This study mainly discusses the relationship between middle school teachers’mental health and work stress in Guangzhou.This study uses questionnaire survey method to examine 237 teachers in Guangzhou,and adopts SPSS2...This study mainly discusses the relationship between middle school teachers’mental health and work stress in Guangzhou.This study uses questionnaire survey method to examine 237 teachers in Guangzhou,and adopts SPSS26.0 to conduct independent sample t-test,ANOVA,correlation analysis,and regression analysis to draw the conclusion.The results show that:(1)The work pressure of middle school teachers in Guangzhou is above the medium level,and their mental health is at the middle level.(2)Under the influence of different gender,position,age,teaching years,and teaching objects,the pressure of middle school teachers is different.(3)There is a significant positive correlation between teachers’work stress and the dimensions of self-confidence loss and social dysfunction of mental health.(4)Work stress can effectively predict the level of mental health.Therefore,we need to understand the pressure sources of middle school teachers to develop measures to alleviate the pressure of teachers and improve the mental health of middle school teachers.展开更多
There are various factors that contribute to work stress.These stem from both organisational and extra-organisational contexts.The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of both organisational and extra-organi...There are various factors that contribute to work stress.These stem from both organisational and extra-organisational contexts.The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of both organisational and extra-organisational factors on work stress a—mong married female teachers.The study found that the three organisational factors i.e.management and administration,pupil recalcitrance and time demands were significantly correlated with work stress.As for the extra-organisational factors,only personal problems variable was found significantly correlated with work stress.A number of studies of teacher stress have been commissioned over the past decade by the major teaching unions.展开更多
Nurses’ roles expose them to a lot of stress based upon the physical labour, exposure to human suffering, lengthy work hours, poor staffing, and interpersonal relationships that are central to the work they do. Nurse...Nurses’ roles expose them to a lot of stress based upon the physical labour, exposure to human suffering, lengthy work hours, poor staffing, and interpersonal relationships that are central to the work they do. Nurses are expected to deliver humane, empathetic, culturally-sensitive and proficient care in working environments with limited resources and increasing responsibilities. Such imbalance between providing high quality care with limited resources leads to physical and mental stress. This stressful nature of nursing can ultimately lead to job dissatisfaction and burnout which among health care providers are important issues since they affect turnover rates, staff retention and ultimately the quality of patient care. A thoroughly validated self developed questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.78 was used to explore the effect of work environment on the level of work stress and burnout among nurses. A purposive sampling technique was utilized to select 100 participants from the medical unit of the hospital. Three hypotheses were tested at a significant level of 0.05. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Pearson’s Correlation. The study revealed that level of stress was higher among the staff nurses who had worked for only between 0 and 3 years, with mean stress score 46.0000. Findings further revealed that as the cadre rose, the nurses assumed that managerial roles were accountable for increased subordinates and oversee health related and administrative responsibilities and they experienced more stress. Also there is a significant relationship among work environment, stress and burnout among the nurses in the selected unit. In conclusion, though work conditions and environment are not favourable, there are job security and good interpersonal relationship among the nurses which cushion the stressful situations. It is therefore recommended that the management of the hospitals should provide a conducive work environment, providing necessary resources and adequate break periods to ensure staff welfare.展开更多
The Japanese have a word for death from overwork –“Karoshi” and in China it is called as “guolaosi”, it is an occupational sudden death. The major medical causes of Karoshi deaths are heart attack and stroke due ...The Japanese have a word for death from overwork –“Karoshi” and in China it is called as “guolaosi”, it is an occupational sudden death. The major medical causes of Karoshi deaths are heart attack and stroke due to stress including subarachnoidal hemorrhage (18.4%), cerebral hemorrhage (17.2%), cerebral thrombosis or infraction (6.8%), myocardial infraction (9.8%), heart failure (18.7%), and other causes (29.1%). Victims of Karashi are seldom compensated under the Japanese workers’ compensation system; nearly 1000 victims of death from work in Japan applied for workers’ compensation each year and just have 5 to 10% granted approval. In 2002, there were 160 persons recognized as "death from over work” by Ministry of Labor in Japan. Estimated by scholars Etsuro Totsuka and Toshio Ueyanangi in their essay published in 1991 that more than 10,000 workers die from work-related cardiovascular diseases in Japan each year. From the report, the ages between 40 to 60 occupied 70% and male workers occupied 94%. At present, “death from over work” is no longer unique to Japan. Following by economic competition and development, the workers in China are also suffering high work stress and the cases of death from overwork are getting more and more. In North America and Western Europe, a number of studies have demonstrated a significant relationship between high work stress (high production demands and low levels of control and social support) and cardiovascular disease.展开更多
Introduction: Work-related stress has become a global issue in the nursing workplace, with about 9.20% - 68.0% of nurses globally experiencing stress. Conversely, work-related stress ranges between 20% and 40% in nurs...Introduction: Work-related stress has become a global issue in the nursing workplace, with about 9.20% - 68.0% of nurses globally experiencing stress. Conversely, work-related stress ranges between 20% and 40% in nursing. Other researchers noted that 35.1% of nurses globally experienced elevated stress levels. Stress can damage well-being and lead to coping, which can, directly and indirectly, improve well-being through a perceived state. Nurses need coping mechanisms to manage their stress levels and maintain stability. Coping mechanisms can vary greatly depending on a nurse’s culture and background. Numerous findings indicate that managing stress is more critical than the cause of stress and that the more successful a stress-management approach, the less damage stress brings. Objective: In response to this, it is necessary to explore Omani nurses’ stress level and their coping strategies working in tertiary governmental hospitals in Muscat. Methods: The sample size for this study was 383 Omani nurses, with a 100% response rate. This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design from 15 October 2020 to 30 November 2020. Samples were selected through proportionate population sampling (PPS) from the five selected tertiary hospitals. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaires using a perceived stress scale and Ways of Coping. A simple random sample within a stratum (each hospital admitting ward) was done to identify the study participants. The sample size for this study was 383 Omani nurses, with a 100% response rate. Results: About 83.3% of participants had a moderate perceived level of stress with an overall mean perceived stress level of 18.46 ± 4.52. The most common sources of perceived stress are feeling nervous and “stressed” in the last month (2.30 ± 0.95). According to the ways of coping strategies, nurses seemed to be resorting to more “planful problem” (mean = 11.04) and least was seeking social support (mean = 9.67). Conclusion: This study highlighted the work-related stress level of staff nurses, explored their ways of coping and determined the relationship between work-related stress levels and methods of coping. The key finding of this study was that the frequency of stress reported by nurses was high enough to suggest that their stress levels were significant, given the demanding nature of their profession that requires maximum attention. Additionally, nurses seemed to resort to more planful problem-solving mechanisms to deal with their stressful situations than other coping strategies.展开更多
With reference to the Job Demands-Control Model,we empirically examine the effect of auditors' work stress on audit quality using a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies and their signature auditors from 2009...With reference to the Job Demands-Control Model,we empirically examine the effect of auditors' work stress on audit quality using a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies and their signature auditors from 2009 to 2013.The results show that(1) there is generally no pervasive deterioration in audit quality resulting from auditors' work stress;(2) there is a significant negative association between work stress and audit quality in the initial audits of new clients;and(3) the perception of work stress depends on auditors' individual characteristics.Auditors from international audit firms and those in the role of partner respond more strongly to work stress than industry experts.Auditors tend to react more intensively when dealing with state-owned companies.We suggest that audit firms attach more importance to auditors' work stress and rationalize their allocation of audit resources to ensure high audit quality.展开更多
借助于对Work and Stress所发表论文的分析,对职业健康心理学的发展进行综述。利用CiteSpace对发表在Work and Stress的所有论文进行分析,结果发现:①Work and Stress在1987年第1卷第1期至2013年第27卷第2期间,共发表论文898篇,年度发...借助于对Work and Stress所发表论文的分析,对职业健康心理学的发展进行综述。利用CiteSpace对发表在Work and Stress的所有论文进行分析,结果发现:①Work and Stress在1987年第1卷第1期至2013年第27卷第2期间,共发表论文898篇,年度发文量呈下降趋势;②职业健康心理学研究领域的高频关键词为stress、health、work、burnout、occupational stress等;③职业健康心理学领域的高被引文献为Job demands,job decision latitude,and mental strain:Implications for job redesign和The relationship between job strain,workplace diastolic blood pressure,and left ventricular mass index等;④在Work and Stress发表的论文中,引用次数最多的期刊为Work and Stress、Journal of Applied Psychology和Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,引用次数最多的作者为Karasek。⑤在Work and Stress上发文最多的国家为英国,发文最多的机构为Radboud University Nijmegen,发文最多的作者为Cox。职业健康心理学在过去的若干年中受到各国学者的关注,发展迅速。展开更多
BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to explore the association between posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and work performance of emergency medical services personnel in Karachi, Pakistan.METHODS: Emergency medi...BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to explore the association between posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and work performance of emergency medical services personnel in Karachi, Pakistan.METHODS: Emergency medical service personnel were screened for potential PTSD using Impact of Event Scale-Revised(IES-R). Work performance was assessed on the basis of fi ve variables: number of late arrivals to work, number of days absent, number of days sick, adherence to protocol, and patient satisfaction over a period of 3 months. In order to model outcomes like the number of late arrivals to work, days absent and days late, negative binomial regression was applied, whereas logistic regression was applied for adherence to protocol and linear for patient satisfaction scores.RESULTS: Mean scores of PTSD were 24.0±12.2. No association was found between PTSD and work performance measures: number of late arrivals to work(RRadj 0.99; 0.98–1.00), days absent(RRadj 0.98; 0.96–0.99), days sick(RRadj 0.99; 0.98–1.00), adherence to protocol(ORadj 1.01; 0.99–1.04) and patient satisfaction(β 0.001%–0.03%) after adjusting for years of formal schooling, living status, coping mechanism, social support, working hours, years of experience and anxiety or depression.CONCLUSION: No statistically significant association was found between PTSD and work performance amongst EMS personnel in Karachi, Pakistan.展开更多
The relatively high stress probably leads to generation of a fractured or even instable area around a working coalface. Also, the generated weak area often evolves into an easy-infiltrating field of water/gas to great...The relatively high stress probably leads to generation of a fractured or even instable area around a working coalface. Also, the generated weak area often evolves into an easy-infiltrating field of water/gas to greatly increase probability of accident occurrence. To reveal the distribution of high stress around working faces, we put forward the mode-I-crack compression model. In this model, the goaf following a working face is regarded as a mode-I crack in an infinite plate, and the self-gravity of overlaying strata is transformed into an uniform pressure applied normal to the upper edge of the model crack. Solving this problem is based on the Westergaard complex stress function. For comparison, the software RFPA-2D is also employed to simulate the same mining problem, and furthermore extendedly to calculate the stress interference induced by the simultaneous advances of two different working faces. The results show that, the area close to a working face or the goaf tail has the maximum stress, and the stress is distributed directly proportional to the square root of the advance and inversely proportional to the square root of the distance to the working face. The simultaneous advances of two neighboring working faces in different horizontals can lead to extremely high resultant stress in an interference area.展开更多
Working memory is an executive function that is highly dependent on the functioning of the prefrontal cortex. Several studies using food or drink as rewards have demonstrated that rats are capable of performing tasks ...Working memory is an executive function that is highly dependent on the functioning of the prefrontal cortex. Several studies using food or drink as rewards have demonstrated that rats are capable of performing tasks that involve working memory. Sexual behavior is another highly-rewarding, motivated behavior that has proven to be an efficient incentive in classical operant tasks. Considering that both sexual behavior and working memory are sensitive to the effects of stress, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of acute stress on visuospatial working memory during a sexually-motivated task (a nonmatching-to-sample task in a T-maze) in male rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were trained in the T-maze using sexual interaction (intromission and ejaculation) as a reinforcer during a 4-day training period (training sessions held every 4th day). On the basis of their performance, the rats were classified as good-learners (n = 12) and bad-learners (n = 20), and on the fifth day, 6 good-learners and 10 bad-learners were subjected to stress using the cold water immersion model (CWI, 15°C) for 15 minutes before they were evaluated in the T-maze. The remaining rats made up the control group (i.e., they performed the task without previous stress). Results showed that acute stress by CWI improved working memory in the bad-learners but did not affect the performance of the good-learners, although in both groups (good- and bad-learners) stress decreased the sexual motivation to perform the task. It is probable that the increased levels of corticosterone in the stress situation could activate glutamatergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex, thus facilitating working memory and, simultaneously, decreasing testosterone levels, which exerts a negative effect on sexual motivation in these male rats.展开更多
Based on the FEA software ANSYS,a model was developed to simulate the thermal stress distribution of inert anode.In order to reduce its thermal stress,the effect of some parameters on thermal stress distribution was i...Based on the FEA software ANSYS,a model was developed to simulate the thermal stress distribution of inert anode.In order to reduce its thermal stress,the effect of some parameters on thermal stress distribution was investigated,including the temperature of electrolyte,the current,the anode cathode distance,the anode immersion depth,the surrounding temperature and the convection coefficient between anode and circumstance.The results show that there exists a large axial tensile stress near the tangent interface between the anode and bath,which is the major cause of anode breaking.Increasing the temperature of electrolyte or the anode immersion depth will deteriorate the stress distribution of inert anode.When the bath temperature increases from 750 to 970 ℃,the maximal value and absolute minimal value of the 1st principal stress increase by 29.7% and 29.6%,respectively.When the anode immersion depth is changed from 1 to 10 cm,the maximal value and absolute minimal value of the 1st principal stress increase by 52.1% and 65.0%,respectively.The effects of other parameters on stress distribution are not significant.展开更多
Those workers most vulnerable to pressure tend to suffer from scarce social and personal resources with which to respond adaptively to stress. In this case, the effects of psychoactive substances may exceed the stress...Those workers most vulnerable to pressure tend to suffer from scarce social and personal resources with which to respond adaptively to stress. In this case, the effects of psychoactive substances may exceed the stressed worker’s positive expectations. Thus, the aim is to analyze the scientific evidence on the relationship between drug abuse and workplace stress, based on an integrative review of the literature. Data were collected in February 2016 from the databases of the Virtual Health Library and PubMed. The final sample of 16 articles was divided into two categories: alcohol and drugs abuse in professions with high degree of psychosocial hazards and risks, and alcohol and drugs abuse for workplace stress in other professions. A relationship between precarious conditions, the nature of the work and its influence on drug abuse could be seen. However, other variables may strengthen psychoactive drug use as a coping strategy for stress.展开更多
The aim of this study is to elaborate a tool, the “Naples-Questionnaire of Work Distress” (nQ-WD), in order to evaluate the conditions of discomfort perceived in the working field. It tries to differentiate the dysf...The aim of this study is to elaborate a tool, the “Naples-Questionnaire of Work Distress” (nQ-WD), in order to evaluate the conditions of discomfort perceived in the working field. It tries to differentiate the dysfunctional phenomena more tied to the anomalies of the interpersonal relationships (bullying at work-place) from the phenomena more clearly related to organizational dysfunctions. The inventory measures the overall effects of these two areas on the subject and the spin-off in term of bio-psycho-social functioning. The questionnaire has been administered to a group of 178 workers who showed a work-related psychopathological disturbance and to a control group of 178 subjects without exposure to bullying at workplace or to organizational distress. The statistical analysis demonstrated degree of significant validity and reliability. The degree of internal coherence of the answers proposed is satisfactory. The ROC curves allow the determination of a threshold value which allows separating the workers subjected to mobbing and/or organizational stress from control-workers with an optimal reliability degree. The values of the area under the ROC curves show that the inventory has a high discriminating capacity.展开更多
基金This article is granted by The Chinese National Planning Office of Philosophy and Social Science(NSSFC)2018 pedagogy project“Research for Citizen in Great Countries and Value Recognition in New Era”,No.BEA180114.
文摘This study mainly discusses the relationship between middle school teachers’mental health and work stress in Guangzhou.This study uses questionnaire survey method to examine 237 teachers in Guangzhou,and adopts SPSS26.0 to conduct independent sample t-test,ANOVA,correlation analysis,and regression analysis to draw the conclusion.The results show that:(1)The work pressure of middle school teachers in Guangzhou is above the medium level,and their mental health is at the middle level.(2)Under the influence of different gender,position,age,teaching years,and teaching objects,the pressure of middle school teachers is different.(3)There is a significant positive correlation between teachers’work stress and the dimensions of self-confidence loss and social dysfunction of mental health.(4)Work stress can effectively predict the level of mental health.Therefore,we need to understand the pressure sources of middle school teachers to develop measures to alleviate the pressure of teachers and improve the mental health of middle school teachers.
基金funded by Anhui Educational Department"Outstanding Youth Teacher Program,2014"
文摘There are various factors that contribute to work stress.These stem from both organisational and extra-organisational contexts.The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of both organisational and extra-organisational factors on work stress a—mong married female teachers.The study found that the three organisational factors i.e.management and administration,pupil recalcitrance and time demands were significantly correlated with work stress.As for the extra-organisational factors,only personal problems variable was found significantly correlated with work stress.A number of studies of teacher stress have been commissioned over the past decade by the major teaching unions.
文摘Nurses’ roles expose them to a lot of stress based upon the physical labour, exposure to human suffering, lengthy work hours, poor staffing, and interpersonal relationships that are central to the work they do. Nurses are expected to deliver humane, empathetic, culturally-sensitive and proficient care in working environments with limited resources and increasing responsibilities. Such imbalance between providing high quality care with limited resources leads to physical and mental stress. This stressful nature of nursing can ultimately lead to job dissatisfaction and burnout which among health care providers are important issues since they affect turnover rates, staff retention and ultimately the quality of patient care. A thoroughly validated self developed questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.78 was used to explore the effect of work environment on the level of work stress and burnout among nurses. A purposive sampling technique was utilized to select 100 participants from the medical unit of the hospital. Three hypotheses were tested at a significant level of 0.05. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Pearson’s Correlation. The study revealed that level of stress was higher among the staff nurses who had worked for only between 0 and 3 years, with mean stress score 46.0000. Findings further revealed that as the cadre rose, the nurses assumed that managerial roles were accountable for increased subordinates and oversee health related and administrative responsibilities and they experienced more stress. Also there is a significant relationship among work environment, stress and burnout among the nurses in the selected unit. In conclusion, though work conditions and environment are not favourable, there are job security and good interpersonal relationship among the nurses which cushion the stressful situations. It is therefore recommended that the management of the hospitals should provide a conducive work environment, providing necessary resources and adequate break periods to ensure staff welfare.
文摘The Japanese have a word for death from overwork –“Karoshi” and in China it is called as “guolaosi”, it is an occupational sudden death. The major medical causes of Karoshi deaths are heart attack and stroke due to stress including subarachnoidal hemorrhage (18.4%), cerebral hemorrhage (17.2%), cerebral thrombosis or infraction (6.8%), myocardial infraction (9.8%), heart failure (18.7%), and other causes (29.1%). Victims of Karashi are seldom compensated under the Japanese workers’ compensation system; nearly 1000 victims of death from work in Japan applied for workers’ compensation each year and just have 5 to 10% granted approval. In 2002, there were 160 persons recognized as "death from over work” by Ministry of Labor in Japan. Estimated by scholars Etsuro Totsuka and Toshio Ueyanangi in their essay published in 1991 that more than 10,000 workers die from work-related cardiovascular diseases in Japan each year. From the report, the ages between 40 to 60 occupied 70% and male workers occupied 94%. At present, “death from over work” is no longer unique to Japan. Following by economic competition and development, the workers in China are also suffering high work stress and the cases of death from overwork are getting more and more. In North America and Western Europe, a number of studies have demonstrated a significant relationship between high work stress (high production demands and low levels of control and social support) and cardiovascular disease.
文摘Introduction: Work-related stress has become a global issue in the nursing workplace, with about 9.20% - 68.0% of nurses globally experiencing stress. Conversely, work-related stress ranges between 20% and 40% in nursing. Other researchers noted that 35.1% of nurses globally experienced elevated stress levels. Stress can damage well-being and lead to coping, which can, directly and indirectly, improve well-being through a perceived state. Nurses need coping mechanisms to manage their stress levels and maintain stability. Coping mechanisms can vary greatly depending on a nurse’s culture and background. Numerous findings indicate that managing stress is more critical than the cause of stress and that the more successful a stress-management approach, the less damage stress brings. Objective: In response to this, it is necessary to explore Omani nurses’ stress level and their coping strategies working in tertiary governmental hospitals in Muscat. Methods: The sample size for this study was 383 Omani nurses, with a 100% response rate. This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design from 15 October 2020 to 30 November 2020. Samples were selected through proportionate population sampling (PPS) from the five selected tertiary hospitals. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaires using a perceived stress scale and Ways of Coping. A simple random sample within a stratum (each hospital admitting ward) was done to identify the study participants. The sample size for this study was 383 Omani nurses, with a 100% response rate. Results: About 83.3% of participants had a moderate perceived level of stress with an overall mean perceived stress level of 18.46 ± 4.52. The most common sources of perceived stress are feeling nervous and “stressed” in the last month (2.30 ± 0.95). According to the ways of coping strategies, nurses seemed to be resorting to more “planful problem” (mean = 11.04) and least was seeking social support (mean = 9.67). Conclusion: This study highlighted the work-related stress level of staff nurses, explored their ways of coping and determined the relationship between work-related stress levels and methods of coping. The key finding of this study was that the frequency of stress reported by nurses was high enough to suggest that their stress levels were significant, given the demanding nature of their profession that requires maximum attention. Additionally, nurses seemed to resort to more planful problem-solving mechanisms to deal with their stressful situations than other coping strategies.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 71662021 and 71462014)
文摘With reference to the Job Demands-Control Model,we empirically examine the effect of auditors' work stress on audit quality using a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies and their signature auditors from 2009 to 2013.The results show that(1) there is generally no pervasive deterioration in audit quality resulting from auditors' work stress;(2) there is a significant negative association between work stress and audit quality in the initial audits of new clients;and(3) the perception of work stress depends on auditors' individual characteristics.Auditors from international audit firms and those in the role of partner respond more strongly to work stress than industry experts.Auditors tend to react more intensively when dealing with state-owned companies.We suggest that audit firms attach more importance to auditors' work stress and rationalize their allocation of audit resources to ensure high audit quality.
文摘借助于对Work and Stress所发表论文的分析,对职业健康心理学的发展进行综述。利用CiteSpace对发表在Work and Stress的所有论文进行分析,结果发现:①Work and Stress在1987年第1卷第1期至2013年第27卷第2期间,共发表论文898篇,年度发文量呈下降趋势;②职业健康心理学研究领域的高频关键词为stress、health、work、burnout、occupational stress等;③职业健康心理学领域的高被引文献为Job demands,job decision latitude,and mental strain:Implications for job redesign和The relationship between job strain,workplace diastolic blood pressure,and left ventricular mass index等;④在Work and Stress发表的论文中,引用次数最多的期刊为Work and Stress、Journal of Applied Psychology和Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,引用次数最多的作者为Karasek。⑤在Work and Stress上发文最多的国家为英国,发文最多的机构为Radboud University Nijmegen,发文最多的作者为Cox。职业健康心理学在过去的若干年中受到各国学者的关注,发展迅速。
基金partially supported through the Johns Hopkins-Pakistan International Collaborative Trauma and Injury Research Training program(grant number 2D43-TW007-292)from the Fogarty International Center of the United States,National Institutes of Healthpartially supported from department of Community Health Sciences,Aga Khan University,Karachi,Pakistan
文摘BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to explore the association between posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) and work performance of emergency medical services personnel in Karachi, Pakistan.METHODS: Emergency medical service personnel were screened for potential PTSD using Impact of Event Scale-Revised(IES-R). Work performance was assessed on the basis of fi ve variables: number of late arrivals to work, number of days absent, number of days sick, adherence to protocol, and patient satisfaction over a period of 3 months. In order to model outcomes like the number of late arrivals to work, days absent and days late, negative binomial regression was applied, whereas logistic regression was applied for adherence to protocol and linear for patient satisfaction scores.RESULTS: Mean scores of PTSD were 24.0±12.2. No association was found between PTSD and work performance measures: number of late arrivals to work(RRadj 0.99; 0.98–1.00), days absent(RRadj 0.98; 0.96–0.99), days sick(RRadj 0.99; 0.98–1.00), adherence to protocol(ORadj 1.01; 0.99–1.04) and patient satisfaction(β 0.001%–0.03%) after adjusting for years of formal schooling, living status, coping mechanism, social support, working hours, years of experience and anxiety or depression.CONCLUSION: No statistically significant association was found between PTSD and work performance amongst EMS personnel in Karachi, Pakistan.
基金Projects 50774083 and 40811120546 supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNCET-07-0803 by the Program for New Century Ex-cellent Talents in University 2005CB221502 by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘The relatively high stress probably leads to generation of a fractured or even instable area around a working coalface. Also, the generated weak area often evolves into an easy-infiltrating field of water/gas to greatly increase probability of accident occurrence. To reveal the distribution of high stress around working faces, we put forward the mode-I-crack compression model. In this model, the goaf following a working face is regarded as a mode-I crack in an infinite plate, and the self-gravity of overlaying strata is transformed into an uniform pressure applied normal to the upper edge of the model crack. Solving this problem is based on the Westergaard complex stress function. For comparison, the software RFPA-2D is also employed to simulate the same mining problem, and furthermore extendedly to calculate the stress interference induced by the simultaneous advances of two different working faces. The results show that, the area close to a working face or the goaf tail has the maximum stress, and the stress is distributed directly proportional to the square root of the advance and inversely proportional to the square root of the distance to the working face. The simultaneous advances of two neighboring working faces in different horizontals can lead to extremely high resultant stress in an interference area.
文摘Working memory is an executive function that is highly dependent on the functioning of the prefrontal cortex. Several studies using food or drink as rewards have demonstrated that rats are capable of performing tasks that involve working memory. Sexual behavior is another highly-rewarding, motivated behavior that has proven to be an efficient incentive in classical operant tasks. Considering that both sexual behavior and working memory are sensitive to the effects of stress, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of acute stress on visuospatial working memory during a sexually-motivated task (a nonmatching-to-sample task in a T-maze) in male rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were trained in the T-maze using sexual interaction (intromission and ejaculation) as a reinforcer during a 4-day training period (training sessions held every 4th day). On the basis of their performance, the rats were classified as good-learners (n = 12) and bad-learners (n = 20), and on the fifth day, 6 good-learners and 10 bad-learners were subjected to stress using the cold water immersion model (CWI, 15°C) for 15 minutes before they were evaluated in the T-maze. The remaining rats made up the control group (i.e., they performed the task without previous stress). Results showed that acute stress by CWI improved working memory in the bad-learners but did not affect the performance of the good-learners, although in both groups (good- and bad-learners) stress decreased the sexual motivation to perform the task. It is probable that the increased levels of corticosterone in the stress situation could activate glutamatergic transmission in the prefrontal cortex, thus facilitating working memory and, simultaneously, decreasing testosterone levels, which exerts a negative effect on sexual motivation in these male rats.
基金Project (2005CB623703) supported by the National Basic Research and Development Program of ChinaProject (50474051) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Based on the FEA software ANSYS,a model was developed to simulate the thermal stress distribution of inert anode.In order to reduce its thermal stress,the effect of some parameters on thermal stress distribution was investigated,including the temperature of electrolyte,the current,the anode cathode distance,the anode immersion depth,the surrounding temperature and the convection coefficient between anode and circumstance.The results show that there exists a large axial tensile stress near the tangent interface between the anode and bath,which is the major cause of anode breaking.Increasing the temperature of electrolyte or the anode immersion depth will deteriorate the stress distribution of inert anode.When the bath temperature increases from 750 to 970 ℃,the maximal value and absolute minimal value of the 1st principal stress increase by 29.7% and 29.6%,respectively.When the anode immersion depth is changed from 1 to 10 cm,the maximal value and absolute minimal value of the 1st principal stress increase by 52.1% and 65.0%,respectively.The effects of other parameters on stress distribution are not significant.
文摘Those workers most vulnerable to pressure tend to suffer from scarce social and personal resources with which to respond adaptively to stress. In this case, the effects of psychoactive substances may exceed the stressed worker’s positive expectations. Thus, the aim is to analyze the scientific evidence on the relationship between drug abuse and workplace stress, based on an integrative review of the literature. Data were collected in February 2016 from the databases of the Virtual Health Library and PubMed. The final sample of 16 articles was divided into two categories: alcohol and drugs abuse in professions with high degree of psychosocial hazards and risks, and alcohol and drugs abuse for workplace stress in other professions. A relationship between precarious conditions, the nature of the work and its influence on drug abuse could be seen. However, other variables may strengthen psychoactive drug use as a coping strategy for stress.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Project no. 71372003）, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the Research Funds of Renmin University of China （Grant no. 15XNL023）.
文摘The aim of this study is to elaborate a tool, the “Naples-Questionnaire of Work Distress” (nQ-WD), in order to evaluate the conditions of discomfort perceived in the working field. It tries to differentiate the dysfunctional phenomena more tied to the anomalies of the interpersonal relationships (bullying at work-place) from the phenomena more clearly related to organizational dysfunctions. The inventory measures the overall effects of these two areas on the subject and the spin-off in term of bio-psycho-social functioning. The questionnaire has been administered to a group of 178 workers who showed a work-related psychopathological disturbance and to a control group of 178 subjects without exposure to bullying at workplace or to organizational distress. The statistical analysis demonstrated degree of significant validity and reliability. The degree of internal coherence of the answers proposed is satisfactory. The ROC curves allow the determination of a threshold value which allows separating the workers subjected to mobbing and/or organizational stress from control-workers with an optimal reliability degree. The values of the area under the ROC curves show that the inventory has a high discriminating capacity.
