muscle cells might act as a peripheral "window" to re- flect the mitochondrial damage of cardiac myocytes.
文摘Acute viral myocarditis is an extremely diverse disease with a predictable good outcome with supportive therapy. The objective of this study was to look at the clinical outcome of patients receiving additional intravenous gamma globulin compared to those receiving conventional anti-congestive therapy alone. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective review of charts of children admitted with acute myocarditis. Group 1 was children who received intravenous gamma globulin (IVIG) along with conventional anti-congestive therapy. Group 2 were patients who received the conventional anticongestive therapy alone. Short-term outcome was survival to hospital discharge, and mid-term outcome was improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction at 6 months and one year follow-up. Results: A total of 36 patients were enrolled and 18 were males. The mean age of all patients was 2.3 ± 2.6 years and the mean duration of illness for the whole group was 6.7 ± 3.8 days. Group 1 comprised of 16 patients. There was no difference in short-term outcome with mortality of 2 patients in Group1 (12.5%) and 3(15%) in Group 2 (p = 0.2). At intermediate term follow up, recovery of ejection fraction in Group 1 was in 4/14 (28%) and in Group 2 it was 9/17 (55%) and at 12 months it was 10/13 (77%) in Group 1 and 15/16 (94%) in Group 2 (p = 0.02 and 0.19 respectively). Conclusion: Acute myocarditis has a high spontaneous cure rate. Our study did not show any significant difference in the short-term or midterm outcome between children receiving IVIG compared to those who did not.
文摘Objective:To investigate the prevalence of viral myocarditis worldwide.Methods:We conducted a systematic search for the prevalence of the most common viruses in myocarditis and 75 studies were included for statistical analysis of the prevalence of adenovirus,hepatitis C virus,cytomegalovirus,Ebola virus,human herpesvirus 6,influenza virus,parvovirus,and non-polio enteroviruses.Results:The highest prevalence was related to B19(25.0%)and non-polio enteroviruses(18%).The prevalence of human herpesvirus 6,cytomegalovirus,and Ebola virus was12.8%,5.5%,and 3.1%,respectively.Hepatitis C virus accounted for 6.1%of the disease,the adenoviruses contributed to 5.2%of viral myocarditis.The lowest incidence was related to the influenza virus with 2.0%.Conclusions:Treatment of myocarditis is still problematic and may depend on the etiologic diagnosis.So it is important to know the commonly occurring viral factors in myocarditis and timely diagnosis and treatment are also imperative.
文摘Objective: To observe the effect of Astragalus Injection (Al) on levels of blood selenium (Se) and cytokines, and T cellular immune function with viral myocarditis (VM) in children. Methods: Eighty children with VM were randomly divided into 2 groups. The control group consisted of 38 patients, to whom conventional therapy, including energy mixture, vitamin C and coenzyme Q10, etc. were given. The treated group (n = 42), to whom combination therapy of conventional therapy and AI were given. The levels of blood Se and cytokine, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and also evaluation of T lymphocyte subsets and cardiac function were observed. Results: The results showed that after treatment, the levels of blood Se were significantly higher (P<0.01), while IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly lower (P<0.01) than those before treatment in the control group. The left ventricular end diameter (LVED) were significantly decreased (P<0.01), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) were significantly increased than those before treatment in the treated group(P<0.01, P<0.05). T lymphocyte subsets got normalized (P<0.01), and compared with the control group, the difference was significant ( P <0.01 ). Conclusion. Astragalus membranaceus possesses anti-viral effect, adjusts the balance of cytokine and T cellular immunity, and improves the clinical manifestation and cardiac function. It is an effective approach in treating viral myocarditis.
文摘Objective To investigate perfect therapeutic measure of Chinese traditional herbs through observing curative effect of single dose traditional Chinese medicine on murine viral myocarditis(VMC).Method Balb/C mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with diluted solution of coxsackievirus B3(CVB3) , and then were divided into three groups randomly: infected control group, Mongolian milkvetch root treated group; Indigowood treated group. The mice were put to death and their hearts were examined on day 3,5,7,10,14,21 post inoculated, and were stained with hemotoxylin and eosin(HE) to observe myocardial lesions and to estimate myocardial histopathological scores, simultaneously to separate virus from myocardium. In addition, we observed myocardial ultrastructure by electron microscopy on 7th day post inoculated. Result Compared with infected control group, myocardial histopathological scores of both Mongolian milkvetch root treated group from 5th day to 21st day post inoculated and Indigowood treated group on 5th day and 7th day post inoculated showed significant decrease(P< 0.05).Conclusion Mongolian milkvetch root could protect myocardial cells.
文摘Objective To investigate the dynamic change of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) in murine model ofchronic myocarditis and revel the molecular mechanism of the persistent infection of the tirus.Methods Strand - specific RT- PCR(ssRT- PCR), quantitative RT- PCR (qRT - PCR) and multiplexRT- PCR(mRT- PCR). Results The positive strand of CVB3 RNA existed in heart tissue up to 3 monthsalthough its amount decreased by 103～4 folds from acute to chronic phase. The negative strand RNA for virusreplication kept its amount on la moleculars per gram heart tissue. Some conserved areas of virus RNA 5’NTRand 3’NTR were lost in chronic phase. Conclusion The virus kept replication during the whole phase ofmyocarditis and speeded down on chronic period in the status of persistent infection. That may be due to theterminal lose of CVB RNA.
基金This project was enlisted as one item of the National Ninth 5-Year Projects (No. 96-90602-13)
文摘Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Shengmai Powder (SMP, 生脉散) in treating acute viral myocarditis objectively. Methods: One hundred and twenty-four patients with acute viral myocarditis were randomized into the treated group (SMG, n=64) and the control group(CG, n=60 ). Such myocardial nutrient medicine as ATP, CoA, Vit-C, were given to both groups. And to the treated group, 40 ml of Shengmai Injection per day was given intravenously for 2 weeks, which was followed by oral intake of Shengmai granule, one package three times daily for another 2 weeks in total. The same anti-arrhythmia agents were applied to both groups, and no fructose-1, 6-diphosphate (FDP) for either. Semi-quantitative scoring method was adopted to observe such symptoms as chest stuffiness, palpitation and chest pain before treatment and four weeks after treatment. Meanwhile, ECG, dynamic ECG by Holter monitor, left ventricular enddiastolic dimension (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), serum neutralizing antibody of virus Coxsackie B, cardiac troponin I (cTnl) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were examined. Results: (1) Compared with the control group, more significant improvement was got in SMG in respects of chest stuffiness, palpitation, chest pain and arrhythmia ( P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). (2) Negative converting rates of cTnl , cTnT in the two groups were 59.46% vs 35.48%, 68.75% vs 42.31% respectively (P＜0.05). (3) LVEDD before and after treatment in SMG was 52.44±3.40 mm and 48.81± 2.23mm respectively, while that in the control group was 52.31±3.74 mm and 49.92±2.67mm respectively; LVEF before and after treatment in SMG was 60.67±4.62 % and 65.02±4.16 % respectively, while that in the control group was 60.91± 4.26 % and 63.67±3.17 %. There was obvious improvement in the two parameters in both groups, but the improvement in SMG was superior to that in the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion: SMP shows a good effect in improving clinical symptoms and signs, heart function, abnormal ECG and inflammatory injury inde xes in patients with acute viral myocarditis.
文摘Objective: To study the clinical value of high-dose VitC + immunoglobulin for the treatment of viral myocarditis in children. Methods: Children who were diagnosed with viral myocarditis in the hospital between May 2014 and March 2017 were selected as the research subjects and divided into two groups by random number table, observation group received high-dose VitC+ immunoglobulin combined with conventional symptomatic and supportive treatment and control group received conventional symptomatic and supportive treatment. The serum levels of myocardial injury indexes, myocardial remodeling indexes and inflammatory response indexes were measured before treatment as well as at 1 week and 2 weeks after treatment. Results: 1 week and 2 weeks after treatment, serum CK-MB, cTnI, MDA, BNP, PINP, ICTP, MMP2, MMP9, TGFβ1, TNF-α, ICAM-1, MIP-1α and IL-17 levels of both groups of patients were significantly lower than those before treatment, and serum CK-MB, cTnI, MDA, BNP, PINP, ICTP, MMP2, MMP9, TGFβ1, TNF-α, ICAM-1, MIP-1α and IL-17 levels of observation group were lower than those of control group. Conclusion: High-dose VitC +immunoglobulin can reduce the myocardial damage and inhibit the myocardial remodeling and inflammatory response in children with viral myocarditis.
文摘Objective:To study the correlation of peripheral blood IL-17A gene polymorphism with myocardial injury and MMPs/TIMPs balance in patients with viral myocarditis.Methods:A total of 80 patients who were diagnosed with viral myocarditis in Dongguan Branch, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital between September 2014 and September 2017 were selected as the VMC group of the research, and 100 healthy volunteers who received physical examination in Dongguan Branch, Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital during the same period were selected as the control group of the research. The peripheral blood was collected to determine the IL-17A gene rs2275913 locus polymorphism, and serum was collected to determine the contents of myocardial injury and MMPs/TIMPs indexes.Results: The proportion of IL-17A gene GG genotype of VMC group was lower than that of control group and the proportion of GA+AA genotype was higher than that of control group;serum IL-17, CK-MB, cTnI, sFas, MDA, PINP, ICTP, MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1 and TIMP2 contents of VMC group were significantly higher than those of control group, and serum IL-17, CK-MB, cTnI, sFas, MDA, PINP, ICTP, MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1 and TIMP2 contents of patients with GA+AA genotype in VMC group were higher than those of patients with GG genotype.Conclusion: The mutation of the allele G to A in the peripheral blood IL-17A gene rs2275913 locus of patients with viral myocarditis can aggravate myocardial injury and MMPs/TIMPs imbalance.
文摘Objective:TTo study the protective effect of adenosine cyclophosphate combined with vitamin C antiviral therapy on myocardial injury in children with viral myocarditis.Methods: 88 cases of children with viral myocarditis treated in Ningde Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine between June 2014 and September 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group who received adenosine cyclophosphate combined with vitamin C antiviral therapy and conventional therapy respectively. Serum levels of myocardial injury indexes, antioxidant indexes and collagen metabolism indexes were determined.Results:1 week and 2 weeks after treatment, serum LDH, CK, CK-MB, ET-1, Ang-II, PICP and PINP contents of both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment while SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and HO-1 contents were significantly higher than those before treatment and serum LDH, CK, CK-MB, ET-1, Ang-II, PICP and PINP contents of intervention group were significantly lower than those of control group while SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and HO-1 contents were significantly higher than those of control group.Conclusion: Adenosine cyclophosphate combined with vitamin C therapy for viral myocarditis can reduce myocardial injury and improve collagen metabolism.
文摘Myocarditis is a disease process that every emergency physician fears missing.Its severity can be mild to life-threatening,and many cases are likely undetected because they are subclinical with nonspecifi c signs.[1]Subtle cardiac signs may be overshadowed by systemic symptoms of the underlying infectious process.Fever,myalgias,lethargy,symptoms commonly associated with viral syndrome,can mask the life-threatening myocarditis that may be present.In fact,in the United States Myocarditis Treatment Trial,almost 90%of patients reported symptoms consistent with a viral prodrome.[2]Ammirati et al[3]reported that 27%of patients with myocarditis had either reduced left ventricular ejection fraction,ventricular arrhythmias,or low cardiac output.Here,we present a case report,in which handheld point-of-care ultrasound was utilized at the bedside to aid in the critical diagnosis of myocarditis.With the additional information provided through this imaging modality,this patient was able to be transferred to the appropriate tertiary care facility in an expeditious manner and receive possible defi nitive treatment.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(grant number:2022YFC2305304).
文摘Objective Viral encephalitis is an infectious disease severely affecting human health.It is caused by a wide variety of viral pathogens,including herpes viruses,flaviviruses,enteroviruses,and other viruses.The laboratory diagnosis of viral encephalitis is a worldwide challenge.Recently,high-throughput sequencing technology has provided new tools for diagnosing central nervous system infections.Thus,In this study,we established a multipathogen detection platform for viral encephalitis based on amplicon sequencing.Methods We designed nine pairs of specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR)primers for the 12 viruses by reviewing the relevant literature.The detection ability of the primers was verified by software simulation and the detection of known positive samples.Amplicon sequencing was used to validate the samples,and consistency was compared with Sanger sequencing.Results The results showed that the target sequences of various pathogens were obtained at a coverage depth level greater than 20×,and the sequence lengths were consistent with the sizes of the predicted amplicons.The sequences were verified using the National Center for Biotechnology Information BLAST,and all results were consistent with the results of Sanger sequencing.Conclusion Amplicon-based high-throughput sequencing technology is feasible as a supplementary method for the pathogenic detection of viral encephalitis.It is also a useful tool for the high-volume screening of clinical samples.
文摘Aim: To explore the effect of a WeChat peer education program in children with severe viral meningitis combined with respiratory failure. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Patients who had severe viral meningitis combined with respiratory failure, were admitted to the hospital from March 2017 to June 2018, and who received the WeChat-based nursing intervention were included. Patients who received routine nursing were used as controls. The family’s emotional state, self-care ability, and rehabilitation were analyzed. Results: There were 37 patients in the WeChat group (19 boys (51.3%) and 18 girls (48.7%);mean of 5.1 ± 2.4 years of age) and 37 controls (20 boys (54.1%) and 17 girls (45.9%);mean of 5.9 ± 2.4 years of age) (all P > 0.05). After nursing, improvements in the self-assessed anxiety score and self-assessed depression score were better in the WeChat group (anxiety: -29.2% vs. -20.3%, P = 0.015;depression: -25.2% vs. -15.4%, P = 0.009). After nursing, the improvements in the condition management ability scale and condition management difficulty scale scores were better in the WeChat group (ability: +80.5% vs. +44.4%. P = 0.001;difficulty: +58.4% vs. +37.8%, P = 0.003). After nursing, the improvement in the Fugl-Meyer score was better in the WeChat group (+138.0% vs. +53.0%, P Conclusion: Early nursing intervention combined with WeChat peer education can improve the emotional state of children with severe viral meningitis combined with respiratory failure and their caregivers. Impact: Viral meningitis is associated with a good prognosis, but central nervous system complications can be observed. Early intervention is the key to a good prognosis. Internet-based nursing and coaching can improve self-efficacy and care ability in patients with various conditions, as well as improve the emotional state of the children and their caregivers. The research might have an impact on any children’s hospital that deals with viral meningitis.
文摘Introduction: Viral hepatitis B (VHL) is a public health problem, particularly in sub-Sahara Africa. The aim of this study was to assess vaccination coverage against HBV in children in Brazzaville. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in Brazzaville health centres from January to September 2019. It involved children aged between six months and six years who received a vaccination against HBV. Sampling was exhaustive and based on stratified sampling. Results: The overall prevalence of children vaccinated against HBV in Brazzaville was 96.2%. It was insufficient in the Talangai health district (79%). The pentavalent vaccine was administered to 97.7% of children, 85% of whom had received all three doses. The reasons for incomplete vaccination were parents’ ignorance of HVB (85.6%) and of vaccination (14.3%). Conclusion: Although the prevalence of vaccinated children is high in Brazzaville, it is still insufficient in some health districts, particularly Talangai, because parents are unaware of the disease and of vaccination. Pentavalent is the only vaccine available in the national vaccination programme, which is why an effective national vaccination policy needs to be put in place. .
文摘Context and objective: Around 8% of incident cases of tuberculosis (TB) were reported among people living with HIV worldwide in 2022. Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death among people living with HIV. Africa accounts for the majority of co-infection episodes, with over 50% of cases in some parts of southern Africa. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), around 9% of persons living with HIV (PLHIV) develop TB and 11% of TB patients are infected with HIV. The DRC is one of the 30 countries in the world bearing the brunt of co-infection. Despite the efforts made by countries to improve access to antiretroviral traitement (ART), TB remains a major problem among people living with HIV. The Lingwala Health Zone in the provincial city of Kinshasa recorded a large number of cases of HIV/TB co-infection during the study period. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with HIV/TB co-infection among PLHIV on ART in the Lingwala health zone (HZ) in Kinshasa. Methods: This was a case-control study conducted in the state-run HIV care facilities in the Lingwala health district among PLHIV who had visited the health facilities during the period 2021-2023. Cases were coinfected patients and controls were PLHIV who had not developed tuberculosis during the study period. Results: A total of 281 PLHIV were enrolled in the study, with 70 cases and 211 controls. Factors associated with HIV/TB co-infection after multivariate analysis were viral load (OR = 5.34;95% CI;1.8-15.8, p = 0.005). History of tuberculosis (OR = 20.84;95% CI;8.6-50.3, p -85.0, p = 0.005) and BMI Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the detection of these enumerated factors should prompt providers to actively search for tuberculosis with a view to organising early management.
文摘A patient co-infected with COVID-19 and viral hepatitis B can be atmore risk of severe complications than the one infected with a single infection.This study develops a comprehensive stochastic model to assess the epidemiological impact of vaccine booster doses on the co-dynamics of viral hepatitis B and COVID-19.The model is fitted to real COVID-19 data from Pakistan.The proposed model incorporates logistic growth and saturated incidence functions.Rigorous analyses using the tools of stochastic calculus,are performed to study appropriate conditions for the existence of unique global solutions,stationary distribution in the sense of ergodicity and disease extinction.The stochastic threshold estimated from the data fitting is given by:R_(0)^(S)=3.0651.Numerical assessments are implemented to illustrate the impact of double-dose vaccination and saturated incidence functions on the dynamics of both diseases.The effects of stochastic white noise intensities are also highlighted.
