AIM:To evaluate effects of endogenous dopamine induced by low concentration atropine eye drops on choroidal neovascularization(CNV)in high myopia mice.METHODS:The C57BL/6J mice were deprived of the right eye for 4wk,a...AIM:To evaluate effects of endogenous dopamine induced by low concentration atropine eye drops on choroidal neovascularization(CNV)in high myopia mice.METHODS:The C57BL/6J mice were deprived of the right eye for 4wk,and the high myopia was diagnosed by optometry,the diopter was less than-6.00 D,and CNV was induced by 532 nm laser.The changes of dopamine D1 receptor(DRD1),dopamine D2 receptor(DRD2),and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)were detected by Western blot technology at 0.5,1,2h,and 7d after 0.01%,0.05%,and 0.1%atropine eye drops,respectively,the area of CNV was measured.RESULTS:Significant increases were observed on the expression of DRD2 in mouse high myopia model at 0.5,1,2h,7d with 0.05%and 0.1%atropine eye drops(P<0.05).Significant decreases were observed on the expression of DRD1 and VEGFA in mouse high myopia model at 0.5,1,2h,7d with 0.05%and 0.1%atropine eye drops(P<0.05).The area of CNV induced by laser in the drug-treated group was significantly smaller than that in the control group,and the higher the concentration,the more significant the inhibitory effect(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The 0.01%,0.05%,0.1%atropine eye drops can decrease the level of VEGFA and inhibit high myopia CNV indirectly by up-regulating the level of DRD2 and down-regulating the level of DRD1,and the effect of 0.05%and 0.1%atropine eye drops is more significant.展开更多
BACKGROUND Autologous serum eye drops(ASEDs),a novel treatment derived from blood serum,have emerged as a groundbreaking solution for managing dry eye syndrome(DES).These drops have shown significant promise in reliev...BACKGROUND Autologous serum eye drops(ASEDs),a novel treatment derived from blood serum,have emerged as a groundbreaking solution for managing dry eye syndrome(DES).These drops have shown significant promise in relieving the distressing symptoms of DES.This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of ASEDs compared to traditional treatments,which often prove inadequate or result in unwanted side effects,particularly in individuals with moderate-to-severe DES.AIM To evaluate whether ASEDs are safer and more effective than conventional artificial tears in the treatment of moderate-to-severe DES.METHODS This multi-centered randomized controlled trial included 240 patients with moderate-to-severe DES from three ophthalmology clinics in China.They were randomly assigned to receive either ASEDs or artificial tears for 12 wk.The primary outcome was the change in the ocular surface disease index(OSDI)score,with secondary outcomes including tear break-up time(TBUT),Schirmer I test,corneal fluorescein staining(CFS),and conjunctival impression cytology(CIC).Statistics analysis was performed using an analysis of covariance with adjustments made for baseline values.RESULTS Our findings revealed that both ASEDs and artificial tears significantly improved the OSDI score,TBUT,Schirmer I test,CFS,and CIC from baseline to week 12.The ASEDs group showed significantly greater improvement in all these measures than the artificial tears group(all P values<0.05).The average difference in the OSDI score between the two cohorts was-10.3(95%confidence interval:-13.6 to-7.0),indicating a substantial improvement in the ASEDs group.The occurrence of adverse events was comparable between cohorts,with no reports of severe adverse events.CONCLUSION ASEDs are more effective and safer than artificial tears for mitigating symptoms of moderate-to-severe DES.ASEDs could be an alternative/supplementary therapy for patients with DES less responsive to traditional treatments.展开更多
Dear Sir,Eye drops(single use)commonly used in clinics do have varying pH values.The use of such drops in the initial management of chemical eye injury may influence the accuracy of pH measurement of the eye,and subse...Dear Sir,Eye drops(single use)commonly used in clinics do have varying pH values.The use of such drops in the initial management of chemical eye injury may influence the accuracy of pH measurement of the eye,and subsequently influence its management.Chemical eye injury is an ophthalmic emergency,which may be caused by exposure to an acidic(pH<4)or an alkali(pH>10)solution to the eye.Rinsing the eye decreases the concentration of these solutions on ocular surface.The initial management would be copious irrigation with clean or sterile water or Ringer's solution(pH 7.3-7.4)or its equivalent,of展开更多
Background:To investigate the effect of sirolimus(SRL)eye drops on acute alkali-burn-induced corneal neovascularization(CNV)and explore its possible mechanism.Methods:A total of 57 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 16...Background:To investigate the effect of sirolimus(SRL)eye drops on acute alkali-burn-induced corneal neovascularization(CNV)and explore its possible mechanism.Methods:A total of 57 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 160-180 g were randomly divided into four groups including a normal control group(NC group,n=12),an untreated alkali-burned model control group(MC group,n=15),a blank eye drop treatment group(BT group,n=15),and an SRL eye drop treatment group(ST group,n=15).Corneal inflammation and CNV were observed and scored under a slit-lamp microscope 3,7,and 14 days after alkali exposure.Three rats were randomly sacrificed in each group before modeling and 3,7,14 days after modeling,and the corneas of right eyes were harvested for Western blotting to compare the expression levels of VEGFR2 and caspase-3.Results:Corneal inflammation scoring showed that the corneal edema and conjunctival congestion were severe in the MC,BT,and ST groups 1 day after alkali exposure but were alleviated at day 3.The corneal transparency was significantly higher in the ST group than in the MC and BT groups at days 7(F=9.77,P<0.05)and 14(F=5.81,P<0.05).At day 1,the corneal limbal vascular network was markedly filled.SNV was obvious at days 3,7,and 14.The new blood vessels were shorter and sparser in the ST group than in the MC and BT groups,and the CNV scores showed significant differences among these groups(day 3:F=8.60,P<0.05;day 7:F=11.40,P<0.05;and day 14:F=41.59,P<0.01).Western blotting showed that the expressions of VEGFR2 and caspase-3 were low before modeling and showed no significant difference among the different groups(F=0.52,P>0.05;F=0.98,P>0.05).The corneal expression of VEGFR2 became significantly higher in the MC and BT groups than in the ST group 3,7,and 14 days after alkali exposure,and there were significant differences in relative gray-scale values among these groups(day 3:F=32.16,P<0.01;day 7:F=85.96,P<0.01;day 14:F=57.68,P<0.01).The increase in the corneal expression of caspase-3 was significantly larger in the ST group than in the MC and BT groups at days 3,7,and 14,and there were significant differences in relative gray-scale values among groups(day 3:F=32.16,P<0.01;day 7:F=53.02,P<0.01;day 14:F=38.67,P<0.01).Conclusions:SRL eye drops can alleviate acute alkali-burn-induced corneal inflammation and inhibit alkali-burn-induced CNV in rat models.It can reduce VEGFR2 expression and increase caspase-3 expression in the corneal tissue,which may contribute to the inhibition of alkali-burn-induced CNV.展开更多
·AIM:To assess the effect of 0.01%atropine eye drops on intraocular pressure(IOP)in myopic children.·METHODS:A placebo-controlled,double-masked,randomized study.Totally 220 children aged 6 to 12 y with myopi...·AIM:To assess the effect of 0.01%atropine eye drops on intraocular pressure(IOP)in myopic children.·METHODS:A placebo-controlled,double-masked,randomized study.Totally 220 children aged 6 to 12 y with myopia ranging from-1.00 to-6.00 D in both eyes were enrolled.Children were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either 0.01%atropine eye drops or a placebo group using generated random numbers.All participants underwent the examination of IOP and cycloplegic refraction at baseline,6 and 12 mo.The change of IOP and the proportion of subjects with increased IOP in atropine and placebo groups were compared.·RESULTS:Of 220 children,117 were boys(53.2%).A total of 159(72.3%)participants completed the follow-up at the 1-year study.At baseline,the mean IOP was 15.74 mm Hg(95%CI,15.13 to 16.34 mm Hg)for the 0.01%atropine group and 15.59 mm Hg(95%CI,15.00 to 16.19 mm Hg)for placebo group(mean difference,0.14 mm Hg;P=0.743)after adjusting for central corneal thickness at baseline.At one year follow-up,the mean change of IOP was 0.16 mm Hg(95%CI,-0.43 to 0.76 mm Hg)for the 0.01%atropine group and-0.11 mm Hg(95%CI,-0.71 to 0.50 mm Hg)for placebo group(mean difference,0.27 mm Hg;P=0.525)after adjusting for central corneal thickness.The 51.4%of children have increased IOP in the 0.01%atropine group,compared with 45.9%in the placebo group(P=0.511).·CONCLUSION:The 0.01%atropine eye drops do not significantly affect the risk of elevated IOP.It is relatively safer to use in the studies that try to minimize myopia progression.However,a further long-duration study is required to be validated.展开更多
BACKGROUND Overhanging filtering bleb is a common complication after trabeculectomy and surgical repair is an effective treatment when the patient presents with apparent symptoms.Filtering bleb relevant infection incl...BACKGROUND Overhanging filtering bleb is a common complication after trabeculectomy and surgical repair is an effective treatment when the patient presents with apparent symptoms.Filtering bleb relevant infection including in the filtering bleb itself and even endophthalmitis in some severe cases has been reported.However,corneal fungal infection after filtering bleb repair is rarely reported.CASE SUMMARY A 57-year-old Chinese man who had sensations of redness and foreign body sensations in the left eye 3 wk after repair of overhanging filtering bleb.3 wk ago,due to sensations of a foreign body in the left eye for 3 years with worsening for 3 mo.The patient was diagnosed as overhanging filtering bleb and underwent a repair of overhanging filtering bleb.Postoperative,the filtering bleb formed well and the intraocular pressure is normal.But the patient gradually develop redness,pain and a grey infiltrate of the cornea in the eye.Finally it developed into fungal corneal ulcer.Through asking the medical history,we found the patient had irregularly self-medicated for years with glucocorticoid eye drops for years to relieve the foreign body sensation in the eye caused by filtering bleb overhanging.Because the glucocorticoid eye drops he used years ago had provide normal sensation to the eye.After 3 mo of anti-fungal treatment,the inflammation was controlled.CONCLUSION In addition to avoiding the development of overhanging filtering bleb after trabeculectomy,the present case report also suggests that clinicians should pay more attention to the patient’s ocular self-medication history.Particularly in patients with a history of glaucoma or eye surgery.Because these patients may be exposed to more types of eye drops than other individuals,they may select the wrong medi-cations for long-term use,based on their previous experience.展开更多
Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that support neuronal proliferation, survival, and differentiation in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and are regulators of neuronal plasticity. Nerve growth factor i...Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that support neuronal proliferation, survival, and differentiation in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and are regulators of neuronal plasticity. Nerve growth factor is one of the best-described neurotrophins and has advanced to clinical trials for treatment of ocular and brain diseases due to its trophic and regenerative properties. Prior trials over the past few decades have produced conflicting results, which have principally been ascribed to adverse effects of systemic nerve growth factor administration, together with poor penetrance of the blood-brain barrier that impairs drug delivery. Contrastingly, recent studies have revealed that topical ocular and intranasal nerve growth factor administration are safe and effective, suggesting that topical nerve growth factor delivery is a potential alternative to both systemic and invasive intracerebral delivery. The therapeutic effects of local nerve growth factor delivery have been extensively investigated for different ophthalmic diseases, including neurotrophic keratitis, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, and dry eye disease. Further, promising pharmacologic effects were reported in an optic glioma model, which indicated that topically administered nerve growth factor diffused far beyond where it was topically applied. These findings support the therapeutic potential of delivering topical nerve growth factor preparations intranasally for acquired and degenerative brain disorders. Preliminary clinical findings in both traumatic and non-traumatic acquired brain injuries are encouraging, especially in pediatric patients, and clinical trials are ongoing. The present review will focus on the therapeutic effects of both ocular and intranasal nerve growth factor delivery for diseases of the brain and eye.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to design a submicron-sized liposomal non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug(NSAID)preparation that targets the retina via topical instillation of eye drops.Bromfenac(BRF)-loaded liposomes w...The purpose of this study was to design a submicron-sized liposomal non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug(NSAID)preparation that targets the retina via topical instillation of eye drops.Bromfenac(BRF)-loaded liposomes were prepared using the calcium acetate gradient method.Liposome sizes and encapsulation efficiencies were optimized by screening several liposome formulations of lipid,drug concentration,and buffer solution.BRF entrapment efficiency was greater than 90%using this method,and was low using conventional hydration methods.High initial BRF loading using the pH gradient method caused aggregation of liposomes.To circumvent aggregation,the negatively charged lipid dicetylphosphate was incorporated into liposomes,which formed anion layer preventing coalescence.Release of BRF from liposomes was sustained for several hours depending on lipid concentration,inner water phase,initial drug amounts,and surface properties.Surface modification with chitosan(CS),a mucoadhesive cationic polymer,was achieved using electrostatic interactions of negatively charged liposomes.The optimal concentration of CS for evasion of liposome aggregation was 0.15%.展开更多
At present,more and more diseases are associated with the lubrication dysfunction,which requires a systematic study of the complex lubrication behavior of tissues and organs in human body.Natural biomacromolecular lub...At present,more and more diseases are associated with the lubrication dysfunction,which requires a systematic study of the complex lubrication behavior of tissues and organs in human body.Natural biomacromolecular lubricants are essential for maintaining ultra-low coefficients of friction between sliding biological interfaces.However,when the surface lubrication performance of tissues or organs destroys heavily,it will bring friction/shear damage for sliding contact interfaces.Therefore,the application of exogenous biological lubricating materials to improve the lubrication situation of damaged tissue or organ interfaces has attracted extensive attention of researchers.In this review,based on a simple summary of lubrication mechanism at sliding biological interface,we systematically introduce the research progress of several kinds of representatively biolubrication materials,including eye drops,tissue anti-adhesion agents,joint lubricants,and medical device lubricants.Meanwhile,the lubrication mechanism and individual advantage and shortcoming for each of these synthetic exogenous lubricated materials are clarified.Correspondingly,the important lubrication application functionality of these biolubricant materials in typically medical surgery scenes,such as dry eye syndrome,tissue adhesion,arthritis,and interventional medical devices,is discussed.Finally,we look forward to the future development direction of artificial biolubricant materials.展开更多
Background:It is possible that preservative-free eye drops can be contaminated.The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of microbial contamination of preservative-free hospital-prepared anti-infective eye dro...Background:It is possible that preservative-free eye drops can be contaminated.The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of microbial contamination of preservative-free hospital-prepared anti-infective eye drops and investigate factors that contribute to contamination.This finding may help to raise awareness of this problem to medical healthcare staff and patients in order to prevent the transmission of microorganisms from eye drops to the patients through treatment of pre-existing eye diseases.Methods:Two hundred and ninety-five eye drop bottles were collected from patients attending Rajavithi Hospital Ophthalmologic outpatient and inpatient department,including both those used by patients at home and those administered in the hospital by medical staff.Samples were taken from the tips of droppers and bottles,and the residual fluid inside the bottles was then cultivated onto different culture plates.The culture results were identified and analyzed according to various factors related to both individual users and the bottles.Results:Seven different types of eye drops were collected and 71(24.06%)of the 295 bottles were contaminated.Vancomycin eye drops were the most contaminated.Twenty-six different types of pathogens were identified,most frequently mold(42.98%),and the amount of contamination was higher in tips than in residual fluid inside the bottle.There was no statistically significant difference in contamination between patients used eye drops collected in outpatient units(32.14%)and medical staff used eye drops collected in inpatient settings(23.22%).The only factor that was statistically significant was the number of eye drops used per person.We found that samples from patients who used only up to 2 eye drops suffered contamination(42.8%)more than those from their counterparts who used at least 3(22.18%),P¼0.02.Conclusions:Of these preservative-free hospital preparations anti-infective eye drops,24.06%were contaminated.The number of eye drops used per person was statistically significant in triggering contamination.There is a possibility of number of eyedrops use person may trigger contamination.展开更多
Corneal injuries will cause corneal surface diseases that may lead to blindness in millions of people worldwide.There is a tremendous need for biomaterials that can promote corneal regeneration with practical feasibil...Corneal injuries will cause corneal surface diseases that may lead to blindness in millions of people worldwide.There is a tremendous need for biomaterials that can promote corneal regeneration with practical feasibility.Here we demonstrate a strategy of a protein coating for corneal injury regeneration.We synthesize an o-nitrosobenzaldehyde group(NB)-modified gelatin(GelNB),which could adhere directly to the corneal surface with covalent bonding to form a thin molecular coating.The molecular coating could avoid rapid clearance and provide a favorable environment for cell migration,thereby effectively accelerating corneal repair and regeneration.The histological structure of the regenerated cornea is more similar to the native cornea.This molecular coating can be used conveniently as an eye drop solution,which makes it a promising strategy for corneal regeneration.展开更多
文摘AIM:To evaluate effects of endogenous dopamine induced by low concentration atropine eye drops on choroidal neovascularization(CNV)in high myopia mice.METHODS:The C57BL/6J mice were deprived of the right eye for 4wk,and the high myopia was diagnosed by optometry,the diopter was less than-6.00 D,and CNV was induced by 532 nm laser.The changes of dopamine D1 receptor(DRD1),dopamine D2 receptor(DRD2),and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)were detected by Western blot technology at 0.5,1,2h,and 7d after 0.01%,0.05%,and 0.1%atropine eye drops,respectively,the area of CNV was measured.RESULTS:Significant increases were observed on the expression of DRD2 in mouse high myopia model at 0.5,1,2h,7d with 0.05%and 0.1%atropine eye drops(P<0.05).Significant decreases were observed on the expression of DRD1 and VEGFA in mouse high myopia model at 0.5,1,2h,7d with 0.05%and 0.1%atropine eye drops(P<0.05).The area of CNV induced by laser in the drug-treated group was significantly smaller than that in the control group,and the higher the concentration,the more significant the inhibitory effect(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The 0.01%,0.05%,0.1%atropine eye drops can decrease the level of VEGFA and inhibit high myopia CNV indirectly by up-regulating the level of DRD2 and down-regulating the level of DRD1,and the effect of 0.05%and 0.1%atropine eye drops is more significant.
文摘BACKGROUND Autologous serum eye drops(ASEDs),a novel treatment derived from blood serum,have emerged as a groundbreaking solution for managing dry eye syndrome(DES).These drops have shown significant promise in relieving the distressing symptoms of DES.This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of ASEDs compared to traditional treatments,which often prove inadequate or result in unwanted side effects,particularly in individuals with moderate-to-severe DES.AIM To evaluate whether ASEDs are safer and more effective than conventional artificial tears in the treatment of moderate-to-severe DES.METHODS This multi-centered randomized controlled trial included 240 patients with moderate-to-severe DES from three ophthalmology clinics in China.They were randomly assigned to receive either ASEDs or artificial tears for 12 wk.The primary outcome was the change in the ocular surface disease index(OSDI)score,with secondary outcomes including tear break-up time(TBUT),Schirmer I test,corneal fluorescein staining(CFS),and conjunctival impression cytology(CIC).Statistics analysis was performed using an analysis of covariance with adjustments made for baseline values.RESULTS Our findings revealed that both ASEDs and artificial tears significantly improved the OSDI score,TBUT,Schirmer I test,CFS,and CIC from baseline to week 12.The ASEDs group showed significantly greater improvement in all these measures than the artificial tears group(all P values<0.05).The average difference in the OSDI score between the two cohorts was-10.3(95%confidence interval:-13.6 to-7.0),indicating a substantial improvement in the ASEDs group.The occurrence of adverse events was comparable between cohorts,with no reports of severe adverse events.CONCLUSION ASEDs are more effective and safer than artificial tears for mitigating symptoms of moderate-to-severe DES.ASEDs could be an alternative/supplementary therapy for patients with DES less responsive to traditional treatments.
文摘Dear Sir,Eye drops(single use)commonly used in clinics do have varying pH values.The use of such drops in the initial management of chemical eye injury may influence the accuracy of pH measurement of the eye,and subsequently influence its management.Chemical eye injury is an ophthalmic emergency,which may be caused by exposure to an acidic(pH<4)or an alkali(pH>10)solution to the eye.Rinsing the eye decreases the concentration of these solutions on ocular surface.The initial management would be copious irrigation with clean or sterile water or Ringer's solution(pH 7.3-7.4)or its equivalent,of
基金Supported by the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2016A030313294).
文摘Background:To investigate the effect of sirolimus(SRL)eye drops on acute alkali-burn-induced corneal neovascularization(CNV)and explore its possible mechanism.Methods:A total of 57 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 160-180 g were randomly divided into four groups including a normal control group(NC group,n=12),an untreated alkali-burned model control group(MC group,n=15),a blank eye drop treatment group(BT group,n=15),and an SRL eye drop treatment group(ST group,n=15).Corneal inflammation and CNV were observed and scored under a slit-lamp microscope 3,7,and 14 days after alkali exposure.Three rats were randomly sacrificed in each group before modeling and 3,7,14 days after modeling,and the corneas of right eyes were harvested for Western blotting to compare the expression levels of VEGFR2 and caspase-3.Results:Corneal inflammation scoring showed that the corneal edema and conjunctival congestion were severe in the MC,BT,and ST groups 1 day after alkali exposure but were alleviated at day 3.The corneal transparency was significantly higher in the ST group than in the MC and BT groups at days 7(F=9.77,P<0.05)and 14(F=5.81,P<0.05).At day 1,the corneal limbal vascular network was markedly filled.SNV was obvious at days 3,7,and 14.The new blood vessels were shorter and sparser in the ST group than in the MC and BT groups,and the CNV scores showed significant differences among these groups(day 3:F=8.60,P<0.05;day 7:F=11.40,P<0.05;and day 14:F=41.59,P<0.01).Western blotting showed that the expressions of VEGFR2 and caspase-3 were low before modeling and showed no significant difference among the different groups(F=0.52,P>0.05;F=0.98,P>0.05).The corneal expression of VEGFR2 became significantly higher in the MC and BT groups than in the ST group 3,7,and 14 days after alkali exposure,and there were significant differences in relative gray-scale values among these groups(day 3:F=32.16,P<0.01;day 7:F=85.96,P<0.01;day 14:F=57.68,P<0.01).The increase in the corneal expression of caspase-3 was significantly larger in the ST group than in the MC and BT groups at days 3,7,and 14,and there were significant differences in relative gray-scale values among groups(day 3:F=32.16,P<0.01;day 7:F=53.02,P<0.01;day 14:F=38.67,P<0.01).Conclusions:SRL eye drops can alleviate acute alkali-burn-induced corneal inflammation and inhibit alkali-burn-induced CNV in rat models.It can reduce VEGFR2 expression and increase caspase-3 expression in the corneal tissue,which may contribute to the inhibition of alkali-burn-induced CNV.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82071000)the Beijing Science Foundation for Distinguished Yong Scholars(No.JQ20029)+2 种基金the Capital Health Research and Development of Special(No.2020-2-1081)Supported by the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program(No.PX2022007)the Primary Scientific Research Foundation for the Junior Researcher in Beijing Tongren Hospital,Capital Medical University(No.2020-YJJ-ZZL-011)。
文摘·AIM:To assess the effect of 0.01%atropine eye drops on intraocular pressure(IOP)in myopic children.·METHODS:A placebo-controlled,double-masked,randomized study.Totally 220 children aged 6 to 12 y with myopia ranging from-1.00 to-6.00 D in both eyes were enrolled.Children were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either 0.01%atropine eye drops or a placebo group using generated random numbers.All participants underwent the examination of IOP and cycloplegic refraction at baseline,6 and 12 mo.The change of IOP and the proportion of subjects with increased IOP in atropine and placebo groups were compared.·RESULTS:Of 220 children,117 were boys(53.2%).A total of 159(72.3%)participants completed the follow-up at the 1-year study.At baseline,the mean IOP was 15.74 mm Hg(95%CI,15.13 to 16.34 mm Hg)for the 0.01%atropine group and 15.59 mm Hg(95%CI,15.00 to 16.19 mm Hg)for placebo group(mean difference,0.14 mm Hg;P=0.743)after adjusting for central corneal thickness at baseline.At one year follow-up,the mean change of IOP was 0.16 mm Hg(95%CI,-0.43 to 0.76 mm Hg)for the 0.01%atropine group and-0.11 mm Hg(95%CI,-0.71 to 0.50 mm Hg)for placebo group(mean difference,0.27 mm Hg;P=0.525)after adjusting for central corneal thickness.The 51.4%of children have increased IOP in the 0.01%atropine group,compared with 45.9%in the placebo group(P=0.511).·CONCLUSION:The 0.01%atropine eye drops do not significantly affect the risk of elevated IOP.It is relatively safer to use in the studies that try to minimize myopia progression.However,a further long-duration study is required to be validated.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Project of Education Department of Jilin Province,No.JJKH20201089KJ.
文摘BACKGROUND Overhanging filtering bleb is a common complication after trabeculectomy and surgical repair is an effective treatment when the patient presents with apparent symptoms.Filtering bleb relevant infection including in the filtering bleb itself and even endophthalmitis in some severe cases has been reported.However,corneal fungal infection after filtering bleb repair is rarely reported.CASE SUMMARY A 57-year-old Chinese man who had sensations of redness and foreign body sensations in the left eye 3 wk after repair of overhanging filtering bleb.3 wk ago,due to sensations of a foreign body in the left eye for 3 years with worsening for 3 mo.The patient was diagnosed as overhanging filtering bleb and underwent a repair of overhanging filtering bleb.Postoperative,the filtering bleb formed well and the intraocular pressure is normal.But the patient gradually develop redness,pain and a grey infiltrate of the cornea in the eye.Finally it developed into fungal corneal ulcer.Through asking the medical history,we found the patient had irregularly self-medicated for years with glucocorticoid eye drops for years to relieve the foreign body sensation in the eye caused by filtering bleb overhanging.Because the glucocorticoid eye drops he used years ago had provide normal sensation to the eye.After 3 mo of anti-fungal treatment,the inflammation was controlled.CONCLUSION In addition to avoiding the development of overhanging filtering bleb after trabeculectomy,the present case report also suggests that clinicians should pay more attention to the patient’s ocular self-medication history.Particularly in patients with a history of glaucoma or eye surgery.Because these patients may be exposed to more types of eye drops than other individuals,they may select the wrong medi-cations for long-term use,based on their previous experience.
文摘Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that support neuronal proliferation, survival, and differentiation in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and are regulators of neuronal plasticity. Nerve growth factor is one of the best-described neurotrophins and has advanced to clinical trials for treatment of ocular and brain diseases due to its trophic and regenerative properties. Prior trials over the past few decades have produced conflicting results, which have principally been ascribed to adverse effects of systemic nerve growth factor administration, together with poor penetrance of the blood-brain barrier that impairs drug delivery. Contrastingly, recent studies have revealed that topical ocular and intranasal nerve growth factor administration are safe and effective, suggesting that topical nerve growth factor delivery is a potential alternative to both systemic and invasive intracerebral delivery. The therapeutic effects of local nerve growth factor delivery have been extensively investigated for different ophthalmic diseases, including neurotrophic keratitis, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, and dry eye disease. Further, promising pharmacologic effects were reported in an optic glioma model, which indicated that topically administered nerve growth factor diffused far beyond where it was topically applied. These findings support the therapeutic potential of delivering topical nerve growth factor preparations intranasally for acquired and degenerative brain disorders. Preliminary clinical findings in both traumatic and non-traumatic acquired brain injuries are encouraging, especially in pediatric patients, and clinical trials are ongoing. The present review will focus on the therapeutic effects of both ocular and intranasal nerve growth factor delivery for diseases of the brain and eye.
文摘The purpose of this study was to design a submicron-sized liposomal non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug(NSAID)preparation that targets the retina via topical instillation of eye drops.Bromfenac(BRF)-loaded liposomes were prepared using the calcium acetate gradient method.Liposome sizes and encapsulation efficiencies were optimized by screening several liposome formulations of lipid,drug concentration,and buffer solution.BRF entrapment efficiency was greater than 90%using this method,and was low using conventional hydration methods.High initial BRF loading using the pH gradient method caused aggregation of liposomes.To circumvent aggregation,the negatively charged lipid dicetylphosphate was incorporated into liposomes,which formed anion layer preventing coalescence.Release of BRF from liposomes was sustained for several hours depending on lipid concentration,inner water phase,initial drug amounts,and surface properties.Surface modification with chitosan(CS),a mucoadhesive cationic polymer,was achieved using electrostatic interactions of negatively charged liposomes.The optimal concentration of CS for evasion of liposome aggregation was 0.15%.
基金We are grateful for the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22032006 and 52075522)Key Research Project of Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2021ZD27)+1 种基金Outstanding Youth Fund of Gansu Province(21JR7RA095)LICP Cooperation Foundation for Young Scholars(HZJ21-04).
文摘At present,more and more diseases are associated with the lubrication dysfunction,which requires a systematic study of the complex lubrication behavior of tissues and organs in human body.Natural biomacromolecular lubricants are essential for maintaining ultra-low coefficients of friction between sliding biological interfaces.However,when the surface lubrication performance of tissues or organs destroys heavily,it will bring friction/shear damage for sliding contact interfaces.Therefore,the application of exogenous biological lubricating materials to improve the lubrication situation of damaged tissue or organ interfaces has attracted extensive attention of researchers.In this review,based on a simple summary of lubrication mechanism at sliding biological interface,we systematically introduce the research progress of several kinds of representatively biolubrication materials,including eye drops,tissue anti-adhesion agents,joint lubricants,and medical device lubricants.Meanwhile,the lubrication mechanism and individual advantage and shortcoming for each of these synthetic exogenous lubricated materials are clarified.Correspondingly,the important lubrication application functionality of these biolubricant materials in typically medical surgery scenes,such as dry eye syndrome,tissue adhesion,arthritis,and interventional medical devices,is discussed.Finally,we look forward to the future development direction of artificial biolubricant materials.
文摘Background:It is possible that preservative-free eye drops can be contaminated.The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of microbial contamination of preservative-free hospital-prepared anti-infective eye drops and investigate factors that contribute to contamination.This finding may help to raise awareness of this problem to medical healthcare staff and patients in order to prevent the transmission of microorganisms from eye drops to the patients through treatment of pre-existing eye diseases.Methods:Two hundred and ninety-five eye drop bottles were collected from patients attending Rajavithi Hospital Ophthalmologic outpatient and inpatient department,including both those used by patients at home and those administered in the hospital by medical staff.Samples were taken from the tips of droppers and bottles,and the residual fluid inside the bottles was then cultivated onto different culture plates.The culture results were identified and analyzed according to various factors related to both individual users and the bottles.Results:Seven different types of eye drops were collected and 71(24.06%)of the 295 bottles were contaminated.Vancomycin eye drops were the most contaminated.Twenty-six different types of pathogens were identified,most frequently mold(42.98%),and the amount of contamination was higher in tips than in residual fluid inside the bottle.There was no statistically significant difference in contamination between patients used eye drops collected in outpatient units(32.14%)and medical staff used eye drops collected in inpatient settings(23.22%).The only factor that was statistically significant was the number of eye drops used per person.We found that samples from patients who used only up to 2 eye drops suffered contamination(42.8%)more than those from their counterparts who used at least 3(22.18%),P¼0.02.Conclusions:Of these preservative-free hospital preparations anti-infective eye drops,24.06%were contaminated.The number of eye drops used per person was statistically significant in triggering contamination.There is a possibility of number of eyedrops use person may trigger contamination.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFA0104900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31830029,32000957,81972053).
文摘Corneal injuries will cause corneal surface diseases that may lead to blindness in millions of people worldwide.There is a tremendous need for biomaterials that can promote corneal regeneration with practical feasibility.Here we demonstrate a strategy of a protein coating for corneal injury regeneration.We synthesize an o-nitrosobenzaldehyde group(NB)-modified gelatin(GelNB),which could adhere directly to the corneal surface with covalent bonding to form a thin molecular coating.The molecular coating could avoid rapid clearance and provide a favorable environment for cell migration,thereby effectively accelerating corneal repair and regeneration.The histological structure of the regenerated cornea is more similar to the native cornea.This molecular coating can be used conveniently as an eye drop solution,which makes it a promising strategy for corneal regeneration.
