背景:中枢神经系统髓鞘再生是由脱髓鞘事件触发的基本修复过程,主要通过少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖、迁移并向少突胶质细胞分化进而再生髓鞘。髓鞘再生过程受到多种因素如星形胶质细胞、髓鞘碎片、小胶质细胞、巨噬细胞、内皮细胞、周细...背景:中枢神经系统髓鞘再生是由脱髓鞘事件触发的基本修复过程,主要通过少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖、迁移并向少突胶质细胞分化进而再生髓鞘。髓鞘再生过程受到多种因素如星形胶质细胞、髓鞘碎片、小胶质细胞、巨噬细胞、内皮细胞、周细胞、T细胞以及年龄等的影响。目的:星形胶质细胞在中枢神经系统发挥着调节突触活动、营养支持及组织修复等重要作用。文章通过综述星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生过程中的作用,旨在为中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病提供潜在的治疗靶点。方法:检索2014-2024年在中国知网、PubMed和Web of Science数据库收录的文献,中文检索词:“星形胶质细胞,少突胶质细胞前体细胞,髓鞘再生”,英文检索词:“Astrocyte OR Astroglia*,Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell*,Remyelination”,经筛选后提取66篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)以多发性硬化为代表的脱髓鞘疾病的治疗主要是疾病修饰疗法,尚无可用的促进髓鞘再生的方法,因此,探索髓鞘再生相关靶点以促进髓鞘再生是十分必要的。(2)髓鞘再生是由少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖、迁移、分化、成熟为少突胶质细胞,后者产生髓磷脂包裹轴突以形成髓鞘的过程。(3)星形胶质细胞通过吞噬髓鞘碎片、参与炎性反应、向少突胶质细胞谱系细胞转分化、为少突胶质细胞谱系细胞供能、释放神经营养因子、分泌细胞外基质成分等调节髓鞘再生。(4)文章所归纳的药物是以星形胶质细胞及其衍生因子作为干预靶点调控髓鞘再生,部分药物效果尚可,但其有效性及安全性仍需更多的基础研究及临床试验来验证。(5)星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生过程中的作用机制尚未完全阐明,相关的分子靶点及信号通路有待进一步研究。展开更多
Carbon dots(CDs)are fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials with sizes smal-ler than 10 nm,that are renowned for their exceptional properties,including superior anti-photobleaching,excellent biocompatibility,and minima...Carbon dots(CDs)are fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials with sizes smal-ler than 10 nm,that are renowned for their exceptional properties,including superior anti-photobleaching,excellent biocompatibility,and minimal toxicity,which have received sig-nificant interest.Near-infrared(NIR)light has emerged as an ideal light source in the biolo-gical field due to its advantages of minimal scattering and absorption,long wavelength emission,increased tissue penetration,and reduced interference from biological back-grounds.CDs with efficient absorption and/or emission characteristics in the NIR spectrum have shown remarkable promise in the biomedical uses.This study provides a comprehens-ive overview of the preparation methods and wavelength modulation strategies for near-in-frared CDs and reviews research progress in their use in the areas of biosensing,bioimaging,and therapy.It also discusses current challenges and clinical prospects,aimed at deepening our understanding of the subject and promoting further advances in this field.展开更多
文摘背景:中枢神经系统髓鞘再生是由脱髓鞘事件触发的基本修复过程,主要通过少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖、迁移并向少突胶质细胞分化进而再生髓鞘。髓鞘再生过程受到多种因素如星形胶质细胞、髓鞘碎片、小胶质细胞、巨噬细胞、内皮细胞、周细胞、T细胞以及年龄等的影响。目的:星形胶质细胞在中枢神经系统发挥着调节突触活动、营养支持及组织修复等重要作用。文章通过综述星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生过程中的作用,旨在为中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病提供潜在的治疗靶点。方法:检索2014-2024年在中国知网、PubMed和Web of Science数据库收录的文献,中文检索词:“星形胶质细胞,少突胶质细胞前体细胞,髓鞘再生”,英文检索词:“Astrocyte OR Astroglia*,Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell*,Remyelination”,经筛选后提取66篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:(1)以多发性硬化为代表的脱髓鞘疾病的治疗主要是疾病修饰疗法,尚无可用的促进髓鞘再生的方法,因此,探索髓鞘再生相关靶点以促进髓鞘再生是十分必要的。(2)髓鞘再生是由少突胶质细胞前体细胞增殖、迁移、分化、成熟为少突胶质细胞,后者产生髓磷脂包裹轴突以形成髓鞘的过程。(3)星形胶质细胞通过吞噬髓鞘碎片、参与炎性反应、向少突胶质细胞谱系细胞转分化、为少突胶质细胞谱系细胞供能、释放神经营养因子、分泌细胞外基质成分等调节髓鞘再生。(4)文章所归纳的药物是以星形胶质细胞及其衍生因子作为干预靶点调控髓鞘再生,部分药物效果尚可,但其有效性及安全性仍需更多的基础研究及临床试验来验证。(5)星形胶质细胞在髓鞘再生过程中的作用机制尚未完全阐明,相关的分子靶点及信号通路有待进一步研究。
基金financial support by Talent Introduction Research Initiation Fund of Shanxi Bethune Hospital(2022RC04)Basic Research Program Youth Science Research Project of Shanxi province(202203021212096)+1 种基金Shanxi Province Clinical Theranostics Technology Innovation Center for Immunologic and Rheumatic Diseases(CXZX-202302)Research Project Plan of Shanxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2023ZYYB2021)。
文摘Carbon dots(CDs)are fluorescent carbon-based nanomaterials with sizes smal-ler than 10 nm,that are renowned for their exceptional properties,including superior anti-photobleaching,excellent biocompatibility,and minimal toxicity,which have received sig-nificant interest.Near-infrared(NIR)light has emerged as an ideal light source in the biolo-gical field due to its advantages of minimal scattering and absorption,long wavelength emission,increased tissue penetration,and reduced interference from biological back-grounds.CDs with efficient absorption and/or emission characteristics in the NIR spectrum have shown remarkable promise in the biomedical uses.This study provides a comprehens-ive overview of the preparation methods and wavelength modulation strategies for near-in-frared CDs and reviews research progress in their use in the areas of biosensing,bioimaging,and therapy.It also discusses current challenges and clinical prospects,aimed at deepening our understanding of the subject and promoting further advances in this field.
