目的:探讨糖尿病与腰椎椎管狭窄之间的关联性。方法:检索糖尿病和腰椎椎管狭窄相关研究的已发表论文,对二者的关系进行综述。结果:患有糖尿病是腰椎椎管狭窄的高危因素之一。越来越多的研究证明,患有糖尿病可能会导致椎间盘及黄韧带的...目的:探讨糖尿病与腰椎椎管狭窄之间的关联性。方法:检索糖尿病和腰椎椎管狭窄相关研究的已发表论文,对二者的关系进行综述。结果:患有糖尿病是腰椎椎管狭窄的高危因素之一。越来越多的研究证明,患有糖尿病可能会导致椎间盘及黄韧带的退行性改变的进程加快,这可能增加腰椎椎管狭窄的发生风险。糖尿病性腰骶神经根丛病作为糖尿病的并发症,表现为神经源性跛行、腰背痛和腿痛,临床上该疾病与腰椎椎管狭窄的症状性主诉极其相似,因此易导致误诊。越来越多的临床研究证明糖尿病对腰椎椎管狭窄患者术后感染率、再手术率以及术后生活质量均有显著影响。结论:明确糖尿病与腰椎椎管狭窄之间的关系,有助于优化诊疗方案,降低医疗风险。Objective: To investigate the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Methods: Published papers of studies related to dm and LSS were retrieved, and the relationship between the two was reviewed. Results: DM is one of the high-risk factors for LSS. A growing number of studies have demonstrated that DM may accelerate degenerative changes in intervertebral discs and ligamentum flavum, which may increase the risk of LSS. Diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy, as a complication of DM, manifests as neurogenic claudication, low back pain, and leg pain. These symptoms closely overlap with the clinical manifestations of LSS, leading to misdiagnosis. An increasing number of clinical studies have demonstrated that DM significantly affects postoperative infection rates, reoperation rates, and postoperative quality of life in patients with LSS. Conclusion: Clarifying the relationship between DM and LSS can help to optimize the diagnosis and treatment plan and reduce clinical risks.展开更多
成人退行性脊柱侧凸(adult degenerative scoliosis, ADS)是伴随脊柱结构退变出现的进行性三维畸形,其发病率随着老龄化的加剧显著上升,已成为中老年人群慢性腰背痛、神经功能障碍及生活质量下降的重要病因。近年来,ADS的病因学研究逐...成人退行性脊柱侧凸(adult degenerative scoliosis, ADS)是伴随脊柱结构退变出现的进行性三维畸形,其发病率随着老龄化的加剧显著上升,已成为中老年人群慢性腰背痛、神经功能障碍及生活质量下降的重要病因。近年来,ADS的病因学研究逐步从单一退变机制转向多维度交互作用模型的探索,但退变与侧凸的因果关系、遗传–环境因素的权重及研究方法学的局限性等问题仍存争议。本文系统综述ADS的病因学研究进展,重点剖析:1) 脊柱退变的核心病理机制,包括椎间盘蛋白多糖流失、关节突关节退变及骨质疏松的协同作用;2) 多维度病因学证据,如遗传易感基因及代谢综合征的独立影响;3) 病因学假说的核心争议,包括“退变先行”与“侧凸导致退变”的循证分歧。现有研究表明,ADS的发生发展是遗传易感性、局部退变、生物力学失衡及全身代谢异常共同作用的动态过程,其中椎间盘非对称退变可能通过“应力集中–炎症激活–骨重塑异常”反馈环路驱动畸形进展。然而,现有研究多局限于横断面分析或低仿真模型,难以揭示病因的时序性与空间特异性。未来需依托纵向队列、多组学整合及人工智能辅助分析,构建“分子–影像–力学”跨尺度病因网络,以明确关键靶点并指导早期干预。本文强调多学科交叉研究的重要性,为ADS的精准分型与个体化防治提供理论依据。Adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS) is a progressive three-dimensional malformation accompanied by the degeneration of spinal structure. Its incidence rate has increased significantly with aging and has become an important cause of chronic low back pain, neurological dysfunction and declining quality of life in middle-aged and elderly people. In recent years, the etiology research of ADS has gradually shifted from a single degeneration mechanism to exploring multidimensional interaction models. However, there is still controversy over the causal relationship between degeneration and scoliosis, the weight of genetic-environmental factors, and the limitations of research methodology. This article provides a systematic review of the etiology research progress of ADS, with a focus on analyzing: 1) The core pathological mechanisms of spinal degeneration, including the synergistic effects of intervertebral disc proteoglycan loss, facet joint degeneration, and osteoporosis;2) Multidimensional etiological evidence, such as the independent effects of genetic susceptibility genes and metabolic syndrome;3) The core controversy of the etiological hypothesis includes the evidence-based divergence between “degeneration first” and “scoliosis leading to degeneration”. Existing research indicates that the occurrence and development of ADS is a dynamic process of genetic susceptibility, local degeneration, biomechanical imbalance, and systemic metabolic abnormalities. Among them, asymmetric degeneration of intervertebral discs may be driven by a feedback loop of “stress concentration-inflammation activation-bone remodeling abnormalities” to promote the progression of deformities. However, existing research is mostly limited to cross-sectional analysis or low simulation models, making it difficult to reveal the temporal and spatial specificity of the etiology. In the future, it is necessary to rely on longitudinal queues, multi-omics integration, and artificial intelligence-assisted analysis to construct a “molecular-imaging-mechanics” cross-scale etiological network, in order to identify key targets and guide early intervention. This article emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research, providing a theoretical basis for the precise classification and individualized prevention and treatment of ADS.展开更多
小儿扁平足是常见的儿童足部畸形,但对于儿童扁平足的治疗尚无统一的定论。大多数学者认为有症状的小儿扁平足的干预有积极意义。矫形鞋垫是目前主流的保守治疗选择。本文以矫形鞋垫治疗小儿扁平足为切入点,结合数字化步态分析,综述了...小儿扁平足是常见的儿童足部畸形,但对于儿童扁平足的治疗尚无统一的定论。大多数学者认为有症状的小儿扁平足的干预有积极意义。矫形鞋垫是目前主流的保守治疗选择。本文以矫形鞋垫治疗小儿扁平足为切入点,结合数字化步态分析,综述了儿童扁平足畸形的治疗及疗效评估。Children’s flat foot is a common foot deformity in children, but there is no uniform conclusion on the treatment of children’s flat foot. Most scholars believe that the intervention of symptomatic flat feet in children has positive significance. Orthopedic insole is currently the mainstream conservative treatment option. Based on the treatment of children’s flat feet with orthopedic insole and digital gait analysis, this paper reviews the treatment and efficacy evaluation of children’s flat feet deformity.展开更多
应用呼吸机进行机械通气是临床上治疗急性肺损伤、急性呼吸窘迫综合征及低氧血症的关键手段。然而,不当的参数设置常导致呼吸机相关性肺损伤,包括原发肺组织病变加重和健康肺泡受损,其高发生率和致死率已引起全球医学界的高度重视。本...应用呼吸机进行机械通气是临床上治疗急性肺损伤、急性呼吸窘迫综合征及低氧血症的关键手段。然而,不当的参数设置常导致呼吸机相关性肺损伤,包括原发肺组织病变加重和健康肺泡受损,其高发生率和致死率已引起全球医学界的高度重视。本文就呼吸机相关性肺损伤的可能原因及当前临床认可的干预措施进行综述,特别强调了围术期精准肺保护策略的应用。The use of ventilators for mechanical ventilation is a key clinical treatment for acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome and hypoxemia. However, improper parameter settings often lead to ventilator-associated lung injury, including exacerbation of primary lung tissue lesions and damage to healthy alveoli, and its high incidence and mortality have attracted the attention of the global medical community. This article reviews the possible causes of ventilator-associated lung injury and currently clinically accepted interventions, with particular emphasis on the application of perioperative precision lung protection strategies.展开更多
结直肠癌是全球范围内最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发生发展受到多种遗传和环境因素的影响。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,肠道菌群作为一种重要的环境因素,与结直肠癌的发病机制、临床特征和治疗效果密切相关。肠道菌群可以通过产生代谢物、...结直肠癌是全球范围内最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发生发展受到多种遗传和环境因素的影响。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,肠道菌群作为一种重要的环境因素,与结直肠癌的发病机制、临床特征和治疗效果密切相关。肠道菌群可以通过产生代谢物、基因毒素、致炎因子等方式,影响肠道上皮细胞、免疫细胞和肿瘤细胞的功能和相互作用,从而促进或抑制结直肠癌的发生和进展。本文综述了近年来关于肠道菌群与结直肠癌关系的研究进展,重点介绍了肠道菌群在结直肠癌发展及治疗中的作用,并对未来的研究方向和挑战进行了展望。Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and its occurrence and development are influenced by various genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that the gut microbiota, as an important environmental factor, is closely related to the pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment outcomes of colorectal cancer. The gut microbiota can affect the functions and interactions of intestinal epithelial cells, immune cells, and tumor cells through the production of metabolites, genotoxins, and pro-inflammatory factors, thereby promoting or inhibiting the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer. This article reviews the research progress on the relationship between the gut microbiota and colorectal cancer in recent years, focusing on the role of the gut microbiota in the development and treatment of colorectal cancer, and looks forward to future research directions and challenges.展开更多
随着全球肥胖流行率的上升,肥胖对健康的负面影响逐渐成为研究和公共卫生的重点。孕期肥胖作为一种特殊的肥胖状态,对母婴的健康产生深远影响。文章综述了肥胖的全球流行趋势、孕期肥胖的定义及诊断标准、孕期肥胖对妊娠及分娩结局的影...随着全球肥胖流行率的上升,肥胖对健康的负面影响逐渐成为研究和公共卫生的重点。孕期肥胖作为一种特殊的肥胖状态,对母婴的健康产生深远影响。文章综述了肥胖的全球流行趋势、孕期肥胖的定义及诊断标准、孕期肥胖对妊娠及分娩结局的影响机制,并探讨了肥胖管理和干预策略的最新进展,以期为肥胖育龄女性的健康管理提供科学依据。With the increasing global prevalence of obesity, its adverse health effects have become a major focus of research and public health. Gestational obesity, as a specific condition, has profound implications for maternal and fetal health. This review summarizes the global trends in obesity, the definition and diagnostic criteria of gestational obesity, and the mechanisms through which obesity affects pregnancy and delivery outcomes. Additionally, it explores the latest advancements in obesity management and intervention strategies, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the health management of obese women of reproductive age.展开更多
偏头痛是一种常见的神经系统疾病,其主要特征包括反复发作性、多为一侧、中度到重度的搏动性头痛。蒙医药治疗偏头痛历史悠久,具备独特优势。本综述旨在总结近年来蒙医药治疗偏头痛的研究进展,从偏头痛的蒙医病因病机,蒙医分型、辨证施...偏头痛是一种常见的神经系统疾病,其主要特征包括反复发作性、多为一侧、中度到重度的搏动性头痛。蒙医药治疗偏头痛历史悠久,具备独特优势。本综述旨在总结近年来蒙医药治疗偏头痛的研究进展,从偏头痛的蒙医病因病机,蒙医分型、辨证施治、蒙药治疗、蒙医外治疗法治疗等方面进行归纳总结,以期为蒙医药治疗偏头痛提供理论和实践依据。Migraine is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, mostly one-sided, moderate to severe throbbing headaches. Mongolian medicine has a long history of treating migraine and has unique advantages. The purpose of this review is to summarize the research progress of Mongolian medicine in the treatment of migraine in recent years, and to summarize the etiology and pathogenesis of migraine in Mongolian medicine, the classification of Mongolian medicine, syndrome differentiation treatment, Mongolian medicine treatment, and Mongolian medicine treatment outside the treatment method, in order to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the treatment of migraine in Mongolian medicine.展开更多
文摘目的:探讨糖尿病与腰椎椎管狭窄之间的关联性。方法:检索糖尿病和腰椎椎管狭窄相关研究的已发表论文,对二者的关系进行综述。结果:患有糖尿病是腰椎椎管狭窄的高危因素之一。越来越多的研究证明,患有糖尿病可能会导致椎间盘及黄韧带的退行性改变的进程加快,这可能增加腰椎椎管狭窄的发生风险。糖尿病性腰骶神经根丛病作为糖尿病的并发症,表现为神经源性跛行、腰背痛和腿痛,临床上该疾病与腰椎椎管狭窄的症状性主诉极其相似,因此易导致误诊。越来越多的临床研究证明糖尿病对腰椎椎管狭窄患者术后感染率、再手术率以及术后生活质量均有显著影响。结论:明确糖尿病与腰椎椎管狭窄之间的关系,有助于优化诊疗方案,降低医疗风险。Objective: To investigate the association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Methods: Published papers of studies related to dm and LSS were retrieved, and the relationship between the two was reviewed. Results: DM is one of the high-risk factors for LSS. A growing number of studies have demonstrated that DM may accelerate degenerative changes in intervertebral discs and ligamentum flavum, which may increase the risk of LSS. Diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy, as a complication of DM, manifests as neurogenic claudication, low back pain, and leg pain. These symptoms closely overlap with the clinical manifestations of LSS, leading to misdiagnosis. An increasing number of clinical studies have demonstrated that DM significantly affects postoperative infection rates, reoperation rates, and postoperative quality of life in patients with LSS. Conclusion: Clarifying the relationship between DM and LSS can help to optimize the diagnosis and treatment plan and reduce clinical risks.
文摘成人退行性脊柱侧凸(adult degenerative scoliosis, ADS)是伴随脊柱结构退变出现的进行性三维畸形,其发病率随着老龄化的加剧显著上升,已成为中老年人群慢性腰背痛、神经功能障碍及生活质量下降的重要病因。近年来,ADS的病因学研究逐步从单一退变机制转向多维度交互作用模型的探索,但退变与侧凸的因果关系、遗传–环境因素的权重及研究方法学的局限性等问题仍存争议。本文系统综述ADS的病因学研究进展,重点剖析:1) 脊柱退变的核心病理机制,包括椎间盘蛋白多糖流失、关节突关节退变及骨质疏松的协同作用;2) 多维度病因学证据,如遗传易感基因及代谢综合征的独立影响;3) 病因学假说的核心争议,包括“退变先行”与“侧凸导致退变”的循证分歧。现有研究表明,ADS的发生发展是遗传易感性、局部退变、生物力学失衡及全身代谢异常共同作用的动态过程,其中椎间盘非对称退变可能通过“应力集中–炎症激活–骨重塑异常”反馈环路驱动畸形进展。然而,现有研究多局限于横断面分析或低仿真模型,难以揭示病因的时序性与空间特异性。未来需依托纵向队列、多组学整合及人工智能辅助分析,构建“分子–影像–力学”跨尺度病因网络,以明确关键靶点并指导早期干预。本文强调多学科交叉研究的重要性,为ADS的精准分型与个体化防治提供理论依据。Adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS) is a progressive three-dimensional malformation accompanied by the degeneration of spinal structure. Its incidence rate has increased significantly with aging and has become an important cause of chronic low back pain, neurological dysfunction and declining quality of life in middle-aged and elderly people. In recent years, the etiology research of ADS has gradually shifted from a single degeneration mechanism to exploring multidimensional interaction models. However, there is still controversy over the causal relationship between degeneration and scoliosis, the weight of genetic-environmental factors, and the limitations of research methodology. This article provides a systematic review of the etiology research progress of ADS, with a focus on analyzing: 1) The core pathological mechanisms of spinal degeneration, including the synergistic effects of intervertebral disc proteoglycan loss, facet joint degeneration, and osteoporosis;2) Multidimensional etiological evidence, such as the independent effects of genetic susceptibility genes and metabolic syndrome;3) The core controversy of the etiological hypothesis includes the evidence-based divergence between “degeneration first” and “scoliosis leading to degeneration”. Existing research indicates that the occurrence and development of ADS is a dynamic process of genetic susceptibility, local degeneration, biomechanical imbalance, and systemic metabolic abnormalities. Among them, asymmetric degeneration of intervertebral discs may be driven by a feedback loop of “stress concentration-inflammation activation-bone remodeling abnormalities” to promote the progression of deformities. However, existing research is mostly limited to cross-sectional analysis or low simulation models, making it difficult to reveal the temporal and spatial specificity of the etiology. In the future, it is necessary to rely on longitudinal queues, multi-omics integration, and artificial intelligence-assisted analysis to construct a “molecular-imaging-mechanics” cross-scale etiological network, in order to identify key targets and guide early intervention. This article emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research, providing a theoretical basis for the precise classification and individualized prevention and treatment of ADS.
文摘小儿扁平足是常见的儿童足部畸形,但对于儿童扁平足的治疗尚无统一的定论。大多数学者认为有症状的小儿扁平足的干预有积极意义。矫形鞋垫是目前主流的保守治疗选择。本文以矫形鞋垫治疗小儿扁平足为切入点,结合数字化步态分析,综述了儿童扁平足畸形的治疗及疗效评估。Children’s flat foot is a common foot deformity in children, but there is no uniform conclusion on the treatment of children’s flat foot. Most scholars believe that the intervention of symptomatic flat feet in children has positive significance. Orthopedic insole is currently the mainstream conservative treatment option. Based on the treatment of children’s flat feet with orthopedic insole and digital gait analysis, this paper reviews the treatment and efficacy evaluation of children’s flat feet deformity.
文摘应用呼吸机进行机械通气是临床上治疗急性肺损伤、急性呼吸窘迫综合征及低氧血症的关键手段。然而,不当的参数设置常导致呼吸机相关性肺损伤,包括原发肺组织病变加重和健康肺泡受损,其高发生率和致死率已引起全球医学界的高度重视。本文就呼吸机相关性肺损伤的可能原因及当前临床认可的干预措施进行综述,特别强调了围术期精准肺保护策略的应用。The use of ventilators for mechanical ventilation is a key clinical treatment for acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome and hypoxemia. However, improper parameter settings often lead to ventilator-associated lung injury, including exacerbation of primary lung tissue lesions and damage to healthy alveoli, and its high incidence and mortality have attracted the attention of the global medical community. This article reviews the possible causes of ventilator-associated lung injury and currently clinically accepted interventions, with particular emphasis on the application of perioperative precision lung protection strategies.
文摘结直肠癌是全球范围内最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其发生发展受到多种遗传和环境因素的影响。近年来,越来越多的研究表明,肠道菌群作为一种重要的环境因素,与结直肠癌的发病机制、临床特征和治疗效果密切相关。肠道菌群可以通过产生代谢物、基因毒素、致炎因子等方式,影响肠道上皮细胞、免疫细胞和肿瘤细胞的功能和相互作用,从而促进或抑制结直肠癌的发生和进展。本文综述了近年来关于肠道菌群与结直肠癌关系的研究进展,重点介绍了肠道菌群在结直肠癌发展及治疗中的作用,并对未来的研究方向和挑战进行了展望。Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and its occurrence and development are influenced by various genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that the gut microbiota, as an important environmental factor, is closely related to the pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment outcomes of colorectal cancer. The gut microbiota can affect the functions and interactions of intestinal epithelial cells, immune cells, and tumor cells through the production of metabolites, genotoxins, and pro-inflammatory factors, thereby promoting or inhibiting the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer. This article reviews the research progress on the relationship between the gut microbiota and colorectal cancer in recent years, focusing on the role of the gut microbiota in the development and treatment of colorectal cancer, and looks forward to future research directions and challenges.
文摘随着全球肥胖流行率的上升,肥胖对健康的负面影响逐渐成为研究和公共卫生的重点。孕期肥胖作为一种特殊的肥胖状态,对母婴的健康产生深远影响。文章综述了肥胖的全球流行趋势、孕期肥胖的定义及诊断标准、孕期肥胖对妊娠及分娩结局的影响机制,并探讨了肥胖管理和干预策略的最新进展,以期为肥胖育龄女性的健康管理提供科学依据。With the increasing global prevalence of obesity, its adverse health effects have become a major focus of research and public health. Gestational obesity, as a specific condition, has profound implications for maternal and fetal health. This review summarizes the global trends in obesity, the definition and diagnostic criteria of gestational obesity, and the mechanisms through which obesity affects pregnancy and delivery outcomes. Additionally, it explores the latest advancements in obesity management and intervention strategies, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the health management of obese women of reproductive age.
文摘偏头痛是一种常见的神经系统疾病,其主要特征包括反复发作性、多为一侧、中度到重度的搏动性头痛。蒙医药治疗偏头痛历史悠久,具备独特优势。本综述旨在总结近年来蒙医药治疗偏头痛的研究进展,从偏头痛的蒙医病因病机,蒙医分型、辨证施治、蒙药治疗、蒙医外治疗法治疗等方面进行归纳总结,以期为蒙医药治疗偏头痛提供理论和实践依据。Migraine is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, mostly one-sided, moderate to severe throbbing headaches. Mongolian medicine has a long history of treating migraine and has unique advantages. The purpose of this review is to summarize the research progress of Mongolian medicine in the treatment of migraine in recent years, and to summarize the etiology and pathogenesis of migraine in Mongolian medicine, the classification of Mongolian medicine, syndrome differentiation treatment, Mongolian medicine treatment, and Mongolian medicine treatment outside the treatment method, in order to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the treatment of migraine in Mongolian medicine.
