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Phenology of high-arctic butterflies and their floral resources: Species-specific responses to climate change 被引量:2
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作者 Toke T.HФYE Anne ESKILDSEN +3 位作者 Rikke R. HANSEN Joseph J.BOWDEN Niels M.SCHMIDT W.Daniel KISSLING 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第2期243-251,共9页
Current global warming is particularly pronounced in the Arctic and arthropods are expected to respond rapidly to these changes. Long-term studies of individual arthropod species from the Arctic are, however, virtuall... Current global warming is particularly pronounced in the Arctic and arthropods are expected to respond rapidly to these changes. Long-term studies of individual arthropod species from the Arctic are, however, virtually absent. We examined butterfly specimens collected from yellow pitfall traps over 14 years (1996-2009) at Zackenberg in high-arctic, north-east Greenland. Specimens were previously sorted to the family level. We identified them to the species level and examined long-term species-specific phenological responses to recent summer wanning. Two species were rare in the samples (Polaris fritillary Boloria polaris and Arctic blue Plebejus glandon) and statistical analyses of phenological responses were therefore restricted to the two most abundant species (Arctic fritillary, B. chariclea and Northern clouded yellow Colias hecla). Our analyses demonstrated a trend towards earlier flight seasons in B. chariclea, but not in C. hecla. The timing of onset, peak and end of the flight season in B. chariclea were closely related to snowmelt, July temperature and their interaction, whereas onset, peak and end of the flight season in C. hecla were only related to timing of snowmelt. The duration of the butterfly flight season was significantly positively related to the temporal overlap with floral resources in both butterfly species. We further demonstrate that yellow pitfall traps are a useful alternative to transect walks for butterfly recording in tundra habitats. More phenological studies of Arctic arthropods should be carded out at the species level and ideally be analysed in context with interacting species to assess how ongoing climate change will affect Arctic biodiversity in the near future [Current Zoology 60 (2): 243-251, 2014]. 展开更多
关键词 ARCTIC ARTHROPOD Flight period GREENLAND Pitfall trap Zackenberg
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Reducing uncertainty in species' responses to climate change
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作者 Toke T.HФYE Guest Editor 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第2期186-188,共3页
According to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, wanning of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades... According to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, wanning of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia. In the Northern Hemisphere, 1983- 2012 was likely the wannest 30-year period of the last 1,400 years (IPCC 2013). Although some evidence for ecological change associated with recent warming is available from all biomes, general assessments of species' responses to climate change remain associated with great uncertainty (Parmesan, 2006; Post et al., 2009b). 展开更多
关键词 气候变化 不确定性 物种 反应 评估报告 气候系统 IPCC 生物群落
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Identifying sediment discontinuities and solving dating puzzles using monitoring and palaeolimnological records
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作者 Xuhui DONG Carl D. SAYER +3 位作者 Helen BENNION Stephen C. MABERLY Handong YANG Richard W. BATTARBEE 《Frontiers of Earth Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第4期621-633,共13页
Palaeolimnological studies should ideally be based upon continuous, undisturbed sediment sequences with reliable chronologies. However for some lake cores, these conditions are not met and palaeolimnologists are often... Palaeolimnological studies should ideally be based upon continuous, undisturbed sediment sequences with reliable chronologies. However for some lake cores, these conditions are not met and palaeolimnologists are often faced with dating puzzles caused by sediment disturbances in the past. This study chooses Esthwaite Water from England to illustrate how to identify sedimentation discontinuities in lake cores and how chronologies can be established for imperfect cores by correlation of key sediment signatures in parallel core records and with long-term monitoring data (1945-2003). Replicated short cores (ESTH1, ESTH7, and ESTH8) were collected and subjected to loss-on-ignition, radiometric dating (210Pb, 137Cs, and 14C), particle size, trace metal, and fossil diatom analysis. Both a slumping and a hiatus event were detected in ESTH7 based on comparisons made between the cores and the long-term diatom data. Ordination analysis suggested that the slumped material in ESTH7 originated from sediment deposited around 1805-1880 AD. Further, it was inferred that the hiatus resulted in a loss of sediment deposited from 1870 to 1970 AD. Given the existence of three superior 14C dates in ESTH7, ESTH 1 and ESTH7 were temporally correlated by multiple palaeolimnological proxies for age-depth model development. High variability in sedimentation rates was evident, but good agreement across the various palaeo- limnological proxies indicated coherence in sediment processes within the coring area. Differences in sedimenta- tion rates most likely resulted from the natural morphology of the lake basin. Our study suggests that caution is required in selecting suitable coring sites for palaeolimno-logical studies of small, relatively deep lakes and that proximity to steep slopes should be avoided wherever possible. Nevertheless, in some cases, comparisons between a range of contemporary and palaeolimnological records can be employed to diagnose sediment distur- bances and establish a chronology. 展开更多
关键词 sediment disturbance lake sediment chron-ology SLUMPING HIATUS Esthwaite Water
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A superradiant maser with nitrogen-vacancy center spins
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作者 Qilong Wu Yuan Zhang +3 位作者 Xigui Yang Shi-Lei Su Chongxin Shan Klaus Mølmer 《Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2022年第1期61-70,共10页
Recent experiments have demonstrated Rabi-oscillations, superradiant pulses and stimulated emission from negatively-charged nitrogen-vacancy(NV;) center spins in microwave resonators. These phenomena witness the kind ... Recent experiments have demonstrated Rabi-oscillations, superradiant pulses and stimulated emission from negatively-charged nitrogen-vacancy(NV;) center spins in microwave resonators. These phenomena witness the kind of collective and strong coupling which has been the prerequisite for observation of superradiant lasing in the optical frequency regime. In this article, we investigate the possibility to employ coherence, present in both the collective NV-spin ensemble and the microwave field, to achieve a superradiant maser. Our calculations show that a superradiant maser with a linewidth below millihertz can be achieved with moderate kilohertz incoherent pumping of over 10;spins at room temperature. We show that the superradiant masing prevails in the presence of inhomogeneous broadening, and we present numerical and analytical studies of the dependence of the phenomenon on the various physical parameters. 展开更多
关键词 SUPERRADIANCE MASER NV center spins
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