Background: Anemia is one of the most prevalent complications during pregnancy. It is commonly considered a risk factor for poor pregnancy outcomes and can result in complications that threaten the life of both mother...Background: Anemia is one of the most prevalent complications during pregnancy. It is commonly considered a risk factor for poor pregnancy outcomes and can result in complications that threaten the life of both mother and fetus, such as preterm birth, and low birth weight. There is clear evidence to support prompt treatment in all patients with iron deficiency anemia because it is known that treatment improves quality of life and physical condition as well as alleviates fatigue and cognitive deficits. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the value of addition of vitamin B6 to iron in treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women during the second trimester. Patients and Methods: The study was done by giving anemia pregnant women iron therapy and vitamin B6 which represent group A and iron therapy alone which represents group B. For each pregnant woman, age, parity and gestational history were taken before treatment. All pregnant women took their allocated treatment regularly for three weeks after diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia with complete blood picture and followed up after three weeks. Results: Results of the study revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of therapy according to the hemoglobin level before treatment (p-value = 0.734), statistically significant higher mean value in after treatment than before treatment (p-value = 0.048), there was a significant difference in the rate of change of hemoglobin (p-value = 0.011) and body mass index (p-value 0.001). Conclusion: Iron and vitamin B6 seems to increase hemoglobin level more than iron only. Thus, in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia iron plus vitamin B6 may be considered as a more effective alternative treatment than iron only.展开更多
Colorectal cancer remains the third most common cancer in both women and men worldwide.Identifying modifiable dietary factors is crucial in developing primary prevention strategies.Vitamin B6 is involved in more than ...Colorectal cancer remains the third most common cancer in both women and men worldwide.Identifying modifiable dietary factors is crucial in developing primary prevention strategies.Vitamin B6 is involved in more than 100 coenzyme reactions,and may influence colorectal cancer risk in multiple ways including through its role in one-carbon metabolism related DNA synthesis and methylation and by reducing inflammation,cell proliferation,and oxidative stress.Observational studies of dietary or dietary plus supplementary intake of vitamin B6 and colorectal cancer risk have been inconsistent with most studies reporting nonsignificant positive or inverse associations.However,published studies of plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate(the active form of vitamin B6) levels consistently support an approximately 30%-50% reduction in risk of colorectal cancer comparing high with low concentrations.The reasons for the discrepancy in the results between dietary-based and plasma-based studies remain unresolved.Other unresolved questions include the effects of vitamin B6 intake in early life(i.e.,childhood or adolescence) and of suboptimal vitamin B6 status on colorectal cancer risk,whether the associations with vitamin B6 differ across molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer,and whether the vitamin B6-colorectal cancer association is modified by genetic variants of one-carbon metabolism.展开更多
Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a commonly encountered troublesome condition which is often disabling & worsens when left untreated. Traditional neuropathic pain medications primarily provide symptomatic reli...Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a commonly encountered troublesome condition which is often disabling & worsens when left untreated. Traditional neuropathic pain medications primarily provide symptomatic relief;however, the pathogenesis of nerve damage remains unresolved. Extensive literature survey reveals that patients with peripheral neuropathy experience significant benefits with the use of B-vitamins like methylcobalamin (B12), folic acid (B9), biotin (B7), benfotiamine (B1) and pyridoxine (B6). The other well documented antineuropathic agents include alpha lipoic acid, glutathione, omega fatty acids, myoinositol, certain trace elements, etc. Materials and Methods: A multicentre, prospective, open-label, non-comparative clinical study was carried out in 497 patients with peripheral neuropathy. A fixed dose combination of methylcobalamin, alpha lipoic acid (ALA), folic acid, biotin, benfotiamine & vitamin B6 capsule was orally administered once daily for 12 weeks. Results: Treatment led to significant reduction from baseline score in various neuropathy symptoms from the 4th week itself. After 12 weeks of treatment, the mean pain score declined by 78.0%, numbness by 92.1% and muscle weakness by 96.9%. Also, there was 96.0% & 99.2% reduction in tingling & burning sensation respectively. No serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion: The current study confirms that fixed dose combination of methylcobalamin, ALA, folic acid, biotin, benfotiamine & vitamin B6 is effective & well tolerated in the management of peripheral neuropathy.展开更多
Chemically based rodent models are used to assess the positive effects promoted by foods and gut microbiota on gut health. Lectins with enzymatic activity, such as type 2 ribosome-inactivating proteins, might also pro...Chemically based rodent models are used to assess the positive effects promoted by foods and gut microbiota on gut health. Lectins with enzymatic activity, such as type 2 ribosome-inactivating proteins, might also prove useful for exploring these issues. Sub-lethal doses of the lectin nigrin from Sambucus nigra L. to mice promoted reversible derangement of gut epithelium by induction of apoptosis of transit amplifying cells of the small intestine crypts in a time-dependent course. The present work seeks to study vitamin B6 accumulation in plasma from an oral bolus in a mouse nigrin model. 24 h after sub-lethal nigrin b treatment, there was clear body weight reduction associated to a notable increase in Evan’s blue stain accumulation in excised small intestine, an increase in myeloperoxidase activity, and a near 50% reduction in plasma accumulation of vitamin B6. Histological analysis of small intestine sections of nigrin b-treated animals also revealed significant derangement of intestinal crypts. Seventy two hours after nigrin b treatment, stain uptake decreased and vitamin B6 accumulation was almost restored despite villi derangement. Large intestine crypts were scarcely or not at all affected. Eight days after nigrin b treatment, vitamin B6 uptake and intestinal crypt structure had fully recovered. The nigrin b mice model supports the view that, under these conditions, the carrier-mediated vitamin B6 uptake component of the small intestine crypts is probably the most active when the vitamin is administered orally as a bolus. The findings provide insights into the suitability of the present mice model for nutritional or drug absorption studies in conditions of partially altered or injured intestinal mucosa.展开更多
In this work, the gold nanoparticles (Au NPs)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate...In this work, the gold nanoparticles (Au NPs)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the assemble process of the composite film. In pH 7.0 PBS, a oxidation peak of the vitamin B6 (VB6) was only observed at composite film modified electrode. Under the optimized conditions, the current intensity was linear with the concentrations of VB6 in the range of 1.59 to 102.74 μg●mL–1 with a detection limit of 0.53 μg●mL–1 (S/N = 3). The modified electrode had been applied in medication analysis, and obtained good results.展开更多
Plants can be infected by multiple pathogens concurrently in natural systems. However,pathogen–pathogen interactions have rarely been studied. In addition to the oomycete Phytophthora sojae, fungi such as Fusarium sp...Plants can be infected by multiple pathogens concurrently in natural systems. However,pathogen–pathogen interactions have rarely been studied. In addition to the oomycete Phytophthora sojae, fungi such as Fusarium spp. also cause soybean root rot. In a 3-year field investigation, we discovered that P. sojae and Fusarium spp. frequently coexisted in diseased soybean roots. Out of 336 P. sojae–soybean–Fusarium combinations,more than 80% aggravated disease. Different Fusarium species all enhanced P. sojae infection when co-inoculated on soybean. Treatment with Fusarium secreted non-proteinaceous metabolites had an effect equal to the direct pathogen coinoculation. By screening a Fusarium graminearum mutant library, we identified Fusarium promoting factor of Phytophthora sojae infection 1(Fpp1),encoding a zinc alcohol dehydrogenase. Fpp1 is functionally conserved in Fusarium and contributes to metabolite-mediated infection promotion, in which vitamin B6(VB6) produced by Fusarium is key. Transcriptional and functional analyses revealed that Fpp1 regulates two VB6 metabolism genes, and VB6 suppresses expression of soybean disease resistance-related genes. These results reveal that co-infection with Fusarium promotes loss of P. sojae resistance in soybean, information that will inform the sustainable use of diseaseresistant crop varieties and provide new strategies to control soybean root rot.展开更多
Interleukin-33(IL-33)is a crucial nuclear cytokine that induces the type 2 immune response and maintains immune homeostasis.The fine-tuned regulation of IL-33 in tissue cells is critical to control of the type 2 immun...Interleukin-33(IL-33)is a crucial nuclear cytokine that induces the type 2 immune response and maintains immune homeostasis.The fine-tuned regulation of IL-33 in tissue cells is critical to control of the type 2 immune response in airway inflammation,but the mechanism is still unclear.Here,we found that healthy individuals had higher phosphate-pyridoxal(PLP,an active form of vitamin B6)concentrations in the serum than asthma patients.Lower serum PLP concentrations in asthma patients were strongly associated with worse lung function and inflammation.In a mouse model of lung inflammation,we revealed that PLP alleviated the type 2 immune response and that this inhibitory effect relied on the activity of IL-33.A mechanistic study showed that in vivo,pyridoxal(PL)needed to be converted into PLP,which inhibited the type 2 response by regulating IL-33 stability.In mice heterozygous for pyridoxal kinase(PDXK),the conversion of PL to PLP was limited,and IL-33 levels were increased in the lungs,aggravating type 2 inflammation.Furthermore,we found that the mouse double minute 2 homolog(MDM2)protein,an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase,could ubiquitinate the N-terminus of IL-33 and sustain IL-33 stability in epithelial cells.PLP reduced MDM2-mediated IL-33 polyubiquitination and decreased the level of IL-33 through the proteasome pathway.In addition,inhalation of PLP alleviated asthma-related effects in mouse models.In summary,our data indicate that vitamin B6 regulates MDM2-mediated IL-33 stability to constrain the type 2 response,which might help develop a potential preventive and therapeutic agent for allergy-related diseases.展开更多
Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzicola(Xoc),which causes rice bacterial leaf streak,invades leaves mainly through stomata,which are often closed as a plant immune response against pathogen invasion.How Xoc overcomes stomatal...Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzicola(Xoc),which causes rice bacterial leaf streak,invades leaves mainly through stomata,which are often closed as a plant immune response against pathogen invasion.How Xoc overcomes stomatal immunity is unclear.Here,we show that the effector protein AvrRxo1,an ATPdependent protease,enhances Xoc virulence and inhibits stomatal immunity by targeting and degrading rice OsPDX1(pyridoxal phosphate synthase),thereby reducing vitamin B6(VB6)levels in rice.VB6 is required for the activity of aldehyde oxidase,which catalyzes the last step of abscisic acid(ABA)biosynthesis,and ABA positively regulates rice stomatal immunity against Xoc.Thus,we provide evidence supporting a model in which a major bacterial pathogen inhibits plant stomatal immunity by directly targeting VB6 biosynthesis and consequently inhibiting the biosynthesis of ABA in guard cells to open stomata.Moreover,AvrRxo1-mediated VB6 targeting also explains the poor nutritional quality,including low VB6 levels,of Xoc-infected rice grains.展开更多
The electrochemistry of pyridoxine (vitamin B6, VB6) was studied by cyclic voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode. The electrochemical response of VB6 could be significantly enhanced by using 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetra...The electrochemistry of pyridoxine (vitamin B6, VB6) was studied by cyclic voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode. The electrochemical response of VB6 could be significantly enhanced by using 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetra- methylpiperidine-N-oxyl (HO-TEMPO) as a mediator via an electrocatalytic EC’ mechanism with the oxoammo-nium ion of HO-TEMPO as the active oxidant. The catalytic rate constant was determined to be 5.4×103 (mol L-1)-1s-1 by using chronoamperometry.展开更多
文摘Background: Anemia is one of the most prevalent complications during pregnancy. It is commonly considered a risk factor for poor pregnancy outcomes and can result in complications that threaten the life of both mother and fetus, such as preterm birth, and low birth weight. There is clear evidence to support prompt treatment in all patients with iron deficiency anemia because it is known that treatment improves quality of life and physical condition as well as alleviates fatigue and cognitive deficits. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the value of addition of vitamin B6 to iron in treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women during the second trimester. Patients and Methods: The study was done by giving anemia pregnant women iron therapy and vitamin B6 which represent group A and iron therapy alone which represents group B. For each pregnant woman, age, parity and gestational history were taken before treatment. All pregnant women took their allocated treatment regularly for three weeks after diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia with complete blood picture and followed up after three weeks. Results: Results of the study revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of therapy according to the hemoglobin level before treatment (p-value = 0.734), statistically significant higher mean value in after treatment than before treatment (p-value = 0.048), there was a significant difference in the rate of change of hemoglobin (p-value = 0.011) and body mass index (p-value 0.001). Conclusion: Iron and vitamin B6 seems to increase hemoglobin level more than iron only. Thus, in pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia iron plus vitamin B6 may be considered as a more effective alternative treatment than iron only.
文摘Colorectal cancer remains the third most common cancer in both women and men worldwide.Identifying modifiable dietary factors is crucial in developing primary prevention strategies.Vitamin B6 is involved in more than 100 coenzyme reactions,and may influence colorectal cancer risk in multiple ways including through its role in one-carbon metabolism related DNA synthesis and methylation and by reducing inflammation,cell proliferation,and oxidative stress.Observational studies of dietary or dietary plus supplementary intake of vitamin B6 and colorectal cancer risk have been inconsistent with most studies reporting nonsignificant positive or inverse associations.However,published studies of plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate(the active form of vitamin B6) levels consistently support an approximately 30%-50% reduction in risk of colorectal cancer comparing high with low concentrations.The reasons for the discrepancy in the results between dietary-based and plasma-based studies remain unresolved.Other unresolved questions include the effects of vitamin B6 intake in early life(i.e.,childhood or adolescence) and of suboptimal vitamin B6 status on colorectal cancer risk,whether the associations with vitamin B6 differ across molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer,and whether the vitamin B6-colorectal cancer association is modified by genetic variants of one-carbon metabolism.
文摘Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a commonly encountered troublesome condition which is often disabling & worsens when left untreated. Traditional neuropathic pain medications primarily provide symptomatic relief;however, the pathogenesis of nerve damage remains unresolved. Extensive literature survey reveals that patients with peripheral neuropathy experience significant benefits with the use of B-vitamins like methylcobalamin (B12), folic acid (B9), biotin (B7), benfotiamine (B1) and pyridoxine (B6). The other well documented antineuropathic agents include alpha lipoic acid, glutathione, omega fatty acids, myoinositol, certain trace elements, etc. Materials and Methods: A multicentre, prospective, open-label, non-comparative clinical study was carried out in 497 patients with peripheral neuropathy. A fixed dose combination of methylcobalamin, alpha lipoic acid (ALA), folic acid, biotin, benfotiamine & vitamin B6 capsule was orally administered once daily for 12 weeks. Results: Treatment led to significant reduction from baseline score in various neuropathy symptoms from the 4th week itself. After 12 weeks of treatment, the mean pain score declined by 78.0%, numbness by 92.1% and muscle weakness by 96.9%. Also, there was 96.0% & 99.2% reduction in tingling & burning sensation respectively. No serious adverse events were reported.Conclusion: The current study confirms that fixed dose combination of methylcobalamin, ALA, folic acid, biotin, benfotiamine & vitamin B6 is effective & well tolerated in the management of peripheral neuropathy.
文摘Chemically based rodent models are used to assess the positive effects promoted by foods and gut microbiota on gut health. Lectins with enzymatic activity, such as type 2 ribosome-inactivating proteins, might also prove useful for exploring these issues. Sub-lethal doses of the lectin nigrin from Sambucus nigra L. to mice promoted reversible derangement of gut epithelium by induction of apoptosis of transit amplifying cells of the small intestine crypts in a time-dependent course. The present work seeks to study vitamin B6 accumulation in plasma from an oral bolus in a mouse nigrin model. 24 h after sub-lethal nigrin b treatment, there was clear body weight reduction associated to a notable increase in Evan’s blue stain accumulation in excised small intestine, an increase in myeloperoxidase activity, and a near 50% reduction in plasma accumulation of vitamin B6. Histological analysis of small intestine sections of nigrin b-treated animals also revealed significant derangement of intestinal crypts. Seventy two hours after nigrin b treatment, stain uptake decreased and vitamin B6 accumulation was almost restored despite villi derangement. Large intestine crypts were scarcely or not at all affected. Eight days after nigrin b treatment, vitamin B6 uptake and intestinal crypt structure had fully recovered. The nigrin b mice model supports the view that, under these conditions, the carrier-mediated vitamin B6 uptake component of the small intestine crypts is probably the most active when the vitamin is administered orally as a bolus. The findings provide insights into the suitability of the present mice model for nutritional or drug absorption studies in conditions of partially altered or injured intestinal mucosa.
文摘In this work, the gold nanoparticles (Au NPs)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the assemble process of the composite film. In pH 7.0 PBS, a oxidation peak of the vitamin B6 (VB6) was only observed at composite film modified electrode. Under the optimized conditions, the current intensity was linear with the concentrations of VB6 in the range of 1.59 to 102.74 μg●mL–1 with a detection limit of 0.53 μg●mL–1 (S/N = 3). The modified electrode had been applied in medication analysis, and obtained good results.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (3217237431721004)the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-004-PS14)。
文摘Plants can be infected by multiple pathogens concurrently in natural systems. However,pathogen–pathogen interactions have rarely been studied. In addition to the oomycete Phytophthora sojae, fungi such as Fusarium spp. also cause soybean root rot. In a 3-year field investigation, we discovered that P. sojae and Fusarium spp. frequently coexisted in diseased soybean roots. Out of 336 P. sojae–soybean–Fusarium combinations,more than 80% aggravated disease. Different Fusarium species all enhanced P. sojae infection when co-inoculated on soybean. Treatment with Fusarium secreted non-proteinaceous metabolites had an effect equal to the direct pathogen coinoculation. By screening a Fusarium graminearum mutant library, we identified Fusarium promoting factor of Phytophthora sojae infection 1(Fpp1),encoding a zinc alcohol dehydrogenase. Fpp1 is functionally conserved in Fusarium and contributes to metabolite-mediated infection promotion, in which vitamin B6(VB6) produced by Fusarium is key. Transcriptional and functional analyses revealed that Fpp1 regulates two VB6 metabolism genes, and VB6 suppresses expression of soybean disease resistance-related genes. These results reveal that co-infection with Fusarium promotes loss of P. sojae resistance in soybean, information that will inform the sustainable use of diseaseresistant crop varieties and provide new strategies to control soybean root rot.
基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2018YFA0507402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000667,81925001,and 82170051)+2 种基金the Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action(21ZR1470600,21JC1405800 and 20S11901800)the Key Scientific Innovation project of the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.202101070007-E00097)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2022264).
文摘Interleukin-33(IL-33)is a crucial nuclear cytokine that induces the type 2 immune response and maintains immune homeostasis.The fine-tuned regulation of IL-33 in tissue cells is critical to control of the type 2 immune response in airway inflammation,but the mechanism is still unclear.Here,we found that healthy individuals had higher phosphate-pyridoxal(PLP,an active form of vitamin B6)concentrations in the serum than asthma patients.Lower serum PLP concentrations in asthma patients were strongly associated with worse lung function and inflammation.In a mouse model of lung inflammation,we revealed that PLP alleviated the type 2 immune response and that this inhibitory effect relied on the activity of IL-33.A mechanistic study showed that in vivo,pyridoxal(PL)needed to be converted into PLP,which inhibited the type 2 response by regulating IL-33 stability.In mice heterozygous for pyridoxal kinase(PDXK),the conversion of PL to PLP was limited,and IL-33 levels were increased in the lungs,aggravating type 2 inflammation.Furthermore,we found that the mouse double minute 2 homolog(MDM2)protein,an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase,could ubiquitinate the N-terminus of IL-33 and sustain IL-33 stability in epithelial cells.PLP reduced MDM2-mediated IL-33 polyubiquitination and decreased the level of IL-33 through the proteasome pathway.In addition,inhalation of PLP alleviated asthma-related effects in mouse models.In summary,our data indicate that vitamin B6 regulates MDM2-mediated IL-33 stability to constrain the type 2 response,which might help develop a potential preventive and therapeutic agent for allergy-related diseases.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(31872925 and 32072500)Natural Science Outstanding Youth Fund of Shandong Province(JQ201807)+3 种基金Shandong Province Key Research and Development Plan(2019JZZY020608,2020CXGC010803,and 2019GN C106152)Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province(2019KJF023)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100903)X.D.thanks S.H.for hosting his research visit at Mich-igan State University,supported by the United States National Institute of General Medical Sciences(GM109928).
文摘Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzicola(Xoc),which causes rice bacterial leaf streak,invades leaves mainly through stomata,which are often closed as a plant immune response against pathogen invasion.How Xoc overcomes stomatal immunity is unclear.Here,we show that the effector protein AvrRxo1,an ATPdependent protease,enhances Xoc virulence and inhibits stomatal immunity by targeting and degrading rice OsPDX1(pyridoxal phosphate synthase),thereby reducing vitamin B6(VB6)levels in rice.VB6 is required for the activity of aldehyde oxidase,which catalyzes the last step of abscisic acid(ABA)biosynthesis,and ABA positively regulates rice stomatal immunity against Xoc.Thus,we provide evidence supporting a model in which a major bacterial pathogen inhibits plant stomatal immunity by directly targeting VB6 biosynthesis and consequently inhibiting the biosynthesis of ABA in guard cells to open stomata.Moreover,AvrRxo1-mediated VB6 targeting also explains the poor nutritional quality,including low VB6 levels,of Xoc-infected rice grains.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 20172025 and 20332020).
文摘The electrochemistry of pyridoxine (vitamin B6, VB6) was studied by cyclic voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode. The electrochemical response of VB6 could be significantly enhanced by using 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetra- methylpiperidine-N-oxyl (HO-TEMPO) as a mediator via an electrocatalytic EC’ mechanism with the oxoammo-nium ion of HO-TEMPO as the active oxidant. The catalytic rate constant was determined to be 5.4×103 (mol L-1)-1s-1 by using chronoamperometry.
