Nursing is known to be a stressful profession that can lead to physical and psychological health issues and behavioural problems.In oncology,workload among nurses is believed to be increasing in conjunction with rapid...Nursing is known to be a stressful profession that can lead to physical and psychological health issues and behavioural problems.In oncology,workload among nurses is believed to be increasing in conjunction with rapidly increasing numbers of patients with cancer and staff shortages worldwide,therefore it is essential to sustain a quality oncology nurse workforce.Numerous studies have presented evidence on job strain,effects of coping strategies,and nurses'work performance within healthcare settings,but few have focused on oncology settings and none of these on nurses working in Saudi Arabia.The purpose of this review was to summarize empirical and theoretical evidence concerning job-related stressors in nurses,particularly oncology nurses,and the interrelationships among job strain,coping strategies,and work performance in this population.Search strategies identified studies published on studies in peer-reviewed journals from 2004 to 2016.Twenty-five nursing studies were found examining the relationships among the concepts of interest.Common job-related stressors among oncology nurses were high job demands,dealing with death/dying,lack of job control,and interpersonal conflicts at work.Job strain was found to be significantly linked to coping strategies,and negatively associated with work performance among nurses in general.There is no existing empirical evidence to support the relationship between coping strategies and work performance among oncology nurses.The present evidence is limited,and a considerable amount of research is required in the future to expand the oncology nursing literature.Research is needed to investigate job-related stressors and their effects on oncology nurses.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to explore the association between posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and work performance of emergency medical services personnel in Karachi, Pakistan.METHODS: Emergency medi...BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to explore the association between posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and work performance of emergency medical services personnel in Karachi, Pakistan.METHODS: Emergency medical service personnel were screened for potential PTSD using Impact of Event Scale-Revised(IES-R). Work performance was assessed on the basis of fi ve variables: number of late arrivals to work, number of days absent, number of days sick, adherence to protocol, and patient satisfaction over a period of 3 months. In order to model outcomes like the number of late arrivals to work, days absent and days late, negative binomial regression was applied, whereas logistic regression was applied for adherence to protocol and linear for patient satisfaction scores.RESULTS: Mean scores of PTSD were 24.0±12.2. No association was found between PTSD and work performance measures: number of late arrivals to work(RRadj 0.99; 0.98–1.00), days absent(RRadj 0.98; 0.96–0.99), days sick(RRadj 0.99; 0.98–1.00), adherence to protocol(ORadj 1.01; 0.99–1.04) and patient satisfaction(β 0.001%–0.03%) after adjusting for years of formal schooling, living status, coping mechanism, social support, working hours, years of experience and anxiety or depression.CONCLUSION: No statistically significant association was found between PTSD and work performance amongst EMS personnel in Karachi, Pakistan.展开更多
This study examines the relationship between job satisfaction and performance,investigating personality traits and satisfaction aspects among employees of a Federal Higher Education Institution.A questionnaire was adm...This study examines the relationship between job satisfaction and performance,investigating personality traits and satisfaction aspects among employees of a Federal Higher Education Institution.A questionnaire was administered to 658 participants,using structural equation modeling for analysis.Results highlighted that challenging work,neuroticism,and self-esteem significantly influenced overall workplace satisfaction,while general satisfaction,self-efficacy,and lack of attention were key determinants of work performance.This emphasizes the importance for managers to prioritize factors enhancing employee satisfaction,as it positively correlates with job performance.展开更多
Fluid lubricated bearings have been widely adopted as support components for high-end equipment in metrology,semiconductor devices,aviation,strategic defense,ultraprecision manufacturing,medical treatment,and power ge...Fluid lubricated bearings have been widely adopted as support components for high-end equipment in metrology,semiconductor devices,aviation,strategic defense,ultraprecision manufacturing,medical treatment,and power generation.In all these applications,the equipment must deliver extreme working performances such as ultraprecise movement,ultrahigh rotation speed,ultraheavy bearing loads,ultrahigh environmental temperatures,strong radiation resistance,and high vacuum operation,which have challenged the design and optimization of reliable fluid lubricated bearings.Breakthrough of any related bottlenecks will promote the development course of high-end equipment.To promote the advancement of high-end equipment,this paper reviews the design and optimization of fluid lubricated bearings operated at typical extreme working performances,targeting the realization of extreme working performances,current challenges and solutions,underlying deficiencies,and promising developmental directions.This paper can guide the selection of suitable fluid lubricated bearings and optimize their structures to meet their required working performances.展开更多
This case study investigated employees’work performance and satisfaction in relation to sustainable design criteria used to design the interior of their office building.The case study is part of ongoing research to c...This case study investigated employees’work performance and satisfaction in relation to sustainable design criteria used to design the interior of their office building.The case study is part of ongoing research to continue testing a questionnaire for validity and reliability,which will contribute to the development of sustainable design/occupant scales relating to satisfaction and performance.A self-administered,Internet-based questionnaire was developed that reflects a set of recognized sustainable design guidelines.It was submitted to over 200 employees of a business housed in a newly built office building in a mid-western city.Generally positive results were found for employees’satisfaction with the new facility(site,building,and interior)and their performance as related to sustainable design criteria in the new facility.Dissatisfaction with acoustic and privacy conditions were found for employees of open-office workstation types(cubicles).Exploration of prior workstation types showed that moving from private offices to cubicles decreased employees’satisfaction with new cubicles compared to moving from cubicles in a prior building to cubicles in the new building,though dissatisfaction with these two criteria was found despite prior workstation type.These findings concur with other sustainable design studies and demonstrate that the questionnaire can be used by sustainable designers to document and explore design outcomes.展开更多
Objective:The objective of the study is to describe the work-related quality of life(WRQOL)among nurses and explore its association with performance evaluation ratings.Methods:A cross-sectional design was utilized mea...Objective:The objective of the study is to describe the work-related quality of life(WRQOL)among nurses and explore its association with performance evaluation ratings.Methods:A cross-sectional design was utilized measuring the WRQOL scale and the previous performance appraisal rating.Multistage sampling approach was utilized with nurses stratified based on their position and then systematically random sampled based on their unit assignment.Results:One hundred and eighty-two nurses were included.About half reported a high quality of work life(101;55.5%).Low scores were noted on the subscale working conditions(100;54.9%),low to average responses for home-work interface(109;59.9%),control at work(100;54.9%),and stress at work(90;49.5%).A higher proportion of nurses reported positive responses toward the areas of general well-being(113;62.1%)and job-career satisfaction(112;61.5%),than in the other subscales.There were notable differences between WRQOL ratings:(1)Head nurses had the highest perceived quality of work life,followed by nurse supervisors and charge nurses(F=6.1,P<0.01)and(2)Nurses in the pay-patient services reported lower quality of working life,while those in office and outpatient services had more positive scores(F=4.6,P<0.01).Conclusion:Only more than half of the nurses reported a high quality of work life,some of its dimensions,particularly job and career satisfaction and working conditions,appeared to vary in the perceived degree across years in service,work hours,and position.The assessment of the quality of work life may serve as an important tool to address staff burnout,absenteeism and other issues that affect job performance among health-care professionals.展开更多
There are some special spaces in which there is no air conditioning or the people are in move,thus exposing people to a hot environment.In this study,portable cooling systems were proposed and their effects on thermal...There are some special spaces in which there is no air conditioning or the people are in move,thus exposing people to a hot environment.In this study,portable cooling systems were proposed and their effects on thermal comfort and work performance were investigated at an air temperature of 32°C.Four conditions were established:cool air towards breathing zone(A),chest and back cooling(B)#combined cooling(C)and no cooling(D).Twenty-eight subjects were exposed to the four conditions in a counterbalanced order.During each exposure they performed tasks and made subjective assessments,while multiple physiological parameters were measured.Compared with no cooling(D),cool air towards breathing zone(A)and chest and back cooling(B)improved work performance by 17.5%and 19.25%,respectively,while decreased the subjects'thermal sensation,skin temperature,and heart rate.When the two cooling systems were combined(C),larger improvements in thermal comfort and work performance were achieved than no cooling(D);the mean thermal sensation rating decreased from 2.4 to 0.7;work performance increased by up to 33%,and physiological parameters including skin temperature,pulse,heart rate and salivary alpha-amylase significantly decreased.The present results suggest that the proposed portable cooling systems could maintain thermal comfort and work performance in a hot environment,while potentially improve air quality for some special spaces.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to determine the effects of job characteristics and work engagement on the nursing performance of nurses working in general hospitals.Methods:Data were collected from 169 nurses who are work...Objective:This study aimed to determine the effects of job characteristics and work engagement on the nursing performance of nurses working in general hospitals.Methods:Data were collected from 169 nurses who are working in a general hospital in South Korea by using a cross-sectional descriptive survey design.Results:Nurses’job characteristics and work engagement showed positive effects on nursing performance.This effect was magnified when work engagement was used as a mediating variable.Conclusions:The findings elucidate the factors influencing job performance and provide managers with important information for developing programs to improve the job skills and work engagement of nurses.展开更多
To achieve the secondary production in multistage fracturing wells of tight oil,milling tools are usually used to remove the multistage fracturing ball seats to achieve production with a large diameter in later.In thi...To achieve the secondary production in multistage fracturing wells of tight oil,milling tools are usually used to remove the multistage fracturing ball seats to achieve production with a large diameter in later.In this paper,first of all,the working mechanism of milling tools for multistage fracturing ball seats was studied and a mechanical analysis model of single abrasive grain was established.Then,an experimental system for milling tools was developed,and the experimental tests of the flat,the blade,and the slope milling tool were conducted in order.Besides,the morphology of chips and the surface morphology of the workpiece after the experiment were analyzed.Also,the working performance of milling tools was evaluated from the perspectives of working safety,working efficiency,and wear resistance of the milling tool.The results show that the torque of the milling tool increases nonlinearly with the increase in the cutting depth of the abrasive grain and increases linearly with the increase in the cutting width.Also,the chips are irregular particles and the size is mainly from 10 to 50μm.So,the chips should be pumped up with a small pump pressure and a large displacement.Besides this,the cutting depths of the abrasive grains are from 216.20 to 635.47μm and the bottom surface of the milling tool should be eccentric to avoid the zero point of cutting speed.Furthermore,the torque of the slope milling tool is 23.8%larger than that of the flat milling tool,which is also 30.4%smaller than that of the blade milling tool.Compared with the flat milling tool,the working efficiency of the blade milling tool improves by 79.9%and the slope milling tool improves by 111.1%.Also,the wear resistance of the blade milling tool decreases by 102.7%,while the slope milling tool declines by 32.6%when compared with the flat milling tool.Therefore,the slope milling tool has the characteristics of moderate torque,stable working conditions,the highest working efficiency,and fine wear resistance,which is preferably used to mill multistage fracturing ball seats.This study provides a theoretical basis and guidance for milling multistage fracturing ball seats on-site and realizing production with a large diameter in later stages of multistage fracturing wells.展开更多
Even all indoor environmental standards are met the users are usually not satisfied and perceived discomfort is occurred in the smart office buildings. The most frequently cause of discomfort in smart buildings is ove...Even all indoor environmental standards are met the users are usually not satisfied and perceived discomfort is occurred in the smart office buildings. The most frequently cause of discomfort in smart buildings is overrun of intelligence. There are physical and psychological factors that influenced building users＇ comfort. An indoor air quality seems to be one of the main problems of smart office buildings. In Slovakia the office buildings relating to indoor environment European standard are mostly evaluated as the non-low polluting buildings. The pollution from building as well as the pollution from occupancy and using was respected. The odor intensity and indoor air acceptability were assessed by a sensory panel. The concentrations of total volatile organic compounds and carbon dioxide were measured. The odors from building materials studied under different air change rate are presented in this paper. The case study of indoor air acceptability concerning to indoor odors under occupancy and its affect on perceived air quality influenced by air change rate are also presented in this paper.展开更多
The hypothesis ＂happy productive worker＂ states that happy employees, whose needs are satisfied in their workplace, have greater performance than unhappy employees. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to exam...The hypothesis ＂happy productive worker＂ states that happy employees, whose needs are satisfied in their workplace, have greater performance than unhappy employees. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine empirically the effects that job satisfaction and well-being at work generate on the individual job performance, investigating the moderating role that the components of the organizational structure play in this relationship. To achieve the main objective, some secondary objectives were proposed： （1） test the predictive effect of well-being, satisfaction, personal, and professional variables on individual performance; and （2） test the moderating effect of the components of the organizational structure in the relationship among well-being, satisfaction, and individual job performance. This research originates of a consolidated statement for the business society, but very few empirical studies. This way, the hypothesis consisted in the components of the organizational structure will positively enhance the relationship among well-being at work, job satisfaction, and individual job performance. The final sample consisted of 134 participants, of a clinical laboratory and of federal court of justice. For the development of the questionnaire, four instruments were used; one for each construct. The proposal has four relationship variables and the statistical procedure used to test this hypothesis was multiple linear regressions. Considering the hypothetical theoretical model presented, personal and professional variables are predictors of job performance; thus, these variables were also included as independent variables. The results of the regression model showed that the variables ＂age＂, ＂well-being at work＂, ＂job satisfaction＂, and ＂components of organizational structure＂ are responsible for explaining 64% of the variance of the variable criteria and individual job performance The moderating role of the variable ＂components of organizational structure＂ was also observed, because its inclusion increased the explained variance of the dependent variable. After all the discussions developed, the two main contributions appear： （1） the predictive effect of well-being at work in relation to performance and （2） identifying the moderating effect of the components of the organizational structure.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of collective bargaining on employee motivation in the Zimbabwean gold mining sector.The continued restless among employees at various gold mines in the midlands pr...The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of collective bargaining on employee motivation in the Zimbabwean gold mining sector.The continued restless among employees at various gold mines in the midlands province has resulted in productivity levels dwindling.There has been increased labour turnover by employees as well as increased union representation to management.Questionnaire were used to collect data.In this article a population of one thousand employees was used.A sample of two hundred employees was selected across the board.The results of the study indicate positive relationships between collective bargaining and job satisfaction among the employees in the Zimbabwean gold mining sector.Implications of these results are that the human resource interventions are required in order to create an environment in which employees can freely engage in collective bargaining.Furthermore,the results indicate that collective bargaining engenders intrinsic motivation and above all allows for the protection of employee’s rights and welfare as well as promoting industrial democracy.This study recommends that managers should guard against preventing or obstructing employees from seeking legal redress to protect their interest.In addition,labour officers should be given the right of reasonable access to workers during working hours at their organisations for the purposes of advising the workers on the law.The employees should be given a latitude to belong to a trade union and or workers committee.展开更多
Work study is an area of construction production rationalization in which with scientific, logical, holistic and system analysis methods of the process we gain optimum in way of work and time of work. Chronometry meth...Work study is an area of construction production rationalization in which with scientific, logical, holistic and system analysis methods of the process we gain optimum in way of work and time of work. Chronometry method is one of the work study methods which is appropriate for recording shorter cyclic processes and is based on statistical sampling theory. Determination of cyclic times and work performances of standard cyclic construction machines （SCCM） is one of key assumptions of dynamic planning of machine work on every construction site. Calculation methods of SCCM work performances arc one of basic research objects in the field of construction organization and technology. Study shows applied chronometry method in work of standard cyclic construction machine. Goal of this study is to accomplish regulation through measured time cycle and compare measured effects with effects obtained with standard methodology of calculating hydraulic excavator practical achievement for gaining regulation in order to determine main reasons which effect work performance on site.展开更多
Time, cost and quality are the three main targets to be controled in project management. However, the control and management of time and cost risk are usually carried out respectively, which will bring such problems a...Time, cost and quality are the three main targets to be controled in project management. However, the control and management of time and cost risk are usually carried out respectively, which will bring such problems as the delay of schedule by reason of the impracticability of cash flow, the money difficulties caused by delay of schedule and so on. In order to control and manage the time and cost risk effectively and simultaneously, a time & cost risk control model based on schedule programme was established with the use of the quantitativemodels of BCWS, BCWP and ACWP in this paper. Subsequently, the analysis of variance for the whole project and the single activity was introduced on the basis of BCWS, BCWP and ACWP so that the project can be controlled and managed effectively. Furthermore, an example given behind in detail expressly illustrated that the model set up above was practicableto project management. However, the method of optimizing the cash flow based on time and cost risk to obtain BCWS should be considered properlyand carefully with respect to the different circumstances of the project, and an efficient and adequate interval report system should be set up on the site of the project.展开更多
This study investigates the functioning mechanisms of how high performance work systems （HPWS） affect organizational performance. We propose that （HPWS） can positively affect organizational performance through the...This study investigates the functioning mechanisms of how high performance work systems （HPWS） affect organizational performance. We propose that （HPWS） can positively affect organizational performance through the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. An organization with high performance work systems can perform better if it enjoys high level of organizational learning. We design and administer a survey questionnaire to high-level executives or founders of companies from manufacturing and service industries and receive 176 valid responses. The results of the empirical data indicate that the relationship between high performance work systems and corporate performance is more positive when organizational learning is stronger. Entrepreneurial orientation partially mediates the relationship between high performance work systems and organizational performance. This study opens new research avenues by extending and incorporating explanations and predictions of HPWS and entrepreneurial orientation, two areas that largely have been considered independently of each other. Implications for practice and directions for future research are provided.展开更多
Employee creativity is both the core element of a firm＇s innovation capabilities and the sources for its growth. To improve an organization＇s ability to innovate, it is necessary to improve the creativity of its emp...Employee creativity is both the core element of a firm＇s innovation capabilities and the sources for its growth. To improve an organization＇s ability to innovate, it is necessary to improve the creativity of its employees. Based on theories from strategic human resource management, creativity and organizational learning, this paper investigates the relationship between high performance work systems and employee creativity and explores the role knowledge sharing plays in their relationship. A questionnaire is designed and administered to a group of part-time executive students in the winter of 2012. Two hundred students are invited to answer the survey questions with 117 valid responses. Data are collected and processed by using statistical regressions. The empirical findings reveal that high performance work systems positively affect knowledge sharing and employee creativity. Knowledge sharing plays a mediating role in the relationship between high performance work systems and employee creativity. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.展开更多
This paper introduces a set of electrical energy-saving system for commercial office buildings,aiming at making better use of solar energy and photovoltaic power generation.Solar energy is a renewable energy source,wh...This paper introduces a set of electrical energy-saving system for commercial office buildings,aiming at making better use of solar energy and photovoltaic power generation.Solar energy is a renewable energy source,which is inexhaustible clean energy and has great commercial application value.Based on this fact,we plan to design a unique and novel solar shutter in combination with the daily observation and the shape of solar panels.The shutter blades are equipped with an automatic light tracking system,and the angle of the blades can be adjusted in time through photoresistor induction,that is,as much solar energy as possible can be converted into electric energy for load use,and at the same time,comfortable light can be provided for the house.In essence,the system is a small photovoltaic power generation system,which runs all day with high-efficiency based on automatic sun tracking.Among them,the basic operation route includes:solar position detection,computer data processing,photovoltaic and electric volt energy conversion,circuit connection,etc.From the current debugging results,the shutter has the characteristics of humanization,high efficiency,cleanliness and so on.Through this energy-saving system,we hope to maximize the use of solar energy in the premise of low cost,so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving.展开更多
This study examines the key human resources factors that affect volunteers＇ service performance from the perspectives of volunteers and managers in the Beijing Summer Olympic Games of 2008. Survey data were collected...This study examines the key human resources factors that affect volunteers＇ service performance from the perspectives of volunteers and managers in the Beijing Summer Olympic Games of 2008. Survey data were collected from 1,727 volunteers and 243 managers at the Beijing Olympics test events held at 10 venues between November 2007 and April 2008. Regression analyses and a moderation test were combined to test the hypotheses. A set of high performance work systems （HPWS） for volunteers in the Beijing Summer Olympic Games were developed which include performance management, training, recognition, teamwork and volunteer participation. Volunteer HPWS were positively related to psychological empowerment, which was in turn positively related to service recovery performance. Moreover, transformational leadership moderates the relationship between volunteer HPWS and psychological empowerment in such a way that the relationship is stronger when transformational leadership is at a higher level than when it is at a lower level.Implications and limitations were also discussed.展开更多
文摘Nursing is known to be a stressful profession that can lead to physical and psychological health issues and behavioural problems.In oncology,workload among nurses is believed to be increasing in conjunction with rapidly increasing numbers of patients with cancer and staff shortages worldwide,therefore it is essential to sustain a quality oncology nurse workforce.Numerous studies have presented evidence on job strain,effects of coping strategies,and nurses'work performance within healthcare settings,but few have focused on oncology settings and none of these on nurses working in Saudi Arabia.The purpose of this review was to summarize empirical and theoretical evidence concerning job-related stressors in nurses,particularly oncology nurses,and the interrelationships among job strain,coping strategies,and work performance in this population.Search strategies identified studies published on studies in peer-reviewed journals from 2004 to 2016.Twenty-five nursing studies were found examining the relationships among the concepts of interest.Common job-related stressors among oncology nurses were high job demands,dealing with death/dying,lack of job control,and interpersonal conflicts at work.Job strain was found to be significantly linked to coping strategies,and negatively associated with work performance among nurses in general.There is no existing empirical evidence to support the relationship between coping strategies and work performance among oncology nurses.The present evidence is limited,and a considerable amount of research is required in the future to expand the oncology nursing literature.Research is needed to investigate job-related stressors and their effects on oncology nurses.
基金partially supported through the Johns Hopkins-Pakistan International Collaborative Trauma and Injury Research Training program(grant number 2D43-TW007-292)from the Fogarty International Center of the United States,National Institutes of Healthpartially supported from department of Community Health Sciences,Aga Khan University,Karachi,Pakistan
文摘BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to explore the association between posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and work performance of emergency medical services personnel in Karachi, Pakistan.METHODS: Emergency medical service personnel were screened for potential PTSD using Impact of Event Scale-Revised(IES-R). Work performance was assessed on the basis of fi ve variables: number of late arrivals to work, number of days absent, number of days sick, adherence to protocol, and patient satisfaction over a period of 3 months. In order to model outcomes like the number of late arrivals to work, days absent and days late, negative binomial regression was applied, whereas logistic regression was applied for adherence to protocol and linear for patient satisfaction scores.RESULTS: Mean scores of PTSD were 24.0±12.2. No association was found between PTSD and work performance measures: number of late arrivals to work(RRadj 0.99; 0.98–1.00), days absent(RRadj 0.98; 0.96–0.99), days sick(RRadj 0.99; 0.98–1.00), adherence to protocol(ORadj 1.01; 0.99–1.04) and patient satisfaction(β 0.001%–0.03%) after adjusting for years of formal schooling, living status, coping mechanism, social support, working hours, years of experience and anxiety or depression.CONCLUSION: No statistically significant association was found between PTSD and work performance amongst EMS personnel in Karachi, Pakistan.
文摘This study examines the relationship between job satisfaction and performance,investigating personality traits and satisfaction aspects among employees of a Federal Higher Education Institution.A questionnaire was administered to 658 participants,using structural equation modeling for analysis.Results highlighted that challenging work,neuroticism,and self-esteem significantly influenced overall workplace satisfaction,while general satisfaction,self-efficacy,and lack of attention were key determinants of work performance.This emphasizes the importance for managers to prioritize factors enhancing employee satisfaction,as it positively correlates with job performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China under Grant Nos.52206123,52075506,52205543,52322510,52275470 and 52105129Science and Technology Planning Project of Sichuan Province under Grant No.2021YJ0557+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province under Grant No.2023NSFSC1947Presidential Foundation of China Academy of Engineering PhysicsGrant No.YZJJZQ2022009。
文摘Fluid lubricated bearings have been widely adopted as support components for high-end equipment in metrology,semiconductor devices,aviation,strategic defense,ultraprecision manufacturing,medical treatment,and power generation.In all these applications,the equipment must deliver extreme working performances such as ultraprecise movement,ultrahigh rotation speed,ultraheavy bearing loads,ultrahigh environmental temperatures,strong radiation resistance,and high vacuum operation,which have challenged the design and optimization of reliable fluid lubricated bearings.Breakthrough of any related bottlenecks will promote the development course of high-end equipment.To promote the advancement of high-end equipment,this paper reviews the design and optimization of fluid lubricated bearings operated at typical extreme working performances,targeting the realization of extreme working performances,current challenges and solutions,underlying deficiencies,and promising developmental directions.This paper can guide the selection of suitable fluid lubricated bearings and optimize their structures to meet their required working performances.
文摘This case study investigated employees’work performance and satisfaction in relation to sustainable design criteria used to design the interior of their office building.The case study is part of ongoing research to continue testing a questionnaire for validity and reliability,which will contribute to the development of sustainable design/occupant scales relating to satisfaction and performance.A self-administered,Internet-based questionnaire was developed that reflects a set of recognized sustainable design guidelines.It was submitted to over 200 employees of a business housed in a newly built office building in a mid-western city.Generally positive results were found for employees’satisfaction with the new facility(site,building,and interior)and their performance as related to sustainable design criteria in the new facility.Dissatisfaction with acoustic and privacy conditions were found for employees of open-office workstation types(cubicles).Exploration of prior workstation types showed that moving from private offices to cubicles decreased employees’satisfaction with new cubicles compared to moving from cubicles in a prior building to cubicles in the new building,though dissatisfaction with these two criteria was found despite prior workstation type.These findings concur with other sustainable design studies and demonstrate that the questionnaire can be used by sustainable designers to document and explore design outcomes.
文摘Objective:The objective of the study is to describe the work-related quality of life(WRQOL)among nurses and explore its association with performance evaluation ratings.Methods:A cross-sectional design was utilized measuring the WRQOL scale and the previous performance appraisal rating.Multistage sampling approach was utilized with nurses stratified based on their position and then systematically random sampled based on their unit assignment.Results:One hundred and eighty-two nurses were included.About half reported a high quality of work life(101;55.5%).Low scores were noted on the subscale working conditions(100;54.9%),low to average responses for home-work interface(109;59.9%),control at work(100;54.9%),and stress at work(90;49.5%).A higher proportion of nurses reported positive responses toward the areas of general well-being(113;62.1%)and job-career satisfaction(112;61.5%),than in the other subscales.There were notable differences between WRQOL ratings:(1)Head nurses had the highest perceived quality of work life,followed by nurse supervisors and charge nurses(F=6.1,P<0.01)and(2)Nurses in the pay-patient services reported lower quality of working life,while those in office and outpatient services had more positive scores(F=4.6,P<0.01).Conclusion:Only more than half of the nurses reported a high quality of work life,some of its dimensions,particularly job and career satisfaction and working conditions,appeared to vary in the perceived degree across years in service,work hours,and position.The assessment of the quality of work life may serve as an important tool to address staff burnout,absenteeism and other issues that affect job performance among health-care professionals.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51778359 and No.51478260)the State Key Laboratory of Air Conditioning Equipment and System Energy Conservation(No.ACSKL2018KT04)。
文摘There are some special spaces in which there is no air conditioning or the people are in move,thus exposing people to a hot environment.In this study,portable cooling systems were proposed and their effects on thermal comfort and work performance were investigated at an air temperature of 32°C.Four conditions were established:cool air towards breathing zone(A),chest and back cooling(B)#combined cooling(C)and no cooling(D).Twenty-eight subjects were exposed to the four conditions in a counterbalanced order.During each exposure they performed tasks and made subjective assessments,while multiple physiological parameters were measured.Compared with no cooling(D),cool air towards breathing zone(A)and chest and back cooling(B)improved work performance by 17.5%and 19.25%,respectively,while decreased the subjects'thermal sensation,skin temperature,and heart rate.When the two cooling systems were combined(C),larger improvements in thermal comfort and work performance were achieved than no cooling(D);the mean thermal sensation rating decreased from 2.4 to 0.7;work performance increased by up to 33%,and physiological parameters including skin temperature,pulse,heart rate and salivary alpha-amylase significantly decreased.The present results suggest that the proposed portable cooling systems could maintain thermal comfort and work performance in a hot environment,while potentially improve air quality for some special spaces.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to determine the effects of job characteristics and work engagement on the nursing performance of nurses working in general hospitals.Methods:Data were collected from 169 nurses who are working in a general hospital in South Korea by using a cross-sectional descriptive survey design.Results:Nurses’job characteristics and work engagement showed positive effects on nursing performance.This effect was magnified when work engagement was used as a mediating variable.Conclusions:The findings elucidate the factors influencing job performance and provide managers with important information for developing programs to improve the job skills and work engagement of nurses.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project under Grant Nos.2016ZX05042004 and 2017ZX05072the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.U1762104+2 种基金the Postgraduate Innovation Project Foundation under Grant No.YCX2019054the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.20CX02306Athe Opening Fund of National Engineering Laboratory of Offshore Geophysical and Exploration Equipment。
文摘To achieve the secondary production in multistage fracturing wells of tight oil,milling tools are usually used to remove the multistage fracturing ball seats to achieve production with a large diameter in later.In this paper,first of all,the working mechanism of milling tools for multistage fracturing ball seats was studied and a mechanical analysis model of single abrasive grain was established.Then,an experimental system for milling tools was developed,and the experimental tests of the flat,the blade,and the slope milling tool were conducted in order.Besides,the morphology of chips and the surface morphology of the workpiece after the experiment were analyzed.Also,the working performance of milling tools was evaluated from the perspectives of working safety,working efficiency,and wear resistance of the milling tool.The results show that the torque of the milling tool increases nonlinearly with the increase in the cutting depth of the abrasive grain and increases linearly with the increase in the cutting width.Also,the chips are irregular particles and the size is mainly from 10 to 50μm.So,the chips should be pumped up with a small pump pressure and a large displacement.Besides this,the cutting depths of the abrasive grains are from 216.20 to 635.47μm and the bottom surface of the milling tool should be eccentric to avoid the zero point of cutting speed.Furthermore,the torque of the slope milling tool is 23.8%larger than that of the flat milling tool,which is also 30.4%smaller than that of the blade milling tool.Compared with the flat milling tool,the working efficiency of the blade milling tool improves by 79.9%and the slope milling tool improves by 111.1%.Also,the wear resistance of the blade milling tool decreases by 102.7%,while the slope milling tool declines by 32.6%when compared with the flat milling tool.Therefore,the slope milling tool has the characteristics of moderate torque,stable working conditions,the highest working efficiency,and fine wear resistance,which is preferably used to mill multistage fracturing ball seats.This study provides a theoretical basis and guidance for milling multistage fracturing ball seats on-site and realizing production with a large diameter in later stages of multistage fracturing wells.
文摘Even all indoor environmental standards are met the users are usually not satisfied and perceived discomfort is occurred in the smart office buildings. The most frequently cause of discomfort in smart buildings is overrun of intelligence. There are physical and psychological factors that influenced building users＇ comfort. An indoor air quality seems to be one of the main problems of smart office buildings. In Slovakia the office buildings relating to indoor environment European standard are mostly evaluated as the non-low polluting buildings. The pollution from building as well as the pollution from occupancy and using was respected. The odor intensity and indoor air acceptability were assessed by a sensory panel. The concentrations of total volatile organic compounds and carbon dioxide were measured. The odors from building materials studied under different air change rate are presented in this paper. The case study of indoor air acceptability concerning to indoor odors under occupancy and its affect on perceived air quality influenced by air change rate are also presented in this paper.
文摘The hypothesis ＂happy productive worker＂ states that happy employees, whose needs are satisfied in their workplace, have greater performance than unhappy employees. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine empirically the effects that job satisfaction and well-being at work generate on the individual job performance, investigating the moderating role that the components of the organizational structure play in this relationship. To achieve the main objective, some secondary objectives were proposed： （1） test the predictive effect of well-being, satisfaction, personal, and professional variables on individual performance; and （2） test the moderating effect of the components of the organizational structure in the relationship among well-being, satisfaction, and individual job performance. This research originates of a consolidated statement for the business society, but very few empirical studies. This way, the hypothesis consisted in the components of the organizational structure will positively enhance the relationship among well-being at work, job satisfaction, and individual job performance. The final sample consisted of 134 participants, of a clinical laboratory and of federal court of justice. For the development of the questionnaire, four instruments were used; one for each construct. The proposal has four relationship variables and the statistical procedure used to test this hypothesis was multiple linear regressions. Considering the hypothetical theoretical model presented, personal and professional variables are predictors of job performance; thus, these variables were also included as independent variables. The results of the regression model showed that the variables ＂age＂, ＂well-being at work＂, ＂job satisfaction＂, and ＂components of organizational structure＂ are responsible for explaining 64% of the variance of the variable criteria and individual job performance The moderating role of the variable ＂components of organizational structure＂ was also observed, because its inclusion increased the explained variance of the dependent variable. After all the discussions developed, the two main contributions appear： （1） the predictive effect of well-being at work in relation to performance and （2） identifying the moderating effect of the components of the organizational structure.
文摘The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of collective bargaining on employee motivation in the Zimbabwean gold mining sector.The continued restless among employees at various gold mines in the midlands province has resulted in productivity levels dwindling.There has been increased labour turnover by employees as well as increased union representation to management.Questionnaire were used to collect data.In this article a population of one thousand employees was used.A sample of two hundred employees was selected across the board.The results of the study indicate positive relationships between collective bargaining and job satisfaction among the employees in the Zimbabwean gold mining sector.Implications of these results are that the human resource interventions are required in order to create an environment in which employees can freely engage in collective bargaining.Furthermore,the results indicate that collective bargaining engenders intrinsic motivation and above all allows for the protection of employee’s rights and welfare as well as promoting industrial democracy.This study recommends that managers should guard against preventing or obstructing employees from seeking legal redress to protect their interest.In addition,labour officers should be given the right of reasonable access to workers during working hours at their organisations for the purposes of advising the workers on the law.The employees should be given a latitude to belong to a trade union and or workers committee.
文摘Work study is an area of construction production rationalization in which with scientific, logical, holistic and system analysis methods of the process we gain optimum in way of work and time of work. Chronometry method is one of the work study methods which is appropriate for recording shorter cyclic processes and is based on statistical sampling theory. Determination of cyclic times and work performances of standard cyclic construction machines （SCCM） is one of key assumptions of dynamic planning of machine work on every construction site. Calculation methods of SCCM work performances arc one of basic research objects in the field of construction organization and technology. Study shows applied chronometry method in work of standard cyclic construction machine. Goal of this study is to accomplish regulation through measured time cycle and compare measured effects with effects obtained with standard methodology of calculating hydraulic excavator practical achievement for gaining regulation in order to determine main reasons which effect work performance on site.
文摘Time, cost and quality are the three main targets to be controled in project management. However, the control and management of time and cost risk are usually carried out respectively, which will bring such problems as the delay of schedule by reason of the impracticability of cash flow, the money difficulties caused by delay of schedule and so on. In order to control and manage the time and cost risk effectively and simultaneously, a time & cost risk control model based on schedule programme was established with the use of the quantitativemodels of BCWS, BCWP and ACWP in this paper. Subsequently, the analysis of variance for the whole project and the single activity was introduced on the basis of BCWS, BCWP and ACWP so that the project can be controlled and managed effectively. Furthermore, an example given behind in detail expressly illustrated that the model set up above was practicableto project management. However, the method of optimizing the cash flow based on time and cost risk to obtain BCWS should be considered properlyand carefully with respect to the different circumstances of the project, and an efficient and adequate interval report system should be set up on the site of the project.
文摘This study investigates the functioning mechanisms of how high performance work systems （HPWS） affect organizational performance. We propose that （HPWS） can positively affect organizational performance through the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation. An organization with high performance work systems can perform better if it enjoys high level of organizational learning. We design and administer a survey questionnaire to high-level executives or founders of companies from manufacturing and service industries and receive 176 valid responses. The results of the empirical data indicate that the relationship between high performance work systems and corporate performance is more positive when organizational learning is stronger. Entrepreneurial orientation partially mediates the relationship between high performance work systems and organizational performance. This study opens new research avenues by extending and incorporating explanations and predictions of HPWS and entrepreneurial orientation, two areas that largely have been considered independently of each other. Implications for practice and directions for future research are provided.
文摘Employee creativity is both the core element of a firm＇s innovation capabilities and the sources for its growth. To improve an organization＇s ability to innovate, it is necessary to improve the creativity of its employees. Based on theories from strategic human resource management, creativity and organizational learning, this paper investigates the relationship between high performance work systems and employee creativity and explores the role knowledge sharing plays in their relationship. A questionnaire is designed and administered to a group of part-time executive students in the winter of 2012. Two hundred students are invited to answer the survey questions with 117 valid responses. Data are collected and processed by using statistical regressions. The empirical findings reveal that high performance work systems positively affect knowledge sharing and employee creativity. Knowledge sharing plays a mediating role in the relationship between high performance work systems and employee creativity. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
文摘This paper introduces a set of electrical energy-saving system for commercial office buildings,aiming at making better use of solar energy and photovoltaic power generation.Solar energy is a renewable energy source,which is inexhaustible clean energy and has great commercial application value.Based on this fact,we plan to design a unique and novel solar shutter in combination with the daily observation and the shape of solar panels.The shutter blades are equipped with an automatic light tracking system,and the angle of the blades can be adjusted in time through photoresistor induction,that is,as much solar energy as possible can be converted into electric energy for load use,and at the same time,comfortable light can be provided for the house.In essence,the system is a small photovoltaic power generation system,which runs all day with high-efficiency based on automatic sun tracking.Among them,the basic operation route includes:solar position detection,computer data processing,photovoltaic and electric volt energy conversion,circuit connection,etc.From the current debugging results,the shutter has the characteristics of humanization,high efficiency,cleanliness and so on.Through this energy-saving system,we hope to maximize the use of solar energy in the premise of low cost,so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving.
文摘This study examines the key human resources factors that affect volunteers＇ service performance from the perspectives of volunteers and managers in the Beijing Summer Olympic Games of 2008. Survey data were collected from 1,727 volunteers and 243 managers at the Beijing Olympics test events held at 10 venues between November 2007 and April 2008. Regression analyses and a moderation test were combined to test the hypotheses. A set of high performance work systems （HPWS） for volunteers in the Beijing Summer Olympic Games were developed which include performance management, training, recognition, teamwork and volunteer participation. Volunteer HPWS were positively related to psychological empowerment, which was in turn positively related to service recovery performance. Moreover, transformational leadership moderates the relationship between volunteer HPWS and psychological empowerment in such a way that the relationship is stronger when transformational leadership is at a higher level than when it is at a lower level.Implications and limitations were also discussed.
