Since the specifications of most of the existing context-sensitive graph grammars tend to be either too intricate or not intuitive, a novel context-sensitive graph grammar formalism, called context-attributed graph gr...Since the specifications of most of the existing context-sensitive graph grammars tend to be either too intricate or not intuitive, a novel context-sensitive graph grammar formalism, called context-attributed graph grammar（CAGG）, is proposed. In order to resolve the embedding problem, context information of a graph production in the CAGG is represented in the form of context attributes of the nodes involved. Moreover, several properties of a set of confluent CAGG productions are characterized, and then an algorithm based on them is developed to decide whether or not a set of productions is confluent, which provides the foundation for the design of efficient parsing algorithms. It can also be shown through the comparison of CAGG with several typical context-sensitive graph grammars that CAGG is more succinct and, at the same time, more intuitive than the others, making it more suitably and effortlessly applicable to the specification of visual languages.展开更多
In this paper, we conduct research on the novel mode of plane graphic design from the core angle of the primary visual language transmitting. Relationship between nationality and cosmopolitan processing in graphic des...In this paper, we conduct research on the novel mode of plane graphic design from the core angle of the primary visual language transmitting. Relationship between nationality and cosmopolitan processing in graphic design in the design of image symbol expression and significance of the symbol on the one hand require symbolic form must have enough openness and the cognitive function on the other hand with semiotics method can let the designer to extract the most representative and symbolic notation style to carry on the design expression. As a non- verbal symbols, from the perspective of the view, the design image is no national boundaries, but the human form to beauty and should express the symbolism of cognition is the same. In the form of the ethnic groups of the cosmopolitan codes are for identification of Chinese contemporary design possible effective methods. Our research proposes novel perspective of the design which is meaningful.展开更多
Deaf people or people facing hearing issues can communicate using sign language(SL),a visual language.Many works based on rich source language have been proposed;however,the work using poor resource language is still ...Deaf people or people facing hearing issues can communicate using sign language(SL),a visual language.Many works based on rich source language have been proposed;however,the work using poor resource language is still lacking.Unlike other SLs,the visuals of the Urdu Language are different.This study presents a novel approach to translating Urdu sign language(UrSL)using the UrSL-CNN model,a convolutional neural network(CNN)architecture specifically designed for this purpose.Unlike existingworks that primarily focus on languageswith rich resources,this study addresses the challenge of translating a sign language with limited resources.We conducted experiments using two datasets containing 1500 and 78,000 images,employing a methodology comprising four modules:data collection,pre-processing,categorization,and prediction.To enhance prediction accuracy,each sign image was transformed into a greyscale image and underwent noise filtering.Comparative analysis with machine learning baseline methods(support vectormachine,GaussianNaive Bayes,randomforest,and k-nearest neighbors’algorithm)on the UrSL alphabets dataset demonstrated the superiority of UrSL-CNN,achieving an accuracy of 0.95.Additionally,our model exhibited superior performance in Precision,Recall,and F1-score evaluations.This work not only contributes to advancing sign language translation but also holds promise for improving communication accessibility for individuals with hearing impairments.展开更多
Visual Query Language on Spatial Information (SIVQL) is one kind of visual query language based on the extension of Query by Example (QBE). It is a visual operation based on graphics or media object, such as point, li...Visual Query Language on Spatial Information (SIVQL) is one kind of visual query language based on the extension of Query by Example (QBE). It is a visual operation based on graphics or media object, such as point, line and area elements. In this paper, the relation calculation and query function of SIVQL have been studied and discussed by using set theory and relation algebra. The theory foundation of SIVQL has been investigated by the mathematical method. Finally, its application examples are also given with the specific information system.展开更多
Data are limitless. But those are usually not formed or created in our needs. Most of data providers deliver their data in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, which is compatible with ArcGIS, the most widely used GIS （Geogr...Data are limitless. But those are usually not formed or created in our needs. Most of data providers deliver their data in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, which is compatible with ArcGIS, the most widely used GIS （Geographic Information System） software in GIS sector. However, those table data contain much unnecessary information that do not need for a certain project. Using the raw data can increase processing times and reduce performance of geoprocessing tools. This study shows steps of how the raw data are being processed using ArcGIS ModelBuilder and Python script.展开更多
Adapting icons in requirements engineering can support the multifaceted needs of stakeholders. Conventional approaches to RE are mainly highlighted in diagrams. This paper introduces icon-based information as a way to...Adapting icons in requirements engineering can support the multifaceted needs of stakeholders. Conventional approaches to RE are mainly highlighted in diagrams. This paper introduces icon-based information as a way to represent ideas and concepts in the requirements engineering domain. We report on icon artifacts that support requirements engineering work such as priority types, status states and stakeholder kinds. We evaluate how users interpret meanings of icons and the efficacy of icon prototypes shaped to represent those requirements attributes. Our hypothesis is whether practitioners can recognize the icons’ meaning in terms of their functional representation. According to the empirical data from 45 participants, the findings demonstrate the probability of providing users with icons and their intended functions that correspond to RE artifacts in a novel yet effective manner. Based on these findings, we suggest that icons could enrich stakeholders’ perception of the RE process as a whole;however, meaningful interpretation of an icon is subject to the user’s prior knowledge and experience.展开更多
In this paper, on the basis of the implementation of the national chemical industry standard analytical test methods and analysis of test items, a food additive quality analysis and inspection of network management ap...In this paper, on the basis of the implementation of the national chemical industry standard analytical test methods and analysis of test items, a food additive quality analysis and inspection of network management applications are developed using the development technology of Visual Basic language and computer system operating environment, to achieve a network management software for users on food additives of quality analytical testing. The software sets up an information sharing network platform for enterprise and quality management departments, which is a major innovation in the food additive quality analysis on test management methods and tools.展开更多
The application of computer in the quantitative analysis chemistry experiment is a chemistry experiment teaching applications software, developed by Visual Basic （6.0）, based on the content of quantitative analysis ...The application of computer in the quantitative analysis chemistry experiment is a chemistry experiment teaching applications software, developed by Visual Basic （6.0）, based on the content of quantitative analysis chemistry experiment of chemistry major in higher institute. This software has the function of the automatic processing the experimental data, the automatic generation of test report copies, and the automatic evaluation of students＇ experimental results, which solve the reliability, objectivity and accuracy problems of the students＇ experiment data processing and evaluation, and avoid interference with human factors. The software has the characteristic of the easy installation, the easy operation, the strong practicability, pertinence, the systematicness and the running stability, so it provides a platform in the quantitative analysis chemistry experiment for the students＇ assessment system of automatic processing, and it has a high popularization value. The project＇s technical route design is reasonable, the research method is correct, and the experimental data processing results are reliable, which has reached the leading domestic level in the quantitative analysis chemistry experiment teaching field of computer data processing. And this project has been through the achievements appraisal of Gansu Provincial Sci. ＆ Tech. Department.展开更多
Access database technology and Visual Basic programming language are used to develop a set of chemical reagents quality analysis and inspection of intelligent management application software, and its stability was inv...Access database technology and Visual Basic programming language are used to develop a set of chemical reagents quality analysis and inspection of intelligent management application software, and its stability was investigated. The results show that the sotfware is used to manage intelligently the quality analysis of chemical reagents test each linkage, to upload and save the analysis of test data and results in the network in time for users, to build a network of information sharing platform for enterprises and quality management departments, and its quality of chemical reagents test results is used to manage by the computer with practical application value. The software is simple, convenient, fast, friendly interface, stable operation, accurate and reliable results, with a high value to promote the application.展开更多
XCD is a design-by-contract based architecture description language that supports modular specifications in terms of components and connectors (i.e., interaction protocols). XCD is supported by a translator that produ...XCD is a design-by-contract based architecture description language that supports modular specifications in terms of components and connectors (i.e., interaction protocols). XCD is supported by a translator that produces formal models in SPIN’s ProMeLa formal verification language, which can then be formally analysed using SPIN’s model checker. XCD is extended with a visual notation set called VXCD. VXCD extends UML’s component diagram and adapts it to XCD’s structure, contractual behaviour, and interaction protocol specifications. Visual VXCD specifications can be translated into textual XCD specifications for formal analysis. To illustrate VXCD, the well-known gas station system is used. The gas system is specified contractually using VXCD’s visual notation set and then formally analysed using SPIN’s model checker for a number of properties including deadlock and race-condition.展开更多
Green buildings should respect nature and endeavor to mitigate harmful effects to the environment and occupants.This is often interpreted as creating sustain-able sites,consuming less energy and water,reusing material...Green buildings should respect nature and endeavor to mitigate harmful effects to the environment and occupants.This is often interpreted as creating sustain-able sites,consuming less energy and water,reusing materials,and providing excel-lent indoor environmental quality.Environmentally friendly buildings should also consider literally the impact that they have on birds,millions of them.A major factor in bird collisions with buildings is the choice of building materials.These choices are usually made by the architect who may not be aware of the issue or may be looking for guidance from certification programs such as LEED.As a proof of concept for an educational tool,we developed a software-assisted approach to characterize whether a proposed building design would earn a point for the LEED Pilot Credit 55:Avoiding Bird Collisions.Using the visual programming language Dynamo with the common building information modeling software Revit,we automated the assessment of designs.The approach depends on parameters that incorporate assessments of bird threat for façade materials,analyzes building geom-etry relative to materials,and processes user input on building operation to produce the assessment.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60571048,60673186,60736015)the National High Technology Researchand Development Program of China(863Program)(No.2007AA01Z178)
文摘Since the specifications of most of the existing context-sensitive graph grammars tend to be either too intricate or not intuitive, a novel context-sensitive graph grammar formalism, called context-attributed graph grammar（CAGG）, is proposed. In order to resolve the embedding problem, context information of a graph production in the CAGG is represented in the form of context attributes of the nodes involved. Moreover, several properties of a set of confluent CAGG productions are characterized, and then an algorithm based on them is developed to decide whether or not a set of productions is confluent, which provides the foundation for the design of efficient parsing algorithms. It can also be shown through the comparison of CAGG with several typical context-sensitive graph grammars that CAGG is more succinct and, at the same time, more intuitive than the others, making it more suitably and effortlessly applicable to the specification of visual languages.
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on the novel mode of plane graphic design from the core angle of the primary visual language transmitting. Relationship between nationality and cosmopolitan processing in graphic design in the design of image symbol expression and significance of the symbol on the one hand require symbolic form must have enough openness and the cognitive function on the other hand with semiotics method can let the designer to extract the most representative and symbolic notation style to carry on the design expression. As a non- verbal symbols, from the perspective of the view, the design image is no national boundaries, but the human form to beauty and should express the symbolism of cognition is the same. In the form of the ethnic groups of the cosmopolitan codes are for identification of Chinese contemporary design possible effective methods. Our research proposes novel perspective of the design which is meaningful.
文摘Deaf people or people facing hearing issues can communicate using sign language(SL),a visual language.Many works based on rich source language have been proposed;however,the work using poor resource language is still lacking.Unlike other SLs,the visuals of the Urdu Language are different.This study presents a novel approach to translating Urdu sign language(UrSL)using the UrSL-CNN model,a convolutional neural network(CNN)architecture specifically designed for this purpose.Unlike existingworks that primarily focus on languageswith rich resources,this study addresses the challenge of translating a sign language with limited resources.We conducted experiments using two datasets containing 1500 and 78,000 images,employing a methodology comprising four modules:data collection,pre-processing,categorization,and prediction.To enhance prediction accuracy,each sign image was transformed into a greyscale image and underwent noise filtering.Comparative analysis with machine learning baseline methods(support vectormachine,GaussianNaive Bayes,randomforest,and k-nearest neighbors’algorithm)on the UrSL alphabets dataset demonstrated the superiority of UrSL-CNN,achieving an accuracy of 0.95.Additionally,our model exhibited superior performance in Precision,Recall,and F1-score evaluations.This work not only contributes to advancing sign language translation but also holds promise for improving communication accessibility for individuals with hearing impairments.
文摘Visual Query Language on Spatial Information (SIVQL) is one kind of visual query language based on the extension of Query by Example (QBE). It is a visual operation based on graphics or media object, such as point, line and area elements. In this paper, the relation calculation and query function of SIVQL have been studied and discussed by using set theory and relation algebra. The theory foundation of SIVQL has been investigated by the mathematical method. Finally, its application examples are also given with the specific information system.
文摘Data are limitless. But those are usually not formed or created in our needs. Most of data providers deliver their data in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet, which is compatible with ArcGIS, the most widely used GIS （Geographic Information System） software in GIS sector. However, those table data contain much unnecessary information that do not need for a certain project. Using the raw data can increase processing times and reduce performance of geoprocessing tools. This study shows steps of how the raw data are being processed using ArcGIS ModelBuilder and Python script.
文摘Adapting icons in requirements engineering can support the multifaceted needs of stakeholders. Conventional approaches to RE are mainly highlighted in diagrams. This paper introduces icon-based information as a way to represent ideas and concepts in the requirements engineering domain. We report on icon artifacts that support requirements engineering work such as priority types, status states and stakeholder kinds. We evaluate how users interpret meanings of icons and the efficacy of icon prototypes shaped to represent those requirements attributes. Our hypothesis is whether practitioners can recognize the icons’ meaning in terms of their functional representation. According to the empirical data from 45 participants, the findings demonstrate the probability of providing users with icons and their intended functions that correspond to RE artifacts in a novel yet effective manner. Based on these findings, we suggest that icons could enrich stakeholders’ perception of the RE process as a whole;however, meaningful interpretation of an icon is subject to the user’s prior knowledge and experience.
文摘In this paper, on the basis of the implementation of the national chemical industry standard analytical test methods and analysis of test items, a food additive quality analysis and inspection of network management applications are developed using the development technology of Visual Basic language and computer system operating environment, to achieve a network management software for users on food additives of quality analytical testing. The software sets up an information sharing network platform for enterprise and quality management departments, which is a major innovation in the food additive quality analysis on test management methods and tools.
文摘The application of computer in the quantitative analysis chemistry experiment is a chemistry experiment teaching applications software, developed by Visual Basic （6.0）, based on the content of quantitative analysis chemistry experiment of chemistry major in higher institute. This software has the function of the automatic processing the experimental data, the automatic generation of test report copies, and the automatic evaluation of students＇ experimental results, which solve the reliability, objectivity and accuracy problems of the students＇ experiment data processing and evaluation, and avoid interference with human factors. The software has the characteristic of the easy installation, the easy operation, the strong practicability, pertinence, the systematicness and the running stability, so it provides a platform in the quantitative analysis chemistry experiment for the students＇ assessment system of automatic processing, and it has a high popularization value. The project＇s technical route design is reasonable, the research method is correct, and the experimental data processing results are reliable, which has reached the leading domestic level in the quantitative analysis chemistry experiment teaching field of computer data processing. And this project has been through the achievements appraisal of Gansu Provincial Sci. ＆ Tech. Department.
文摘Access database technology and Visual Basic programming language are used to develop a set of chemical reagents quality analysis and inspection of intelligent management application software, and its stability was investigated. The results show that the sotfware is used to manage intelligently the quality analysis of chemical reagents test each linkage, to upload and save the analysis of test data and results in the network in time for users, to build a network of information sharing platform for enterprises and quality management departments, and its quality of chemical reagents test results is used to manage by the computer with practical application value. The software is simple, convenient, fast, friendly interface, stable operation, accurate and reliable results, with a high value to promote the application.
文摘XCD is a design-by-contract based architecture description language that supports modular specifications in terms of components and connectors (i.e., interaction protocols). XCD is supported by a translator that produces formal models in SPIN’s ProMeLa formal verification language, which can then be formally analysed using SPIN’s model checker. XCD is extended with a visual notation set called VXCD. VXCD extends UML’s component diagram and adapts it to XCD’s structure, contractual behaviour, and interaction protocol specifications. Visual VXCD specifications can be translated into textual XCD specifications for formal analysis. To illustrate VXCD, the well-known gas station system is used. The gas system is specified contractually using VXCD’s visual notation set and then formally analysed using SPIN’s model checker for a number of properties including deadlock and race-condition.
文摘Green buildings should respect nature and endeavor to mitigate harmful effects to the environment and occupants.This is often interpreted as creating sustain-able sites,consuming less energy and water,reusing materials,and providing excel-lent indoor environmental quality.Environmentally friendly buildings should also consider literally the impact that they have on birds,millions of them.A major factor in bird collisions with buildings is the choice of building materials.These choices are usually made by the architect who may not be aware of the issue or may be looking for guidance from certification programs such as LEED.As a proof of concept for an educational tool,we developed a software-assisted approach to characterize whether a proposed building design would earn a point for the LEED Pilot Credit 55:Avoiding Bird Collisions.Using the visual programming language Dynamo with the common building information modeling software Revit,we automated the assessment of designs.The approach depends on parameters that incorporate assessments of bird threat for façade materials,analyzes building geom-etry relative to materials,and processes user input on building operation to produce the assessment.
