Kosteletzkya virginica(K.virginica)is used for revegetation of salt-affected coastal tidal flats and as a raw material of biodiesel.K.virginica root tuber,a biowaste with low economic value,is rich in bioactive compou...Kosteletzkya virginica(K.virginica)is used for revegetation of salt-affected coastal tidal flats and as a raw material of biodiesel.K.virginica root tuber,a biowaste with low economic value,is rich in bioactive compounds.This study aimed to extract and identify flavonoids from K.virginica root tubers.The optimal extraction conditions were 1/25(w/v)solid/liquid ratio,40%ethanol concentration at 40℃ for 60 min.Under these conditions,65.2±3.7 mg/g total flavonoid content was extracted from the roots,which were collected from salinized soil in late autumn of the third year.Antioxidant activity was evaluated through 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,hydroxyl radical,and superoxide anion scavenging assays.The extracted flavonoids exhibited antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner.Five flavonoids,glucoliquiritin apioside,licoisoflavone B,5-methoxy-7,8-diprenylflavone,7,2′-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl-4′,5′-methylenedioxyflavan,and 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3′-methoxy-6,8-di-Cmethylflavanone,were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.Our results suggest that the flavonoids of K.virginica root tubers might be potent antioxidants and can be effectively applied as an ingredient in food and natural medicine.展开更多
Box dimension and information dimension based on individual and leaf number were applied to analyze the distribution patterns of Plantato asiatica and P. viriginica in suburbs of Jinhua. The results showed that both t...Box dimension and information dimension based on individual and leaf number were applied to analyze the distribution patterns of Plantato asiatica and P. viriginica in suburbs of Jinhua. The results showed that both the box dimension and the information dimention of P. virginica were obviously higher than those of P. asiatica in the high human-distributed environment. P. asiatica was mostly distributed in the environment with compacted soil. The information dimension on the basis of leaf probability in the boxes showed that the populations of P. virginica and P. asiatica in low density could exploit environmental resources effectively.展开更多
Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) abundance has declined severely over the past century along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. For varied reasons, overfishing among the foremost, bivalves no lon...Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) abundance has declined severely over the past century along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. For varied reasons, overfishing among the foremost, bivalves no longer make up considerable reefs as was common. While discourse continues on oyster restoration and augmentation, gaps in knowledge of C. virginica and regional environmental interactions remain. Our primary aim was to examine the C. virginica filter feeding of phytoplankton in the Hudson River Estuary, New York City. Secondarily, this study examined the filtration of these oysters in relation to environmental attributes. Chlorophyll-a, the predominant photosynthesizing pigment in red and green algae, is an indicator of phytoplankton productivity in aquatic settings. Crassostrea virginica consumes first-tier plankton from the water column’s seston;thus analysis of chlorophyll-a content allows estimating phytoplankton concentrations, from which oyster filtration efficiency (FE) was quantified. Water conditions (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, turbidity, tide and flow rate) also were recorded. Spectrophotometric determination of chlorophyll-a concentration methodology was derived from the Standard Methods text favored by the US EPA. This project compared real-time Hudson River Estuary (HRE) water samples prior to passing through a contained oyster reef and samples of water post-filtration. This sampling scenario was unique as the contained reef used was fed by HRE water. Most studies on oyster filtration have been laboratory-based, and few assessed oysters in the field. This study took place at Pier 40, the River Project Wetlab, lower Hudson River along Manhattan. The FE of this reef was calculated for two months during various environmental states which can be the basis of future investigations. Statistically significant differences were found between pre- and post-filtration water samples (Z = 4.620, p < 0.001). This study provides a glimpse at how the oysters fare in the HRE environment and expands upon known oyster ecological services and environmental interactions.展开更多
Two new eudesmane derivatives were isolated from the leaves and flowers of Verbesina virginica,along with the known 6-O-β-E -p-coumaroyl-4α-hydroxyeudesmane(1).Their structures were determined as 6-O-β-Z-p-coumaroy...Two new eudesmane derivatives were isolated from the leaves and flowers of Verbesina virginica,along with the known 6-O-β-E -p-coumaroyl-4α-hydroxyeudesmane(1).Their structures were determined as 6-O-β-Z-p-coumaroyl-4α-hydroxyeudesmane(2) and 6-O-α-E-p-coumaroyl-1β-4α-dihydroxyeudesmane(3) by spectroscopic methods.展开更多
The analysis of metals in aquatic organisms is of great importance due to the health problems they can cause to be consumed by human beings. In this study, the Laser-Induced Plasma Spectroscopy (LIBS) technique is eva...The analysis of metals in aquatic organisms is of great importance due to the health problems they can cause to be consumed by human beings. In this study, the Laser-Induced Plasma Spectroscopy (LIBS) technique is evaluated as an alternative method to identify Cu in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Crassostrea</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">virginica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> oysters</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span><span> tissue. It focuses on the characterization of oysters caught a natural bank and the identification of different Cu concentrations. To carry out experimentation, oyster samples were collected in autumn (October 2017) and spring (May 2018) from San Andres Lagoon, Aldama, Tamaulipas. A single pulse Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) was used, and tissue was contaminated with 0, 2, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μg/g of Cu. In tissue were identified atomic lines for Ca, Cr, Mg, Mn, Na, N, O, and H. However, the intensities of emission lines for autumn samples were greater than spring samples. Cu emission lines at 324.6, 327.1, 510.3, 515.1, and 521.5 nm were found for contaminated pills. The intensity of emission lines showed a linear increase with the concentration;whereby, they can be used as calibration curves to quantify Cu concentrations in oyster tissue.展开更多
Aims Global change factors(e.g.warming and nitrogen deposition)may influence biological invasions,but how these factors may influence the performance of invasive species and further mediate the interactions with nativ...Aims Global change factors(e.g.warming and nitrogen deposition)may influence biological invasions,but how these factors may influence the performance of invasive species and further mediate the interactions with native competitors remain still unknown.Methods Here,we conducted a 5-month greenhouse experiment to examine the effects of warming(using open-top chambers,+0.62°C)and N addition(adding NH4NO3 at a rate of 4.2 g m−2)on the performance of the native and invasive populations of an invasive species Plantago virginica in competition with a native Plantago asiatica.Important Findings Under warming treatment and its interaction with nitrogen addition treatment(W×N),invasive and native populations of P.virginica had different biomass allocation strategies to compete with native competitor P.asiatica.Native population of P.virginica(PV-Na)increased more below-ground biomass,whereas those from the invasive population(PV-In)increased more above-ground biomass.We also found that invasive species P.virginica had stronger responses to warming and N addition than the native species P.asiatica.The competitive ability of the invasive plants was significantly reduced by warming which indicated that the invasive plant were much stronger sensitivity to elevated temperature than native plant.Similarly,N addition and W×N reduced the competitive response of PV-In in below-ground biomass,but increased the competitive response of PV-Na in above-ground and total biomass when they grew with the P.asiatica.The results show that P.virginica have occurred differential biomass allocation strategies during its invasions and invasive population exhibit flexible competition ability to adapt to environmental changes(especially warming).These findings may potentially help to predict plant invasions and make management strategies in a world with changing climate.展开更多
以1/4 Hoag land+0.5%N aC l为基础培养液,研究培养液中C aC l2浓度为0、15、20、25、30、35 mm o l/L时海滨锦葵种子萌发和幼苗生长状况。结果表明,随着培养液中C aC l2浓度的升高,种子萌发率逐渐增加。海滨锦葵幼苗根系活力、叶绿素...以1/4 Hoag land+0.5%N aC l为基础培养液,研究培养液中C aC l2浓度为0、15、20、25、30、35 mm o l/L时海滨锦葵种子萌发和幼苗生长状况。结果表明,随着培养液中C aC l2浓度的升高,种子萌发率逐渐增加。海滨锦葵幼苗根系活力、叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性在C aC l2浓度为15~25 mm o l/L时逐渐升高,丙二醛(M DA)含量下降,幼苗生长状况较好。但在C aC l2浓度为30~35 mm o l/L时,M DA含量逐渐升高,而以上其它各项生理指标呈逐渐下降的趋势。表明外源钙离子对N aC l胁迫下海滨锦葵种子的萌发和幼苗生长具有缓解效应,其中以25 mm o l/L C aC l2对N aC l胁迫的缓解效果最佳。展开更多
基金supported by the General Project of Natural Science Research in Jiangsu Province(22KJB180011)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82101587).
文摘Kosteletzkya virginica(K.virginica)is used for revegetation of salt-affected coastal tidal flats and as a raw material of biodiesel.K.virginica root tuber,a biowaste with low economic value,is rich in bioactive compounds.This study aimed to extract and identify flavonoids from K.virginica root tubers.The optimal extraction conditions were 1/25(w/v)solid/liquid ratio,40%ethanol concentration at 40℃ for 60 min.Under these conditions,65.2±3.7 mg/g total flavonoid content was extracted from the roots,which were collected from salinized soil in late autumn of the third year.Antioxidant activity was evaluated through 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,hydroxyl radical,and superoxide anion scavenging assays.The extracted flavonoids exhibited antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner.Five flavonoids,glucoliquiritin apioside,licoisoflavone B,5-methoxy-7,8-diprenylflavone,7,2′-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl-4′,5′-methylenedioxyflavan,and 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3′-methoxy-6,8-di-Cmethylflavanone,were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.Our results suggest that the flavonoids of K.virginica root tubers might be potent antioxidants and can be effectively applied as an ingredient in food and natural medicine.
文摘Box dimension and information dimension based on individual and leaf number were applied to analyze the distribution patterns of Plantato asiatica and P. viriginica in suburbs of Jinhua. The results showed that both the box dimension and the information dimention of P. virginica were obviously higher than those of P. asiatica in the high human-distributed environment. P. asiatica was mostly distributed in the environment with compacted soil. The information dimension on the basis of leaf probability in the boxes showed that the populations of P. virginica and P. asiatica in low density could exploit environmental resources effectively.
文摘Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) abundance has declined severely over the past century along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States. For varied reasons, overfishing among the foremost, bivalves no longer make up considerable reefs as was common. While discourse continues on oyster restoration and augmentation, gaps in knowledge of C. virginica and regional environmental interactions remain. Our primary aim was to examine the C. virginica filter feeding of phytoplankton in the Hudson River Estuary, New York City. Secondarily, this study examined the filtration of these oysters in relation to environmental attributes. Chlorophyll-a, the predominant photosynthesizing pigment in red and green algae, is an indicator of phytoplankton productivity in aquatic settings. Crassostrea virginica consumes first-tier plankton from the water column’s seston;thus analysis of chlorophyll-a content allows estimating phytoplankton concentrations, from which oyster filtration efficiency (FE) was quantified. Water conditions (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, turbidity, tide and flow rate) also were recorded. Spectrophotometric determination of chlorophyll-a concentration methodology was derived from the Standard Methods text favored by the US EPA. This project compared real-time Hudson River Estuary (HRE) water samples prior to passing through a contained oyster reef and samples of water post-filtration. This sampling scenario was unique as the contained reef used was fed by HRE water. Most studies on oyster filtration have been laboratory-based, and few assessed oysters in the field. This study took place at Pier 40, the River Project Wetlab, lower Hudson River along Manhattan. The FE of this reef was calculated for two months during various environmental states which can be the basis of future investigations. Statistically significant differences were found between pre- and post-filtration water samples (Z = 4.620, p < 0.001). This study provides a glimpse at how the oysters fare in the HRE environment and expands upon known oyster ecological services and environmental interactions.
基金supported by the China Scholarship Council,the United States NIH,NIAID,Division of AIDS(No.AI 27094)the USDA Agricultural Research Service Specific Cooperative Agreement(No.58-6408-2-0009)
文摘Two new eudesmane derivatives were isolated from the leaves and flowers of Verbesina virginica,along with the known 6-O-β-E -p-coumaroyl-4α-hydroxyeudesmane(1).Their structures were determined as 6-O-β-Z-p-coumaroyl-4α-hydroxyeudesmane(2) and 6-O-α-E-p-coumaroyl-1β-4α-dihydroxyeudesmane(3) by spectroscopic methods.
文摘The analysis of metals in aquatic organisms is of great importance due to the health problems they can cause to be consumed by human beings. In this study, the Laser-Induced Plasma Spectroscopy (LIBS) technique is evaluated as an alternative method to identify Cu in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Crassostrea</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">virginica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> oysters</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span><span> tissue. It focuses on the characterization of oysters caught a natural bank and the identification of different Cu concentrations. To carry out experimentation, oyster samples were collected in autumn (October 2017) and spring (May 2018) from San Andres Lagoon, Aldama, Tamaulipas. A single pulse Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) was used, and tissue was contaminated with 0, 2, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μg/g of Cu. In tissue were identified atomic lines for Ca, Cr, Mg, Mn, Na, N, O, and H. However, the intensities of emission lines for autumn samples were greater than spring samples. Cu emission lines at 324.6, 327.1, 510.3, 515.1, and 521.5 nm were found for contaminated pills. The intensity of emission lines showed a linear increase with the concentration;whereby, they can be used as calibration curves to quantify Cu concentrations in oyster tissue.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(no.2017YFC1200105)Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.31100298).
文摘Aims Global change factors(e.g.warming and nitrogen deposition)may influence biological invasions,but how these factors may influence the performance of invasive species and further mediate the interactions with native competitors remain still unknown.Methods Here,we conducted a 5-month greenhouse experiment to examine the effects of warming(using open-top chambers,+0.62°C)and N addition(adding NH4NO3 at a rate of 4.2 g m−2)on the performance of the native and invasive populations of an invasive species Plantago virginica in competition with a native Plantago asiatica.Important Findings Under warming treatment and its interaction with nitrogen addition treatment(W×N),invasive and native populations of P.virginica had different biomass allocation strategies to compete with native competitor P.asiatica.Native population of P.virginica(PV-Na)increased more below-ground biomass,whereas those from the invasive population(PV-In)increased more above-ground biomass.We also found that invasive species P.virginica had stronger responses to warming and N addition than the native species P.asiatica.The competitive ability of the invasive plants was significantly reduced by warming which indicated that the invasive plant were much stronger sensitivity to elevated temperature than native plant.Similarly,N addition and W×N reduced the competitive response of PV-In in below-ground biomass,but increased the competitive response of PV-Na in above-ground and total biomass when they grew with the P.asiatica.The results show that P.virginica have occurred differential biomass allocation strategies during its invasions and invasive population exhibit flexible competition ability to adapt to environmental changes(especially warming).These findings may potentially help to predict plant invasions and make management strategies in a world with changing climate.
文摘以1/4 Hoag land+0.5%N aC l为基础培养液,研究培养液中C aC l2浓度为0、15、20、25、30、35 mm o l/L时海滨锦葵种子萌发和幼苗生长状况。结果表明,随着培养液中C aC l2浓度的升高,种子萌发率逐渐增加。海滨锦葵幼苗根系活力、叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性在C aC l2浓度为15~25 mm o l/L时逐渐升高,丙二醛(M DA)含量下降,幼苗生长状况较好。但在C aC l2浓度为30~35 mm o l/L时,M DA含量逐渐升高,而以上其它各项生理指标呈逐渐下降的趋势。表明外源钙离子对N aC l胁迫下海滨锦葵种子的萌发和幼苗生长具有缓解效应,其中以25 mm o l/L C aC l2对N aC l胁迫的缓解效果最佳。
