针对地方高校工科研究生培养情况,本文系统地分析了工科研究生实验教学体系、实验平台建设、实验管理、理论–实验教学的研究现状和存在的不足;详细阐述了科教融合特性、理实融合特性、实验创新思维特征、工科研究生实验创新思维,剖析...针对地方高校工科研究生培养情况,本文系统地分析了工科研究生实验教学体系、实验平台建设、实验管理、理论–实验教学的研究现状和存在的不足;详细阐述了科教融合特性、理实融合特性、实验创新思维特征、工科研究生实验创新思维,剖析了实验教学在创新技能、思维和能力等方面的内涵与作用,并结合安全科学与工程专业的特点,指出了当前研究生实验教学中存在的问题,包括科教–理实融合不足、实验技能和创新思维薄弱、实验创新性和科学性挖掘不足、培养资源不足以及管理制度有待改善等方面。最后,展望了未来改进地方高校工科研究生实验创新思维培养的思路和方法。According to the training situation of engineering postgraduates in a certain local university, the research status and shortcomings of the experimental teaching system, experimental platform construction, experimental management, theory-experiment teaching for engineering postgraduates are systematically analyzed. The characteristics of the integration of scientific research and teaching, the integration of theory and practice, the characteristics of innovative experimental thinking, and the innovative experimental thinking of engineering postgraduates are elaborated in detail. The connotation and role of experimental teaching in innovative skills, thinking and abilities are analyzed. And combined with the speciality characteristics of safety science and engineering, the problems in current postgraduate experimental teaching are pointed out, which includes insufficient integration of scientific research-teaching and theory-practice, weak experimental skills and innovative thinking, insufficient exploration of experimental innovation and scientificity, insufficient cultivation resources, and management systems. Finally, the ideas and methods for improving the cultivation of experimental innovative thinking among engineering postgraduates in local universities in the future are discussed.展开更多
燃气管道泄漏风险因素的评价分析是预防城市燃气输送管道火灾爆炸事故的重要一环,为了客观评价城市燃气输送管道泄漏的风险,本文提出了一种基于组合赋权-TOPSIS的城市燃气输送管道泄漏风险评价模型。首先基于文献调研、案例分析和专家...燃气管道泄漏风险因素的评价分析是预防城市燃气输送管道火灾爆炸事故的重要一环,为了客观评价城市燃气输送管道泄漏的风险,本文提出了一种基于组合赋权-TOPSIS的城市燃气输送管道泄漏风险评价模型。首先基于文献调研、案例分析和专家咨询构建了城市燃气输送管道泄漏风险因素评价指标体系,再基于博弈论思想将改进层次分析法和熵权法得到的主客观权重组合赋权,并结合TOPSIS综合评价法构建城市燃气输送管道泄漏风险评价模型,最后利用该模型对湖南省某市某一涵洞的燃气输送管道进行风险评价。结果表明:1) 城市燃气输送管道泄漏的主要风险源为城市燃气管网的管道缺陷、管道本质安全、管道腐蚀和工作人员误操作,其中工作人员误操作最为关键;2) 基于本文所构建评价模型的评价结果可以使燃气集团清晰地掌握其安全生产管理中的薄弱环节,为其制度的完善提供参考;3) 本次综合评价模型为城市燃气输送管道的泄漏风险评价提供了新的方法。The evaluation and analysis of risk factors associated with gas pipeline leakage is a crucial step in preventing fire and explosion incidents in urban gas transmission pipelines. To objectively assess the leakage risk of urban gas transmission pipelines, this article proposed a risk evaluation model based on a combination weighting-TOPSIS approach. Firstly, an evaluation index system for risk factors related to urban gas pipeline leakage was constructed through literature review, case analysis, and expert consultation. Then, based on the game theory concept, a combination of subjective and objective weights was derived using the improved Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the entropy weight method, which was integrated with the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method to develop the risk evaluation model for gas pipeline leakage. Finally, this model was applied to assess the risk of gas transmission pipelines in a culvert in a city in Hunan Province. The results indicate that: 1) The primary risk sources for urban gas pipeline leakage include pipeline defects, intrinsic safety of the pipeline, pipeline corrosion, and human error, with human error being the most critical factor;2) The evaluation results based on the model developed in this study enable gas companies to clearly identify weaknesses in their safety management practices and provide references for improving their systems;3) This comprehensive evaluation model offers a novel approach for assessing leakage risks in urban gas transmission pipelines.展开更多
文摘针对地方高校工科研究生培养情况,本文系统地分析了工科研究生实验教学体系、实验平台建设、实验管理、理论–实验教学的研究现状和存在的不足;详细阐述了科教融合特性、理实融合特性、实验创新思维特征、工科研究生实验创新思维,剖析了实验教学在创新技能、思维和能力等方面的内涵与作用,并结合安全科学与工程专业的特点,指出了当前研究生实验教学中存在的问题,包括科教–理实融合不足、实验技能和创新思维薄弱、实验创新性和科学性挖掘不足、培养资源不足以及管理制度有待改善等方面。最后,展望了未来改进地方高校工科研究生实验创新思维培养的思路和方法。According to the training situation of engineering postgraduates in a certain local university, the research status and shortcomings of the experimental teaching system, experimental platform construction, experimental management, theory-experiment teaching for engineering postgraduates are systematically analyzed. The characteristics of the integration of scientific research and teaching, the integration of theory and practice, the characteristics of innovative experimental thinking, and the innovative experimental thinking of engineering postgraduates are elaborated in detail. The connotation and role of experimental teaching in innovative skills, thinking and abilities are analyzed. And combined with the speciality characteristics of safety science and engineering, the problems in current postgraduate experimental teaching are pointed out, which includes insufficient integration of scientific research-teaching and theory-practice, weak experimental skills and innovative thinking, insufficient exploration of experimental innovation and scientificity, insufficient cultivation resources, and management systems. Finally, the ideas and methods for improving the cultivation of experimental innovative thinking among engineering postgraduates in local universities in the future are discussed.
文摘燃气管道泄漏风险因素的评价分析是预防城市燃气输送管道火灾爆炸事故的重要一环,为了客观评价城市燃气输送管道泄漏的风险,本文提出了一种基于组合赋权-TOPSIS的城市燃气输送管道泄漏风险评价模型。首先基于文献调研、案例分析和专家咨询构建了城市燃气输送管道泄漏风险因素评价指标体系,再基于博弈论思想将改进层次分析法和熵权法得到的主客观权重组合赋权,并结合TOPSIS综合评价法构建城市燃气输送管道泄漏风险评价模型,最后利用该模型对湖南省某市某一涵洞的燃气输送管道进行风险评价。结果表明:1) 城市燃气输送管道泄漏的主要风险源为城市燃气管网的管道缺陷、管道本质安全、管道腐蚀和工作人员误操作,其中工作人员误操作最为关键;2) 基于本文所构建评价模型的评价结果可以使燃气集团清晰地掌握其安全生产管理中的薄弱环节,为其制度的完善提供参考;3) 本次综合评价模型为城市燃气输送管道的泄漏风险评价提供了新的方法。The evaluation and analysis of risk factors associated with gas pipeline leakage is a crucial step in preventing fire and explosion incidents in urban gas transmission pipelines. To objectively assess the leakage risk of urban gas transmission pipelines, this article proposed a risk evaluation model based on a combination weighting-TOPSIS approach. Firstly, an evaluation index system for risk factors related to urban gas pipeline leakage was constructed through literature review, case analysis, and expert consultation. Then, based on the game theory concept, a combination of subjective and objective weights was derived using the improved Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the entropy weight method, which was integrated with the TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method to develop the risk evaluation model for gas pipeline leakage. Finally, this model was applied to assess the risk of gas transmission pipelines in a culvert in a city in Hunan Province. The results indicate that: 1) The primary risk sources for urban gas pipeline leakage include pipeline defects, intrinsic safety of the pipeline, pipeline corrosion, and human error, with human error being the most critical factor;2) The evaluation results based on the model developed in this study enable gas companies to clearly identify weaknesses in their safety management practices and provide references for improving their systems;3) This comprehensive evaluation model offers a novel approach for assessing leakage risks in urban gas transmission pipelines.
