Objective: To investigate the neuroprotective effects of Syzygium aromaticum(S.aromaticum)extract(500 mg/kg) on AlCl_3(300 mg/kg)-induced mouse model of oxidative stress and neurotoxicity.Methods: An ethanolic extract...Objective: To investigate the neuroprotective effects of Syzygium aromaticum(S.aromaticum)extract(500 mg/kg) on AlCl_3(300 mg/kg)-induced mouse model of oxidative stress and neurotoxicity.Methods: An ethanolic extract of S.aromaticum seeds was prepared and the active compounds were identified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.BALB/c mice were divided into five groups(negative control, AlCl_3-treated, self-recovery, AlCl_3 + S.aromaticum, S.aromaticum only; n=10) and treated with AlCl_3 and S.aromaticum extract.Expression of oxidative markers [Superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1) and peroxiredoxin 6(Prdx6)] and amyloid precursor protein(APP) in the hippocampus and cortex was evaluated via PCR.Histopathological assessment was performed to investigate the extent of neurodegeneration.Results: It was observed that AlCl_3 exposure increased the expression of APP770 while simultaneously down regulated the expression of APP695.AlCl_3 also induced a significant decrease(P<0.05) and an increase(P<0.05) in the expression level of SOD1 and Prdx6, respectively.A substantial decrease substantial(P<0.05) in the density of Nissl substance was also observed in cortex of the mice treated with AlCl_3.Interestingly, treatment with S.aromaticum extract normalized the alterations in the expression level of SOD1, Prdx6 and APPisoforms and improved the neuronal structural damage.Conclusions: The results showed that S.aromaticum is a promising antioxidant and a neuroprotective agent.展开更多
Geovisual analytics provides a framework for the development of decision support tools for landscape design,analysis and optimisation.An important application is modelling the spatial-temporal movements of ruminants a...Geovisual analytics provides a framework for the development of decision support tools for landscape design,analysis and optimisation.An important application is modelling the spatial-temporal movements of ruminants and their grazing behaviour using global positioning system(GPS)collar units.This study describes the mapping and analysis of spatial distributions of animal waste products(which correlate with farm nitrogen[N]emissions)and also determination of animal feeding preferences(which correlate with animal welfare and production).Segmentation of local regions of animal N emissions provides support in meeting targets for local and international N leaching and greenhouse gas emissions.An agent-based model was used for prescreening in order to gain insights into the clustering behaviour of sheep during feeding activities.Subsequent spatial analysis demonstrated that livestock excreta are not always randomly located,but concentrated around highly localised animal gathering points,separated by the nature of the excretion.In a separate study,the statistical significance of feeding choices was determined by testing a null hypothesis on animal boundary transitions between adjacent pastures using the binomial approximation.The analysis also included compensation for the precision of the GPS sensor,which produced a fuzzy decision boundary.展开更多
基金supported by research grant by National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
文摘Objective: To investigate the neuroprotective effects of Syzygium aromaticum(S.aromaticum)extract(500 mg/kg) on AlCl_3(300 mg/kg)-induced mouse model of oxidative stress and neurotoxicity.Methods: An ethanolic extract of S.aromaticum seeds was prepared and the active compounds were identified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.BALB/c mice were divided into five groups(negative control, AlCl_3-treated, self-recovery, AlCl_3 + S.aromaticum, S.aromaticum only; n=10) and treated with AlCl_3 and S.aromaticum extract.Expression of oxidative markers [Superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1) and peroxiredoxin 6(Prdx6)] and amyloid precursor protein(APP) in the hippocampus and cortex was evaluated via PCR.Histopathological assessment was performed to investigate the extent of neurodegeneration.Results: It was observed that AlCl_3 exposure increased the expression of APP770 while simultaneously down regulated the expression of APP695.AlCl_3 also induced a significant decrease(P<0.05) and an increase(P<0.05) in the expression level of SOD1 and Prdx6, respectively.A substantial decrease substantial(P<0.05) in the density of Nissl substance was also observed in cortex of the mice treated with AlCl_3.Interestingly, treatment with S.aromaticum extract normalized the alterations in the expression level of SOD1, Prdx6 and APPisoforms and improved the neuronal structural damage.Conclusions: The results showed that S.aromaticum is a promising antioxidant and a neuroprotective agent.
文摘Geovisual analytics provides a framework for the development of decision support tools for landscape design,analysis and optimisation.An important application is modelling the spatial-temporal movements of ruminants and their grazing behaviour using global positioning system(GPS)collar units.This study describes the mapping and analysis of spatial distributions of animal waste products(which correlate with farm nitrogen[N]emissions)and also determination of animal feeding preferences(which correlate with animal welfare and production).Segmentation of local regions of animal N emissions provides support in meeting targets for local and international N leaching and greenhouse gas emissions.An agent-based model was used for prescreening in order to gain insights into the clustering behaviour of sheep during feeding activities.Subsequent spatial analysis demonstrated that livestock excreta are not always randomly located,but concentrated around highly localised animal gathering points,separated by the nature of the excretion.In a separate study,the statistical significance of feeding choices was determined by testing a null hypothesis on animal boundary transitions between adjacent pastures using the binomial approximation.The analysis also included compensation for the precision of the GPS sensor,which produced a fuzzy decision boundary.
