重症肺炎(Severe pneumonia, SP)是一种在重症监护病房(Intensive care unit, ICU)中常见的危急呼吸系统疾病。患者病情可以迅速恶化,发展为全身炎症反应综合征(systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SIRS),甚至发展为感染性休克,...重症肺炎(Severe pneumonia, SP)是一种在重症监护病房(Intensive care unit, ICU)中常见的危急呼吸系统疾病。患者病情可以迅速恶化,发展为全身炎症反应综合征(systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SIRS),甚至发展为感染性休克,导致血液循环严重衰竭和多脏器功能障碍综合征(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, MODS),根据相关研究,重症肺炎的患者通常需要入住ICU进行全面监护和治疗,因为其死亡率较高,尤其是在老年人和有基础疾病的患者中更为显著。医务人员需要采取积极的治疗措施,包括抗生素治疗、呼吸支持、液体复苏等,以控制感染、减轻炎症反应,并防止并发症的发生。其中,病原菌的检测及抗生素的应用对于提高患者的生存率和改善预后至关重要。目前,重症肺炎的病原体正在发生变化,传统检测方法主要依赖标本染色、培养及生化反应等。尽管微生物培养被视为感染病原体检测的金标准,但对一些非典型病原菌和病毒的检测仍然耗时且难度较大,给临床诊断和治疗带来了挑战。随着各类检测技术的不断发展,临床上重症肺炎病原体的检测阳性率显著上升。本文旨在对ICU重症肺炎患者的病原体及其检测方法的最新进展进行综述。Severe pneumonia (SP) is a common acute and critical respiratory disease in intensive care unit (ICU), which can rapidly develop from local infection to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), It can even cause severe complications such as septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). According to relevant research, patients with severe pneumonia usually need to be admitted to the ICU for general care and treatment because of its high mortality, especially in the elderly and patients with underlying diseases more significant. Medical personnel need to take the initiative treatment measures, including antibiotic treatment, respiratory support, fluid resuscitation, etc., to control infection, reduce inflammatory reaction, and prevent complications of the Environmental Protection Department. The detection of pathogenic bacteria and the application of antibiotics are very important to improve the survival rate and prognosis of patients. Currently, severe pneumonia traditional detection methods mainly depend on specimen staining, culture and biochemical reaction, etc. Although microbial culture is regarded as the gold standard for the detection of infectious pathogens, the detection of some atypical pathogens and viruses is still time-consuming and difficult, posing challenges to clinical diagnosis and treatment. With the development of various detection techniques, the positive rate of pathogens in severe pneumonia increased significantly. This article aims to provide a review of the recent progress of pathogens and their detection methods in ICU patients with severe pneumonia.展开更多
文摘重症肺炎(Severe pneumonia, SP)是一种在重症监护病房(Intensive care unit, ICU)中常见的危急呼吸系统疾病。患者病情可以迅速恶化,发展为全身炎症反应综合征(systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SIRS),甚至发展为感染性休克,导致血液循环严重衰竭和多脏器功能障碍综合征(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, MODS),根据相关研究,重症肺炎的患者通常需要入住ICU进行全面监护和治疗,因为其死亡率较高,尤其是在老年人和有基础疾病的患者中更为显著。医务人员需要采取积极的治疗措施,包括抗生素治疗、呼吸支持、液体复苏等,以控制感染、减轻炎症反应,并防止并发症的发生。其中,病原菌的检测及抗生素的应用对于提高患者的生存率和改善预后至关重要。目前,重症肺炎的病原体正在发生变化,传统检测方法主要依赖标本染色、培养及生化反应等。尽管微生物培养被视为感染病原体检测的金标准,但对一些非典型病原菌和病毒的检测仍然耗时且难度较大,给临床诊断和治疗带来了挑战。随着各类检测技术的不断发展,临床上重症肺炎病原体的检测阳性率显著上升。本文旨在对ICU重症肺炎患者的病原体及其检测方法的最新进展进行综述。Severe pneumonia (SP) is a common acute and critical respiratory disease in intensive care unit (ICU), which can rapidly develop from local infection to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), It can even cause severe complications such as septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). According to relevant research, patients with severe pneumonia usually need to be admitted to the ICU for general care and treatment because of its high mortality, especially in the elderly and patients with underlying diseases more significant. Medical personnel need to take the initiative treatment measures, including antibiotic treatment, respiratory support, fluid resuscitation, etc., to control infection, reduce inflammatory reaction, and prevent complications of the Environmental Protection Department. The detection of pathogenic bacteria and the application of antibiotics are very important to improve the survival rate and prognosis of patients. Currently, severe pneumonia traditional detection methods mainly depend on specimen staining, culture and biochemical reaction, etc. Although microbial culture is regarded as the gold standard for the detection of infectious pathogens, the detection of some atypical pathogens and viruses is still time-consuming and difficult, posing challenges to clinical diagnosis and treatment. With the development of various detection techniques, the positive rate of pathogens in severe pneumonia increased significantly. This article aims to provide a review of the recent progress of pathogens and their detection methods in ICU patients with severe pneumonia.
