The quantitative analysis of sediment sources in a sink is an important scientific topic and challenge in provenance research.The characteristics of heavy minerals,combined with the geochemical constituents of detrita...The quantitative analysis of sediment sources in a sink is an important scientific topic and challenge in provenance research.The characteristics of heavy minerals,combined with the geochemical constituents of detrital grains,provide a reliable provenance-tracing approach.We developed a mineral identification method to analyze the multiple grain-size fraction of sediments,from which the elemental geochemistry of hornblende was used to compare the characteristics of sediments from the Huaihe River and Huanghe(Yellow)River in eastern China.Elements that were statistically identified as being able to discriminate sediment provenance were employed to perform a quantitative analysis of the sources of sediments of the abandoned Huanghe River.Results reveal that the Huaihe River is characterized by a high amphibole content of>60%and that the Huanghe and abandoned Huanghe rivers have greater abundances of limonite and carbonate minerals compared with those of the Huaihe River.The contents of trace elements and rare earth elements in hornblende show that the sediments of the abandoned Huanghe River are similar to those of the Huanghe River but different from those of the Huaihe River.Furthermore,chemical mass balance was used to calculate the relative contributions of different provenances of sediment from the abandoned Huanghe River,and nine trace elements of hornblende were identified as discriminators of provenance.Approximately 2%of the hornblende in the abandoned Huanghe River is derived from the Huaihe River and 98%from the Huanghe River.Considering the proportion of hornblende in the total sediment,it is inferred that the contribution of Huaihe River sediment to the abandoned Huanghe River is approximately 0.5%.This study shows that mineral analysis using multiple grain-size fractions(within the wide range of 1Φto 6Φ)with assessment in elemental geochemistry of hornblende can characterize the provenance of fluvial material in coastal zones.展开更多
The properties of synthetic graphite materials, widely used in advanced fields, are determined by their structure, which is formed in the process of high-temperature (~2500<span style="white-space:normal;"...The properties of synthetic graphite materials, widely used in advanced fields, are determined by their structure, which is formed in the process of high-temperature (~2500<span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span></span><span style="white-space:normal;"></span>C) heat treatment. The fine structure of a graphitizing carbon material based on petroleum coke containing 1.3 wt% S at various stages of graphitization was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. Some of the samples contained the addition of dispersed Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. It is shown that the heat-treated material in the range 1200<span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span></span><span style="white-space:normal;"></span>C - 2600<span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span></span><span style="white-space:normal;"></span>C is heterogeneous, its component composition is determined by the processing temperature and the presence of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> additive. The observed dependence of the component composition on the heat treatment temperature suggests that the process of graphitization of the carbon material, apparently, develops through a number of metastable states.展开更多
Results of researches on plastic deformation of steels were obtained by acoustic emission and X-ray methods.The new numerical-analytical method of the thin structure parameter determination on one diffraction line was...Results of researches on plastic deformation of steels were obtained by acoustic emission and X-ray methods.The new numerical-analytical method of the thin structure parameter determination on one diffraction line was offered.It is supposed that with a growth of the deformation the cubic lattice will be transformed in the orthorhombic lattice.It is shown that changes of a condition of crystal structure of austenitic steel occur in four stages and of carbonaceous steel occur in six stages.Existence of two types of acoustic emission sources in carbonaceous steel and one type of acoustic emission source in austenitic steel was proposed.展开更多
BACKGROUND The efficiency of the target versus sub-target dose of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors(RASIs)in elderly patients with heart failure(HF)with reduced ejection fraction(HErEF)remains unclear.METHODS PubMe...BACKGROUND The efficiency of the target versus sub-target dose of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors(RASIs)in elderly patients with heart failure(HF)with reduced ejection fraction(HErEF)remains unclear.METHODS PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from database inception through March 2022 for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and observational studies considering the effect of the target versus sub-target dose of RASIs on survival in elderly patients(≥60 years)with HErEF.The primary outcome was all-cause mortality.The secondary outcomes were cardiac mortality,HF hospitalization,and the composite endpoint of mortality or HF hospitalization.A meta-analysis was conducted to generate combined hazard ratio(HR)and 95%CI.RESULTS Seven studies(two RCTs and five observational studies)enrolling 16,634 patients were included.A pooled analysis suggested that the target versus sub-target dose of RASIs led to lower rates of all-cause mortality(HR=0.92,95%CI:0.87–0.98,I2=21%)and cardiac mortality(HR=0.93,95%CI:0.85–1.00,I2=15%)but not reduced rates of HF hospitalization(HR=0.94,95%CI:0.88–1.01,I2=0)and the composite endpoint(HR=1.03,95%CI:0.91–1.15,I2=51%).However,the target dose of RASIs was associated with a similar primary outcome(HR=0.85,95%CI:0.64–1.14,I2=0)in a subgroup of very elderly patients>75 years of age.CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests that the target dose of RASIs has a better survival benefit in elderly patients with HFrEF compared to the sub-target dose of RASIs.However,the sub-target dose of RASIs is associated with a similar mortality rate in very elderly patients>75 years of age.Future high-quality and adequately powered RCTs are warranted.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B(HB)and hepatitis C(HC)place the largest burden in China,and a goal of eliminating them as a major public health threat by 2030 has been set.Making more informed and accurate forecasts of their s...BACKGROUND Hepatitis B(HB)and hepatitis C(HC)place the largest burden in China,and a goal of eliminating them as a major public health threat by 2030 has been set.Making more informed and accurate forecasts of their spread is essential for developing effective strategies,heightening the requirement for early warning to deal with such a major public health threat.AIM To monitor HB and HC epidemics by the design of a paradigmatic seasonal autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average(SARFIMA)for projections into 2030,and to compare the effectiveness with the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average(SARIMA).METHODS Monthly HB and HC incidence cases in China were obtained from January 2004 to June 2023.Descriptive analysis and the Hodrick-Prescott method were employed to identify trends and seasonality.Two periods(from January 2004 to June 2022 and from January 2004 to December 2015,respectively)were used as the training sets to develop both models,while the remaining periods served as the test sets to evaluate the forecasting accuracy.RESULTS There were incidents of 23400874 HB cases and 3590867 HC cases from January 2004 to June 2023.Overall,HB remained steady[average annual percentage change(AAPC)=0.44,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-0.94-1.84]while HC was increasing(AAPC=8.91,95%CI:6.98-10.88),and both had a peak in March and a trough in February.In the 12-step-ahead HB forecast,the mean absolute deviation(15211.94),root mean square error(18762.94),mean absolute percentage error(0.17),mean error rate(0.15),and root mean square percentage error(0.25)under the best SARFIMA(3,0,0)(0,0.449,2)12 were smaller than those under the best SARIMA(3,0,0)(0,1,2)12(16867.71,20775.12,0.19,0.17,and 0.27,respectively).Similar results were also observed for the 90-step-ahead HB,12-step-ahead HC,and 90-step-ahead HC forecasts.The predicted HB incidents totaled 9865400(95%CI:7508093-12222709)cases and HC totaled 1659485(95%CI:856681-2462290)cases during 2023-2030.CONCLUSION Under current interventions,China faces enormous challenges to eliminate HB and HC epidemics by 2030,and effective strategies must be reinforced.The integration of SARFIMA into public health for the management of HB and HC epidemics can potentially result in more informed and efficient interventions,surpassing the capabilities of SARIMA.展开更多
The fractional-order Boussinesq equations(FBSQe)are investigated in this work to see if they can effectively improve the situation where the shallow water equation cannot directly handle the dispersion wave.The fuzzy ...The fractional-order Boussinesq equations(FBSQe)are investigated in this work to see if they can effectively improve the situation where the shallow water equation cannot directly handle the dispersion wave.The fuzzy forms of analytical FBSQe solutions are first derived using the Adomian decomposition method.It also occurs on the sea floor as opposed to at the functionality.A set of dynamical partial differential equations(PDEs)in this article exemplify an unconfined aquifer flow implication.Thismethodology can accurately simulate climatological intrinsic waves,so the ripples are spread across a large demographic zone.The Aboodh transform merged with the mechanism of Adomian decomposition is implemented to obtain the fuzzified FBSQe in R,R^(n) and(2nth)-order involving generalized Hukuhara differentiability.According to the system parameter,we classify the qualitative features of the Aboodh transform in the fuzzified Caputo and Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo fractional derivative formulations,which are addressed in detail.The illustrations depict a comparison analysis between the both fractional operators under gH-differentiability,as well as the appropriate attributes for the fractional-order and unpredictability factorsσ∈[0,1].A statistical experiment is conducted between the findings of both fractional derivatives to prevent changing the hypothesis after the results are known.Based on the suggested analyses,hydrodynamic technicians,as irrigation or aquifer quality experts,may be capable of obtaining an appropriate storage intensity amount,including an unpredictability threshold.展开更多
Anomalous transport in magnetically confined plasmas is investigated using temporal fractional transport equations.The use of temporal fractional transport equations means that the order of the partial derivative with...Anomalous transport in magnetically confined plasmas is investigated using temporal fractional transport equations.The use of temporal fractional transport equations means that the order of the partial derivative with respect to time is a fraction. In this case, the Caputo fractional derivative relative to time is utilized, because it preserves the form of the initial conditions. A numerical calculation reveals that the fractional order of the temporal derivative α(α ∈(0, 1), sub-diffusive regime) controls the diffusion rate. The temporal fractional derivative is related to the fact that the evolution of a physical quantity is affected by its past history, depending on what are termed memory effects. The magnitude of α is a measure of such memory effects. When α decreases, so does the rate of particle diffusion due to memory effects. As a result,if a system initially has a density profile without a source, then the smaller the α is, the more slowly the density profile approaches zero. When a source is added, due to the balance of the diffusion and fueling processes, the system reaches a steady state and the density profile does not evolve. As α decreases, the time required for the system to reach a steady state increases. In magnetically confined plasmas, the temporal fractional transport model can be applied to off-axis heating processes. Moreover, it is found that the memory effects reduce the rate of energy conduction and hollow temperature profiles can be sustained for a longer time in sub-diffusion processes than in ordinary diffusion processes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gliflozins or Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors(SGLT2i)are relatively novel antidiabetic medications that have recently been shown to represent favorable effects on patients’cardiorenal outcomes.Ho...BACKGROUND Gliflozins or Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors(SGLT2i)are relatively novel antidiabetic medications that have recently been shown to represent favorable effects on patients’cardiorenal outcomes.However,there is shortage of data on potential disparities in this therapeutic effect across different patient subpopulations.AIM To investigate differential effects of SGLT2i on the cardiorenal outcomes of heart failure patients across left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)levels.METHODS Literature was searched systematically for the large randomized double-blind controlled trials with long enough follow up periods reporting cardiovascular and renal outcomes in their patients regarding heart failure status and LVEF levels.Data were then meta-analyzed after stratification of the pooled data across the LVEF strata and New York Heart Associations(NYHA)classifications for heart failure using Stata software version 17.0.RESULTS The literature search returned 13 Large clinical trials and 13 post hoc analysis reports.Meta-analysis of the effects of gliflozins on the primary composite outcome showed no significant difference in efficacy across the heart failure subtypes,but higher efficacy were detected in patient groups at lower NYHA classifications(I2=46%,P=0.02).Meta-analyses across the LVEF stratums revealed that a baseline LVEF lower than 30%was associated with enhanced improvement in the primary composite outcome compared to patients with higher LVEF levels at the borderline statistical significance(HR:0.70,95%CI:0.60 to 0.79 vs 0.81,95%CI:0.75 to 0.87;respectively,P=0.06).Composite renal outcome was improved significantly higher in patients with no heart failure than in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)(HR:0.60,95%CI:0.49 to 0.72 vs 0.94,95%CI:0.74 to 1.13;P=0.04).Acute renal injury occurred significantly less frequently in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction who received gliflozins than in HFpEF(HR:0.67,95%CI:51 to 0.82 vs 0.94,95%CI:0.82 to 1.06;P=0.01).Volume depletion was consistently increased in response to SGLT2i in all the subgroups.CONCLUSION Heart failure patients with lower LVEF and lower NYHA sub-classifications were found to be generally more likely to benefit from therapy with gliflozins.Further research are required to identify patient subgroups representing the highest benefits or adverse events in response to SGLT2i.展开更多
The goal of this research is to develop a new,simplified analytical method known as the ARA-residue power series method for obtaining exact-approximate solutions employing Caputo type fractional partial differential e...The goal of this research is to develop a new,simplified analytical method known as the ARA-residue power series method for obtaining exact-approximate solutions employing Caputo type fractional partial differential equations(PDEs)with variable coefficient.ARA-transform is a robust and highly flexible generalization that unifies several existing transforms.The key concept behind this method is to create approximate series outcomes by implementing the ARA-transform and Taylor’s expansion.The process of finding approximations for dynamical fractional-order PDEs is challenging,but the ARA-residual power series technique magnifies this challenge by articulating the solution in a series pattern and then determining the series coefficients by employing the residual component and the limit at infinity concepts.This approach is effective and useful for solving a massive class of fractional-order PDEs.Five appealing implementations are taken into consideration to demonstrate the effectiveness of the projected technique in creating solitary series findings for the governing equations with variable coefficients.Additionally,several visualizations are drawn for different fractional-order values.Besides that,the estimated findings by the proposed technique are in close agreement with the exact outcomes.Finally,statistical analyses further validate the efficacy,dependability and steady interconnectivity of the suggested ARA-residue power series approach.展开更多
The time-fractional modified Korteweg-de Vries(KdV)equation is committed to establish exact solutions by employing the bifurcation method.Firstly,the phase portraits and related qualitative analysis are comprehensivel...The time-fractional modified Korteweg-de Vries(KdV)equation is committed to establish exact solutions by employing the bifurcation method.Firstly,the phase portraits and related qualitative analysis are comprehensively provided.Then,we give parametric expressions of different types of solutions matching with the corresponding orbits.Finally,solution profiles,3D and density plots of some solutions are presented with proper parametric choices.展开更多
The robust stability study of the classic Smith predictor-based control system for uncertain fractional-order plants with interval time delays and interval coefficients is the emphasis of this work.Interval uncertaint...The robust stability study of the classic Smith predictor-based control system for uncertain fractional-order plants with interval time delays and interval coefficients is the emphasis of this work.Interval uncertainties are a type of parametric uncertainties that cannot be avoided when modeling real-world plants.Also,in the considered Smith predictor control structure it is supposed that the controller is a fractional-order proportional integral derivative(FOPID)controller.To the best of the authors'knowledge,no method has been developed until now to analyze the robust stability of a Smith predictor based fractional-order control system in the presence of the simultaneous uncertainties in gain,time-constants,and time delay.The three primary contributions of this study are as follows:ⅰ)a set of necessary and sufficient conditions is constructed using a graphical method to examine the robust stability of a Smith predictor-based fractionalorder control system—the proposed method explicitly determines whether or not the FOPID controller can robustly stabilize the Smith predictor-based fractional-order control system;ⅱ)an auxiliary function as a robust stability testing function is presented to reduce the computational complexity of the robust stability analysis;andⅲ)two auxiliary functions are proposed to achieve the control requirements on the disturbance rejection and the noise reduction.Finally,four numerical examples and an experimental verification are presented in this study to demonstrate the efficacy and significance of the suggested technique.展开更多
The work is devoted to the fractional characterization of time-dependent coupled convection-diffusion systems arising in magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)flows.The time derivative is expressed by means of Caputo’s fractional...The work is devoted to the fractional characterization of time-dependent coupled convection-diffusion systems arising in magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)flows.The time derivative is expressed by means of Caputo’s fractional derivative concept,while the model is solved via the full-spectral method(FSM)and the semi-spectral scheme(SSS).The FSM is based on the operational matrices of derivatives constructed by using higher-order orthogonal polynomials and collocation techniques.The SSS is developed by discretizing the time variable,and the space domain is collocated by using equal points.A detailed comparative analysis is made through graphs for various parameters and tables with existing literature.The contour graphs are made to show the behaviors of the velocity and magnetic fields.The proposed methods are reasonably efficient in examining the behavior of convection-diffusion equations arising in MHD flows,and the concept may be extended for variable order models arising in MHD flows.展开更多
BACKGROUND Left ventricular(LV)remodeling and diastolic function in people with heart failure(HF)are correlated with iron status;however,the causality is uncertain.This Mendelian randomization(MR)study investigated th...BACKGROUND Left ventricular(LV)remodeling and diastolic function in people with heart failure(HF)are correlated with iron status;however,the causality is uncertain.This Mendelian randomization(MR)study investigated the bidirectional causal relationship between systemic iron parameters and LV structure and function in a preserved ejection fraction population.METHODS Transferrin saturation(TSAT),total iron binding capacity(TIBC),and serum iron and ferritin levels were extracted as instrumental variables for iron parameters from meta-analyses of public genome-wide association studies.Individuals without myocardial infarction history,HF,or LV ejection fraction(LVEF)<50%(n=16,923)in the UK Biobank Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study constituted the outcome dataset.The dataset included LV end-diastolic volume,LV endsystolic volume,LV mass(LVM),and LVM-to-end-diastolic volume ratio(LVMVR).We used a two-sample bidirectional MR study with inverse variance weighting(IVW)as the primary analysis method and estimation methods using different algorithms to improve the robustness of the results.RESULTS In the IVW analysis,one standard deviation(SD)increased in TSAT significantly correlated with decreased LVMVR(β=-0.1365;95%confidence interval[CI]:-0.2092 to-0.0638;P=0.0002)after Bonferroni adjustment.Conversely,no significant relationships were observed between other iron and LV parameters.After Bonferroni correction,reverse MR analysis showed that one SD increase in LVEF significantly correlated with decreased TSAT(β=-0.0699;95%CI:-0.1087 to-0.0311;P=0.0004).No heterogeneity or pleiotropic effects evidence was observed in the analysis.CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a causal relationship between TSAT and LV remodeling and function in a preserved ejection fraction population.展开更多
BACKGROUND The recently introduced ultrasonic flow ratio(UFR),is a novel fast computational method to derive fractional flow reserve(FFR)from intravascular ultrasound(IVUS)images.In the present study,we evaluate the d...BACKGROUND The recently introduced ultrasonic flow ratio(UFR),is a novel fast computational method to derive fractional flow reserve(FFR)from intravascular ultrasound(IVUS)images.In the present study,we evaluate the diagnostic performance of UFR in patients with intermediate left main(LM)stenosis.METHODS This is a prospective,single center study enrolling consecutive patients with presence of intermediated LM lesions(diameter stenosis of 30%-80%by visual estimation)underwent IVUS and FFR measurement.An independent core laboratory assessed offline UFR and IVUS-derived minimal lumen area(MLA)in a blinded fashion.RESULTS Both UFR and FFR were successfully achieved in 41 LM patients(mean age,62.0±9.9 years,46.3%diabetes).An acceptable correlation between UFR and FFR was identified(r=0.688,P<0.0001),with an absolute numerical difference of 0.03(standard difference:0.01).The area under the curve(AUC)in diagnosis of physiologically significant coronary stenosis for UFR was 0.94(95%CI:0.87-1.01),which was significantly higher than angiographic identified stenosis>50%(AUC=0.66,P<0.001)and numerically higher than IVUS-derived MLA(AUC=0.82;P=0.09).Patient level diagnostic accuracy,sensitivity and specificity for UFR to identify FFR≤0.80 was 82.9%(95%CI:70.2-95.7),93.1%(95%CI:82.2-100.0),58.3%(95%CI:26.3-90.4),respectively.CONCLUSION In patients with intermediate LM diseases,UFR was proved to be associated with acceptable correlation and high accuracy with pressure wire-based FFR as standard reference.The present study supports the use of UFR for functional evaluation of intermediate LM stenosis.展开更多
Gears are pivotal in mechanical drives,and gear contact analysis is a typically difficult problem to solve.Emerging isogeometric analysis(IGA)methods have developed new ideas to solve this problem.In this paper,a thre...Gears are pivotal in mechanical drives,and gear contact analysis is a typically difficult problem to solve.Emerging isogeometric analysis(IGA)methods have developed new ideas to solve this problem.In this paper,a threedimensional body parametric gear model of IGA is established,and a theoretical formula is derived to realize single-tooth contact analysis.Results were benchmarked against those obtained from commercial software utilizing the finite element analysis(FEA)method to validate the accuracy of our approach.Our findings indicate that the IGA-based contact algorithmsuccessfullymet theHertz contact test.When juxtaposed with the FEA approach,the IGAmethod demonstrated fewer node degrees of freedomand reduced computational units,all whilemaintaining comparable accuracy.Notably,the IGA method appeared to exhibit consistency in analysis accuracy irrespective of computational unit density,and also significantlymitigated non-physical oscillations in contact stress across the tooth width.This underscores the prowess of IGA in contact analysis.In conclusion,IGA emerges as a potent tool for addressing contact analysis challenges and holds significant promise for 3D gear modeling,simulation,and optimization of various mechanical components.展开更多
In recent years,fractional-order chaotic maps have been paid more attention in publications because of the memory effect.This paper presents a novel variable-order fractional sine map(VFSM)based on the discrete fracti...In recent years,fractional-order chaotic maps have been paid more attention in publications because of the memory effect.This paper presents a novel variable-order fractional sine map(VFSM)based on the discrete fractional calculus.Specially,the order is defined as an iterative function that incorporates the current state of the system.By analyzing phase diagrams,time sequences,bifurcations,Lyapunov exponents and fuzzy entropy complexity,the dynamics of the proposed map are investigated comparing with the constant-order fractional sine map.The results reveal that the variable order has a good effect on improving the chaotic performance,and it enlarges the range of available parameter values as well as reduces non-chaotic windows.Multiple coexisting attractors also enrich the dynamics of VFSM and prove its sensitivity to initial values.Moreover,the sequence generated by the proposed map passes the statistical test for pseudorandom number and shows strong robustness to parameter estimation,which proves the potential applications in the field of information security.展开更多
Background Protamination and condensation of sperm chromatin as well as DNA integrity play an essential role during fertilization and embryo development.In some mammals,like pigs,ejaculates are emitted in three separa...Background Protamination and condensation of sperm chromatin as well as DNA integrity play an essential role during fertilization and embryo development.In some mammals,like pigs,ejaculates are emitted in three separate fractions:pre-sperm,sperm-rich(SRF)and post sperm-rich(PSRF).These fractions are known to vary in volume,sperm concentration and quality,as well as in the origin and composition of seminal plasma(SP),with differences being also observed within the SRF one.Yet,whether disparities in the DNA integrity and chromatin condensation and pro-tamination of their sperm exist has not been interrogated.Results This study determined chromatin protamination(Chromomycin A3 test,CMA_(3)),condensation(Dibromobi-mane test,DBB),and DNA integrity(Comet assay)in the pig sperm contained in the first 10 m L of the SRF(SRF-P1),the remaining portion of the sperm-rich fraction(SRF-P2),and the post sperm-rich fraction(PSRF).While chromatin protamination was found to be similar between the different ejaculate fractions(P>0.05),chromatin condensation was seen to be greater in SRF-P1 and SRF-P2 than in the PSRF(P=0.018 and P=0.004,respectively).Regarding DNA integrity,no differences between fractions were observed(P>0.05).As the SRF-P1 has the highest sperm concentra-tion and ejaculate fractions are known to differ in antioxidant composition,the oxidative stress index(OSi)in SP,calcu-lated as total oxidant activity divided by total antioxidant capacity,was tested and confirmed to be higher in the SRF-P1 than in SRF-P2 and PSRF(0.42±0.06 vs.0.23±0.09 and 0.08±0.00,respectively;P<0.01);this index,in addition,was observed to be correlated to the sperm concentration of each fraction(Rs=0.973;P<0.001).Conclusion While sperm DNA integrity was not found to differ between ejaculate fractions,SRF-P1 and SRF-P2 were observed to exhibit greater chromatin condensation than the PSRF.This could be related to the OSi of each fraction.展开更多
The supercritical CO_(2)cOoled Lithium-Lead(COOL)blanket has been designed as one advanced blanket candidate for the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor(CFETR).This work focuses on the electromagnetic(EM)loads(Max...The supercritical CO_(2)cOoled Lithium-Lead(COOL)blanket has been designed as one advanced blanket candidate for the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor(CFETR).This work focuses on the electromagnetic(EM)loads(Maxwell force and Lorentz force)acting on the COOL blanket,which are important mechanical loads in further structural analysis of the COOL blanket.A 3D electromagnetic analysis is performed using the ANSYS finite element method to obtain EM loads on the COOL blanket in this study.At first,the magnetic scalar potential(MSP)method is used to obtain the magnetic field and the Maxwell force on the COOL blanket.Then,the magnetic vector potential(MVP)method is performed during a plasma disruption event to get the eddy current distribution.At last,a multi-step method is adopted for the calculation of the Lorentz force and the torque.The maximum Lorentz forces of inboard and outboard blanket structural components are 5624 kN and 2360 kN respectively.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41576057,41876092)。
文摘The quantitative analysis of sediment sources in a sink is an important scientific topic and challenge in provenance research.The characteristics of heavy minerals,combined with the geochemical constituents of detrital grains,provide a reliable provenance-tracing approach.We developed a mineral identification method to analyze the multiple grain-size fraction of sediments,from which the elemental geochemistry of hornblende was used to compare the characteristics of sediments from the Huaihe River and Huanghe(Yellow)River in eastern China.Elements that were statistically identified as being able to discriminate sediment provenance were employed to perform a quantitative analysis of the sources of sediments of the abandoned Huanghe River.Results reveal that the Huaihe River is characterized by a high amphibole content of>60%and that the Huanghe and abandoned Huanghe rivers have greater abundances of limonite and carbonate minerals compared with those of the Huaihe River.The contents of trace elements and rare earth elements in hornblende show that the sediments of the abandoned Huanghe River are similar to those of the Huanghe River but different from those of the Huaihe River.Furthermore,chemical mass balance was used to calculate the relative contributions of different provenances of sediment from the abandoned Huanghe River,and nine trace elements of hornblende were identified as discriminators of provenance.Approximately 2%of the hornblende in the abandoned Huanghe River is derived from the Huaihe River and 98%from the Huanghe River.Considering the proportion of hornblende in the total sediment,it is inferred that the contribution of Huaihe River sediment to the abandoned Huanghe River is approximately 0.5%.This study shows that mineral analysis using multiple grain-size fractions(within the wide range of 1Φto 6Φ)with assessment in elemental geochemistry of hornblende can characterize the provenance of fluvial material in coastal zones.
文摘The properties of synthetic graphite materials, widely used in advanced fields, are determined by their structure, which is formed in the process of high-temperature (~2500<span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span></span><span style="white-space:normal;"></span>C) heat treatment. The fine structure of a graphitizing carbon material based on petroleum coke containing 1.3 wt% S at various stages of graphitization was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. Some of the samples contained the addition of dispersed Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. It is shown that the heat-treated material in the range 1200<span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span></span><span style="white-space:normal;"></span>C - 2600<span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">°</span></span><span style="white-space:normal;"></span>C is heterogeneous, its component composition is determined by the processing temperature and the presence of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> additive. The observed dependence of the component composition on the heat treatment temperature suggests that the process of graphitization of the carbon material, apparently, develops through a number of metastable states.
文摘Results of researches on plastic deformation of steels were obtained by acoustic emission and X-ray methods.The new numerical-analytical method of the thin structure parameter determination on one diffraction line was offered.It is supposed that with a growth of the deformation the cubic lattice will be transformed in the orthorhombic lattice.It is shown that changes of a condition of crystal structure of austenitic steel occur in four stages and of carbonaceous steel occur in six stages.Existence of two types of acoustic emission sources in carbonaceous steel and one type of acoustic emission source in austenitic steel was proposed.
基金This study was supported by the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(No.2020ZLYS05)。
文摘BACKGROUND The efficiency of the target versus sub-target dose of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors(RASIs)in elderly patients with heart failure(HF)with reduced ejection fraction(HErEF)remains unclear.METHODS PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from database inception through March 2022 for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)and observational studies considering the effect of the target versus sub-target dose of RASIs on survival in elderly patients(≥60 years)with HErEF.The primary outcome was all-cause mortality.The secondary outcomes were cardiac mortality,HF hospitalization,and the composite endpoint of mortality or HF hospitalization.A meta-analysis was conducted to generate combined hazard ratio(HR)and 95%CI.RESULTS Seven studies(two RCTs and five observational studies)enrolling 16,634 patients were included.A pooled analysis suggested that the target versus sub-target dose of RASIs led to lower rates of all-cause mortality(HR=0.92,95%CI:0.87–0.98,I2=21%)and cardiac mortality(HR=0.93,95%CI:0.85–1.00,I2=15%)but not reduced rates of HF hospitalization(HR=0.94,95%CI:0.88–1.01,I2=0)and the composite endpoint(HR=1.03,95%CI:0.91–1.15,I2=51%).However,the target dose of RASIs was associated with a similar primary outcome(HR=0.85,95%CI:0.64–1.14,I2=0)in a subgroup of very elderly patients>75 years of age.CONCLUSIONS Our analysis suggests that the target dose of RASIs has a better survival benefit in elderly patients with HFrEF compared to the sub-target dose of RASIs.However,the sub-target dose of RASIs is associated with a similar mortality rate in very elderly patients>75 years of age.Future high-quality and adequately powered RCTs are warranted.
基金Supported by the Key Scientific Research Project of Universities in Henan Province,No.21A330004Natural Science Foundation in Henan Province,No.222300420265.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatitis B(HB)and hepatitis C(HC)place the largest burden in China,and a goal of eliminating them as a major public health threat by 2030 has been set.Making more informed and accurate forecasts of their spread is essential for developing effective strategies,heightening the requirement for early warning to deal with such a major public health threat.AIM To monitor HB and HC epidemics by the design of a paradigmatic seasonal autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average(SARFIMA)for projections into 2030,and to compare the effectiveness with the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average(SARIMA).METHODS Monthly HB and HC incidence cases in China were obtained from January 2004 to June 2023.Descriptive analysis and the Hodrick-Prescott method were employed to identify trends and seasonality.Two periods(from January 2004 to June 2022 and from January 2004 to December 2015,respectively)were used as the training sets to develop both models,while the remaining periods served as the test sets to evaluate the forecasting accuracy.RESULTS There were incidents of 23400874 HB cases and 3590867 HC cases from January 2004 to June 2023.Overall,HB remained steady[average annual percentage change(AAPC)=0.44,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-0.94-1.84]while HC was increasing(AAPC=8.91,95%CI:6.98-10.88),and both had a peak in March and a trough in February.In the 12-step-ahead HB forecast,the mean absolute deviation(15211.94),root mean square error(18762.94),mean absolute percentage error(0.17),mean error rate(0.15),and root mean square percentage error(0.25)under the best SARFIMA(3,0,0)(0,0.449,2)12 were smaller than those under the best SARIMA(3,0,0)(0,1,2)12(16867.71,20775.12,0.19,0.17,and 0.27,respectively).Similar results were also observed for the 90-step-ahead HB,12-step-ahead HC,and 90-step-ahead HC forecasts.The predicted HB incidents totaled 9865400(95%CI:7508093-12222709)cases and HC totaled 1659485(95%CI:856681-2462290)cases during 2023-2030.CONCLUSION Under current interventions,China faces enormous challenges to eliminate HB and HC epidemics by 2030,and effective strategies must be reinforced.The integration of SARFIMA into public health for the management of HB and HC epidemics can potentially result in more informed and efficient interventions,surpassing the capabilities of SARIMA.
文摘The fractional-order Boussinesq equations(FBSQe)are investigated in this work to see if they can effectively improve the situation where the shallow water equation cannot directly handle the dispersion wave.The fuzzy forms of analytical FBSQe solutions are first derived using the Adomian decomposition method.It also occurs on the sea floor as opposed to at the functionality.A set of dynamical partial differential equations(PDEs)in this article exemplify an unconfined aquifer flow implication.Thismethodology can accurately simulate climatological intrinsic waves,so the ripples are spread across a large demographic zone.The Aboodh transform merged with the mechanism of Adomian decomposition is implemented to obtain the fuzzified FBSQe in R,R^(n) and(2nth)-order involving generalized Hukuhara differentiability.According to the system parameter,we classify the qualitative features of the Aboodh transform in the fuzzified Caputo and Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo fractional derivative formulations,which are addressed in detail.The illustrations depict a comparison analysis between the both fractional operators under gH-differentiability,as well as the appropriate attributes for the fractional-order and unpredictability factorsσ∈[0,1].A statistical experiment is conducted between the findings of both fractional derivatives to prevent changing the hypothesis after the results are known.Based on the suggested analyses,hydrodynamic technicians,as irrigation or aquifer quality experts,may be capable of obtaining an appropriate storage intensity amount,including an unpredictability threshold.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFE03090000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11925501)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities (Grant No. DUT22ZD215)。
文摘Anomalous transport in magnetically confined plasmas is investigated using temporal fractional transport equations.The use of temporal fractional transport equations means that the order of the partial derivative with respect to time is a fraction. In this case, the Caputo fractional derivative relative to time is utilized, because it preserves the form of the initial conditions. A numerical calculation reveals that the fractional order of the temporal derivative α(α ∈(0, 1), sub-diffusive regime) controls the diffusion rate. The temporal fractional derivative is related to the fact that the evolution of a physical quantity is affected by its past history, depending on what are termed memory effects. The magnitude of α is a measure of such memory effects. When α decreases, so does the rate of particle diffusion due to memory effects. As a result,if a system initially has a density profile without a source, then the smaller the α is, the more slowly the density profile approaches zero. When a source is added, due to the balance of the diffusion and fueling processes, the system reaches a steady state and the density profile does not evolve. As α decreases, the time required for the system to reach a steady state increases. In magnetically confined plasmas, the temporal fractional transport model can be applied to off-axis heating processes. Moreover, it is found that the memory effects reduce the rate of energy conduction and hollow temperature profiles can be sustained for a longer time in sub-diffusion processes than in ordinary diffusion processes.
文摘BACKGROUND Gliflozins or Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors(SGLT2i)are relatively novel antidiabetic medications that have recently been shown to represent favorable effects on patients’cardiorenal outcomes.However,there is shortage of data on potential disparities in this therapeutic effect across different patient subpopulations.AIM To investigate differential effects of SGLT2i on the cardiorenal outcomes of heart failure patients across left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)levels.METHODS Literature was searched systematically for the large randomized double-blind controlled trials with long enough follow up periods reporting cardiovascular and renal outcomes in their patients regarding heart failure status and LVEF levels.Data were then meta-analyzed after stratification of the pooled data across the LVEF strata and New York Heart Associations(NYHA)classifications for heart failure using Stata software version 17.0.RESULTS The literature search returned 13 Large clinical trials and 13 post hoc analysis reports.Meta-analysis of the effects of gliflozins on the primary composite outcome showed no significant difference in efficacy across the heart failure subtypes,but higher efficacy were detected in patient groups at lower NYHA classifications(I2=46%,P=0.02).Meta-analyses across the LVEF stratums revealed that a baseline LVEF lower than 30%was associated with enhanced improvement in the primary composite outcome compared to patients with higher LVEF levels at the borderline statistical significance(HR:0.70,95%CI:0.60 to 0.79 vs 0.81,95%CI:0.75 to 0.87;respectively,P=0.06).Composite renal outcome was improved significantly higher in patients with no heart failure than in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)(HR:0.60,95%CI:0.49 to 0.72 vs 0.94,95%CI:0.74 to 1.13;P=0.04).Acute renal injury occurred significantly less frequently in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction who received gliflozins than in HFpEF(HR:0.67,95%CI:51 to 0.82 vs 0.94,95%CI:0.82 to 1.06;P=0.01).Volume depletion was consistently increased in response to SGLT2i in all the subgroups.CONCLUSION Heart failure patients with lower LVEF and lower NYHA sub-classifications were found to be generally more likely to benefit from therapy with gliflozins.Further research are required to identify patient subgroups representing the highest benefits or adverse events in response to SGLT2i.
文摘The goal of this research is to develop a new,simplified analytical method known as the ARA-residue power series method for obtaining exact-approximate solutions employing Caputo type fractional partial differential equations(PDEs)with variable coefficient.ARA-transform is a robust and highly flexible generalization that unifies several existing transforms.The key concept behind this method is to create approximate series outcomes by implementing the ARA-transform and Taylor’s expansion.The process of finding approximations for dynamical fractional-order PDEs is challenging,but the ARA-residual power series technique magnifies this challenge by articulating the solution in a series pattern and then determining the series coefficients by employing the residual component and the limit at infinity concepts.This approach is effective and useful for solving a massive class of fractional-order PDEs.Five appealing implementations are taken into consideration to demonstrate the effectiveness of the projected technique in creating solitary series findings for the governing equations with variable coefficients.Additionally,several visualizations are drawn for different fractional-order values.Besides that,the estimated findings by the proposed technique are in close agreement with the exact outcomes.Finally,statistical analyses further validate the efficacy,dependability and steady interconnectivity of the suggested ARA-residue power series approach.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No.ZR2021MA084)the Natural Science Foundation of Liaocheng University (Grant No.318012025)Discipline with Strong Characteristics of Liaocheng University–Intelligent Science and Technology (Grant No.319462208)。
文摘The time-fractional modified Korteweg-de Vries(KdV)equation is committed to establish exact solutions by employing the bifurcation method.Firstly,the phase portraits and related qualitative analysis are comprehensively provided.Then,we give parametric expressions of different types of solutions matching with the corresponding orbits.Finally,solution profiles,3D and density plots of some solutions are presented with proper parametric choices.
基金supported by the Estonian Research Council(PRG658)。
文摘The robust stability study of the classic Smith predictor-based control system for uncertain fractional-order plants with interval time delays and interval coefficients is the emphasis of this work.Interval uncertainties are a type of parametric uncertainties that cannot be avoided when modeling real-world plants.Also,in the considered Smith predictor control structure it is supposed that the controller is a fractional-order proportional integral derivative(FOPID)controller.To the best of the authors'knowledge,no method has been developed until now to analyze the robust stability of a Smith predictor based fractional-order control system in the presence of the simultaneous uncertainties in gain,time-constants,and time delay.The three primary contributions of this study are as follows:ⅰ)a set of necessary and sufficient conditions is constructed using a graphical method to examine the robust stability of a Smith predictor-based fractionalorder control system—the proposed method explicitly determines whether or not the FOPID controller can robustly stabilize the Smith predictor-based fractional-order control system;ⅱ)an auxiliary function as a robust stability testing function is presented to reduce the computational complexity of the robust stability analysis;andⅲ)two auxiliary functions are proposed to achieve the control requirements on the disturbance rejection and the noise reduction.Finally,four numerical examples and an experimental verification are presented in this study to demonstrate the efficacy and significance of the suggested technique.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12250410244,11872151)the Jiangsu Province Education Development Special Project-2022 for Double First-ClassSchool Talent Start-up Fund of China(No.2022r109)the Longshan Scholar Program of Jiangsu Province of China。
文摘The work is devoted to the fractional characterization of time-dependent coupled convection-diffusion systems arising in magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)flows.The time derivative is expressed by means of Caputo’s fractional derivative concept,while the model is solved via the full-spectral method(FSM)and the semi-spectral scheme(SSS).The FSM is based on the operational matrices of derivatives constructed by using higher-order orthogonal polynomials and collocation techniques.The SSS is developed by discretizing the time variable,and the space domain is collocated by using equal points.A detailed comparative analysis is made through graphs for various parameters and tables with existing literature.The contour graphs are made to show the behaviors of the velocity and magnetic fields.The proposed methods are reasonably efficient in examining the behavior of convection-diffusion equations arising in MHD flows,and the concept may be extended for variable order models arising in MHD flows.
基金funded by the Key Research and Development of the Gansu Province(No.20YF8FA 079)the Construction Project of the Gansu Clinical Medical Research Center(No.18JR2FA003).
文摘BACKGROUND Left ventricular(LV)remodeling and diastolic function in people with heart failure(HF)are correlated with iron status;however,the causality is uncertain.This Mendelian randomization(MR)study investigated the bidirectional causal relationship between systemic iron parameters and LV structure and function in a preserved ejection fraction population.METHODS Transferrin saturation(TSAT),total iron binding capacity(TIBC),and serum iron and ferritin levels were extracted as instrumental variables for iron parameters from meta-analyses of public genome-wide association studies.Individuals without myocardial infarction history,HF,or LV ejection fraction(LVEF)<50%(n=16,923)in the UK Biobank Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study constituted the outcome dataset.The dataset included LV end-diastolic volume,LV endsystolic volume,LV mass(LVM),and LVM-to-end-diastolic volume ratio(LVMVR).We used a two-sample bidirectional MR study with inverse variance weighting(IVW)as the primary analysis method and estimation methods using different algorithms to improve the robustness of the results.RESULTS In the IVW analysis,one standard deviation(SD)increased in TSAT significantly correlated with decreased LVMVR(β=-0.1365;95%confidence interval[CI]:-0.2092 to-0.0638;P=0.0002)after Bonferroni adjustment.Conversely,no significant relationships were observed between other iron and LV parameters.After Bonferroni correction,reverse MR analysis showed that one SD increase in LVEF significantly correlated with decreased TSAT(β=-0.0699;95%CI:-0.1087 to-0.0311;P=0.0004).No heterogeneity or pleiotropic effects evidence was observed in the analysis.CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a causal relationship between TSAT and LV remodeling and function in a preserved ejection fraction population.
基金supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(2022–12M-C&TB-043).
文摘BACKGROUND The recently introduced ultrasonic flow ratio(UFR),is a novel fast computational method to derive fractional flow reserve(FFR)from intravascular ultrasound(IVUS)images.In the present study,we evaluate the diagnostic performance of UFR in patients with intermediate left main(LM)stenosis.METHODS This is a prospective,single center study enrolling consecutive patients with presence of intermediated LM lesions(diameter stenosis of 30%-80%by visual estimation)underwent IVUS and FFR measurement.An independent core laboratory assessed offline UFR and IVUS-derived minimal lumen area(MLA)in a blinded fashion.RESULTS Both UFR and FFR were successfully achieved in 41 LM patients(mean age,62.0±9.9 years,46.3%diabetes).An acceptable correlation between UFR and FFR was identified(r=0.688,P<0.0001),with an absolute numerical difference of 0.03(standard difference:0.01).The area under the curve(AUC)in diagnosis of physiologically significant coronary stenosis for UFR was 0.94(95%CI:0.87-1.01),which was significantly higher than angiographic identified stenosis>50%(AUC=0.66,P<0.001)and numerically higher than IVUS-derived MLA(AUC=0.82;P=0.09).Patient level diagnostic accuracy,sensitivity and specificity for UFR to identify FFR≤0.80 was 82.9%(95%CI:70.2-95.7),93.1%(95%CI:82.2-100.0),58.3%(95%CI:26.3-90.4),respectively.CONCLUSION In patients with intermediate LM diseases,UFR was proved to be associated with acceptable correlation and high accuracy with pressure wire-based FFR as standard reference.The present study supports the use of UFR for functional evaluation of intermediate LM stenosis.
基金support provided by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52075340,51875360)Project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (No.19060502300).
文摘Gears are pivotal in mechanical drives,and gear contact analysis is a typically difficult problem to solve.Emerging isogeometric analysis(IGA)methods have developed new ideas to solve this problem.In this paper,a threedimensional body parametric gear model of IGA is established,and a theoretical formula is derived to realize single-tooth contact analysis.Results were benchmarked against those obtained from commercial software utilizing the finite element analysis(FEA)method to validate the accuracy of our approach.Our findings indicate that the IGA-based contact algorithmsuccessfullymet theHertz contact test.When juxtaposed with the FEA approach,the IGAmethod demonstrated fewer node degrees of freedomand reduced computational units,all whilemaintaining comparable accuracy.Notably,the IGA method appeared to exhibit consistency in analysis accuracy irrespective of computational unit density,and also significantlymitigated non-physical oscillations in contact stress across the tooth width.This underscores the prowess of IGA in contact analysis.In conclusion,IGA emerges as a potent tool for addressing contact analysis challenges and holds significant promise for 3D gear modeling,simulation,and optimization of various mechanical components.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62071496,61901530,and 62061008)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(Grant No.2020JJ5767).
文摘In recent years,fractional-order chaotic maps have been paid more attention in publications because of the memory effect.This paper presents a novel variable-order fractional sine map(VFSM)based on the discrete fractional calculus.Specially,the order is defined as an iterative function that incorporates the current state of the system.By analyzing phase diagrams,time sequences,bifurcations,Lyapunov exponents and fuzzy entropy complexity,the dynamics of the proposed map are investigated comparing with the constant-order fractional sine map.The results reveal that the variable order has a good effect on improving the chaotic performance,and it enlarges the range of available parameter values as well as reduces non-chaotic windows.Multiple coexisting attractors also enrich the dynamics of VFSM and prove its sensitivity to initial values.Moreover,the sequence generated by the proposed map passes the statistical test for pseudorandom number and shows strong robustness to parameter estimation,which proves the potential applications in the field of information security.
基金This research was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation scheme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No.801342(Tecniospring INDUSTRYGrant:TECSPR-19-1-0003)+4 种基金the Ministry of Science and Innovation,Spain(Grants:PID2020-113320RB-I00,PID2020-113493RB-I00,RYC2021-034546-I and RYC2021-034764-I)the Catalan Agency for Management of University and Research Grants,Regional Government of Catalonia,Spain(Grants:2017-SGR-1229 and 2021-SGR-00900)the Seneca Foundation,Regional Government of Murcia,Spain(Grant:21935/PI/22)La Marato de TV3 Foundation(Grant:214/857-202039)and the Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies(ICREA).
文摘Background Protamination and condensation of sperm chromatin as well as DNA integrity play an essential role during fertilization and embryo development.In some mammals,like pigs,ejaculates are emitted in three separate fractions:pre-sperm,sperm-rich(SRF)and post sperm-rich(PSRF).These fractions are known to vary in volume,sperm concentration and quality,as well as in the origin and composition of seminal plasma(SP),with differences being also observed within the SRF one.Yet,whether disparities in the DNA integrity and chromatin condensation and pro-tamination of their sperm exist has not been interrogated.Results This study determined chromatin protamination(Chromomycin A3 test,CMA_(3)),condensation(Dibromobi-mane test,DBB),and DNA integrity(Comet assay)in the pig sperm contained in the first 10 m L of the SRF(SRF-P1),the remaining portion of the sperm-rich fraction(SRF-P2),and the post sperm-rich fraction(PSRF).While chromatin protamination was found to be similar between the different ejaculate fractions(P>0.05),chromatin condensation was seen to be greater in SRF-P1 and SRF-P2 than in the PSRF(P=0.018 and P=0.004,respectively).Regarding DNA integrity,no differences between fractions were observed(P>0.05).As the SRF-P1 has the highest sperm concentra-tion and ejaculate fractions are known to differ in antioxidant composition,the oxidative stress index(OSi)in SP,calcu-lated as total oxidant activity divided by total antioxidant capacity,was tested and confirmed to be higher in the SRF-P1 than in SRF-P2 and PSRF(0.42±0.06 vs.0.23±0.09 and 0.08±0.00,respectively;P<0.01);this index,in addition,was observed to be correlated to the sperm concentration of each fraction(Rs=0.973;P<0.001).Conclusion While sperm DNA integrity was not found to differ between ejaculate fractions,SRF-P1 and SRF-P2 were observed to exhibit greater chromatin condensation than the PSRF.This could be related to the OSi of each fraction.
基金supported by the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology(CRAFT)Program of China(No.2018-000052-73-01-001228)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12205330)。
文摘The supercritical CO_(2)cOoled Lithium-Lead(COOL)blanket has been designed as one advanced blanket candidate for the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor(CFETR).This work focuses on the electromagnetic(EM)loads(Maxwell force and Lorentz force)acting on the COOL blanket,which are important mechanical loads in further structural analysis of the COOL blanket.A 3D electromagnetic analysis is performed using the ANSYS finite element method to obtain EM loads on the COOL blanket in this study.At first,the magnetic scalar potential(MSP)method is used to obtain the magnetic field and the Maxwell force on the COOL blanket.Then,the magnetic vector potential(MVP)method is performed during a plasma disruption event to get the eddy current distribution.At last,a multi-step method is adopted for the calculation of the Lorentz force and the torque.The maximum Lorentz forces of inboard and outboard blanket structural components are 5624 kN and 2360 kN respectively.
