Cabbage has significant heterosis and most commercial cultivars are hybrids.To explore genetic basis of cabbage heterosis and promote cabbage heterosis utilization,we constructed two populations by crossing 100 DH lin...Cabbage has significant heterosis and most commercial cultivars are hybrids.To explore genetic basis of cabbage heterosis and promote cabbage heterosis utilization,we constructed two populations by crossing 100 DH lines derived from a cabbage hybrid 01–20×96–100 with two female parents.Hybrids exhibited different extents of heterosis,the mean value of economic yield was 2.6 times bigger than parents.We identified 66 and 73 QTLs associated with mid-parent heterosis and transgressive heterosis of twelve yield-related traits,respectively.Some QTLs could be detected under the two-year experiment existed in two populations with different testers,showing relatively high phenotypic contribution rate(15.8%–20.0%).Heterosis QTLs exhibited clustered distribution in several cabbage chromosome regions.Two dominant genetic regions,mk300–316 and mk258–268,originated from the elite parent 01–20,exhibited significant genetic effects for yield-related heterosis,which were first identified.Three elite DH lines(D22,D46,D83)harboring these two dominant regions were selected as having strong heterosis in cabbage production.Candidate gene analysis revealed that some genes participating in biosynthetic processes of carbohydrates and some responses to auxin might affect cabbage yield heterosis.QTL identification and genetic dissection of yield-related traits provide new insights into the genetic effects of cabbage heterosis.展开更多
To break the narrow diversity bottleneck of the wheat D genome, a set of Aegilops tauschii-wheat introgression(A-WI) lines was developed by crossing Ae. tauschii accession T015 with common wheat elite cultivar Zhoumai...To break the narrow diversity bottleneck of the wheat D genome, a set of Aegilops tauschii-wheat introgression(A-WI) lines was developed by crossing Ae. tauschii accession T015 with common wheat elite cultivar Zhoumai 18(Zhou18). A high-density genetic map was constructed based on Single Nucleotide Polymorphism(SNP) markers and 15 yield-related traits were evaluated in 11 environments for detecting quantitative trait loci(QTL). A total of 27 environmentally stable QTL were identified in at least five environments, 20 of which were derived from Ae. tauschii T015, explaining up to 24.27% of the phenotypic variations. The major QTL for kernel length(KL), QKl-2D.5, was delimited to a physical interval of approximately 2.6 Mb harboring 52 candidate genes. Three Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)markers were successfully developed based on nonsynonymous nucleotide mutations of candidate gene AetT093_2Dv1G100900.1 and showed that A-WI lines with the T015 haplotype had significantly longer KL than the Zhou18 haplotype across all 11 environments. Four primary valuable A-WIs with good trait performance and carrying yield-related QTL were selected for breeding improvement. The results will facilitate the efficient transfer of beneficial genes from Ae. tauschii into wheat cultivars to improve wheat yield and other traits.展开更多
Soybean yield has traditionally been increased through high planting density,but investigating plant height and petiole traits to select for compact architecture,lodging resistance,and high yield varieties is an under...Soybean yield has traditionally been increased through high planting density,but investigating plant height and petiole traits to select for compact architecture,lodging resistance,and high yield varieties is an underexplored option for further improving yield.We compared the relationships between yield-related traits,lodging resistance,and petioleassociated phenotypes in the short petiole germplasm M657 with three control accessions during 2017–2018 in four locations in the Huang–Huai region,China.The results showed that M657 exhibited stable and high tolerance to high planting density and resistance to lodging,especially at the highest density(8×105 plants ha–1).The regression analysis indicated that a shorter petiole length was significantly associated with increased lodging resistance.The yield analysis showed that M657 achieved higher yields under higher densities,especially in the northern part of the Huang–Huai region.Among the varieties,there were markedly different responses to intra-and inter-row spacing designs with respect to both lodging and yield that were related to location and density.Lodging was positively correlated with planting density,plant height,petiole length,and number of effective branches,but negatively correlated with stem diameter,seed number per plant,and seed weight per plant.The yield of soybean was increased by appropriately increasing the planting density on the basis of the current soybean varieties in the Huang–Huai region.This study provides a valuable new germplasm resource for the introgression of compact architecture traits that are amenable to providing a high yield in high density planting systems,and it establishes a high-yield model of soybean in the Huang–Huai region.展开更多
Oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.) is an allotetraploid(AACC,2n=38) crop,valued for its edible oil and protein content.seed yield and nutritional composition of rapeseed are influenced by its yield and oil quality traits...Oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.) is an allotetraploid(AACC,2n=38) crop,valued for its edible oil and protein content.seed yield and nutritional composition of rapeseed are influenced by its yield and oil quality traits.However,the genetic basis of yield-related and oil-quality traits remain ambiguous.A panel of 266 diversified oilseed rape accessions was genotyped using 223 simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers covering all 19 chromosomes to identify significant markers associated with yield and quality traits.Twelve yield-related and six quality traits were investigated in two consecutive years(2014 and 2015),with three replications in two environments(Changshun,CS;and Qinghe,QH).Using the model GLM with population structure and kinship(Q+K),a total of 25 significant SSR markers(P <0.001) were detected to be associated with these twelve yield-related and six quality traits,explaining 4.56%-19.17% of the phenotypic variation for each trait.Based on these markers,BnaA03g23490D, BnaC09g46370D,BnaA07g37150D,BnaA01g32590D, and BnaC09g37280D were identified as pleiotropic genes controlling multiple traits.These candidate genes illustrated the potential for the genetic understanding of yield and oil quality traits.Most importantly,these significant markers can be used for marker-assisted breeding of oilseed rape in different environments.展开更多
Improvement of yield in rice(Oryza sativa L.) is vital for ensuring food security in China. Both rice breeders and growers need an improved understanding of the relationship between yield and yield-related traits. New...Improvement of yield in rice(Oryza sativa L.) is vital for ensuring food security in China. Both rice breeders and growers need an improved understanding of the relationship between yield and yield-related traits. New indica cultivars(53 in 2007 and 48 in 2008) were grown in Taoyuan,Yunnan province, to identify important components contributing to yield. Additionally, two standard indica rice cultivars with similar yield potentials, II You 107(a large-panicle type) and Xieyou 107(a heavy-panicle type), were planted in Taoyuan, Yunnan province and Nanjing,Jiangsu province, from 2006 to 2008 to evaluate the stability of yield and yield-related attributes.Growth duration(GD), leaf area index(LAI), panicles per m2(PN), and spikelets per m2(SM) were significantly and positively correlated with grain yield(GY) over all years. Sequential path analysis identified PN and panicle weight(PW) as important first-order traits that influenced grain yield. All direct effects were significant, as indicated by bootstrap analysis. Yield potential varied greatly across locations but not across years. Plant height(PH), days from heading to maturity(HM), and grain weight(GW) were stable traits that showed little variation across sites or years, whereas GD(mainly the pre-heading period, PHP) and PN varied significantly across locations. To achieve a yield of 15 t ha-1, a cultivar should have a PH of 110–125 cm, a long GD with HM of approximately 40 days, a PN of 300–400 m-2, and a GW of 29–31 mg.展开更多
Extreme high temperatures detrimental to maize production are projected to occur more frequently with future climate change.Phenology and yield-related traits were investigated under several levels of elevated tempera...Extreme high temperatures detrimental to maize production are projected to occur more frequently with future climate change.Phenology and yield-related traits were investigated under several levels of elevated temperature in two early-maturing hybrid cultivars:Junda 6(grown in northeastern China)and Chalok 1(grown in South Korea).They were cultivated in plastic houses in Suwon,Korea(37.27°N,126.99°E)held at target temperatures of ambient(AT),AT+1.5°C,AT+3°C,and AT+5°C at one sowing date in 2013 and three different sowing dates in 2014.Vegetative and reproductive growth durations showed variation depending on sowing date,experimental year,and cultivar.Growth duration tended to decrease,but not necessarily,with temperature elevation,but somewhat increased again above a certain temperature.High temperature-dependent variation was greater during grain filling than in the vegetative period before anthesis.Elevated temperature showed no significant effects on duration or peak dates of silking and anthesis,and thus on anthesis–silking interval.Grain yield tended to decrease with temperature elevation above ambient,showing a sharper linear decrease with mean growing season temperature increase in Junda 6 than in Chalok 1.The decrease in kernel number accounted for a much greater contribution to the yield reductions due to temperature elevation than did the decrease in individual kernel weight in both cultivars.Individual harvestable kernel weight was not significantly affected by temperature elevation treatments.Kernel number showed a linear decrease with mean growth temperature from early ear formation to early grain-filling stage,with Junda 6 showing a much severer decrease than Chalok 1.Kernel number reduction due to temperature elevation was attributable more to the decrease in differentiated ovule number than to the decrease in kernel set in Chalok 1,but largely to the decrease of kernel set in Junda 6.展开更多
Improvement of seed yield of soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)is generally achieved by combining morphological and yield-related traits,such as plant height(PH),node number on main stem(NN),pod number per plant(NP),seed n...Improvement of seed yield of soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)is generally achieved by combining morphological and yield-related traits,such as plant height(PH),node number on main stem(NN),pod number per plant(NP),seed number per plant(NS),100-seed weight(HSW)and seed weight per plant(SWPP).Identifying quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for morphological and yield-related traits is therefore important for breeding.In this study,a four-way recombinant inbred line population comprising 160 lines derived from the cross(Kenfeng14×Kenfeng15)×(Heinong48×Kenfeng19)was planted in five different environments and morphological and yield-related trait data were used to identify QTLs by the inclusive composite interval mapping method.Totally 38 QTLs for PH,40 QTLs for NN,26 QTLs for NP,10 QTLs for NS,26 QTLs for HSW and 49 QTLs for SWPP were detected in 125 genomic regions.Single QTLs explained 2.17%-14.60%,2.00%-10.04%,2.37%-9.77%,2.62%-8.61%,0.47%-6.51%and 0.14%-12.39%of the phenotypic variation for PH,NN,NP,NS,HSW and SWPP,respectively.Among these 125 genomic regions,120 were newly associated with morphological and yield-related traits.The results would facilitate the molecular breeding of morphological and yield-related traits in soybean.展开更多
Background: Cotton fiber yield is a complex trait,which can be influenced by multiple agronomic traits.Unravelling the genetic basis of cotton fiber yield-related traits contributes to genetic improvement of cotton.Re...Background: Cotton fiber yield is a complex trait,which can be influenced by multiple agronomic traits.Unravelling the genetic basis of cotton fiber yield-related traits contributes to genetic improvement of cotton.Results: In this study,503 upland cotton varieties covering the four breeding stages(BS1–BS4,1911–2011)in China were used for association mapping and domestication analysis.One hundred and forty SSR markers significantly associated with ten fiber yield-related traits were identified,among which,29 markers showed an increasing trend contribution to cotton yield-related traits from BS1 to BS4,and 26 markers showed decreased trend effect.Four favorable alleles of 9 major loci(R^(2)≥3)were strongly selected during the breeding stages,and the candidate genes of the four strongly selected alleles were predicated according to the gene function annotation and tissue expression data.Conclusions :The study not only uncovers the genetic basis of 10 cotton yield-related traits but also provides genetic evidence for cotton improvement during the cotton breeding process in China.展开更多
High yield is a major objective for peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding worldwide. However, fewer yield-related quantitative trait loci(QTL) have been reported in peanut than in other staple food crops such as rice(O...High yield is a major objective for peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding worldwide. However, fewer yield-related quantitative trait loci(QTL) have been reported in peanut than in other staple food crops such as rice(Oryza sativa), wheat(Triticum aestivum), and maize(Zea mays). This study aimed to identify stable major-effect QTL associated with pod yield per plant, hundred-pod weight for double-seeded pods,hundred-seed weight, shelling percentage, and pod number per plant, allowing us to predict candidate genes by means of transcriptome and genome sequencing. To this end, we used a population of recombinant inbred lines comprising 192 F9:11families derived from a JH6 × KX01-6 cross to construct a highresolution genetic map(1705.7 c M) consisting of 2273 polymorphic SNPs, with 0.75 c M(on average)between adjacent SNPs. We identified two high-confidence, yield-related QTL, qHYF_A08 and qHYF_B06, explaining 5.78%–31.40% of phenotypic variation and with LOD values of 5.10–24.48, in six environments. qHYF_A08 mainly explained the variation in shelling percentage, whereas qHYF_B06explained variation in hundred-pod weight and hundred-seed weight and accounted for 8.77%–31.40%of the variation in effective pod number per plant, pod number per plant, and shelling percentage. We narrowed down qHYF_B06 to an 890-kb interval using an advanced mapping population.Transcriptome and genome analyses revealed that only Arahy.129FS0 and Arahy.3R9A5K in the candidate mapping interval were differentially expressed between JH6 and KX01-6, with substantial structural variations in their promoter and coding regions. Genotypes of 208 peanut accessions determined using a diagnostic CAPS marker suggested that the two haplotypes of Arahy.3R9A5K were highly associated with hundred-seed weight and hundred-pod weight;this diagnostic CAPs marker could therefore be useful for selecting high-yielding lines during peanut breeding. Overall, our results provide valuable information for cloning alleles with favorable effects on peanut yield.展开更多
Gray leaf spot(GLS)caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis and C.zeina is an extremely devastating leaf disease that limits maize production annually.The use of GLS-resistant maize hybrids is the most cost-effective approach...Gray leaf spot(GLS)caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis and C.zeina is an extremely devastating leaf disease that limits maize production annually.The use of GLS-resistant maize hybrids is the most cost-effective approach for reducing losses.Resistance to GLS is quantitatively inherited in maize(Zea mays L.)and further sources of resistance remain to be analyzed.Here,we detected qRgls1.06,a major quantitative trait locus for GLS resistance in bin 1.06 that explained approximately 55%of the phenotype variance.Fine mapping over 2 consecutive years localized qRgls1.06 to a 2.38-Mb region.Homozygous qRgls1.06^(WGR/WGR) plants in DZ01 background displayed higher GLS resistance and 100-grain weight than DZ01 plants.The GLS responses of several susceptible elite inbred lines were improved by the introduction of qRgls1.06 by marker-assisted backcrossing.Our findings extend the understanding of the genetic basis of resistance to GLS and provide a set of resistant germplasm for genetic improvement of resistance to GLS in maize.展开更多
Sugar recovery in a factory depends upon regular crushing and quality of varieties besides various other working parameters. Strategies for increased productivity and sugar recovery, varietal improvement can bring out...Sugar recovery in a factory depends upon regular crushing and quality of varieties besides various other working parameters. Strategies for increased productivity and sugar recovery, varietal improvement can bring out through selection of parents to get maximum gains. These are governed by sugar content, fiber, rind hardness and cane yield. In order to assess the breeding value of different traits including rind hardness, study was undertaken at Sugarcane Research Institute, Shahjahanpur, during 2011-2012. Phenotypic difference and correlations among agronomic characters, basic quality characters and rind hardness in 120 segregating genotypes derived from contrast bi-parental cross (UP9530 × Co86011) of sugarcane cultivar were studied in this experiment. All the traits observed were found statistically significant among the mapping populations. The mean value of rind hardness was 5.91 with a range from 2.08 to 12.10 among 120 segregating population including their parents. Rind hardness (RHD) showed significant positive genotypic correlation with sugar yield-related traits viz;cane weight (CW, r = 0.325), cane yield (CYLD, r = 0.380) and sugar yield (SUYLD, r = 0.248). Significant negative correlation was observed for rind hardness with commercial cane sugar percent (CCS%, r = -0.388), number of millable cane (NMC, r = -0.216), hand refractometer brix %-October (HBR, r = -0.154), Brix% in juice (BR, r = -0.119) and Sucrose% in juice (SUC, r = -0.080). The simple correlation analysis showed that RHD, CW, CYLD and SUYLD showed significant positive correlation for agronomic characters, but for basic quality characters had negative correlations. Result indicated that rind hardness was found to have economically important trait due to showing significant positive and negative correlation with sugar yield and sugar content, respectively. The study also revealed that with the reduction in rind hardness, sugar recovery may increase. Present findings indicated that the rind hardness could play as a key role in the selection of elite genotypes in breeding program to develop high sugar, high yielding, erect, non-lodging, disease and insect resistant varieties. The details of the study were discussed in the manuscript.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Major State Research Development Program(Grant No.2016YFD0101702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31872948)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIPIVFCAAS)。
文摘Cabbage has significant heterosis and most commercial cultivars are hybrids.To explore genetic basis of cabbage heterosis and promote cabbage heterosis utilization,we constructed two populations by crossing 100 DH lines derived from a cabbage hybrid 01–20×96–100 with two female parents.Hybrids exhibited different extents of heterosis,the mean value of economic yield was 2.6 times bigger than parents.We identified 66 and 73 QTLs associated with mid-parent heterosis and transgressive heterosis of twelve yield-related traits,respectively.Some QTLs could be detected under the two-year experiment existed in two populations with different testers,showing relatively high phenotypic contribution rate(15.8%–20.0%).Heterosis QTLs exhibited clustered distribution in several cabbage chromosome regions.Two dominant genetic regions,mk300–316 and mk258–268,originated from the elite parent 01–20,exhibited significant genetic effects for yield-related heterosis,which were first identified.Three elite DH lines(D22,D46,D83)harboring these two dominant regions were selected as having strong heterosis in cabbage production.Candidate gene analysis revealed that some genes participating in biosynthetic processes of carbohydrates and some responses to auxin might affect cabbage yield heterosis.QTL identification and genetic dissection of yield-related traits provide new insights into the genetic effects of cabbage heterosis.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32230079, 32001492, 31871615, and31901547)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(222301420102)。
文摘To break the narrow diversity bottleneck of the wheat D genome, a set of Aegilops tauschii-wheat introgression(A-WI) lines was developed by crossing Ae. tauschii accession T015 with common wheat elite cultivar Zhoumai 18(Zhou18). A high-density genetic map was constructed based on Single Nucleotide Polymorphism(SNP) markers and 15 yield-related traits were evaluated in 11 environments for detecting quantitative trait loci(QTL). A total of 27 environmentally stable QTL were identified in at least five environments, 20 of which were derived from Ae. tauschii T015, explaining up to 24.27% of the phenotypic variations. The major QTL for kernel length(KL), QKl-2D.5, was delimited to a physical interval of approximately 2.6 Mb harboring 52 candidate genes. Three Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)markers were successfully developed based on nonsynonymous nucleotide mutations of candidate gene AetT093_2Dv1G100900.1 and showed that A-WI lines with the T015 haplotype had significantly longer KL than the Zhou18 haplotype across all 11 environments. Four primary valuable A-WIs with good trait performance and carrying yield-related QTL were selected for breeding improvement. The results will facilitate the efficient transfer of beneficial genes from Ae. tauschii into wheat cultivars to improve wheat yield and other traits.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271753)the Central Publicinterest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, China (S2021ZD02)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP) of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS-ZDRW202003-1)。
文摘Soybean yield has traditionally been increased through high planting density,but investigating plant height and petiole traits to select for compact architecture,lodging resistance,and high yield varieties is an underexplored option for further improving yield.We compared the relationships between yield-related traits,lodging resistance,and petioleassociated phenotypes in the short petiole germplasm M657 with three control accessions during 2017–2018 in four locations in the Huang–Huai region,China.The results showed that M657 exhibited stable and high tolerance to high planting density and resistance to lodging,especially at the highest density(8×105 plants ha–1).The regression analysis indicated that a shorter petiole length was significantly associated with increased lodging resistance.The yield analysis showed that M657 achieved higher yields under higher densities,especially in the northern part of the Huang–Huai region.Among the varieties,there were markedly different responses to intra-and inter-row spacing designs with respect to both lodging and yield that were related to location and density.Lodging was positively correlated with planting density,plant height,petiole length,and number of effective branches,but negatively correlated with stem diameter,seed number per plant,and seed weight per plant.The yield of soybean was increased by appropriately increasing the planting density on the basis of the current soybean varieties in the Huang–Huai region.This study provides a valuable new germplasm resource for the introgression of compact architecture traits that are amenable to providing a high yield in high density planting systems,and it establishes a high-yield model of soybean in the Huang–Huai region.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32070217)Subsidy project from NSFC of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.[2021]50)+2 种基金The Scientific and Technological Key Program of Guizhou province(No.Qiankehezhicheng[2022]Key 031,025and 026)The Agricultural Scientific and Technological Research Projects of Guizhou province(No.Qiankehezhicheng[2020]1Y109 and 1Y106Youth Foundation of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.[2021]07).
文摘Oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.) is an allotetraploid(AACC,2n=38) crop,valued for its edible oil and protein content.seed yield and nutritional composition of rapeseed are influenced by its yield and oil quality traits.However,the genetic basis of yield-related and oil-quality traits remain ambiguous.A panel of 266 diversified oilseed rape accessions was genotyped using 223 simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers covering all 19 chromosomes to identify significant markers associated with yield and quality traits.Twelve yield-related and six quality traits were investigated in two consecutive years(2014 and 2015),with three replications in two environments(Changshun,CS;and Qinghe,QH).Using the model GLM with population structure and kinship(Q+K),a total of 25 significant SSR markers(P <0.001) were detected to be associated with these twelve yield-related and six quality traits,explaining 4.56%-19.17% of the phenotypic variation for each trait.Based on these markers,BnaA03g23490D, BnaC09g46370D,BnaA07g37150D,BnaA01g32590D, and BnaC09g37280D were identified as pleiotropic genes controlling multiple traits.These candidate genes illustrated the potential for the genetic understanding of yield and oil quality traits.Most importantly,these significant markers can be used for marker-assisted breeding of oilseed rape in different environments.
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2011BAD16B14, 2012BAD20B05, 2012BAD04B08, and 2013BAD20B05)
文摘Improvement of yield in rice(Oryza sativa L.) is vital for ensuring food security in China. Both rice breeders and growers need an improved understanding of the relationship between yield and yield-related traits. New indica cultivars(53 in 2007 and 48 in 2008) were grown in Taoyuan,Yunnan province, to identify important components contributing to yield. Additionally, two standard indica rice cultivars with similar yield potentials, II You 107(a large-panicle type) and Xieyou 107(a heavy-panicle type), were planted in Taoyuan, Yunnan province and Nanjing,Jiangsu province, from 2006 to 2008 to evaluate the stability of yield and yield-related attributes.Growth duration(GD), leaf area index(LAI), panicles per m2(PN), and spikelets per m2(SM) were significantly and positively correlated with grain yield(GY) over all years. Sequential path analysis identified PN and panicle weight(PW) as important first-order traits that influenced grain yield. All direct effects were significant, as indicated by bootstrap analysis. Yield potential varied greatly across locations but not across years. Plant height(PH), days from heading to maturity(HM), and grain weight(GW) were stable traits that showed little variation across sites or years, whereas GD(mainly the pre-heading period, PHP) and PN varied significantly across locations. To achieve a yield of 15 t ha-1, a cultivar should have a PH of 110–125 cm, a long GD with HM of approximately 40 days, a PN of 300–400 m-2, and a GW of 29–31 mg.
基金support of the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (PJ0101072016)Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea
文摘Extreme high temperatures detrimental to maize production are projected to occur more frequently with future climate change.Phenology and yield-related traits were investigated under several levels of elevated temperature in two early-maturing hybrid cultivars:Junda 6(grown in northeastern China)and Chalok 1(grown in South Korea).They were cultivated in plastic houses in Suwon,Korea(37.27°N,126.99°E)held at target temperatures of ambient(AT),AT+1.5°C,AT+3°C,and AT+5°C at one sowing date in 2013 and three different sowing dates in 2014.Vegetative and reproductive growth durations showed variation depending on sowing date,experimental year,and cultivar.Growth duration tended to decrease,but not necessarily,with temperature elevation,but somewhat increased again above a certain temperature.High temperature-dependent variation was greater during grain filling than in the vegetative period before anthesis.Elevated temperature showed no significant effects on duration or peak dates of silking and anthesis,and thus on anthesis–silking interval.Grain yield tended to decrease with temperature elevation above ambient,showing a sharper linear decrease with mean growing season temperature increase in Junda 6 than in Chalok 1.The decrease in kernel number accounted for a much greater contribution to the yield reductions due to temperature elevation than did the decrease in individual kernel weight in both cultivars.Individual harvestable kernel weight was not significantly affected by temperature elevation treatments.Kernel number showed a linear decrease with mean growth temperature from early ear formation to early grain-filling stage,with Junda 6 showing a much severer decrease than Chalok 1.Kernel number reduction due to temperature elevation was attributable more to the decrease in differentiated ovule number than to the decrease in kernel set in Chalok 1,but largely to the decrease of kernel set in Junda 6.
基金Supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Heilongjiang Province(GA21B009-06)。
文摘Improvement of seed yield of soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.)is generally achieved by combining morphological and yield-related traits,such as plant height(PH),node number on main stem(NN),pod number per plant(NP),seed number per plant(NS),100-seed weight(HSW)and seed weight per plant(SWPP).Identifying quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for morphological and yield-related traits is therefore important for breeding.In this study,a four-way recombinant inbred line population comprising 160 lines derived from the cross(Kenfeng14×Kenfeng15)×(Heinong48×Kenfeng19)was planted in five different environments and morphological and yield-related trait data were used to identify QTLs by the inclusive composite interval mapping method.Totally 38 QTLs for PH,40 QTLs for NN,26 QTLs for NP,10 QTLs for NS,26 QTLs for HSW and 49 QTLs for SWPP were detected in 125 genomic regions.Single QTLs explained 2.17%-14.60%,2.00%-10.04%,2.37%-9.77%,2.62%-8.61%,0.47%-6.51%and 0.14%-12.39%of the phenotypic variation for PH,NN,NP,NS,HSW and SWPP,respectively.Among these 125 genomic regions,120 were newly associated with morphological and yield-related traits.The results would facilitate the molecular breeding of morphological and yield-related traits in soybean.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760402)Young and Middle-aged Science and Technology Leading Talents of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(2019CB027).
文摘Background: Cotton fiber yield is a complex trait,which can be influenced by multiple agronomic traits.Unravelling the genetic basis of cotton fiber yield-related traits contributes to genetic improvement of cotton.Results: In this study,503 upland cotton varieties covering the four breeding stages(BS1–BS4,1911–2011)in China were used for association mapping and domestication analysis.One hundred and forty SSR markers significantly associated with ten fiber yield-related traits were identified,among which,29 markers showed an increasing trend contribution to cotton yield-related traits from BS1 to BS4,and 26 markers showed decreased trend effect.Four favorable alleles of 9 major loci(R^(2)≥3)were strongly selected during the breeding stages,and the candidate genes of the four strongly selected alleles were predicated according to the gene function annotation and tissue expression data.Conclusions :The study not only uncovers the genetic basis of 10 cotton yield-related traits but also provides genetic evidence for cotton improvement during the cotton breeding process in China.
基金jointly supported by the Earmarked Fund for CARS-13the Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System of Hebei Province (HBCT2018090101 and HBCT2018090201)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Team of Modern Peanut Seed Industry (21326316D)the Technology Innovation Special Project(2022KJCXZX-LYS-11)the Basic Research Funds of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (2021060201)the Talents Construction Project of Science and Technology Innovation,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (C22R0311)。
文摘High yield is a major objective for peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding worldwide. However, fewer yield-related quantitative trait loci(QTL) have been reported in peanut than in other staple food crops such as rice(Oryza sativa), wheat(Triticum aestivum), and maize(Zea mays). This study aimed to identify stable major-effect QTL associated with pod yield per plant, hundred-pod weight for double-seeded pods,hundred-seed weight, shelling percentage, and pod number per plant, allowing us to predict candidate genes by means of transcriptome and genome sequencing. To this end, we used a population of recombinant inbred lines comprising 192 F9:11families derived from a JH6 × KX01-6 cross to construct a highresolution genetic map(1705.7 c M) consisting of 2273 polymorphic SNPs, with 0.75 c M(on average)between adjacent SNPs. We identified two high-confidence, yield-related QTL, qHYF_A08 and qHYF_B06, explaining 5.78%–31.40% of phenotypic variation and with LOD values of 5.10–24.48, in six environments. qHYF_A08 mainly explained the variation in shelling percentage, whereas qHYF_B06explained variation in hundred-pod weight and hundred-seed weight and accounted for 8.77%–31.40%of the variation in effective pod number per plant, pod number per plant, and shelling percentage. We narrowed down qHYF_B06 to an 890-kb interval using an advanced mapping population.Transcriptome and genome analyses revealed that only Arahy.129FS0 and Arahy.3R9A5K in the candidate mapping interval were differentially expressed between JH6 and KX01-6, with substantial structural variations in their promoter and coding regions. Genotypes of 208 peanut accessions determined using a diagnostic CAPS marker suggested that the two haplotypes of Arahy.3R9A5K were highly associated with hundred-seed weight and hundred-pod weight;this diagnostic CAPs marker could therefore be useful for selecting high-yielding lines during peanut breeding. Overall, our results provide valuable information for cloning alleles with favorable effects on peanut yield.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Self-Research Program(ZW18B0101)the China Scholarship Council(201908420122)+1 种基金the Teachers’Scientific Ability Cultivation Foundation of Hubei University of Arts and Science(PYSB20201001)the Xiangyang Youth Science and Technology Talent Development Plan.
文摘Gray leaf spot(GLS)caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis and C.zeina is an extremely devastating leaf disease that limits maize production annually.The use of GLS-resistant maize hybrids is the most cost-effective approach for reducing losses.Resistance to GLS is quantitatively inherited in maize(Zea mays L.)and further sources of resistance remain to be analyzed.Here,we detected qRgls1.06,a major quantitative trait locus for GLS resistance in bin 1.06 that explained approximately 55%of the phenotype variance.Fine mapping over 2 consecutive years localized qRgls1.06 to a 2.38-Mb region.Homozygous qRgls1.06^(WGR/WGR) plants in DZ01 background displayed higher GLS resistance and 100-grain weight than DZ01 plants.The GLS responses of several susceptible elite inbred lines were improved by the introduction of qRgls1.06 by marker-assisted backcrossing.Our findings extend the understanding of the genetic basis of resistance to GLS and provide a set of resistant germplasm for genetic improvement of resistance to GLS in maize.
文摘Sugar recovery in a factory depends upon regular crushing and quality of varieties besides various other working parameters. Strategies for increased productivity and sugar recovery, varietal improvement can bring out through selection of parents to get maximum gains. These are governed by sugar content, fiber, rind hardness and cane yield. In order to assess the breeding value of different traits including rind hardness, study was undertaken at Sugarcane Research Institute, Shahjahanpur, during 2011-2012. Phenotypic difference and correlations among agronomic characters, basic quality characters and rind hardness in 120 segregating genotypes derived from contrast bi-parental cross (UP9530 × Co86011) of sugarcane cultivar were studied in this experiment. All the traits observed were found statistically significant among the mapping populations. The mean value of rind hardness was 5.91 with a range from 2.08 to 12.10 among 120 segregating population including their parents. Rind hardness (RHD) showed significant positive genotypic correlation with sugar yield-related traits viz;cane weight (CW, r = 0.325), cane yield (CYLD, r = 0.380) and sugar yield (SUYLD, r = 0.248). Significant negative correlation was observed for rind hardness with commercial cane sugar percent (CCS%, r = -0.388), number of millable cane (NMC, r = -0.216), hand refractometer brix %-October (HBR, r = -0.154), Brix% in juice (BR, r = -0.119) and Sucrose% in juice (SUC, r = -0.080). The simple correlation analysis showed that RHD, CW, CYLD and SUYLD showed significant positive correlation for agronomic characters, but for basic quality characters had negative correlations. Result indicated that rind hardness was found to have economically important trait due to showing significant positive and negative correlation with sugar yield and sugar content, respectively. The study also revealed that with the reduction in rind hardness, sugar recovery may increase. Present findings indicated that the rind hardness could play as a key role in the selection of elite genotypes in breeding program to develop high sugar, high yielding, erect, non-lodging, disease and insect resistant varieties. The details of the study were discussed in the manuscript.
