The Dimbokro health district has one of the highest incidences of malaria in Côte d’Ivoire, despite numerous campaigns to distribute Long-Acting Impregnated Mosquito Nets (LLINs). Given this observation, what ar...The Dimbokro health district has one of the highest incidences of malaria in Côte d’Ivoire, despite numerous campaigns to distribute Long-Acting Impregnated Mosquito Nets (LLINs). Given this observation, what are the population’s attitudes towards LLINs that could explain the high endemicity of malaria in Dimbokro? The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of people in the health area of Nofou, one of the villages in the Dimbokro health district where malaria is most prevalent, with a view to strengthening malaria control strategies. A collection of historical health data (malaria cases and LLIN usage rates) and a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out from July 20 to August 03, 2022 in 400 households selected by systematic random sampling. Data were entered using Epi Info 7 and multivariate statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 22 software. In the Dimbokro health district, the rate of LLIN use was negatively correlated (r = -0.771) with malaria incidence over the six years of historical data collection. Households had an average of 53% good knowledge, 68.6% good practices and 28.4% good attitudes towards LLINs. The study also revealed that the main factors explaining LLIN use in the Nofou health area are mosquito bite (ORa = 5.29 (1.12 - 25.04)), age of household members (ORa = 1.07 (1.01 - 1.14)) and marital status (ORa = 8.45 (1.70 - 45.02)). Awareness-raising on the use of LLINs should be intensified in the Dimbokro health district. Other control strategies, such as vector control and environmental sanitation, should be considered to combat malaria.展开更多
AIM:To examine the relevance of hypoxia inducible factor(HIF-1)and nitric oxide(NO)on the preservation of fatty liver against cold ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI). METHODS:We used an isolated perfused rat liver model...AIM:To examine the relevance of hypoxia inducible factor(HIF-1)and nitric oxide(NO)on the preservation of fatty liver against cold ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI). METHODS:We used an isolated perfused rat liver model and we evaluated HIF-1αin steatotic and non-steatotic livers preserved for 24 h at 4℃in University of Wisconsin and IGL-1 solutions,and then subjected to 2 h of normothermic reperfusion.After normoxic reperfusion,liver enzymes,bile production,bromosulfophthalein clearance,as well as HIF-1αand NO[endothelial NO synthase(eNOS)activity and nitrites/nitrates]were also measured.Other factors associated with the higher susceptibility of steatotic livers to IRI,such as mitochondrial damage and vascular resistance were evaluated. RESULTS:A significant increase in HIF-1αwas found in steatotic and non-steatotic livers preserved in IGL-1 after cold storage.Livers preserved in IGL-1 showed a significant attenuation of liver injury and improvement in liver function parameters.These benefits were enhanced by the addition of trimetazidine(an antiischemic drug),which induces NO and eNOS activation, to IGL-1 solution.In normoxic reperfusion,the presence of NO favors HIF-1αaccumulation,promoting also the activation of other cytoprotective genes,such as hemeoxygenase-1. CONCLUSION:We found evidence for the role of the HIF-1α/NO system in fatty liver preservation,especially when IGL-1 solution is used.展开更多
Diflubenzuron (DFB, trade name dimilin 25 WP) is a chitin synthesis inhibitor widely used against forest insect pests in Algeria. Prior to implementation of these products as chemical agents for mosquito control, know...Diflubenzuron (DFB, trade name dimilin 25 WP) is a chitin synthesis inhibitor widely used against forest insect pests in Algeria. Prior to implementation of these products as chemical agents for mosquito control, knowledge on their potential effects on non-target organisms and its behaviour in water are needed. Therefore, the present study was focused on DFB and aimed to use an HPLC procedure developed previously in order to obtain information on its degradation in freshwater and its bioconcentration in adult females of the fish Gambusia affinis (Cyprinodondiformes, Poeciliidae), which is one of the best candidates for biological control programs against mosquitoes. The adult females were exposed to dimilin (initial concentration 312 ng a.i./ml) for 28 days and residues analysis determined at different exposure times (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days). The concentration of DFB in freshwater decreased with exposure time while the amount of residues detected at the surface of the fish body increased progressively to reach a maximum at day 14 (162.7 ± 14.0 ng/fish) and declined thereafter during the exposure period. In addition, DFB incorporation into body increased with decreasing DFB concentration in water at each exposure time. The following average distribution was noted at the end of experiment (28 days): about 33% of the applied concentration was detected on the surface of fish body and was recovered by simple rinsing, and about 67% was found inside the fish body. A degradation in water and surface of fish occurred starting day 14 during the experimental period. Thus, about 40% of the initial concentration was degraded in freshwater after 28 days. The results are discussed to develop a better understanding of the degradation of dimilin in water and their potential effect on non-target organisms for its application for controlling mosquito.展开更多
Chinese species of the genus Gnathostrangalia are reviewed. Four species of the genus from Damingshan Nature Reserve, Guangxi are redescribed. G. aurivillei（Pic, 1903）, Gnathostrangalia bilineatithorax（Pic, 1922） ...Chinese species of the genus Gnathostrangalia are reviewed. Four species of the genus from Damingshan Nature Reserve, Guangxi are redescribed. G. aurivillei（Pic, 1903）, Gnathostrangalia bilineatithorax（Pic, 1922） and G. rufovittata（Pic, 1922） are newly recorded in China. Male of G. elliptica Chen Chiang, 1996 is discovered and described for the first time. A key to species of the genus Gnathostrangalia is provided.展开更多
<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sitophilus</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span ...<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sitophilus</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>zeamais</i></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is a primary pest of stored maize, which can cause quality and quantity losses. Maize is cultivated in several West African countries where different agro-climatic and agro-ecological conditions exist. These conditions could influence the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sitophilus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>zeamais</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> morphology. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sitophilus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>zeamais</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> morphological groups in the four countries. This was carried out through the morphometric study of 30 male </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sitophilus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>zeamais</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> individuals taken from the yellow maize in each country, by measuring with a binocular magnifying glass, 16 variables of the different tagmas belonging to the insect. Subsequently, statistical analyses were firstly carried out with the raw measurements, such as the principal component analysis, in order to extract the contribution of the variables on each factorial axis and to visualise the correlations between the variables. Taking the case of the transformed measurements, in addition to the principal component analysis, a discriminant factorial analysis was carried out to find out the best factor for gathering individuals according to their morphology, a confusion matrix to summarise the individual</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s reclassification in order to deduce the good and bad classification rates, and an ascending hierarchical classification which consists of gathering the individuals according to their similarity and separating them according to their dissimilarity using the truncation method. Therefore, five morphological groups were identified. However, the existence of these morphological groups would not be linked to agro-ecological, climatic conditions and to the geographical remoteness between countries.展开更多
Multifunctional scaffolds with host defense peptides designed for regenerative endodontics are desirable nanobiotechnological tools for dentistry.Here,different scaffolds were tested for use during the pulp revascular...Multifunctional scaffolds with host defense peptides designed for regenerative endodontics are desirable nanobiotechnological tools for dentistry.Here,different scaffolds were tested for use during the pulp revascularization process,including poly(vinyl alcohol)-PVA hydrogels or resins,collagen hydrogels and poly(vinyl alcohol)PVA/Chitosan(PVA/CS)nanofibers.Based on time to degradation(21 days),nanofibers were chosen to be incorporated with ciprofloxacin and IDR-1002(each at 50 mg/g).Nanofibers containing ciprofloxacin and IDR-1002 had anti-biofilm activity against Enterococcus faecalis,Staphylococcus aureus and a multispecies oral biofilm,besides anti-inflammatory activities.The in vivo subcutaneous tissue response to tooth fragments filled with nanofibers demonstrated a pulp-like tissue formation,when compared to empty teeth fragments.Thus,we designed a strong antimicrobial,immunomodulatory and regenerative candidate for pulp revascularization and regeneration procedures.展开更多
文摘The Dimbokro health district has one of the highest incidences of malaria in Côte d’Ivoire, despite numerous campaigns to distribute Long-Acting Impregnated Mosquito Nets (LLINs). Given this observation, what are the population’s attitudes towards LLINs that could explain the high endemicity of malaria in Dimbokro? The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of people in the health area of Nofou, one of the villages in the Dimbokro health district where malaria is most prevalent, with a view to strengthening malaria control strategies. A collection of historical health data (malaria cases and LLIN usage rates) and a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out from July 20 to August 03, 2022 in 400 households selected by systematic random sampling. Data were entered using Epi Info 7 and multivariate statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 22 software. In the Dimbokro health district, the rate of LLIN use was negatively correlated (r = -0.771) with malaria incidence over the six years of historical data collection. Households had an average of 53% good knowledge, 68.6% good practices and 28.4% good attitudes towards LLINs. The study also revealed that the main factors explaining LLIN use in the Nofou health area are mosquito bite (ORa = 5.29 (1.12 - 25.04)), age of household members (ORa = 1.07 (1.01 - 1.14)) and marital status (ORa = 8.45 (1.70 - 45.02)). Awareness-raising on the use of LLINs should be intensified in the Dimbokro health district. Other control strategies, such as vector control and environmental sanitation, should be considered to combat malaria.
基金Supported by The Ministerio de de Sanidad y Consumo(PI081988)CIBER-EHD,Instituto Carlos Ⅲ,Madrid and Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores y de Cooperación Internacionales(A/020255/08 and A/02987/09),Madrid
文摘AIM:To examine the relevance of hypoxia inducible factor(HIF-1)and nitric oxide(NO)on the preservation of fatty liver against cold ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI). METHODS:We used an isolated perfused rat liver model and we evaluated HIF-1αin steatotic and non-steatotic livers preserved for 24 h at 4℃in University of Wisconsin and IGL-1 solutions,and then subjected to 2 h of normothermic reperfusion.After normoxic reperfusion,liver enzymes,bile production,bromosulfophthalein clearance,as well as HIF-1αand NO[endothelial NO synthase(eNOS)activity and nitrites/nitrates]were also measured.Other factors associated with the higher susceptibility of steatotic livers to IRI,such as mitochondrial damage and vascular resistance were evaluated. RESULTS:A significant increase in HIF-1αwas found in steatotic and non-steatotic livers preserved in IGL-1 after cold storage.Livers preserved in IGL-1 showed a significant attenuation of liver injury and improvement in liver function parameters.These benefits were enhanced by the addition of trimetazidine(an antiischemic drug),which induces NO and eNOS activation, to IGL-1 solution.In normoxic reperfusion,the presence of NO favors HIF-1αaccumulation,promoting also the activation of other cytoprotective genes,such as hemeoxygenase-1. CONCLUSION:We found evidence for the role of the HIF-1α/NO system in fatty liver preservation,especially when IGL-1 solution is used.
文摘Diflubenzuron (DFB, trade name dimilin 25 WP) is a chitin synthesis inhibitor widely used against forest insect pests in Algeria. Prior to implementation of these products as chemical agents for mosquito control, knowledge on their potential effects on non-target organisms and its behaviour in water are needed. Therefore, the present study was focused on DFB and aimed to use an HPLC procedure developed previously in order to obtain information on its degradation in freshwater and its bioconcentration in adult females of the fish Gambusia affinis (Cyprinodondiformes, Poeciliidae), which is one of the best candidates for biological control programs against mosquitoes. The adult females were exposed to dimilin (initial concentration 312 ng a.i./ml) for 28 days and residues analysis determined at different exposure times (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days). The concentration of DFB in freshwater decreased with exposure time while the amount of residues detected at the surface of the fish body increased progressively to reach a maximum at day 14 (162.7 ± 14.0 ng/fish) and declined thereafter during the exposure period. In addition, DFB incorporation into body increased with decreasing DFB concentration in water at each exposure time. The following average distribution was noted at the end of experiment (28 days): about 33% of the applied concentration was detected on the surface of fish body and was recovered by simple rinsing, and about 67% was found inside the fish body. A degradation in water and surface of fish occurred starting day 14 during the experimental period. Thus, about 40% of the initial concentration was degraded in freshwater after 28 days. The results are discussed to develop a better understanding of the degradation of dimilin in water and their potential effect on non-target organisms for its application for controlling mosquito.
基金supported by Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (2014GXNSFAA118069, 2010GXNSFA013070)partially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31260523, 31540055)
文摘Chinese species of the genus Gnathostrangalia are reviewed. Four species of the genus from Damingshan Nature Reserve, Guangxi are redescribed. G. aurivillei（Pic, 1903）, Gnathostrangalia bilineatithorax（Pic, 1922） and G. rufovittata（Pic, 1922） are newly recorded in China. Male of G. elliptica Chen Chiang, 1996 is discovered and described for the first time. A key to species of the genus Gnathostrangalia is provided.
文摘<i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sitophilus</span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>zeamais</i></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is a primary pest of stored maize, which can cause quality and quantity losses. Maize is cultivated in several West African countries where different agro-climatic and agro-ecological conditions exist. These conditions could influence the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sitophilus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>zeamais</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> morphology. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sitophilus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>zeamais</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> morphological groups in the four countries. This was carried out through the morphometric study of 30 male </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Sitophilus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> <i>zeamais</i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> individuals taken from the yellow maize in each country, by measuring with a binocular magnifying glass, 16 variables of the different tagmas belonging to the insect. Subsequently, statistical analyses were firstly carried out with the raw measurements, such as the principal component analysis, in order to extract the contribution of the variables on each factorial axis and to visualise the correlations between the variables. Taking the case of the transformed measurements, in addition to the principal component analysis, a discriminant factorial analysis was carried out to find out the best factor for gathering individuals according to their morphology, a confusion matrix to summarise the individual</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s reclassification in order to deduce the good and bad classification rates, and an ascending hierarchical classification which consists of gathering the individuals according to their similarity and separating them according to their dissimilarity using the truncation method. Therefore, five morphological groups were identified. However, the existence of these morphological groups would not be linked to agro-ecological, climatic conditions and to the geographical remoteness between countries.
基金supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico(CNPq)(409196/2018-5),Coordenaçao de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES)(88887.202222/2018-00)Fundaçao de Apoioa Pesquisa do Distrito Federal(FAPDF)(00193-00000782/2021-63),and Fundaçao de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino,Ciˆencia e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul(FUNDECT)(59/300.397/2015+2 种基金022/2018028973)In addition,this study was supported by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Foundation grant FDN-154287 to R.E.W.Hancock.HE is the recipient of a UBC Killam Fellowship and a Research Trainee Award from the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research(MSFHR).R.E.W.Hancock is a Canada Research Chair in Health and Genomics and a UBC Killam Professor.We also acknowledge Professor Marcelo Oliveira Rodrigues and Chemistry Institute(University of Brasilia)for all support.
文摘Multifunctional scaffolds with host defense peptides designed for regenerative endodontics are desirable nanobiotechnological tools for dentistry.Here,different scaffolds were tested for use during the pulp revascularization process,including poly(vinyl alcohol)-PVA hydrogels or resins,collagen hydrogels and poly(vinyl alcohol)PVA/Chitosan(PVA/CS)nanofibers.Based on time to degradation(21 days),nanofibers were chosen to be incorporated with ciprofloxacin and IDR-1002(each at 50 mg/g).Nanofibers containing ciprofloxacin and IDR-1002 had anti-biofilm activity against Enterococcus faecalis,Staphylococcus aureus and a multispecies oral biofilm,besides anti-inflammatory activities.The in vivo subcutaneous tissue response to tooth fragments filled with nanofibers demonstrated a pulp-like tissue formation,when compared to empty teeth fragments.Thus,we designed a strong antimicrobial,immunomodulatory and regenerative candidate for pulp revascularization and regeneration procedures.
