糖尿病足是糖尿病患者中常见且严重的并发症,对患者的生存质量和医疗系统造成重大负担。全科医生在糖尿病足的早期识别、筛查及干预中扮演着至关重要的角色。本文全面分析了全科医生在糖尿病足预防、早期诊断及长期管理策略中的干预措施...糖尿病足是糖尿病患者中常见且严重的并发症,对患者的生存质量和医疗系统造成重大负担。全科医生在糖尿病足的早期识别、筛查及干预中扮演着至关重要的角色。本文全面分析了全科医生在糖尿病足预防、早期诊断及长期管理策略中的干预措施,旨在揭示其在提升患者健康结果中的核心作用。详细分析了个性化治疗方案和多学科协作模式的有效性,指出定期随访和风险分层评估可以显著减少溃疡、感染及截肢等并发症的发生。同时,探讨了新兴筛查工具,特别是人工智能辅助诊断技术,在糖尿病足管理中的应用前景。全科医生是基层医疗中糖尿病足管理的核心力量,通过个性化的干预措施和多学科协作可以提升糖尿病足的管理效果。Diabetes foot is a common and serious complication in diabetes patients, which causes a heavy burden on the quality of life and medical system of patients. General practitioners play a pivotal role in the early recognition, screening, and intervention of diabetic foot. This paper comprehensively analyzes the intervention measures taken by general practitioners in the prevention, early diagnosis, and long-term management strategies of diabetic foot, aiming to reveal its core role in improving patient health outcomes. A detailed analysis was conducted on the effectiveness of personalized treatment plans and multidisciplinary collaboration models, and it was pointed out that regular follow-up and risk stratification assessments can significantly reduce the occurrence of complications such as ulcers, infections, and amputations. At the same time, the application prospect of emerging screening tools, especially artificial intelligence assisted diagnosis technology, in the management of diabetes foot was discussed. General practitioners are the core force of diabetes foot management in primary care. Through personalized intervention measures and multidisciplinary cooperation, the management effect of diabetes foot can be improved.展开更多
下肢静脉曲张(lower extremity varicose veins)指涉及下肢浅静脉伸长、迂曲而成曲张状态。不仅仅是一种美学问题,表现更严重的静脉功能障碍时会升级为症状性疾病,在持久站立工作、体力活动强度高、久坐、老年和肥胖人群多见。这对患者...下肢静脉曲张(lower extremity varicose veins)指涉及下肢浅静脉伸长、迂曲而成曲张状态。不仅仅是一种美学问题,表现更严重的静脉功能障碍时会升级为症状性疾病,在持久站立工作、体力活动强度高、久坐、老年和肥胖人群多见。这对患者的生活质量造成了很大的影响。同时,给人们和整个医疗保健系统带来了巨大的经济负担。而微波消融术是相对比较新的一种热消融技术,具有疗效好、安全性高、恢复快等诸多优点。此篇综述主要总结目前微波消融术治疗下肢静脉曲张临床应用的进展。Lower extremity varicose veins refer to the condition where the superficial veins of the lower limbs become elongated and tortuous, leading to a varicose state. It is not merely an aesthetic issue;when it manifests as more severe venous dysfunction, it can escalate into a symptomatic disease. It is more commonly seen in individuals who stand for long periods, engage in high-intensity physical activities, sit for extended durations, the elderly, and those who are obese. This condition significantly impacts the quality of life of patients and poses a substantial economic burden on individuals and the entire healthcare system. Microwave ablation is a relatively new thermal ablation technique that offers numerous advantages such as good efficacy, high safety, and rapid recovery. This review primarily summarizes the current progress in the clinical application of microwave ablation for the treatment of lower extremity varicose veins.展开更多
孤独感与心血管健康、炎症反应、代谢功能以及认知能力的下降密切相关,已成为一个日益突出的公共卫生问题。近年来,越来越多的研究开始关注孤独感与睡眠质量之间的关联。本综述系统地阐述了孤独感与睡眠质量的概念界定、研究现状、影响...孤独感与心血管健康、炎症反应、代谢功能以及认知能力的下降密切相关,已成为一个日益突出的公共卫生问题。近年来,越来越多的研究开始关注孤独感与睡眠质量之间的关联。本综述系统地阐述了孤独感与睡眠质量的概念界定、研究现状、影响机制、调节因素以及干预措施,旨在为进一步理解和改善这一重要的社会心理与健康问题提供参考依据。Loneliness is closely associated with the decline in cardiovascular health, inflammatory response, metabolic function, and cognitive ability, and has already become an increasingly prominent issue in the field of public health. In recent years, more and more studies have begun to focus on the association between loneliness and sleep quality. This review systematically describes the conceptual definition, current research status, influencing mechanisms, moderating factors, and interventions for loneliness and sleep quality, aiming to provide a reference basis for further understanding and improving this important psychosocial and health issue.展开更多
Castleman病是一种临床和病理与淋巴瘤相似的少见的淋巴增殖性疾病,其特征包括弥漫性淋巴结肿大、脾肿大、贫血、血小板增多、高球蛋白血症、血清炎性因子升高和全身炎症反应。由于该病的临床表现缺乏特异性,因此必须依靠病理学改变进...Castleman病是一种临床和病理与淋巴瘤相似的少见的淋巴增殖性疾病,其特征包括弥漫性淋巴结肿大、脾肿大、贫血、血小板增多、高球蛋白血症、血清炎性因子升高和全身炎症反应。由于该病的临床表现缺乏特异性,因此必须依靠病理学改变进行确诊,免疫组织化学染色标记可进一步明确诊断及分型。本研究报告了多中心型Castleman病患者伴有大量腹水的临床特点及诊疗策略,并进行了相关鉴别诊断的分析,为Castleman病的诊断提供了线索。在临床实践中,当患者出现全身性淋巴结肿大、伴有大量浆膜腔积液、少尿、低蛋白血症等广泛全身表现时,应根据临床表现进一步进行淋巴组织病理活检,以避免误诊或漏诊。Castleman’s disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that mimics lymphoma clinically and pathologically, characterized by diffuse lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytosis, hyperglobulinemia, elevated serum inflammatory factors, and systemic inflammatory responses. Due to the lack of specificity of the clinical manifestations of the disease, the diagnosis must be confirmed by pathologic changes, and immunohistochemical staining markers can further confirm the diagnosis and classification. This study reported the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment strategies of patients with multicenter Castleman disease with massive ascites, and analyzed the relevant differential diagnoses, which provided clues for the diagnosis of Castleman disease. In clinical practice, when patients have extensive systemic manifestations such as generalized lymphadenopathy, large serous effusion, oliguria, and hypoproteinemia, further lymphoid histopathological biopsy should be performed according to the clinical manifestations to avoid misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis.展开更多
宫内感染是导致早产儿脑损伤的重要因素之一,近年来的研究揭示了其在导致早产儿脑损伤中的关键作用。宫内感染通过多种机制对早产儿的大脑发育造成影响,包括炎症反应、氧化应激和血脑屏障的破坏。现研究对宫内感染机制的深入理解,以及...宫内感染是导致早产儿脑损伤的重要因素之一,近年来的研究揭示了其在导致早产儿脑损伤中的关键作用。宫内感染通过多种机制对早产儿的大脑发育造成影响,包括炎症反应、氧化应激和血脑屏障的破坏。现研究对宫内感染机制的深入理解,以及早期诊断和干预策略的探索显示通过抗感染、亚低温、促红细胞生成素、高压氧以及干细胞靶向治疗等可能有助于减少宫内感染对早产儿的负面影响。未来的研究需要进一步探索宫内感染与早产儿脑损伤之间的复杂关系,并研制更有效的干预措施,以改善早产儿的长期神经发育预后。Intrauterine infection is one of the important factors leading to brain damage in premature infants, and recent studies have revealed its key role in causing brain damage in premature infants. Intrauterine infection affects the brain development of premature infants through various mechanisms, including inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. The in-depth understanding of the mechanism of intrauterine infection and the exploration of early diagnosis and intervention strategies have shown that anti-infection, hypothermia, erythropoietin, hyperbaric oxygen, and targeted stem cell therapy may help reduce the negative impact of intrauterine infection on premature infants. Future research needs to further explore the complex relationship between intrauterine infection and brain injury in premature infants, and develop more effective intervention measures to improve the long-term neurodevelopmental prognosis of premature infants.展开更多
近年来,甲状腺癌的发病率逐年增加,尤其在青年中较为明显,早期甲状腺癌可通过手术等完全治愈,局部晚期甲状腺癌因侵犯周围组织,常常需要更加完整的治疗方案,以提高治愈率,降低复发的风险,常见的治疗手段有手术治疗、放射性碘治疗与TSH ...近年来,甲状腺癌的发病率逐年增加,尤其在青年中较为明显,早期甲状腺癌可通过手术等完全治愈,局部晚期甲状腺癌因侵犯周围组织,常常需要更加完整的治疗方案,以提高治愈率,降低复发的风险,常见的治疗手段有手术治疗、放射性碘治疗与TSH (促甲状腺激素)抑制治疗、辅助外照射治疗(EBRT)及新出现的计算机辅助三维可视化治疗等。In recent years, the incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing year by year, especially among young people. Early-stage thyroid cancer can be completely cured by surgery, etc., locally advanced thyroid cancer often needs a more complete treatment plan to improve the cure rate and reduce the risk of recurrence due to the invasion of the surrounding tissues, and the common treatments include surgical treatment, radioactive iodine therapy and TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) suppression treatment, adjuvant External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT), and newer computer-assisted three-dimensional visualization.展开更多
文摘糖尿病足是糖尿病患者中常见且严重的并发症,对患者的生存质量和医疗系统造成重大负担。全科医生在糖尿病足的早期识别、筛查及干预中扮演着至关重要的角色。本文全面分析了全科医生在糖尿病足预防、早期诊断及长期管理策略中的干预措施,旨在揭示其在提升患者健康结果中的核心作用。详细分析了个性化治疗方案和多学科协作模式的有效性,指出定期随访和风险分层评估可以显著减少溃疡、感染及截肢等并发症的发生。同时,探讨了新兴筛查工具,特别是人工智能辅助诊断技术,在糖尿病足管理中的应用前景。全科医生是基层医疗中糖尿病足管理的核心力量,通过个性化的干预措施和多学科协作可以提升糖尿病足的管理效果。Diabetes foot is a common and serious complication in diabetes patients, which causes a heavy burden on the quality of life and medical system of patients. General practitioners play a pivotal role in the early recognition, screening, and intervention of diabetic foot. This paper comprehensively analyzes the intervention measures taken by general practitioners in the prevention, early diagnosis, and long-term management strategies of diabetic foot, aiming to reveal its core role in improving patient health outcomes. A detailed analysis was conducted on the effectiveness of personalized treatment plans and multidisciplinary collaboration models, and it was pointed out that regular follow-up and risk stratification assessments can significantly reduce the occurrence of complications such as ulcers, infections, and amputations. At the same time, the application prospect of emerging screening tools, especially artificial intelligence assisted diagnosis technology, in the management of diabetes foot was discussed. General practitioners are the core force of diabetes foot management in primary care. Through personalized intervention measures and multidisciplinary cooperation, the management effect of diabetes foot can be improved.
文摘下肢静脉曲张(lower extremity varicose veins)指涉及下肢浅静脉伸长、迂曲而成曲张状态。不仅仅是一种美学问题,表现更严重的静脉功能障碍时会升级为症状性疾病,在持久站立工作、体力活动强度高、久坐、老年和肥胖人群多见。这对患者的生活质量造成了很大的影响。同时,给人们和整个医疗保健系统带来了巨大的经济负担。而微波消融术是相对比较新的一种热消融技术,具有疗效好、安全性高、恢复快等诸多优点。此篇综述主要总结目前微波消融术治疗下肢静脉曲张临床应用的进展。Lower extremity varicose veins refer to the condition where the superficial veins of the lower limbs become elongated and tortuous, leading to a varicose state. It is not merely an aesthetic issue;when it manifests as more severe venous dysfunction, it can escalate into a symptomatic disease. It is more commonly seen in individuals who stand for long periods, engage in high-intensity physical activities, sit for extended durations, the elderly, and those who are obese. This condition significantly impacts the quality of life of patients and poses a substantial economic burden on individuals and the entire healthcare system. Microwave ablation is a relatively new thermal ablation technique that offers numerous advantages such as good efficacy, high safety, and rapid recovery. This review primarily summarizes the current progress in the clinical application of microwave ablation for the treatment of lower extremity varicose veins.
文摘孤独感与心血管健康、炎症反应、代谢功能以及认知能力的下降密切相关,已成为一个日益突出的公共卫生问题。近年来,越来越多的研究开始关注孤独感与睡眠质量之间的关联。本综述系统地阐述了孤独感与睡眠质量的概念界定、研究现状、影响机制、调节因素以及干预措施,旨在为进一步理解和改善这一重要的社会心理与健康问题提供参考依据。Loneliness is closely associated with the decline in cardiovascular health, inflammatory response, metabolic function, and cognitive ability, and has already become an increasingly prominent issue in the field of public health. In recent years, more and more studies have begun to focus on the association between loneliness and sleep quality. This review systematically describes the conceptual definition, current research status, influencing mechanisms, moderating factors, and interventions for loneliness and sleep quality, aiming to provide a reference basis for further understanding and improving this important psychosocial and health issue.
文摘Castleman病是一种临床和病理与淋巴瘤相似的少见的淋巴增殖性疾病,其特征包括弥漫性淋巴结肿大、脾肿大、贫血、血小板增多、高球蛋白血症、血清炎性因子升高和全身炎症反应。由于该病的临床表现缺乏特异性,因此必须依靠病理学改变进行确诊,免疫组织化学染色标记可进一步明确诊断及分型。本研究报告了多中心型Castleman病患者伴有大量腹水的临床特点及诊疗策略,并进行了相关鉴别诊断的分析,为Castleman病的诊断提供了线索。在临床实践中,当患者出现全身性淋巴结肿大、伴有大量浆膜腔积液、少尿、低蛋白血症等广泛全身表现时,应根据临床表现进一步进行淋巴组织病理活检,以避免误诊或漏诊。Castleman’s disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that mimics lymphoma clinically and pathologically, characterized by diffuse lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytosis, hyperglobulinemia, elevated serum inflammatory factors, and systemic inflammatory responses. Due to the lack of specificity of the clinical manifestations of the disease, the diagnosis must be confirmed by pathologic changes, and immunohistochemical staining markers can further confirm the diagnosis and classification. This study reported the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment strategies of patients with multicenter Castleman disease with massive ascites, and analyzed the relevant differential diagnoses, which provided clues for the diagnosis of Castleman disease. In clinical practice, when patients have extensive systemic manifestations such as generalized lymphadenopathy, large serous effusion, oliguria, and hypoproteinemia, further lymphoid histopathological biopsy should be performed according to the clinical manifestations to avoid misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis.
文摘宫内感染是导致早产儿脑损伤的重要因素之一,近年来的研究揭示了其在导致早产儿脑损伤中的关键作用。宫内感染通过多种机制对早产儿的大脑发育造成影响,包括炎症反应、氧化应激和血脑屏障的破坏。现研究对宫内感染机制的深入理解,以及早期诊断和干预策略的探索显示通过抗感染、亚低温、促红细胞生成素、高压氧以及干细胞靶向治疗等可能有助于减少宫内感染对早产儿的负面影响。未来的研究需要进一步探索宫内感染与早产儿脑损伤之间的复杂关系,并研制更有效的干预措施,以改善早产儿的长期神经发育预后。Intrauterine infection is one of the important factors leading to brain damage in premature infants, and recent studies have revealed its key role in causing brain damage in premature infants. Intrauterine infection affects the brain development of premature infants through various mechanisms, including inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. The in-depth understanding of the mechanism of intrauterine infection and the exploration of early diagnosis and intervention strategies have shown that anti-infection, hypothermia, erythropoietin, hyperbaric oxygen, and targeted stem cell therapy may help reduce the negative impact of intrauterine infection on premature infants. Future research needs to further explore the complex relationship between intrauterine infection and brain injury in premature infants, and develop more effective intervention measures to improve the long-term neurodevelopmental prognosis of premature infants.
文摘近年来,甲状腺癌的发病率逐年增加,尤其在青年中较为明显,早期甲状腺癌可通过手术等完全治愈,局部晚期甲状腺癌因侵犯周围组织,常常需要更加完整的治疗方案,以提高治愈率,降低复发的风险,常见的治疗手段有手术治疗、放射性碘治疗与TSH (促甲状腺激素)抑制治疗、辅助外照射治疗(EBRT)及新出现的计算机辅助三维可视化治疗等。In recent years, the incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing year by year, especially among young people. Early-stage thyroid cancer can be completely cured by surgery, etc., locally advanced thyroid cancer often needs a more complete treatment plan to improve the cure rate and reduce the risk of recurrence due to the invasion of the surrounding tissues, and the common treatments include surgical treatment, radioactive iodine therapy and TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) suppression treatment, adjuvant External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT), and newer computer-assisted three-dimensional visualization.
