Radiation therapy is a long-established and essential modality in the treatment of many cancers.It is well known that tissue within a field of radiation can suffer indiscriminate effects,leading to acute and chronic p...Radiation therapy is a long-established and essential modality in the treatment of many cancers.It is well known that tissue within a field of radiation can suffer indiscriminate effects,leading to acute and chronic problems.The gastrointestinal tract may be adversely affected by radiation.From the mouth to the rectum,patients can experience troublesome symptoms that require the concerted input of specialist teams.Interventions range from nursing care,dietetic optimization,pharmacological management,and mechanical procedures through endoscopy and surgery.Quality evidence exists mainly for radiation induced effects in four distinct areas of the gastrointestinal tract:oral mucosa,esophagus,small bowel,and rectum.This review explores the experiences of oncology and gastrointestinal teams in managing the most common conditions and some of the different practices for radiation associated morbidity.展开更多
AIM: To develop a short,enhanced functional ability Quality of Vision(faVIQ) instrument based on previous questionnaires employing comprehensive modern statistical techniques to ensure the use of an appropriate respon...AIM: To develop a short,enhanced functional ability Quality of Vision(faVIQ) instrument based on previous questionnaires employing comprehensive modern statistical techniques to ensure the use of an appropriate response scale,items and scoring of the visual related difficulties experienced by patients with visual impairment. · METHODS: Items in current quality-of-life questionnaires for the visually impaired were refined by a multi-professional group and visually impaired focus groups. The resulting 76 items were completed by 293 visually impaired patients with stable vision on two occasions separated by a month. The faVIQ scores of 75 patients with no ocular pathology were compared to 75 age and gender matched patients with visual impairment. ·RESULTS: Rasch analysis reduced the faVIQ items to 27. Correlation to standard visual metrics was moderate(r =0.32-0.46) and to the NEI-VFQ was 0.48. The faVIQ was able to clearly discriminate between age and gender matched populations with no ocular pathology and visual impairment with an index of 0.983 and 95% sensitivity and 95% specificity using a cut off of 29.·CONCLUSION: The faVIQ allows sensitive assessment of quality-of-life in the visually impaired and should support studies which evaluate the effectiveness of low vision rehabilitation services.展开更多
Dear Sir,Eye drops(single use)commonly used in clinics do have varying pH values.The use of such drops in the initial management of chemical eye injury may influence the accuracy of pH measurement of the eye,and subse...Dear Sir,Eye drops(single use)commonly used in clinics do have varying pH values.The use of such drops in the initial management of chemical eye injury may influence the accuracy of pH measurement of the eye,and subsequently influence its management.Chemical eye injury is an ophthalmic emergency,which may be caused by exposure to an acidic(pH<4)or an alkali(pH>10)solution to the eye.Rinsing the eye decreases the concentration of these solutions on ocular surface.The initial management would be copious irrigation with clean or sterile water or Ringer's solution(pH 7.3-7.4)or its equivalent,of展开更多
文摘Radiation therapy is a long-established and essential modality in the treatment of many cancers.It is well known that tissue within a field of radiation can suffer indiscriminate effects,leading to acute and chronic problems.The gastrointestinal tract may be adversely affected by radiation.From the mouth to the rectum,patients can experience troublesome symptoms that require the concerted input of specialist teams.Interventions range from nursing care,dietetic optimization,pharmacological management,and mechanical procedures through endoscopy and surgery.Quality evidence exists mainly for radiation induced effects in four distinct areas of the gastrointestinal tract:oral mucosa,esophagus,small bowel,and rectum.This review explores the experiences of oncology and gastrointestinal teams in managing the most common conditions and some of the different practices for radiation associated morbidity.
基金Supported by the Royal National Institute of the Blind,UK(No.226227)
文摘AIM: To develop a short,enhanced functional ability Quality of Vision(faVIQ) instrument based on previous questionnaires employing comprehensive modern statistical techniques to ensure the use of an appropriate response scale,items and scoring of the visual related difficulties experienced by patients with visual impairment. · METHODS: Items in current quality-of-life questionnaires for the visually impaired were refined by a multi-professional group and visually impaired focus groups. The resulting 76 items were completed by 293 visually impaired patients with stable vision on two occasions separated by a month. The faVIQ scores of 75 patients with no ocular pathology were compared to 75 age and gender matched patients with visual impairment. ·RESULTS: Rasch analysis reduced the faVIQ items to 27. Correlation to standard visual metrics was moderate(r =0.32-0.46) and to the NEI-VFQ was 0.48. The faVIQ was able to clearly discriminate between age and gender matched populations with no ocular pathology and visual impairment with an index of 0.983 and 95% sensitivity and 95% specificity using a cut off of 29.·CONCLUSION: The faVIQ allows sensitive assessment of quality-of-life in the visually impaired and should support studies which evaluate the effectiveness of low vision rehabilitation services.
文摘Dear Sir,Eye drops(single use)commonly used in clinics do have varying pH values.The use of such drops in the initial management of chemical eye injury may influence the accuracy of pH measurement of the eye,and subsequently influence its management.Chemical eye injury is an ophthalmic emergency,which may be caused by exposure to an acidic(pH<4)or an alkali(pH>10)solution to the eye.Rinsing the eye decreases the concentration of these solutions on ocular surface.The initial management would be copious irrigation with clean or sterile water or Ringer's solution(pH 7.3-7.4)or its equivalent,of
