[Objective] This paper was to improve the current status that the fungicide carbendazim as the single agent was largely applied in the control against wheat scab. [Method] Five kinds of fungicides on sales and new age...[Objective] This paper was to improve the current status that the fungicide carbendazim as the single agent was largely applied in the control against wheat scab. [Method] Five kinds of fungicides on sales and new agents against wheat scab were selected for field trials. [Result] 25% JS399-19 SC,30% tebuconazole·thiram WP,75% trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole WDG and 10% ZJ0712 JG could effectively control wheat scab,and the control effects of one time or two times application were better than control agent carbendazim; the control efficacy of two times application was improved in different degrees against one time application. [Conclusion] The paper provided basis for the control against wheat scab.展开更多
Based on the survey of observation,the factors affecting prevalence degree of wheat scab( Gibberella zeae) were analyzed through coupling method. The results showed that the average diseased ear rate before harvest( d...Based on the survey of observation,the factors affecting prevalence degree of wheat scab( Gibberella zeae) were analyzed through coupling method. The results showed that the average diseased ear rate before harvest( disease index) was associated with the average relative humidity from April to early May,the average temperature from April to early May,and the interval from peak maturity stage of perithecium to full heading stage of wheat. The interval was used to measure the coincidence degree between release period of ascospore and ear period( heading to grouting stage). The prevalence of wheat scab was determined by coincidence degree and meteorological conditions of ear period. Quantitative prediction should be conducted,to improve prediction and control levels.展开更多
With the increasing prevalence frequency and aggravating harm degree in the 21 stcentury,wheat scab had become a recurrent disease in eastern wheat area of Jiangsu Province. This paper reviewed general occurrence situ...With the increasing prevalence frequency and aggravating harm degree in the 21 stcentury,wheat scab had become a recurrent disease in eastern wheat area of Jiangsu Province. This paper reviewed general occurrence situation of wheat scab in eastern Jiangsu,and summarized its occurrence characteristics in last decade. The disease prevalence was elaborated from the aspects of fungal source quantity,climatic conditions,cultivation modes,variety resistance and pesticide resistance. The author put forward a series of measures and countermeasures,including strengthening resistance monitoring and early warning,promoting and cultivating disease-resistant varieties,compressing planting area of direct seeding rice,carrying out chemical control scientifically,and realizing unified prevention and control,in order to provide a scientific basis for the control of wheat scab.展开更多
Using alloplasmic wheat as test materials, the genetic effect of cytoplasm on wheat scab resistance was studied by three methods including the determination of resistance of explant calli to Gibberella zeae toxin, the...Using alloplasmic wheat as test materials, the genetic effect of cytoplasm on wheat scab resistance was studied by three methods including the determination of resistance of explant calli to Gibberella zeae toxin, the identification of inoculating single fixed position and the identification of field resistance. The results showed that among "the homonucleo_heterocytoplasmic lines", resistance of calli to G. zeae toxin was different; the difference of cytoplasmic effect among different nucleoplasm combinations showed certain nucleoplasm interaction relation. Resistance of hybrid F 1 plants of reciprocal cross between alloplasmic line and disease-sensitive wheat variety to wheat scab was of clear difference. Hybrid F 1 of reciprocal cross between Ae. ventricosa cytoplasmic wheat and disease-sensitive or -resistant wheat variety all exhibited fine resistance effect of alloplasm. Compared with general common wheat variety, most alloplasmic wheats tested have stronger resistance. A few selected lines having Ae. ventricosa cytoplasm have a strong and stable resistance to scab. They can be a finer new resistant source.展开更多
Fusarium head blight(FHB),also known as scab,is a devastating fungal disease of wheat that causes significant losses in grain yield and quality.Quantitative inheritance and cumbersome phenotyping make FHB resistance a...Fusarium head blight(FHB),also known as scab,is a devastating fungal disease of wheat that causes significant losses in grain yield and quality.Quantitative inheritance and cumbersome phenotyping make FHB resistance a challenging trait for direct selection in wheat breeding.Genomic selection to predict FHB resistance traits has shown promise in several studies.Here,we used univariate and multivariate genomic prediction models to evaluate the prediction accuracy(PA)for different FHB traits using 476elite and advanced breeding lines developed by South Dakota State University hard winter wheat breeding program.These breeding lines were assessed for FHB disease index(DIS),and percentage of Fusarium damaged kernels(FDK)in three FHB nurseries in 2018,2019,and 2020(TP18,TP19,and TP20)and were evaluated as training populations(TP)for genomic prediction(GP)of FHB traits.We observed a moderate PA using univariate models for DIS(0.39 and 0.35)and FDK(0.35 and 0.37)using TP19 and TP20,respectively,while slightly higher PA was observed(0.41 for DIS and 0.38 for FDK)when TP19 and TP20(TP19+20)were combined to leverage the advantage of a large training population.Although GP with multivariate approach including plant height and days to heading as covariates did not significantly improve PA for DIS and FDK over univariate models,PA for DON increased by 20%using DIS,FDK,DTH as covariates using multi-trait model in 2020.Finally,we used TP19,TP20,and TP19+20 in forward prediction to calculate genomic-estimated breeding values(GEBVs)for DIS and FDK in preliminary breeding lines at an early stage of the breeding program.We observed moderate PA of up to 0.59 for DIS and 0.54for FDK,demonstrating the promise in genomic prediction for FHB resistance in earlier stages using advanced lines.Our results suggest GP for expensive FHB traits like DON and FDK can facilitate the rejection of highly susceptible materials at an early stage in a breeding program.展开更多
为明确多粘类芽孢杆菌与甲基营养型芽孢杆菌混配对小麦赤霉病病原菌的联合毒力及最佳配比下的田间防效,采用平皿法测定了多粘类芽孢杆菌与甲基营养型芽孢杆菌及其不同比例混合物对小麦赤霉病病原菌的生物活性,并通过田间药效试验评价了...为明确多粘类芽孢杆菌与甲基营养型芽孢杆菌混配对小麦赤霉病病原菌的联合毒力及最佳配比下的田间防效,采用平皿法测定了多粘类芽孢杆菌与甲基营养型芽孢杆菌及其不同比例混合物对小麦赤霉病病原菌的生物活性,并通过田间药效试验评价了其对小麦赤霉病的防效。多粘类芽孢杆菌和甲基营养型芽孢杆菌混配比为2∶1时,增效作用最显著,增效系数为1.92。田间药效结果显示,400亿孢子/g多粘类芽孢杆菌·甲基营养型芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂对小麦赤霉病防效较好,使用剂量为20~40 m L/667 m2时,防治效果均可达到75%以上,试验期间,各药剂处理对小麦生长无影响、无药害,对其他非靶标生物无不良影响。400亿孢子/g多粘类芽孢杆菌·甲基营养型芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂可作为防控小麦赤霉病的有效药剂。展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Support Project for Functional Areas of Food Production in Ningbo City (200903C1011009)
文摘[Objective] This paper was to improve the current status that the fungicide carbendazim as the single agent was largely applied in the control against wheat scab. [Method] Five kinds of fungicides on sales and new agents against wheat scab were selected for field trials. [Result] 25% JS399-19 SC,30% tebuconazole·thiram WP,75% trifloxystrobin·tebuconazole WDG and 10% ZJ0712 JG could effectively control wheat scab,and the control effects of one time or two times application were better than control agent carbendazim; the control efficacy of two times application was improved in different degrees against one time application. [Conclusion] The paper provided basis for the control against wheat scab.
文摘Based on the survey of observation,the factors affecting prevalence degree of wheat scab( Gibberella zeae) were analyzed through coupling method. The results showed that the average diseased ear rate before harvest( disease index) was associated with the average relative humidity from April to early May,the average temperature from April to early May,and the interval from peak maturity stage of perithecium to full heading stage of wheat. The interval was used to measure the coincidence degree between release period of ascospore and ear period( heading to grouting stage). The prevalence of wheat scab was determined by coincidence degree and meteorological conditions of ear period. Quantitative prediction should be conducted,to improve prediction and control levels.
基金Supported by Independent Innovation Project of Agricultural Science and Technology in Jiangsu Province[CX(14)2126]
文摘With the increasing prevalence frequency and aggravating harm degree in the 21 stcentury,wheat scab had become a recurrent disease in eastern wheat area of Jiangsu Province. This paper reviewed general occurrence situation of wheat scab in eastern Jiangsu,and summarized its occurrence characteristics in last decade. The disease prevalence was elaborated from the aspects of fungal source quantity,climatic conditions,cultivation modes,variety resistance and pesticide resistance. The author put forward a series of measures and countermeasures,including strengthening resistance monitoring and early warning,promoting and cultivating disease-resistant varieties,compressing planting area of direct seeding rice,carrying out chemical control scientifically,and realizing unified prevention and control,in order to provide a scientific basis for the control of wheat scab.
文摘Using alloplasmic wheat as test materials, the genetic effect of cytoplasm on wheat scab resistance was studied by three methods including the determination of resistance of explant calli to Gibberella zeae toxin, the identification of inoculating single fixed position and the identification of field resistance. The results showed that among "the homonucleo_heterocytoplasmic lines", resistance of calli to G. zeae toxin was different; the difference of cytoplasmic effect among different nucleoplasm combinations showed certain nucleoplasm interaction relation. Resistance of hybrid F 1 plants of reciprocal cross between alloplasmic line and disease-sensitive wheat variety to wheat scab was of clear difference. Hybrid F 1 of reciprocal cross between Ae. ventricosa cytoplasmic wheat and disease-sensitive or -resistant wheat variety all exhibited fine resistance effect of alloplasm. Compared with general common wheat variety, most alloplasmic wheats tested have stronger resistance. A few selected lines having Ae. ventricosa cytoplasm have a strong and stable resistance to scab. They can be a finer new resistant source.
基金collectively funded by the USDA hatch projects SD00H695-20,USDA-ARS agreement 59-0206-0-177(USDAUSWBSI)the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant 2022-68013-36439(Wheat CAP)from the USDA National Institute of Food and AgricultureSouth Dakota Wheat Commission Grant 3X1340。
文摘Fusarium head blight(FHB),also known as scab,is a devastating fungal disease of wheat that causes significant losses in grain yield and quality.Quantitative inheritance and cumbersome phenotyping make FHB resistance a challenging trait for direct selection in wheat breeding.Genomic selection to predict FHB resistance traits has shown promise in several studies.Here,we used univariate and multivariate genomic prediction models to evaluate the prediction accuracy(PA)for different FHB traits using 476elite and advanced breeding lines developed by South Dakota State University hard winter wheat breeding program.These breeding lines were assessed for FHB disease index(DIS),and percentage of Fusarium damaged kernels(FDK)in three FHB nurseries in 2018,2019,and 2020(TP18,TP19,and TP20)and were evaluated as training populations(TP)for genomic prediction(GP)of FHB traits.We observed a moderate PA using univariate models for DIS(0.39 and 0.35)and FDK(0.35 and 0.37)using TP19 and TP20,respectively,while slightly higher PA was observed(0.41 for DIS and 0.38 for FDK)when TP19 and TP20(TP19+20)were combined to leverage the advantage of a large training population.Although GP with multivariate approach including plant height and days to heading as covariates did not significantly improve PA for DIS and FDK over univariate models,PA for DON increased by 20%using DIS,FDK,DTH as covariates using multi-trait model in 2020.Finally,we used TP19,TP20,and TP19+20 in forward prediction to calculate genomic-estimated breeding values(GEBVs)for DIS and FDK in preliminary breeding lines at an early stage of the breeding program.We observed moderate PA of up to 0.59 for DIS and 0.54for FDK,demonstrating the promise in genomic prediction for FHB resistance in earlier stages using advanced lines.Our results suggest GP for expensive FHB traits like DON and FDK can facilitate the rejection of highly susceptible materials at an early stage in a breeding program.
文摘为明确多粘类芽孢杆菌与甲基营养型芽孢杆菌混配对小麦赤霉病病原菌的联合毒力及最佳配比下的田间防效,采用平皿法测定了多粘类芽孢杆菌与甲基营养型芽孢杆菌及其不同比例混合物对小麦赤霉病病原菌的生物活性,并通过田间药效试验评价了其对小麦赤霉病的防效。多粘类芽孢杆菌和甲基营养型芽孢杆菌混配比为2∶1时,增效作用最显著,增效系数为1.92。田间药效结果显示,400亿孢子/g多粘类芽孢杆菌·甲基营养型芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂对小麦赤霉病防效较好,使用剂量为20~40 m L/667 m2时,防治效果均可达到75%以上,试验期间,各药剂处理对小麦生长无影响、无药害,对其他非靶标生物无不良影响。400亿孢子/g多粘类芽孢杆菌·甲基营养型芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂可作为防控小麦赤霉病的有效药剂。
